Book 5 Unit 4 要点词语摘抄

 

第二篇：Unit 5, Book 3 词汇学习

《新标准大学英语》第三册第五单元词汇学习 第 1 页 共 26 页 ◇ heavily: adv.

1) in large amounts 大量地

1. He is heavily insured against death. 他给自己投了巨额的人身保险。

2. His business is heavily in debt. 他的公司欠了很多债。

2) to a large degree 很大程度地；高度地

1. heavily wooded, uncultivated, thinly settled areas 森林茂密的、未经开垦的人烟稀少地区

2. His word weighed heavily with the jury. 他的话对陪审团发生重要影响。

3. The area relies heavily on the mines for jobs. 这个地区的就业很大程度上是靠着这些矿。

3) if you do or say sth. heavily, you do it slowly and with a lot of effort, especially because you are sad or bored （尤因伤心或无聊而）行动缓慢地

e.g. ―I don‘t understand you,‖ she said heavily. “我不明白你,”她闷闷不乐地说道。 Word family: heavy adj.

◇ albeit: conj. (fml) used for introducing a comment that slightly changes or reduces the effect of a previous remark, like even if it is/although … 尽管；即使

1. Inflation continues to decline, albeit slowly. 通胀持续下降，虽然速度较慢。

2. I tried, albeit unsuccessfully, to contact him. 尽管未与他联系上，可是我已尽力而为了。

◇ agreeable: adj.

1) (fml) pleasant, nice, or satisfactory 令人愉快的；惬意的

I find her a very agreeable woman. 我发现她是位和蔼可亲的女性。

《新标准大学英语》第三册第五单元词汇学习 第 2 页 共 26 页

2) [~ to] acceptable or able to be agreed on 可接受的

Would it be agreeable to you to adopt the customary practice that has been used in the Sino-France trade? 我们采用中法贸易中长期使用的惯例，你能接受吗？ Antonym: disagreeable

◇ smartly: adv. in a stylish manner 衣着整洁地

1. You must dress smartly for your job interview. 参加工作面试要衣着整洁（得体）。

2. A smartly dressed young man is looking for you at the door. 门口有个衣着整洁（帅气）的年青人在找你。

Word family:

◇ upstate: adj. in the northern part of a particular state in the US （美国某州）北部的

Helps arrived for snow-buried upstate New York. 救援部队已经到达了被大雪覆盖的纽约州北部地区。

also adv.

We drove 150 miles upstate. 我们向北部开了150英里。

◇ demeanor: n. [U] (AmE fml) the way you look and behave 风度；举止

1. His demeanor has always been that of a perfect gentleman. 他的举止始终是属于正人君子的模样。

2. Everybody was convinced by your brilliant demeanor in the meeting today! 今天开会时你的风采让大家都折服了!

◇ internship: n. [C, U] (AmE) a job that a student or someone who has recently smart adj.

《新标准大学英语》第三册第五单元词汇学习 第 3 页 共 26 页 obtained a degree takes in order to get experience 实习的职位；实习期

1. He recently finished a six-month internship at Puma. 他最近在彪马公司完成了为期6个月的实习。

2. At the end of three years he finished his internship and took a position with a private clinic in London. 三年后他的实习期满，便在伦敦的一家私人诊所里任职。

◇ congressman: n. [C] (pl. congressmen) a man who is a member of the US congress, especially the House of Representatives （美国）国会议员，（尤指）众议员

1. Rumors of corruption dishonored the congressman. 贪污的谣言使那位国会议员蒙羞。

2. The congressman resigned after having been found guilty of bribery. 这位议员被证实犯有行贿受贿罪后辞职了。

◇ partnership: n.

1) [U] (business) the position of being one of two or more people who own a company as partners 合伙（关系）；合股；合伙人身份

1. She worked in partnership with her sister. 她和妹妹合伙经营。

2. Joe promised to take me into partnership in his firm. 乔答应让我成为他公司的合伙人。

2) [C, U] a relationship between two people, organizations, or countries （两个人、组织或国家之间的）合作关系，伙伴关系

1. The two nations are building a constructive partnership. 这两个国家正在建立一

《新标准大学英语》第三册第五单元词汇学习 第 4 页 共 26 页 种建设性伙伴关系。

2. The company has gone into partnership with Swiss Bank Corporation. 这家公司已经和瑞士银行公司建立合作关系。

◇ razor-sharp: adj.

