初一上册英语语法

1.什么是什么 的句子结构。在这里要用到be 动词am, is, are.

1)陈述句结构是主语+be动词（am, is, are）+名词或形容词或介词

My name is Jenny. I’m a student.

He is my father. My father is a manager.

Tom is sixteen years old. We are good friends.

They are Americans. It’s a beautiful cat.

She is happy. The film is boring.

The ball is under the bed.

This is a pencil. That is a pen.

These are backpacks. Those are baseballs.

2)一般疑问句结构是be动词（am, is, are）+主语+名词或形容词或介词 Is he a film star? Is she fifteen years old?

Is Jack Chan Chinese? Is your father a famous worker?

Are you Mr. Bean? Are you Chinese?

Are they students?

Is this her ruler? Is that his book?

Are these your father’s clothes? Are those your parents’bedrooms?

3)特殊疑问句结构是特殊疑问词+ be动词（am, is, are）+主语+名词或形容词或介词

Where are you from? Where is he from?

What is your name? What is his name?

When is your birthday?

Why is he black?

What is this in English? What are these in English ?

How much is this pencil? How much are these pants?

What color is it?

What class are you in?

4)否定句结构是主语+be动词（am, is, are）+not+名词或形容词或介词 I am not Japanese. He is not Russian.

Tom isn’t from America. This is not a case.

Those are not her apples.

My father isn’t a worker.

2.什么有什么的句子结构。主语一般是人，表示为某人有什么东西或人。

1)陈述句结构是主语+have(has)+名词

I have a big family. Tom has a good father.

My father has a big car. We have two apples and five oranges. They have a bedroom. The zoo has 5000animals.

Pigs have four legs.

2) 一般疑问句结构是Do(Does)+ 主语+have(has)+名词

Do you have a soccer ball?

Do they have a car?

Does she have a skirt?

Does he have a ping-pong ball?

Do camel have four legs?

3)特殊疑问句结构是特殊疑问词what+Do(Does)+ 主语+have(has)+名词 What do you have in your bag?

What does Tom have in his hand?

How many bananas do you have ?

How many animals does the zoo have?

4)否定句结构是主语+have(has)+not +名词

We have not a car.

They have not a big TV.

It hasn’t two ears.

3.什么喜欢什么的句子结构。主语一般是人，表示为某人喜欢什么东西或人。

1)陈述句结构是主语+like(likes)+名词或者动名词短语

I like bananas. He likes red cars.

My sister likes watching TV. They like playing football.

Her brother likes ice cream.

Pandas like bamboo.

2) 一般疑问句结构是Do(Does)+ 主语+like(likes)+名词或动名词短语 Do you like hamburgers?

Does your father like salad?

Does his sister like strawberries?

Do they like going to the movie?

Do dogs like eating meat?

3)特殊疑问句结构是特殊疑问词+do(does)+ 主语+like(likes)+名词或动名词短语

What do you like?

Why do you like playing football?

4)否定句结构是主语+do(does)+not +like+名词或动名词短语。

I don’t like listening to music.

He doesn’t like watching TV.

We don’t like going to Beijing.

They don’t like going to college.

I don’t like dogs.

4．什么想要做什么的句子结构。主语一般是人，表示某人想要做某事。

1）陈述句结构是主语+want to(wants) +动词原形的动词短语

I want to go to Shanghai. He wants to have a drink.

She wants to go shopping on Sunday.

We want to take a bus to Hangzhou. They want to go to the park. The dog wants to run after the mouse.

2) 一般疑问句结构是Do(Does)+ 主语+want(wants)+ 动词原形的动词短语 Do you want to play the piano?

Does your mother want to see an action movie?

Do they want to buy the clothes?

3) 特殊疑问句结构是特殊疑问词+do(does)+ 主语+want(wants)+ 动词原形的动词短语

What do you want to do at six o’clock?

When do they want to go to America?

Where does your uncle want to go?

How many footballs do you want to buy?

Why do you want to write a book?

4) 否定句结构是主语+do(does)+not want to +动词原形的动词短语

I don’t want to see the movie.

We don’t want to eat the cake.

He doesn’t want to take photos.

5.什么能够或者会做什么。主语一般是人，表示某人会或者能够做什么。

1）陈述句结构是主语+can+动词原形的动词短语

I can speak English. She can listen to music.

They can take a train to Hangzhou.

We can go shopping with our friends.

He can join the art club.

2) 一般疑问句结构是can+ 主语+动词原形的动词短语

Can you dance? Can he paint?

Can you speak a little English?

Can he play the guitar?

3) 特殊疑问句结构是特殊疑问词+can+主语+动词原形的动词短语

What can you do at home?

When can you finish your homework?

Where can you buy a backpack?

