英语比较级的用法总结

☆形容词的比较级☆

当我们需要对事物作出比较时,需要用到比较级。

比较级的句子结构通常是:

什么 + 动词be (am , is , are ) + 形容词比较级 + than(比)+ 什么 ,如: I’m taller and heavier than you. (我比你更高和更重。)

An elephant is bigger than a tiger. (一只大象比一只老虎更大。) 形容词的比较级是在形容词的基础上变化而来的,它的变化规则是:

① 一般的直接在词尾加er ,如 tall - taller , strong - stronger , ② 以e结尾的,直接加r ,如 fine – finer ,

③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的,先改y为i再加er,如funny - funnier ④ 双写最后的字母再加er,如big – bigger, thin – thinner ,

hot – hotter

除此之外,还有几个特殊的单词,它的比较级和最高级都是不规则的,如: many / much(原形)– more(比较级)– most(最高级)

little / few(原形) – less (比较级)– least(最高级)

good(原形) – better(比较级) – best(最高级)

bad (原形) – worse(比较级) – worst(最高级)

far (原形) – further– furthest

附加:形容词的最高级变化类似于比较级,只是把词尾的er改成est,如: tall (原形)- taller (比较级)- tallest (最高级)

long(原形)- longer(比较级)- longest(最高级)

big (原形)- bigger(比较级)- biggest(最高级)

☆注意☆ 比较的两者应该是互相对应的可比较的东西。

典型错误:My hair is longer than you.(我的头发比你更长。)

比较的两者是我的头发、你(整个人),那么比较的对象就没有可比性。

应该改为:My hair is longer than yours. 或My hair is longer than your hair. 附:如果比较的两者是一样的时候,我们会用 as…as…这个词组,它的用法是:

什么+be+as+形容词原形+as+什么,意思是什么和什么一样……。如: I’m as tall as you.(我和你一样高。)

My feet are as big as yours.(我的脚和你的一样大。)

比较级专项练习

一、从方框中选出合适的单词完成句子

(1) How is the Yellow River?

(2) How is Mr Green? He’s 175cm.

(3) How are your feet? I wear size 18.

(4) How is the white T-shirt? It’s 100 yuan.

(5) How apples are there in the bag? There are 5.

(6) How is the fish? It’s 2kg.

二、根据句意写出所缺的单词

(1) I’m 12 years old. You’re 14. I’m than you.

(2) A rabbit’s tail is than a monkey’s tail.

(3) An elephant is than a pig.

(4) A lake is than a sea.

(5) A basketball is

than a football.

三、根据中文完成句子.

(1) 我比我的弟弟大三岁. I’m than my brother.

(2) 这棵树要比那棵树高. This tree than that one.

(3) 你比他矮四厘米. You are than he.

(4) 谁比你重? than you.

(5) 他比你更强壮. He is than you.

四、根据答句写出问句

(1) I’m 160 cm.

(2) I’m 12 years old.

(3) My shoes are 80 yuan.

(4) Amy’s hair is 30 cm long.

(5) I have three English books.

 

第二篇:英语冠词的用法总结

英语冠词的用法总结

英语的冠词a(an), the是每一个英语学习者在学习英语之初就遇到的一个十分重要的词性.由于英、汉两种语言用法的不同(汉语的名词前没有是否运用定冠词、不定冠词之区别,而英语中冠词的用与不用、用定冠词还是不定冠词对整个句子乃至上下文都会有很大的影响),中国的英语学习者对英语冠词的用法感到十分棘手.尽管英语冠词的用法有一些规律可寻,但又有太多的例外.这些例外或是由于上下文的需要,或是固定搭配,它们完全在我们所学的那些语法条文之外,这些都使得我们对英语冠词的使用望而生畏.本文将英语四级考试中常见、易错的冠词用法作一小结:

1.冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种,一种是定冠词(the Definite Article),另一种是不定冠词(the Indefinite Article),还有一种是零冠词(Zero Article)。

不定冠词a (an)与数词one 同源,是"一个"的意思。a用于辅音音素前,一般读作[e],而an则用于元音音素前,一般读做[en]。

1) 表示"一个",意为one;指某人或某物,意为a certain。

A Mr. Ling is waiting for you.