1) very clever 非常聪明的

He is well-known for his razor-sharp mind. 他以头脑敏锐而出名。

2) very sharp 非常锋利的

1. razor-sharp teeth 锋利的牙齿

2. His observations are razor-sharp while his wit makes his topics palatable to his readers. 他的观察力如刀刃般犀利，而他的诙谐使其话题为读者所飨。

See also: razor.

◇ razor: n. [C] a small tool or piece of electrical equipment used for shaving (=removing hair from your skin) 剃须刀；刮胡刀

A new razor gives a close shave. 新刀片刮得很干净。

See also: razor-sharp.

◇ intellect: n.

1) [C, U] the ability to think in an intelligent way and to understand difficult or complicated ideas and subjects 智力；思维能力；理解力

Opinion is ultimately determined by the feelings, and not by the intellect. (Herbert Spencer) 观点是完全由情感而不是由理智决定的。（赫伯特·斯宾塞）

2) [C] someone who is extremely intelligent 才智非凡的人；才华出众的人

He was one of the most formidable intellects of his times. 他是该时代的盖世奇才。 Word family:

intellectual adj. intellectually adv. anti-intellectual adj. intellectual property n. anti-intellectualism n.

《新标准大学英语》第三册第五单元词汇学习 第 5 页 共 26 页 Fill in the blanks with proper words.

1. There are very few countries in the world where runs as high in popular culture as it does in the U.S..

2. Any song that you write is your .

3. As the daughter of college professors, she's used to being around people.

4. About 40 percent of the students were found to be curious about politics, arts and science.

◇ democrat: n. [C]

1) (Democrat) a member of the Democratic Party in the U.S. （美国的）民主党人

The Democrat upset the governor in the election. 这位民主党人在选举中击败了州长。

2) someone who supports democracy as a political system 民主主义者；民主人士 He is just what he claims he is, a natural democrat. 正如他自己所称, 他是个天生的民主主义者。

See also: democratic.

◇ democratic: adj.

1) (Democratic) used in the names of some political parties（美国）民主党的 The Democratic Party did not have easy victories in the recent elections. 民主党在最近几次选举中的胜利来之不易。

2) based on the principle that all people are equal and should be able to share in making decisions 民主的；民主管理的

He has a democratic work-style. 他作风民主。

See also: democrat.

《新标准大学英语》第三册第五单元词汇学习 第 6 页 共 26 页 ◇ voter: n. [C] someone who votes in an election 投票人；选举人；选民

The voters show their opposition to the government by voting against the proposal. 投票人用投票反对该建议的方法表示他们对政府的反对。

Word family: vote v.

1. If we cannot agree, let's vote on it. 咱们意见要是不一致就表决吧。

2. He is voted the smartest in the family. 他被公认为是全家最聪明的一个。

◇ corruption: n. [U] dishonest or illegal behavior by officials or people in positions of power, especially when they accept money in exchange for doing things for someone 腐败行为；（尤指）受贿

1. They are planning a new campaign against corruption. 他们正在策划一个新的反贪污运动。

2. Accusations of corruption have been made against him. 对他贪污的控告已经提出。

Word family: corrupt v.& adj.

1. The businessman was sent to prison for trying to corrupt a tax official with money. 这名商人因企图向税务官员行贿而被判入狱。

2. This young man was influenced by bad people and became corrupt without being aware of it. 这个青年受坏人引诱， 开始堕落而不自觉。

◇ progressive: adj.

1) supporting social and political change that aims to make a system fairer 进步的；先进的；改革的

She is the most progressive writer of the era. 她是那个时代最进步的作家。

2) developing gradually 向前进的；发展中的

1. Success is the progressive realization of worthy goal. 成功是一个逐渐实现有价

《新标准大学英语》第三册第五单元词汇学习 第 7 页 共 26 页 值的目标的过程。

2. It was a progressive disease and he would suffer more and more. 病情逐渐加剧, 他将忍受越来越大的痛苦。

◇ nomination: n. [C, U] an official suggestion that someone should get a job or a prize, or the decision to give them a job or a prize 提名；推荐

1. Who will get the Republican nomination for president? 谁会被共和党提名竞选总统呢？

2. The song brought her an Academy Award nomination. 这首歌使她获得了奥斯卡奖的提名。

Word family: nominate v.

