我把所有句型按照自己的理解分成了13种，由于时间很紧，难免有不合理的地方，望大家谅解～～ ：）我写ARGUMENT所用的所有句型都是从这个东西里挑出来的～其实我觉得最好还是自己总结比较好，印象比较深一些～因为用别人的句子其实是————每个人都按自己的理性的行为结果是集体的非理性～呵呵～容易出现拼写错误的词:Assumption, available, guarantee, account, possibility, moreover, 承接Therefore/thus/hence/so/consequently/clearly/moreover/besides引导结论conclude/claim/assert/propose 显示,表明show/imply/prove/indicate/illustrate/demonstrate建议 recommend/suggest/advise 倡议 advocate预言,预计predict/project/forecast/expect首段开头句型:

1) In this editorial/argument, the author argues that __.The author also claim that __.To support these claims the author points out that __. The author also points out that __.2) This editorial/memo recommends that __.To support this recommendation, the author points out that __.the author also points out that __ ,and that __.Finally, the manager cites that __.首段结尾句型:

3) I find the editorial/argument logically unconvincing in several respects. /I find this argument specious on several grounds.4) However, the argument relies on a series of unsubstantiated assumptions, which render it unconvincing as it stands. /However, the argument/editorial relies on a number of doubtful assumptions and is therefore unconvincing.5) This argument depends on several unsubstantiated assumptions and is therefore unpersuasive as it stands.6) This argument is problematic /flawed in several critical respects.7) A careful analysis of the study reveals several problems with the editorial’s argument.8) The study suffers from certain statistical and other problems, which render the conclusion based upon it unpersuasive.9) As discussed below, the argument suffers from several critical flaws and is therefore unpersuasive as it stands.10) However, careful scrutiny of the evidence reveals that it accomplishes little toward supporting the director’s claim, as discussed below.11) However, close scrutiny of the manager’s argument reveals several unproven assumptions, which render it unconvincing.

12) The argument suffers from several logical flaws and is therefore unconvincing as it stands.13) As discussed below, the argument suffers from several critical flaws and is therefore unpersuasive.调查,统计的准确性:14) Many ___ were actually excluded from the survey.15) The result of the survey lacks validity/credibility/reliability and therefore could not lend strong support to the arguer’s claim/propose.16) The result of the survey lacks validity/credibility because/as the sample is too limited.17) The survey does not provide complete information concerning the effect ___18) The number reported ___ does not necessarily reflect the number actually ___19) The statistics comparing __ might be distorted in one or more respects20) These statistics were based only on data from __.

21) The cited statistics about __ might be unreliable in other respects as well. 22) It is unfair to conclude from one survey suggesting that __23) Moreover, a single survey taken just prior to __ is sustainable.24) Although the number of __ is relatively high, the per __(capita) number might be relatively low.A与B之间的关系(主要是因果关系):25) A bears some relation to B./(Establish) a casual relationship between A and B 26) No evidence was given to substantiate the claim that A contribute to B27) The fact that A does not necessarily follow that B28) The mere fact that A proves nothing about B.29) The inference rests on the assumption (A) that B is unconvincing.A与B 的进行比较(类比,类推)的问题:

30) Are the two towns/companies comparable at every aspect?31) The comparison between A and B is incomplete, hence/consequently we can hardly evaluate that ___32) The argument is unconvincing because it is based on a false analogy.33) Without showing that all

other conditions in the two areas have been essentially the same, the author cannot convince me that __

作者忽视其他原因的问题:34) The arguer ignores other possible factors that may also leads/contribute to_. Perhaps _ Or perhaps __ More over, perhaps __35) There is a good chance that ___/It is entirely/highly possible that___36) The arguer fails to take into account / rule out the possibility that ___, thus/hence/therefore we can not evaluate the overall effect of ___

37) The author overlooks the possibility that (only a small portion of )__38) The author also ignores the possibility that __作者偷换概念,错误等同的问题:39) The arguer does not differentiate between ___ and ___作者提供信息不完全,或所给论据不支持论点的问题:

40) The arguer does not provide/offer any information concerning the ___./No information concerning ___ is provided.41) However, this evidence provides little credible support for the argument’s/editorial’s conclusion/assertion.42) The evidence involving __ does not adequately show that __43) A reduction/increase in the A rate does not necessarily indicate a reduction/increase in overall A rate.44) For the majority of __ it is probably more important to __.Thus, I cannot accept the author’s sweeping recommendation for all __作者假设前提谬误问题:45) The assumption that ___ is unfounded/unwarranted/suspicious/unreliable/unconvincing/groundless/suspect able. 46) No evidence could indicate that ___47) The author unfairly/fallaciously/falsely assumes that ___

48) The number of ___(physicians) does not necessarily indicate the quality of ___(health care)/leads to the result that___.49) Credibility of the evidence and feasibility of the conclusion is open to doubt50) The author’s assumption that __ is unsupported.作让步假设,推出谬误类句型:51) Granted that A /even is A is true, there is no guarantee that/it does not necessarily follow that ___. /Even though, it is true that __52) Even if A was responsible for B, the editorial’s claim that __ is unwarranted.53) Even assuming __, the author unfairly infers that __其他论述段结尾句:54) In short, without ruling out other possible explanations for the difference between __/(scenarios), the author cannot safely/reasonably conclude that/(reasonably rely on these statistics to support the claim that) __55) In short, without evidence that all other conditions that might affect __, the author’s claim that __ is dubious at best.总结,结论用语:

56) In the absence of/Lacking data concerning that total amount of ___, the credibility of the result of the survey is skeptical /unfounded/groundless/open to doubt.57) Unless the arguer can provide substantial/valid/solid/concrete evidence concerning ___, the conclusion can not be properly/safely drawn,58) In sum, the author’s evidence accomplishes little toward supporting the author’s argument for __59) To evaluate the conclusion more efficiently/to make the conclusion more convincing/to justify this claim, the author must provide supporting evidence.