虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。
Ⅰ用以表示虚拟条件的虚拟语气
⒈ 用if条件从句表示的虚拟条件，是虚拟条件最普通的方式。
① 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式(be 一般用were)，主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形，例如：If I were in your position I would marry her.
② 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设，if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即had＋过去分词，主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词，例如：If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis. ③ 大多数的虚拟条件句属于上面三种情况的一种，但并不排除存在条件和后果中，一个和现在情况相反，另一个和过去情况相反，例如：If you had followed what the doctor said, you would not have been so painful now.这个句子在高中出现频率颇高。
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虚拟语气：分两大类（假设类 、 缓和语气类）
一． 假设类 (虚拟手段：倒推时态)
１． if 从句 (虚拟手段：倒推时态)
假设 结果
过去if had done， would/ should / could / might have done
现在if did / were, would/ should / could / might do
将来if were to do/ should do, would/ should / could / might do （不可能，不希望发生） 将来if does/ is （真）, will do （有可能发生） 注意：１）省if ，要倒装
２） if 从句 被 以下替代：unless, otherwise, but for, supposing, without you were to order him, he wouldn’t do. = If you were not to order him, he wouldn’t do.
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英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法，愿望，假想，猜测，怀疑或建议，而不是根据客观实际，就用虚拟语气。
虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。
If I were you, I would go at once.如果我是你，我马上就会去。
If there were no air, people would die.如果没有空气，人就会死亡。 用法及动词形式
1、表示与现在事实相反的情况：
从句：主语+过去时 主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do 1.If I were you, I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你，我会带把伞。 2.If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。
3.If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth.如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。
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l. 时间选择型
当虚拟语气用来表示一种不能成为现实、不真实的情况时，须选择与现在、将来和过去情况相反的三种不同时间，从而决定谓语动词。这类虚拟语气主要用于如下几方面:
（1）虚拟条件句（含蓄虚拟条件句）
If l were you，l would study much harder．（与现在情况相反）
If he did（were to do，should do）it，he would do it well．（与将来情况相反） I wouldn't have finished the work without your help．（与过去情况相反）
（2）由 even if（though）引导的让步状语从句，其谓语动词变化同于虚拟条件句，在口语中也可用直陈语气。
Even if he were here, he wouldn't be able to help you．（与现在情况相反）
Nothing could have saved your father，even if the doctor had arrived on time．（与过去情况相反）
（3） wish后的宾语从句
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五、虚拟语气
1．与现在事实相反或在可预见的时间段内不可能发生的事情。
2．虚拟句无单数be动词，无现在时态，全部都是相应的过去时态。 虚拟三形式：(would, should, could, might)
现在情况的虚拟：If+主语+一般过去时，主语+would+动词原形
过去情况的虚拟：If+主语+过去完成时，主语+would+have+done 将来情况的虚拟：If+主语+一般过去式，主语+should+动词原形
3．虚拟倒装三形式：省略if，助动词提前。
Were+主语+表语，主语+would+动词原形。
Were I you, I would not come.
Had+主语+过去分词，主语+would+have+done。
Had I come earlier yesterday, I would have met him.
Should+主语+动词原形，主语+would+动词原形。
Should you come, you would come early tomorrow.
4．虚拟特殊形式：
1)wish后that从句用虚拟语气
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虚拟语气总结
1. 条件句中的虚拟语气
（1）对现在的虚拟
If I________（有空）now, I would go with you to the party.
（2）对过去的虚拟
If you______（参加）the party last night, you would have met me.
（3）对将来的虚拟
If it tomorrow, we would postpone the sports meet. 特别注意：虚拟语气中的倒装
条件句中有should, were to do, had done, 把if省掉，然后将
2. 宾语从句中的虚拟
(1)
坚持、建议： 决定：decide
命令：order, command
要求：demand, require, request
We all suggest that John _____________.
.
特别提示：
I wish I were 10 years younger.
I wish I could fly.
I would rather have gone to the party yesterday.
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虚拟语气
1. 陈述 祈使（请求，命令，警告） 虚拟
Mood 心境 情绪 语气；indicative 象征的，陈述的；imperative 必要的，祈使的； Subjunctive 虚拟的
2. Subjunctive mood 虚假的与事实相反的；难以实现的；强烈的情感或主观愿望
3. 虚拟语气可以在多种从句中表现，各种从句中的虚拟语气
一：状语从句 if, as if (though)引导的，这种情况称之为非真实条件句或是if条件句；虚拟语气第一种用法
If 1）if条件句虚拟三种情况及基本结构
If I were ten years younger, I would start all over again.
If I had enough money, I would first of all buy …
（分析时态）
If you had worked word, you would have easily passed the final test
If I had had enough money, I would have gone to the zoo with you.
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高考虚拟语气总结
一．概念：
虚拟语气是扯淡的句子。
我们在初中二年级学习过一个句子：If I were you, I would call him now.
虚拟语气有从句和主句。高考考的就是从句和主句里分别用的什么时态。
为什么用I were,而不用I was?因为我不是你，所以只能I were. If I had 5 million,I would buy a Lamborghini.
二．按时间分类
从句 主句 跟现在相反 were(did) would do 跟过去相反 had been(had done) would have done 跟将来相反 were to do would do Should do
首先记住一句话If I were you ,I would do it now.然后再进行推导。 高考考的最多的是跟过去相反。跟过去相反，主句从句中都有have的身影。
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