The board nominated him as the new director. 董事会指定他为新董事。

◇ competent: adj. capable of doing sth. in a satisfactory or effective way 能胜任的；能干的

1. Some companies now offer etiquette seminars for employees who may be competent professionally but clueless socially. (CET4-2003-12) 一些公司现在面向那些胜任业务但不懂社交礼仪的员工们开设礼仪培训班。

2. Of all the applicants, the most competent person will fill the vacant position. 这个空缺将由应征者中最能干者填补。

Word family: competence n.

Antonym: incompetent

◇ shiver: vi. & n.

1) vi. if you shiver, your body shakes slightly, for example because you are cold or frightened （因寒冷或害怕而）颤抖，哆嗦

《新标准大学英语》第三册第五单元词汇学习 第 8 页 共 26 页

A sudden gust of cold wind made me shiver all over. 一阵突如其来的冷风吹得我浑身直哆嗦。

2) n. a shaking movement that your body makes when you are cold, frightened, or excited 颤抖；打颤

The gruesome sight sent a shiver down my spine. 那可怕情景使我的背脊发凉。 Synonym: shake

◇ orchestra: n. [C] a large group of musicians using many different instruments to play mostly classical music 管弦乐队

He conducts the London Symphony Orchestra. 他指挥伦敦交响乐团。

Word family: orchestral adj.

◇ slot: n. [C]

1) a short period of time allowed for one particular event on a program or timetable （节目单或时间表上为某节目或排定的）一段短暂的时间；（广播节目等的）一档

1. I got to know the news from a late-night television slot. 我从一档深夜电视节目中得知这个消息。

2. Viewers‘ letters were read out in this five-minute slot. 观众来信在这档5分钟节目中宣读。

2) a long narrow hole that you can fit sth. into 狭窄的通道；狭窄的空间；狭缝；投币口

He slid a coin into the slot of the jukebox. 他把一枚硬币投进自动点唱机投币口。

◇ trumpet: n. [C] a musical instrument that is a curved metal tube with a wide end. You play it by blowing into it as you press buttons on the top. 喇叭；小号

《新标准大学英语》第三册第五单元词汇学习 第 9 页 共 26 页 He blew his trumpet on the way. 他在路上吹着喇叭。

◇ stellar: adj.

1) (AmE) a stellar performance, achievement, piece of work etc. is extremely good 杰出的；优秀的

Such stellar achievements could not be possible without a good workforce. 这些杰出成就的取得全靠优秀的员工。

2) relating to stars 星的；星球的

In terms of stellar distances a journey from the earth to the moon would appear very short. 从星际的角度来看，从地球到月球的路程是很短的。

◇ sophisticated: adj.

1) knowing and understanding a lot about a complicated subject 老练的；精通的；讲究的

1. Wearing a suit and tie can make you look very sophisticated. 穿西装打领带让你看起来非常老练。

2. Discussion and reflection are necessary for a sophisticated response to a text. 讨论与深思对深刻理解文本来说是必要的。

2) complicated and advanced in design 复杂的；精密的

1. They are beginning to use these sophisticated images to plan surgical procedures in detail. 他们开始用这些精密的图像来详细设计手术程序。

2. In modern warfare, mobility and sophisticated weapons are more important than weight of numbers. 在现代战争中，机动性和先进武器比人多势众更为重要。 Word family:

sophisticate n. [C] 老于世故的人

sophistication n.

《新标准大学英语》第三册第五单元词汇学习 第 10 页 共 26 页

◇ hall-of-fame: n. [C]

1) [singular] (AmE) the group of people who are most famous for doing a particular activity （某项运动、某行业等中的）杰出人物，名人，佼佼者

Vivienne Westwood has scaled the heights of fashion's hall of fame. 薇薇恩·韦斯特伍德已经成为时尚界的杰出人物。

2) (Hall of Fame) a place where people go to learn about a particular sport or activity and the famous people who do it （纽约市的）美国名人纪念堂

All three will one day be inducted into the Hall-of-Fame , most likely on the first ballot. 有朝一日，他们三人都将进入―名人堂‖，而且极可能是其中的领先者。

◇ diplomat: n. [C]

1) an official whose job is to represent their government in a foreign country 外交官；外交家

His job as a diplomat was a blind for his spying. 他担任外交官的职务是为了给他的间谍身分打掩护。

2) someone who is good at dealing with people in a sensitive way that does not upset or offend them 有手腕的人，善交际的人

My brother was born a diplomat, with his gift in dealing with various kinds of people. 我兄弟善于应付形形色色人，可谓生来就是善交际的人。

Word family:

diplomatic adj. diplomacy n. [U]

◇power broker: n. [C] a person or country that has a lot of influence and uses it to control other people or countries（有影响力、能操纵他人或他国的）权力经纪人

◇ heaving: adj.