4) 否定句结构是主语+can+not+动词原形的动词短语

I cannot join this club.

We cannot make a cake.

They cannot play volleyball.

6.什么做什么。主语一般是人，表示某人做什么。这是习惯性的动作，或者经常性的动作。

1）陈述句结构是主语+动词原形或者动词的第三人称+名词短语

I get up at six o’clock. We eat breakfast at eight o’clock.

She goes to school at seven thirty.

Tigers often eat meat.

I usually go to bed at eight o’clock.

We often have dinner at five o’clock.

2) 一般疑问句结构是do(does)+ 主语+动词原形的动词短语

Do you get up at six o’clock?

Does she go to England?

Does Tome go to work at 8 o’clock?

Do they have lunch at 12 o’clock?

Does the tiger eat meat?

3) 特殊疑问句结构是特殊疑问词+do(does)+主语+动词原形的动词短语

What time do you get up?

What time does he go to school?

What does he do at 9 o’clock?

When does he eat breakfast?

4) 否定句结构是主语+do(does)+not+动词原形的动词短语

I don’t ride a bike to school.

He doesn’t take a bus to Beijing.

We don’t buy bad bananas.

Pandas don’t eat meat.

7.介词的用法。

In的用法：1.表示时间段的概念 in the morning, in the afternoon ,in the evening. 2.表示在什么里面in the box, in China, in the room.3.表示穿着什么颜色的衣服。In red , in blue, in white.4.表示用什么。Can you speak this in English ?5.表示在哪个季节或者月份 in spring, in summer, in July ,in October.

At 的用法：1.表示具体的时间概念at six o’clock, at seven thirty.2.表示在具体的某个地方at the school gate, at the bus stop.

On 的用法：1.表示在什么上面 on the wall, on the desk 2.表示在具体星期几on Monday, on Wednesday.3.表示最具体的时间on the six of November, 20xx.

In front of 在什么前面，与物体不接触。In the front of 表示在某物体里面的前面。

Next to 在什么隔壁。Under 在什么下面。

About 表示时间方面的大约。有时表示关于什么事情的意思。Talk about friendship.

 

第二篇：初一上册英语语法口诀及用法总结

初一上册英语语法口诀及用法总结

初一英语的学习是为整个初中时期英语学习打好基础的关键，那么语法的学习对同学们灵活运用所掌握的词汇就十分有用了。初一英语是一个衔接的阶段，小学阶段所学习的英语主要是学习一些简单的词汇积累，简单的语句表达，不会涉及语法的学习，那么进入初一就需要接受一些新挑战。以下是初一英语语法口诀及用法总结，希望能帮助同学们快速记忆。

第一、动词be(is,am,are)的记忆口诀。

我(I)用am, 你(you)用are，is跟着他(he)，她(she)，它(it)。单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。变否定，更容易，be后not加上去。变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。还有一条须注意，句首大写莫忘记。

第二、this，that和it的用法。

(1)this和that是指示代词，it是人称代词。

(2)距离说话人近的人或物用this, 距离说话人远的人或物用that。如：

This is a flower. 这是一朵花。(近处)

That is a tree. 那是一棵树。(远处)

(3)放在一起的两样东西，先说this, 后说that。如：

This is a pen. That is a pencil. 这是一支钢笔。那是一支铅笔。

(4)向别人介绍某人时说This is…, 不说That is…。如：

This is Helen. Helen, this is Tom. 这是海伦，海伦，这是汤姆。

(5)This is 不能缩写, 而That is可以缩写。如：

This is a bike. That’s a car. 这是一辆自行车。那是一辆轿车。

(6)打电话时，介绍自己用this, 询问对方用that。如：

—Hello! Is that Miss Green? 喂，是格林小姐吗?

—Yes, this is. Who’s that? 是的，我是，你是谁?

注意：虽然汉语中使用“我”和“你”，但英语中打电话时绝不可以说：

I am…, Are you…?/Who are you?

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(7)在回答this或that作主语的疑问句时, 要用it代替this或that。如：

①—Is this a notebook? 这是笔记本吗?

—Yes, it is. 是的，它是。

②—What’s that? 那是什么?

—It’s a kite. 是只风筝。 第三、these和those的用法。

this, that, these和those是指示代词，these是this的复数形式,指时间,距离较近的或下面要提到的人或事;those是that的复数形式,指时间、距离较远或前面已经提到过的人或事物。

①This is my bed. That is Lily’s bed. 这是我的床。那是莉莉的床。

②These pictures are good. 那些画很好。

③ Are those apple trees? 那些是苹果树吗?

在回答主语是these或those的疑问句时，通常用they代替these或those以避免重复。如：

④Are these/those your apples? 这些(那些)是你的苹果吗?