2) 代表一类人或物

A knife is a tool for cutting with.

Mr. Smith is an engineer.

定冠词the与指示代词this,that同源,有"那(这)个"的意思,但较弱,可以和一个名词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。

定冠词的用法:

1)特指双方都明白的人或物:

Take the medicine. 把药吃了。

2)上文提到过的人或事:

He bought a house. I've been to the house.

他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。

3)指世上独一物二的事物:

the sun, the sky, the moon, the earth

4)单数名词连用表示一类事物,如:the dollar 美元;

the fox 狐狸;或与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人:the rich 富人; the living 生者。

5)用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词only, very, same等前面: Where do you live? I live on the second floor. 你住在哪?我住在二层。 That's the very thing I've been looking for. 那正是我要找的东西。

6)与复数名词连用,指整个群体:

They are the teachers of this school.指全体教师)

They are teachers of this school. (指部分教师)

7)表示所有,相当于物主代词,用在表示身体部位的名词前: She caught me by the arm.. 她抓住了我的手臂。

8)用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前:

the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国

the United States 美国

9)用在表示乐器的名词之前: She plays the piano. 她会弹钢琴。

10) 用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人:

the Greens 格林一家人 (或格林夫妇)

11) 用在惯用语中:

in the day, in the morning (afternoon,evening), the day after tomorrow the day before yesterday, the next morning,

in the sky (water,field,country)

in the dark, in the rain, in the distance,

in the middle (of), in the end,

on the whole, by the way, go to the theatre

一、定冠词the_

1. 定冠词the和一个形容词连用,代表一类人.若其作主语,则其后的谓语动词用复数形式.如: He fired me, but, soon he was among the unemployed. 他解雇了我,但不久他也加入了失业大军.

The oppressed are doomed to fight against an unjust government. 被压迫的人民注定要反抗不公正的政府.

2. 由普通名词和另外一些词构成的专有名词前多数要加定冠词.如:

1) 某些国名前: the People's Republic of China, the United States, the Netherlands, the Philippines, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;=1>B?

2) 报纸名称前: The Washington Post 《华盛顿邮报》, The New York Times《纽约时报》, The Times 《泰晤士报》, The Observer 《观察家报》, The Daily Mail 《每日邮报》e6sxi

3) 某些节假日前: the Spring Festival春节, the Mid-Autumn Day中秋节VGG6>"

但也有一些这类专有名词前不加定冠词.如:

1) Trafalgar Square (英国伦敦)特拉法加广场, Tian'anmen Square 天安门广场

2) 节假日名称前: New Year's Day 新年, Lunar New Year's Day春节, National Day国庆节, May Day五一节, Carnival狂欢节,Easter复活节, Christmas圣诞节, Halloween万圣节, April Fools' Day愚人节

3) 杂志名称前: News Week 《新闻周刊》, Times 《时代》(周刊), Reader's Digest 《读者文摘》, English Language Teaching (Journal)《英语教学》, Beijing Review 《北京周报》

3. 一些乐器名称前面通常用the, 如play the guitar, play the piano.但在一些特殊的表达中不用the,如with Kenney Rogers on saxophone, with Miles Davis on trumpet.体育比赛的项目前也不加定冠词,如play chess, play volleyball / basketball.

4. 一年四季spring, summer, autumn /fall, winter 前,可用亦可不用定冠词,意思基本一样,但在美语中,通常为in the fall

5. 物质名词前一般不加定冠词,但当一些物质名词不用于一般意义,而表示该物质的特定部分,特别是当其有限制性定语时,常加定冠词.如:

It's not so cold today, let's take a walk in the snow. 今天不太冷,咱们去踏雪散散步吧. Is the water in this shallow well polluted,too? 这口浅井里的水也污染了吗?