1) (BrE infml) very busy and full of people 热闹的；熙熙攘攘的

《新标准大学英语》第三册第五单元词汇学习 第 11 页 共 26 页 Many people come on board with bags heaving with duty-free and other bits of shopping. 许多乘客提着装满免税品和其它购物商品的包登机。

2) moving up and down with large regular movements 起伏的

The sun is rising from the heaving sea. 太阳正从波涛起伏的海面上升起。

See also: heave.

◇ heave: v.

1) vi. move up and down with large regular movements （有节奏地大幅）起伏 The billows heave on the sea. 海上波涛翻腾。

2) v. move up and down with large regular movements （用力）推，拉，提，举 They need some machinery to heave the sunken boat up from the bottom of the lake. 他们需要一些机械来把沉船从湖底打捞上来。

See also: heaving.

◇ summon: vt.

1) (fml) officially order someone to come to a place, especially a court of law 召见，传唤；叫（或命令）……过来

1. The shareholders were summoned to a general meeting. 那些股东被召集去参加股东大会。

2. He summoned his soldiers to fight. 他号召部下战斗。

2) manage to produce a quality or a reaction that helps you to deal with a difficult situation 鼓起（勇气）；振作（精神）

1. You must summon all your courage to meet the danger. 你必须鼓起全部勇气以面对危险。

2. No one is able to summon him up after his wife died. 他的妻子死后，没有人可以使他振作起来。

《新标准大学英语》第三册第五单元词汇学习 第 12 页 共 26 页

◇ shrug

1) v. move your shoulders up and let them drop to show that you do not know sth. or do not care 耸（肩）（表示不知情或不感兴趣）

1. When I am asked about how to learn English well, I often shrug my shoulders. 每当有人问我怎样学好英语时，我总是耸耸肩。

2. This actress tried to shrug off these reporters. 这位女演员试图对这些记者们不予理睬。

2) n. an act or instance of shrugging one‘s shoulders 耸肩

She brushed off every suggestion with a shrug and raised eyebrows. 她对每一个建议都不接受，只是双肩一耸，眉毛一抬了事。

◇ whatsoever

1) adv. used for emphasizing a negative statement 任何，丝毫（用于加强否定陈述句的语气）

1. I have no ear whatsoever for music. 我对音乐完全欣赏不来。

2. There's no reason whatsoever to turn down this suggestion. 没有任何理由拒绝这个建议。

2) pron. whatever 无论什么

Whatsoever nonsense the newspaper prints, some people always believe it. 无论报纸上刊登什么荒谬的东西，总有人相信。

◇ refrain: v. (fml) stop yourself from doing sth. 忍住；节制

1. Please refrain from spitting on the sidewalk. 请不要在人行道上吐痰。

《新标准大学英语》第三册第五单元词汇学习 第 13 页 共 26 页

2. Let's hope they will refrain from hostile actions. 希望他们不采取敌对行动。

3. Please refrain from smoking during the performance. 演出时请勿吸烟。

◇ curl

1) v. form a curved or round shape, or give sth. this shape 卷；（使）弯曲

1. His fingers curled gently round her wrist. 他温柔地握着她的手腕。

2. Be careful not to curl up the corner of the dictionary. 当心别把字典的边角卷曲了。

2) vi. move in a curving or twisting way 缭绕；盘绕

Smoke was curling up the chimney. 烟囱里的烟雾袅袅上升。

3) n. a lock of hair having a spiral or coiled form; (with reference to a person?s hair) a state or condition of being curled. （一缕）鬈发；（头发）卷曲状态

1. Her hair fall over her shoulders in a cascade of curl. 她的头发卷曲着披垂在肩上。

2. Your hair has a natural curl. 你的头发是自然卷。

See also: curl one‘s lips.

