英语初一上册语法重点词汇句型

1. 名词

A）名词的数

名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，不可数名词没有复数形式，可数名词有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下：

一）一般情况下在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas

二）ce,se,ze,(d)ge后加s。如：prices,cases,oranges

三）x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes

四）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies，story-stories

2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys; toy-toys, key-keys

五）以o结尾加s（外来词）。如：radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es： 如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯

六）以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves

七）单复数相同（不变的）有：fish, sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese

八）一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks 九）单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police警察局，警察, class 班，同学, family家，家庭成员

十）合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers

十一）表示民族的名词，有的在此为加s, 如：an American—three Americans; 有的单复数形式相同，如：a Chinese—four Chinese

十二）有的单复数意思不同。如：fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸 papers报 纸，卷子，论文, work工作 works作品，工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼镜, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡

十三） 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s。如：Is (I’s), Ks (K’s)。但 如是缩略词则只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs

十四） 特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen

B）名词的格

当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下：

一）单数在后面加’s。如：brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s

二）复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’，如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如： Teachers’ Day教师节, classmates’; Children’s Day六一节, Women’s Day三八节

三）由and并列的名词所有时，如果是共同所有同一人或物时，只加最后一个’s， 但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如：Mike and Ben’s room迈克和本的房间（共住一间），Mike’s and Ben’s rooms迈克和本的房间（各自的房间）

2、代词 人称 主格 宾格 形容词 名词性 反身代词 指示代词

第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself

复数 we us our ours ourselves

第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself

复数 you you your yours yourselves

第三人称 单数 she her her hers herself this that

He him his his himself

it it its ts itself

复数 they them their theirs themselves these those

3、动词

A) Be动词 is am are

B） 第三人称单数 当动词是第三人称单数时，动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s，如下：

一）一般在词后加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains

二）在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes

三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries

2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys

四）以o结尾加es。如：does, goes

五）特殊的有：are-is, have-has

C） 现在分词

当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式，不能用原形，构成如下：

一）一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing

二）以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having

三）以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母＋一个辅音字母（注意除开字母组合如show –showing, draw-drawing）要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning

四）以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于

4、数词

(基变序，有规则；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接th；y结尾，变为i, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth

二、句式

1.陈述句

肯定陈述句

a) This is a book. (be动词)

b) He looks very young. (连系动词)

c) I want a sweat like this. (实义动词)

d) I can bring some things to school. (情态动词)

e) There’s a computer on my desk. (There be结构)

否定陈述句

a) These aren’t their books.

b) They don’t look nice.

c) Kate doesn’t go to No. 4 Middle School.

d) Kate can’t find her doll.

e) There isn’t a cat here. (=There’s no cat here.)

2. 祈使句

肯定祈使句

a) Please go and ask the man.

b) Let’s learn English!

c) Come in, please.

否定祈使句

a) Don’t be late.

b) Don’t hurry.

3. 疑问句

1) 一般疑问句

a) Is Jim a student?

b) Can I help you?

c) Does she like salad?

d) Do they watch TV?

e) Is she reading?

肯定回答:

a) Yes, he is.

b) Yes, you can.

c) Yes, she does.

d) Yes, they do.

e) Yes, she is.

否定回答:

a) No, he isn’t.

b) No, you can’t.

c) No, she doesn’t.

d) No, they don’t.

e) No, she isn’t.

2) 选择疑问句 Is the table big or small? 回答 It’s big./ It’s small.

3) 特殊疑问句

① 问年龄 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.

② 问种类 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.

③ 问身体状况 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.

④ 问方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K. How do we contact you? My e-mail address is cindyjones@163.com.

⑤ 问原因 Why do you want to join the club?

⑥ 问时间 What’s the time? (=What time is it?) It’s a quarter to ten a.m..

What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o’clock.

When do you want to go? Let’s go at 7:00.

⑦ 问地方 Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table.

⑧ 问颜色 What color are they? They are light blue.

What’s your favourite color? It’s black.

⑨ 问人物 Who’s that? It’s my sister.

Who is the boy in blue? My brother.

Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma.

Who are Lisa and Tim talking to?

⑩ 问东西 What’s this/that (in English)? It’s a pencil case.

What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.

11问姓名 What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s Helen.

What’s your first name? My first name’s Ben.

What’s your family name? My family name’s Smith.

12 问哪一个 Which do you like? I like one in the box.

13 问字母 What letter is it? It’s big D/small f.

14 问价格 How much are these pants? They’re 15 dollars.

15 问电话号码 What’s your phone number? It’s 576-8349.

16 问谓语(动作) What’s he doing? He’s watching TV.

17 问职业(身份) What do you do? I’m a teacher. What’s your father? He’s a doctor.

三、时态

1、一般现在时 表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时，它有：

Be 动词：She’s a worker. Is she a worker? She isn’t a worker.

情态动词：I can play the piano. Can you play the piano? I can’t play the piano.

行为动词：They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes?

They don’t want to eat any tomatoes.

Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn’t have a watch.

2、现在进行时 表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态，结构为sb be v-ing sth + 其它. I’m playing baseball. Are you playing baseball? I’m not playing baseball.

Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn’t writing a leter。

They’re listening to the pop music. Are they listening the pop music? They aren’t listening to the pop music.

 

第二篇：高一英语重点词组句型

1. add up the score

2. calm sb down keep calm

3. have got to=have to

4. be concerned about=be worried about

5. go through=experience

6. set down=write down

7. a series of

8. grow crazy about

9. everything to do with nature be/have nothing to do with

10. stay awake

11. on purpose by accident/chance

12. happen to do… It happened that…碰巧

13. face to face face-to-face

14. no longer not … any longer

15. recover from illness

16. suffer from a headache suffer heavy losses/a great pain

17. be tired of be tired from be tired/worn out

18. pack up

19. have some trouble/difficulty with +n./in+doing

20. get on well with sb/sth

21. fall in love with sb be in love with sb.

22. communicate with sb

23. be grateful to sb for sth.

24. give sb some advice/tips on sth.

25. join in=take part in + 活动 join+ sb join +组织（the army/the Party）

26. one another=each other

27. an official language local officials

28. because of=as a result of + n./doing/what引导的宾语从句

29. than ever before

30. even if =even though 即使

31. actually=in fact=as a matter of fact

32. at first 起初 first of all 首先

33. be based on/upon

34. at present

35. enrich/enlarge vocabulary

36. make use of=take advantage of make good use of=make the best of

37. in the 1980s/1980’s 在20世纪xx年代

38. the former前者 the latter 后者

39. a large number of=large numbers of + pl.

40. English-speaking countries

41. command sb to do… have a good command of English 精通英语

42. request sb to do..

43. standard English living standard 生活水平

44. expect sb to do…

45. believe it or not

46. play an important part/role in… 在…方面起重要作用 play a part/role in 在…扮演角色

47. be recognized as/to be the best 被公认/承认为…

48. go straight for two blocks

49. native English speakers native language

50. speak with a strong accent

51. dream of/about

52. persuade sb to do…=persuade sb into doing… persuade sb not to do/out of doing…

53. try to persuade sb to do…=advise sb to do…

54. graduate from college

55. be fond of

56. insist on/upon

57. care about 在乎、在意 care for 喜欢、照顾

58. a determined/frightened look

59. determine to=be determined to=decide to=make up one’s mind to do…(mind可数)

60. at an altitude of at a speed of at a height of

61. give in to sb/sth give up smoking

62. a block of ice 一块冰 His car blocked others.（堵塞，挡住）

63. be dressed in=wear=have on

64. the setting sun The sun is setting.

65. reliable rely on=depend on

66. change coats for T-shirts change…for… 区分change…into…

67. for company 作伴

68. have a good attitude to/towards

69. put up a tent/a building/a notice (搭起帐篷、建起高楼、张贴通知)

70. prefer 用法见金版25页

71. can’t wait to do …

72. right away=right now=at once=immediately=in no time

73. burst into tears/laughter/flames=burst out crying/laughing/burning

74. burst into =break into a house

75. think little/nothing of think highly of

76. be at an end= come to an end

77. as if=as though

78. 79. lie/be in ruins leave…in ruins ruin one’s hope/happiness/holiday

80. be injured in an accident be wounded in the war hurt one’s feeling harm one’s health

81. be completely destroyed be badly damaged

82. tens of thousands of 数以万计 hundreds of thousands of 数十万

83. instead of=in place of 代替 instead of doing=rather than do 而不是

84. be shocked at/to do/that shocking news

85. rescue...from…

86. dig out

87. bury oneself in study/be buried in study

88. the dead/injured/missing (谓语用复数)

89. congratulate sb on/upon sth celebrate sth

90. give/offer one’91. judge a man by his looks/appearance Judging from/by…

92. to honor=in honor of=in memory of

93. It’s a great honor for me to do=I feel greatly honored to do…

94. raise money=collect money

95. disaster-hit/stricken areas

96. Your friend come to school very upset.(见unit one 课后注解)

97. There was a time when…(when 引导定语从句)

98. It’s the first time that… (that 引导的从句用什么时态？)

99. It’s no good/use/pleasure doing…

100. I find/think/feel it hard to do…=I find/think/feel that it is hard to do…

101. There is no such thing as standard English. (such 为什么后面的a没有了？) 102. …

103. It was my sister who/that first had the idea. (强调句)

104. She can be really stubborn. (can 译为“有时”) It can be very cold here in winter. 105. Everywhere they looked, nearly everything was destroyed.

106. Water, food and electricity were hard to get.=It was hard to get water food and electricity.

be + adj. + to do (to do 是主动形式表被动含义，不可用to be done)

107. All hope was not lost. = Not all hope was lost. (部分否定详见金版38页)

108. 全部否定用none, nothing, no one, nobody 表示

I don’t agree with everything. 部分否定

I don’t agree with anything. = I agree with nothing. 全部否定