Yes, they are. 是的，他们是。

第四、名词+’s所有格的用法。

单数名词后直接加 “ ’s ”：

Jim’s coat 吉姆的外套 Jeff’s mother杰夫的妈妈

以s结尾的复数名词，只加“’”

Teachers’ Day教师节 the twins’ books双胞胎的书

不以s结尾的不规则的名词复数，加“ ’s ”

Children’s Day 儿童节 men’s shoes男式鞋

表示两者共同拥有时，只在最后一个名词后加’s

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Lucy and Lily’s mother 露茜和莉莉的妈妈(共同的妈妈，一个妈妈)

表示两者各自拥有时，要在每个名词后加’s

Lucy’s and Kate’s rooms 露茜和凯特的房间(各自的房间，两间房子) 第五、There be句型的用法。

(1)There be句型主要用以表达“某处(某时)有某人(某物)。”其基本结构为“There be+某物(某人)+某地(某时)”其中there是引导词，没有词义;主语是be后面的名词， be是谓语动词，在一般现在时中be只用is和are两种形式。下面这首歌诀可帮你巧记there be句型结构：

There be放句首，主语跟在后。地、时放句末，强调置前头。如：

There is a book on the desk.

有时为了强调地点，也可把介词短语放在句首。如：

On the desk there is a book.

(2)There be句型中的be动词如何确定呢?请先看看下面这首歌诀：

Be动词，有三个，am，is还有are。“There be”真特别，不留am只留俩，那就是is还有are。要用is还是are，须看其后的名词是单数还是复数。若是单数或不可数名词用is，否则就用are。如：

①There is a tree behind the house.

②There is some water(水)in the bottle(瓶子).

③There are some pears in the box.

(3)注意：如果“be”后的主语是由and连接的两个或两个以上的名词，那么be的形式要遵循“远亲不如近邻”的原则。也就是说，“be”的形式是由与它最近的那个名词来确定的。若那个名词是单数或不可数名词要用is，是复数就用are。如：

①There is a book and some pens on the floor.

②There are some pens and a book on the floor.

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第六、like一词的用法。

like用作及物动词，译为“喜欢”。

(1)后接名词或代词，表示喜欢某人或某物。如：

I like the baby very much. 我非常喜欢这个小孩。

(2)后接动名词(v. -ing)，表示“喜欢做某事”，着重于习惯、爱好。如：

Tom likes playing football. 汤姆喜欢踢足球。

(3)后接动词不定式(to do )，表示“偶尔地喜欢做某事”，着重于某次具体的行为。如： I like reading, but I like to watch TV this evening. 我喜欢读书，但我今晚想看电视。

第七、句子单数变复数，注意以下五要素。

(1)主格人称代词要变成相应的复数主格人称代词,即I→we, you→you，she,he,it→ they。

如：She is a girl. →They are girls.

(2)am，is要变为are。如：

I’m a student. →We are students.

(3)不定冠词a，an要去掉。如：

He is a boy. →They are boys.

(4)普通单数名词要变为复数形式。如：

It is an apple. →They are apples.

(5)指示代词this，that要变为these，those。如：

This is a box. →These are boxes.

第八、英语日期的表示法。

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英语中月份和星期名称都是专有名词，它们的首字母必须大写，并且前面无需用冠词。 用英语表示日期，其顺序为月+日+年，日和年之间需用逗号隔开。如：August 2nd，20xx(20xx年x月x日)。也可以用日+月+年来表示。如：10th May，20xx(20xx年x月x日)英语日期前介词的使用：若指在哪一年或哪一月，则用介词in，若具体到某一天，则需用介词on。

第九、英语时间的表达法。

(1) 直读式，即直接读出时间数字

7: 05 seven five 8:16 eight sixteen

(2) 过、差式，即几点差几分，几点过几分。(以30分为分界线)

1:25 twenty-five past one 2:30 half past two

3:43 seventeen to four 4:38 twenty-two to five

(3)12小时制

6:00 a.m. 上午6点 8:20 p.m. 下午8点20分

(4)24小时制

13:00 13点钟 22:15 22点15分

(5)15分可用quarter

4:15 a quarter past four 5:45 a quarter to six

(6)时间前通常用at.

at 5 o’clock at 7:30 p.m.

第十、want的用法。

(1)想干什么用want to do sth

They want to join the sports club. 他们想加入运动俱乐部。

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(2)第三人称单数作主语，want要作变化

①He wants to play basketball.

②Li Xia wants to play the piano.

(3)变疑问句，否定句要借助助动词do或does.

①-Do you want to play soccer ball ? -Yes , I do . / No , I don’t.

②-Does he want to go home by bus ? -Yes , he does . / No , he doesn’t 6