◇ disdain

1) n. [U] the feeling that someone or something is not important and does not deserve any respect 鄙视；蔑视；轻视

I have nothing but disdain for such a person. 对这样一个人，我只有鄙视。

2) v. consider to be unworthy of one?s consideration; refuse or reject (sth.) from feelings of pride or superiority 鄙视；蔑视；鄙弃；傲慢地拒绝（某物）

1. We disdain a man for his snobbishness. 我们鄙夷势利小人。

2. She remained standing, pointedly disdaining his invitation to sit down. 她仍然站着，显然对他入座的邀请不屑一顾。

《新标准大学英语》第三册第五单元词汇学习 第 14 页 共 26 页

◇ effortless: adj. done well or successfully and without any effort 不费力的；轻松的

1. His effortless calligraphy has an unconventional grace of its own. 他的书法， 信笔写来，十分超脱。

2. She plays with seemingly effortless skill. 她演奏得似乎毫不费力。

Word family: effortlessly adv.

◇ flare

1) vi. if a person or animal flares their nostrils, or if their nostrils flare, their nostrils become wider because they are angry 〔人或动物因气愤而〕张大（鼻孔），张开鼻翼

1. The bull flared its nostrils. 那头公牛翕动着鼻翼。

2. The trousers flare out below the knee. 这条裤子膝盖以下是喇叭式的。

2) vi. suddenly burn or shine brightly （火焰）闪耀，（短暂地）烧旺

Suddenly I saw a flashlight flare in the darkness. 突然我看到手电筒的亮光黑暗中闪了一下。

3) vi. if strong feelings flare or flare up, people suddenly become angry, violent etc. 〔强烈的情感〕突然爆发

I do not like to see your passion flare up so easily. 我不愿意看到你这样动不动就发脾气。

4) n. a sudden brief burst of bright flame or light （火焰，灯光）突然一闪 There was a sudden flare as she lit the gas. 当她点瓦斯时，突然有个闪光。

5) n. a device producing a very bright flame, used especially as a signal or marker 信号弹；信号灯

《新标准大学英语》第三册第五单元词汇学习 第 15 页 共 26 页 Send up a red flare as soon as you get to the assembly point. 你们一到达集合地点马上发射一颗红色的信号弹。

◇ nostril: n. [C] one of the two holes at the end of your nose 鼻孔

1. The perfume of wild flower filled her nostrils. 野花的香气扑鼻而来。

2. He dislikes his wide nostrils. 他不喜欢自己的宽大的鼻孔。

3. She drew on the cigarette and blew smoke through her nostrils. 她吸了口香烟，然后把烟从鼻孔喷出来。

◇ encounter: vt. & n.

1) vt. experience or deal with sth., especially a problem 遇到，遭遇（尤指问题） We did not encounter fierce resistance anywhere. 我们在任何地方都没有遭遇到大的抵抗。

2) n. a meeting, especially one that was not planned 偶遇；邂逅

1. I did not see him again except for a brief encounter on a train. 除了有一次在火车上短暂相遇之外，我没再看见过他。

2. My first encounter with sociology came at college. 在大学时我第一次接触社会学。

◇ doubtful: adj.

1) [usu. before n.] not satisfactory or acceptable 不太好的；不合意的

Tell them not to mix with doubtful company. 让他们不要和不三不四的人来往。

2) [not usu. before n.] not feeling certain about something 不确定的；未定的

《新标准大学英语》第三册第五单元词汇学习 第 16 页 共 26 页 It is extremely doubtful that anyone survived the explosion. 实在无法确定在那场爆炸中有没有幸存者。

◇ intimidated: adj. [never before n.] feeling nervous or frightened of someone or something 受惊的；受恐吓的；害怕的

1. Children can come here and not feel intimidated. 孩子们可以来这里而不必害怕。

2. I could understand how she would become defensive and intimidated. 我完全懂得她是怎么变得谨小慎微，战战兢兢的了。

See also: intimidate.

◇ intimidate: vt. deliberately make someone feel frightened, especially so that they will do what you want 威胁；胁迫

1. He said he would never be intimidated by big names and authorities. 他说他决不会被名人、权威所吓倒。

2. The thief intimidated the boy into not telling the police. 这个贼恫吓那男孩使他不敢向警察报告。

See also: intimidated.

◇ impatient: adj.

1) (to do sth.) wanting something to happen as soon as possible 热切的；焦急的

They were impatient to get out of this awkward situation. 他们迫切想摆脱困境。

2) (with) annoyed because something is not happening as quickly as you want or in the way you want 不耐烦的；没有耐性的

The Congress was impatient with the slow progress in regulating toxic water pollution. 国会忍受不了管理有毒水污染中的缓慢进展。

《新标准大学英语》第三册第五单元词汇学习 第 17 页 共 26 页 Antonym: patient

◇ swirl: n. & v.