Would you mind opening the window? The air is so bad in the classroom. 打开窗户你不介意吧?教室里的空气太不新鲜了.

The steel China produce in recent years is of much better quality, and can be used to the

manufacturing of cars' axis. 中国近些年生产的钢材质量好多了,可以用来制造车轴.

Hurry up! We must wipe off the dust on the chairs before the meeting. 快点!我们必须在会议开始前把椅子上的尘土擦掉.

6. 在一些介词短语的表达中(大多指击打、疼痛及类似的表达), the放在有关身体部位的名词前代替物主代词.试比较:

1) a. The pebble hit his face.

b. The pebble hit him in the face.

2) a. She had a dove on her shoulder.

b. She had a pain in the shoulder.

3) They pulled her by the hair

4) The teacher gave me a pat on the back.

7. the 不能与名词复数或不可数名词一起表示泛指的概念.试比较:

1) Life is hard for them. (泛指)

2) The life is hard for them. (确定指)

8. radio 和television两词用于类指时通常不用定冠词.如

Now, more playwrights are writing plays for television than for radio

但我们通常说listen to the radio, a news item on the radio,而看电视却可以说成是watch television.

二、不定冠词a(an)

1. what 后的感叹句中,若感叹的名词是可数名词单数,不定冠词a/an不能省略.如: What a horrible day!

2. a/an 用于指非独一无二的工作或职业.如

She is a teacher.

He's a bank manager.

但如果一个名词用作表语、同位语,表示某人当时或现在独一无二的职位或头衔时,通常其前不用冠词(间或用the).如:

He is Secretary of State, but he will be President of this small country.

As Chairman of the committee, he will declare the opening of the meeting.

3. 疾病名称通常被认为是不可数的,因此,其前通常不加冠词.如:

The three Brontè sisters died of tuberculosis. 简氏三姐妹均死于肺结核.

She's had appendicitis. 她得了阑尾炎.

In the first half of last century, many children died of measles. 上世纪前半叶,许多孩子死于麻疹.

但谈到cold, 我们通常说a cold, 如 catch a cold, have (get) a cold.

同样我们说a stomachache, a headache.如:

I've got a headache today. 但其他的ache(backache, toothache, earache, etc)在英国英语中均不可数,无须任何冠词

以上所列举的均是一些与冠词有关、有规律可寻的用法,但英语中也有为数不少的固定短语,它们或用冠词,或不用冠词(可称为零冠词),或用定冠词,或用不定冠词,其中没有任何规律可寻.我们将这些称为习惯搭配.下面就是大学英语四级考试中常遇到的一些固定搭配、或与冠词有关的表达,希望同学们在平时的英语学习中能多加注意.

1. 习惯用定冠词的表达

by the way, on the whole, in the end, on the way to, tell the truth, on the right / left, in the possession of, be in the habit of doing sth., on the spot, the day before yesterday, in the distance, in

the case of, for the time being, at the hands of, in the front of, be in the dark, at the back of, to the extent of等.

2. 习惯用不定冠词的表达

as a matter of fact, as a rule, be in a position to, a matter of course, all of a sudden, be at a loss, have a chance, have a good time, have a hand in, have a say, have a try, keep an eye on, on a large scale, with a firm hand, take a fancy to, be in a hurry, take a walk, take an interest in等.

3. 习惯用零冠词的表达

at noon/night/dawn/midnight, in town, in front of, at bottom, in order, in peace, at hand, at home, at last, at present, at stake, at war, by way of, day and night, without result, on top of, in trouble, in sight, from beginning to end, in advance, in haste, in danger, in case(of), in possession of, in fashion, in fact, take part in, take place等.

以上所列固定词组有时无法解释为什么用或不用冠词,因此在日常的学习中我们不妨将它们当作成语来记忆和使用.若能将这些有关的知识掌握并加以运用,相信会为我们的英语学习带来许多方便.

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