自我总结 as which that 引导的定语从句

as, which 非限定性定语从句

由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句,as和which可代整个主句,相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首,which在句中。例如:

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. 如我们所知,吸烟有害健康。

The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 太阳使地球暖起来,这对我们人类很重要。

典型例题

1)Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.

A. it B. that C. which D. he

答案C. 此为非限定性从句,不能用 that修饰,而用which.,it 和he 都使后句成为句子,两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。

2)The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.

A. what B. which C. that D. it

答案B。which可代替句子,用于非限定性定语从句,而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句,it不为连词,使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。

3)It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..

A. that B. which C. as D. it

答案B. as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时,这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思,且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点:

(1) as 引导的定语从句可置于句首,而which不可。

(2) as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时,从句中的谓语必须是系动词;若为行为动词,则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。在本题中,prevent由于是行为动词,所以正确选项应为B。

易错点七:忽略as 和which 引导非限定性定语从句的区别

例 13. He failed in the exam again,which was expected.

例 14. He failed in the exam again,as was not what he had expected.

析:例 13 中的 which 应改为 as ;例 14 中的 as 应改为 which . as 和 which 虽然都可引导非限制性定语从句,但仍有以下三点区别:( 1 ) as 有“正如;就像”之意,而 which 没有;( 2 ) as 引导的非限制性定语从句可置于句首、句中或句末,而 which 只能置于句末;( 3 )如果非限制性定语从句是否定句时/表示否定意义的从句,只能用 which 引导。

定语从句中动词若为表示知觉的词,如 see ,expect ,say ,know 等时,用 as 而不用 which .

As we expected / know,Xiao Ming took the first place in the game.

固定句式出差错

例 3. Mary is so lovely a girl as everybody loves her.

例 4. Mary is so lovely a girl that everybody loves.

析:例 3 中的 as 应改为 that ;例 4 中的 that 应改为 as。

so?as 或 so?that 为固定句式,前者为 as 引导的定语从句, as 在定语从句中作宾语或主语,如例 4 ;

后者为 that 引导的结果状语从句,该从句的成分是完整的,不缺少主语或宾语,如例 3 .类似的固定句式还有 the same? as (that) , such?as , as?as 等。

下列场合一般只用that:

① 先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词时; ② 先行词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, much, no, some, very等词修饰

时;

③ 先行词有两个,一个指人,另一个指物时;

④ 主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。

只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况

a) 在there be 句型中,只用that,不用which。

b) 在不定代词,如:anything, nothing, the one, some, no, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时,只用that,不用which。

c) 先行词有the only, the very修饰时,只用that。

d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that。.

e) 先行词既有人,又有物时。例如:

All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。

Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.

那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。

主谓不一致

例 5. Tom is one of the students who likes swimming.

例 6. Tom is the only one of the students who like swimming.

析:例 5 中的 likes 应改为 like ;

例 6 中的 like 应改为 likes .

在“ one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句”结构中,定语从句的先行词是复数名词,故谓语动词要用复数形式,如例 5 ;

在“ the (only) one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句”结构中,先行词是 one ,而不是复数名词,故谓语动词要用单数形式,如例 6 .

特殊名词作先行词时关系词的选取错误

例 11. I don’t like the way which you speak to her.

例 12. I don’t care for pay. I just want to get a job that I can be greatly valued.

析:例 11 中应在 which 前加 in 或将 which 改为 that 或去掉;

例 12 中的 that 应改为 where 或 in which .

在定语从句中,有些特殊名词作先行词时其关系词的选取有一定的特殊性,如 way 作先行词时,其引导词可用 that 或 in which 或省略,如例 11 ;

与 way 相似的还有 job,situation,point,case 等作先行词时,关系词常用 where 或 in which ,如例 12 .

 

第二篇:考研英语中which引导的定语从句总结

考研英语中which引导的定语从句总结

关系代词which引导的定语从句, 指物,在从句中可以作主语、宾语等。多数情况下,可与that互换。但是要注意当从句中,介词提前只能用which,而且,在非限制性定语从句中,which引导的句子单独翻译为一句话。

(1)“The ability to guard customer data is the key to market value, which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders.”(20xx-4-3)

考点:board董事会,be responsible for代表, on behalf of代表(注意在写作中的应用),shareholder股东

解析:这个句子难度为低级,划横线部分为主句只有一个难点就是which的先行词是谁,是句子还是前面的一个名词,很显然,这个句子中是指市场价值,而不是这种能力。

翻译:保护客户资料的能力是市场价值的关键,董事会代表股东对市场价值负有责任。

难点总结:介词短语,which的先行词,非限制性定语从句一般翻译为一个单句。

(2)In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.(20xx-翻译-47)

考点:multi-media 传媒集团(最好不要翻译为多媒体集团), bring together 组织,集合,work in relation to one another 彼此协作,publishing houses出版社

解析:此句难度为高级,划线部分为主句, 冒号后是主句的同位语,由which引导的定语从句来修饰groups,句尾还有that引导的定语从句来修饰television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses。As在这个句子中是副词,修饰副词elsewhere,翻译为“就像在其他地方一样”。

翻译:在欧洲,就像在其他地方一样,多媒体集团越来越成功了,这些集团把相互之间有紧密联系的电视台、电台、报纸、杂志、出版社组合到了一起。

难点总结:确认关系代词which,that的先行词(记得当先行词是两个或者两个以上的人或者物时,关系代词要用that。),as的用法。

(3)Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account.(20xx-3-4)

考点:take into account考虑(注意要用在写作中,尤其是建议信中例如:You need to take the following factor into account when you make a decision.)

解析:这个句子难度为低级。Which在此指代的是a correct baseline。

翻译:麦尔斯博士和沃姆博士指出,他们的工作确定了一个准确的底线,未来的管理必须将其考虑进去。

难点总结:确定which的先行词。

(4)For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.

考点:semiconductor半导体,casualty伤亡,

解析:这个句子难度为高级,这个句子是主句里套从句,从句里又套从句的结构,所以分清楚主句特别重要,主句为划线部分,其中as though 引导一个方式状语从句,这个从句中又有一个由which(先行词为the making of semiconductors)引导的非限制性定语从句。

翻译:曾有一段时间,似乎半导体制造业是另一个将要覆没的产业,要知道半导体正是美国人所发明,它在计算机新时代起着核心作用。

难点总结:注意句子结构。注意各个连词的指代和意义。

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