1) n. [C] a fast circular movement 旋动；旋转

With hundreds of questions, my memory fell into the swirl of remembering. 夹杂着一连串的疑问，我的思绪跌进了回忆的漩涡。

2) v. move quickly in circles, or to make sth. move in this way （使）打旋；（使）旋动

He stood by the window, watching sharp gusts of snow billow, then swirl and drift to the ground. 他站在窗边，看着雪花在强风中翻腾、回旋，缓缓飘落到地面。

◇ clamor: vi. & n.

1) vi. (AmE) make noise by shouting or talking loudly 吵闹；喧嚷

We are apt to find that the very men who block a scheme are the ones who clamor loudest. 我们往往发现，阻碍一项计划的人正是那些吵闹得最凶的人。

2) n. [sing, U] (AmE) a very loud noise made by a lot of people or things, for example when a lot of people are shouting 吵闹声；喧嚷声

The clamor of the traffic gave me a headache. 交通的噪声使我头疼。

3) n. the expression of feelings of anger and shock by a large number of people – used especially in news reports 〔一大批人的〕强烈要求，大声呼吁〔尤用于新闻报道〕

Recently the public clamor for the legalization of voluntary euthanasia seem increasingly strong. 最近公众要求对自愿安乐死合法化的呼声似乎越来越高。

◇ icy: adj.

1) very cold, in an unpleasant way 冰冷的；寒冷的

I do not relish the idea of a bathe in the icy water. 我对洗冷水澡的主意不感兴趣。

《新标准大学英语》第三册第五单元词汇学习 第 18 页 共 26 页

2) covered with ice 冰封的；结冰的

The ship got lost and sailed too close to the icy Antarctic. 这条船迷航了，结果开得离冰天雪地的南极洲太近了。

3) an icy remark, look etc shows that you feel annoyed with or unfriendly towards someone （言辞、目光等）冷冷的，不友好的

She fixed her questioner with an icy glare. 她冷冷地盯着审问者。

◇ breeze: n. & v.

1) n. [C] a light wind 微风

The breeze fanned her hair. 微风轻拂着她的头发。

2) vi. walk somewhere in a calm confident way 飘然出现；信步走进

She just breezed into my office and said she wanted a job. 她一阵风似的进了我的办公室，说想找份工作。

3) vi. deal with sth. with apparently casual ease 轻松应对

She breezed through the first exam. 她轻松地通过了第一次考试。

◇ intense: adj.

1) very great or extreme 强烈的；剧烈的；极度的

1. He retreated his chair with intense disgust. 他极其厌恶地将椅子往后挪开。

2. The job demands intense concentration. 这项工作要求高度专心。

2) intense activity is very serious, uses a lot of effort, and often involves doing a great deal in a very short time 〔活动〕紧张的，认真的，激烈的

At least 3000 people were killed in a week of intense fighting. 一周内至少有3000人死于激烈的战斗。

Word family: intensity n.

《新标准大学英语》第三册第五单元词汇学习 第 19 页 共 26 页

◇ diner: n. [C] someone who is eating a meal at a restaurant （餐馆里的）就餐者

The new diner needs another short-order cook. 新来的客人又要了一份快餐。 Word family:

dine v. eat dinner 进餐

I decide to dine out tonight. 我今晚打算出去吃饭。

◇ applause: n. [U] the sound of many people hitting their hands together and shouting, to show that they have enjoyed sth. 掌声，喝彩

The crowd broke into thunderous applause. 观众席爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。 Word family: applaud v.

People often applaud an imitation and hiss the real thing. 人们经常为模仿品而喝彩对真品却嗤之以鼻。

◇ classless: adj. not divided into social classes 无阶级的；不分阶级的

The USA is reputed to be a classless society. 人们都说美国是个无阶级社会。 Word family: class n.

◇ aristocracy: n. [C] the people in the highest class of society, who usually have money, land, and power and who often have special titles 贵族；贵族阶级

1. He married into the French aristocracy. 他因婚姻关系跻身于法国贵族。

2. Today, CEOs are popularly regarded as a new celebrity class — even an aristocracy. 今天，CEO已经被普遍视为一个新的名人团体——甚至可以说是一个贵族。 Word family: aristocrat n. 贵族（成员）

《新标准大学英语》第三册第五单元词汇学习 第 20 页 共 26 页

◇ hover: vi.

1) stay somewhere because you are waiting to do something or because you cannot decide what to do 守候；犹豫

He hovered about outside, too afraid to go in. 他在外面犹豫徘徊，因过于胆怯而不敢进去。

2) if a bird, insect, or aircraft hovers, it keeps itself in the same position in the air （鸟、昆虫或飞机）翱翔，盘旋

The helicopter hovered over the crowd for a while before inching away. 直升机在人群上空盘旋了一会儿后慢慢飞走了。

◇ proposition: n. [C]

1) an offer or suggestion, especially involving business or politics （尤指涉及商业或政治的）提议，建议

His proposition is good in theory but cannot be put into practice. 他的建议在理论上不错，但不能付诸实践。

2) a statement that people can examine in order to decide whether it is true 主张；观点；见解

The proposition is so clear that it needs no explanation. 观点十分明确，无须解释。 Word family: propose v.

◇ laughable: a. very silly, or unreasonable 荒唐可笑的；荒谬的

1. Men show their character in nothing more clearly than what they think laughable. 从一个人觉得什么可笑最能清楚地看出他的个性。

2. Don Quixote is laughable, but is a idealism incarnation throughout. 堂吉诃德

《新标准大学英语》第三册第五单元词汇学习 第 21 页 共 26 页 是可笑的，但又始终是一个理想主义的化身。

Word family: laugh n. & v.

◇ humility: n. [U] a way of behaving that shows that you do not think that you are better or more important than other people 谦逊；谦恭

1. His humility is only a pose. 他的谦卑只是一种姿态。

2. It is not a sign of humility to declaim against pride. 用慷慨激昂的言语攻击傲慢并不是谦逊的标志。

Synonym: modesty

◇ uncomfortable: adj.

1) if you are uncomfortable, you have an unpleasant or slightly painful feeling in part of your body 使人感到不舒适的

1. Sharp stones on the path made walking barefoot rather uncomfortable. 小路上有尖石块，赤脚走路不很舒服。

2. The coal miners labored under ground in uncomfortable conditions. 矿工们在地下艰苦的条件下劳动。

2) feeling embarrassed or nervous 不自在的；不安的

He felt uncomfortable about being asked to make a speech. 他对于受邀做一次演讲感到很不自在。

Antonym: comfortable

◇ flurry: n. [C] (usu. sing) a short period of activity or emotion 混乱；慌张；激动

1. A flurry of excitement went round the crowd as the film star arrived. 电影明

《新标准大学英语》第三册第五单元词汇学习 第 22 页 共 26 页 星到达时，人群中发生了一阵骚动。

2. There was a brief flurry of activity in the hall. 大厅里一阵短暂的骚动。 Word family: flurried adj. 慌张的，激动不安的

◇ waive: vt. choose to officially ignore a rule, right, or claim 宣布取消（规定等）；正式放弃（权利或要求）

1. He waived his claim to the estate. 他放弃了对遗产的要求权。

2. If they want, they can waive copyright protection (as many have done by offering free downloads of music). 如果他们愿意，他们也可以放弃著作权保护（正如许多人提供免费音乐下载一样）。

◇ weakly: ad. without much strength or force 虚弱地；软弱地；无力地

1. Laura leaned weakly against the door. 劳拉虚弱地靠在门上。

2. The enemy rear is weakly defended. 敌人后防空虚。

Word family: weak adj. weakness n.

◇ recruit: n. &. v.

1) n. [C] a new member of a company or an organization, especially someone who has recently joined 新成员

1. New recruits to our table tennis club are always welcome. 我们的乒乓球俱乐部随时欢迎新成员的参加。

2. This job presents many difficulties to the new recruit. 这件工作对新手来说困难重重。

2) n. [C] a new member of the armed forces 新兵

《新标准大学英语》第三册第五单元词汇学习 第 23 页 共 26 页 Army recruits are all trained in first aid. 部队新兵都接受急救培训。

3) v. a. find new people to work in a company, join an organization, do a job etc. 招募，吸收，招收（新成员）

With the rapid growth of our business, we are planning to recruit professionals in our subsidiaries in different cities. 因为业务的迅速增长，我们计划在各城市的子公司招聘更多的人才。

4) v. get people to join the army, navy etc. 招募（新兵）

It is easy to recruit English boys into the Navy, as so many of them are keen on the sea. 招募英国男孩入海军是件很容易的事，因为他们中间的许多人都很喜欢大海。 Word family: recruitment n. [U] 征募新兵；补充

◇ deputy: n. [C] someone whose job is the second most important in a department or organization, and who takes the responsibilities of the most important person in some situations （用于职务名称中）副的；代理的

1. The delegation was headed by a deputy mayor. 代表团由一位副市长率领。

2. John will act as a deputy for me during my absence. 我离开期间，约翰将代理我的职务。

◇ donation: n. [C] money or goods that you give to an organization, especially one that helps people 捐款；捐献物

He made a generous donation of 5,000 dollars in cash to the library. 他向该图书馆慷慨捐赠现金五千美元。

Word family: donate v.

She is so religious that she always donates ten percent of her income to the church. 她是如此虔诚，总是把收入的十分之一奉献给教会。

◇ republican: n. & adj.

《新标准大学英语》第三册第五单元词汇学习 第 24 页 共 26 页

1) n. [C] a. someone who supports the US Republican Party (Republican) （美国）共和党人，共和党支持者

The president stumped for Republican candidates. 总统为共和党候选人进行游说。

2) someone who supports the idea of a republic as a system of government 拥护共和政体的人；共和主义者

a straight republican 一位彻底的共和主义者

3) a. relating to a system of government with a president and representatives elected by the people 共和的；共同政体的

Many countries have a republican form of government. 很多国家采用共和政体。

◇ chief of staff n. [C]

1) (mainly AmE) someone whose job is to manage the people who work for a government leader and to advise that leader 政治领导人的顾问

the White House chief of staff 白宫办公厅主任

2) the most senior officer in the army, navy, or air force （美国）陆军（空军）参谋长

As the general chief of staff of the U.S. forces Marshall had accompanied the President to many important international conferences. 马歇尔作为美军参谋总长，曾随美国总统出席了多次重要国际会议。

◇ track down: find someone or something after a long search 跟踪找到；追捕到；搜寻到

1. They hope to track down the source of the infection. 他们希望查出这种传染病的根源。

2. The Nazi authorities were in the habit of sending agents into Switzerland to

《新标准大学英语》第三册第五单元词汇学习 第 25 页 共 26 页 track down the assets of German Jews. 纳粹当局惯于派遣特工进入瑞士追寻德国犹太人的资产。

3. All citizens should help the police in tracking the criminals down. 所有市民都应该帮助警察追捕罪犯。

◇ think on one‘s feet: think and react quickly, especially in a situation where things are happening very fast （在困境中处事）思路敏捷果断

1. An ability to think on your feet is important for a comedian. 反应敏捷对于喜剧演员来说是重要的能力。

2. Reporters bombarded him with difficult questions, but Bill was very good at thinking on his feet. 记者们纷纷向他抛出难以回答的问题，但比尔思维敏捷，迅速给出答复。

◇ know sth. inside out: know about something thoroughly 熟知某事；对某事知道得一清二楚

1. Why don't you ask Mike? He knows the system inside out. 为什么不问问迈克？他非常了解这套系统。

2. Beijing is my hometown, so I know the city inside out. 北京是我的故乡，对这座城市我是太熟悉了。

◇ in the running for: (infml) having some chance of succeeding or achieving sth. 有成功的机会

Al was in the running for the trophy until the last hole of the golf tournament. 直到高尔夫球赛的最后一个球洞，艾尔还满有获胜的希望，但最后输了。

《新标准大学英语》第三册第五单元词汇学习 第 26 页 共 26 页 Antonym: out of the running for

Jack had no training and no personality, so he was clearly out of the running for the job. 杰克没有受过训练，人品又差，所以对于这份工作，他显然是不值得考虑的。

◇ curl one‘s lip(s): put on a sneering expression; show scorn by the expression on one‘s face 撇嘴；（用面部表情）表示轻蔑

1. “Of course not,‖ he said, curling his lips. “当然不是”，他说，撇了撇嘴。

2. I know you don‘t like Tom. I saw you curl your lip when he spoke. 我知道你不喜欢汤姆，我看见汤姆说话时，你撅着个嘴，露出一付不屑一顾的样子。

See also: curl