Internship summary

A wide spread saying goes that: Roma was not built in a day. It is the same with English translation. Here comes the forth internship of English during my university years, which is called the English translation skill internship. It aims at consolidating and improving the ability of translating. At the same time it will strengthen and promote students’ integrated skills of using English in the real situation. It is widely accepted by the public that knowledge starts from practice. Being an armchair strategist does not work in learning. The best to improve ourselves is to put our knowledge into practice.

As we all known, we have practiced the translation for 3 weeks. At the time, I have already translated the Chinese to English with each other text. At first, I follow the principles and the practice contents by the teachers who make a detail program direct us to go on the whole task naturally and smoothly. It is no doubt that they promote us to improve our translation skills and make us know more about the difference between Chinese and English culture. And it is very important of practice in translation that we have an unforgettable experience.

In a highly informational and globalization of the modern society, the translation has been playing a more and more important role. To master English translation skill well means you will gain a strong foothold in the future working world. During the three weeks we have both practical material translation and simultaneous interpretation training. Although we studied English for many years and had taken for granted that we could translate academic papers related with our majors, in fact, it’s not an easy thing to do it well.

For what I did in the past few weeks, I have concluded some skills for the translation. First of all, to get better understanding about the principles of translation one should master professional knowledge well. In other words, if you are not familiar with the language you are studying, it is scarcely impossible for you to translate an article, not to mention the appreciation of it. Secondly, in the course of translation, correct understating is the prerequisite of correct expression. In theory, the

translator’s understanding towards original work has no end. The more profound, the better. Then the third thing to be considered is the style of the practical materials, which requires the respect for original work when translating. Different written works have their own different styles and you should try your best to follow the written style. Last but not least, practice makes perfect, which requires you to do translation works as much as possible. The practice can be divided into two categories, direct and indirect practice. The so-called direct practice means you have to translate by yourself. As for indirect experiences, you need to study other people’s translation works and make comparison. In spite of hard working, I truly feel that translation is really a tough job. However, the hardness you bear today will definitely turn to be the sweetness in the future.

In this period, I also learn that I have some disadvantages of translation in practice, certainly, I suffer from many difficulties which will be obstructed me to get a great grade. However, I make a comment on my process of translation so that I make a conclusion that I am really make an obvious improvement. Especially, when the new words that I have never seen but I come across, it will be driven me to look up the electronic dictionary. Just this, it could force me to finish the translation text slowly and not efficiently. And it causes me to misunderstand true meaning of the whole chapter by dispersing the sentences from the chapter. Sometimes, I look my translation text as a rigid passage which seems to betray the original meaning from making up the sentences by me thoroughly. After that, I gradually find that it is really easy to me to translate by understanding the chapter in the book and write them seriously and think twice on one chapter.

As for the simultaneous interpretation, which means translating the speaker’s speech almost simultaneously, is used for international conferences, seminars and so on. Simultaneous interpretation makes a feature of professional and academic. Some people may think simultaneous interpretation is just a simple thing when you are proficient in the language and are quick-minded. However, if you can’t grasp the real meaning of the speech and just do simple conversion, you may fail. I think, to be a good simultaneous interpreter, you should have the following abilities. To begin with,

memory ability is very important. Memory ability includes short-term memory and long-term memory. And short-term memory creates the probability of simultaneous interpretation. The interpreter should memory the sentences in the limited time, or the short-term memory will disappear quickly. But the interpreter needs long-term memory to get rid of simple conversion. And also, long-term memory can help interpreters grasp the spokesman’s meaning well and truly. Then, interpreters should have the ability to predict the sentences and understand the speech in advance. Although the interpreter speaks after the spokesman, they also can catch up with the speed of spokesman. The decisive factors of prediction ability are language skills and the scope of knowledge. Furthermore, strain capacity is necessary in simultaneous interpretation. The interpreter can’t avoid suffering unexpected difficulties. For example, when missing some words, the interpreter should complement the sentence according to the specific circumstance. When the prediction is opposite to the original sentences, the interpreter should not translate again but add an explanation in time. Finally, we talk about storage capacity. In order to insure the fluency of simultaneous interpretation, the interpreter should store one or more conception that spokesman refers to. Because of there are many differences between Chinese and English, interpreters usually need adjust the structure of sentences. As a result, the storage capacity is very important for interpreters.

In a word, it is necessary to work hard and make a success in the translation internship. Certainly, I should not consider I would make an enormous achievement in the translation. However, it adds my experience to improve the level of English, especially my translation skills. As a student who is learning English in the university, I have already fulfilled my practice perfectly and attained many surprised outcomes in the process. Therefore, I believe that I can overcome the difficulties whatever I once suffered from and just I want to change that it will be improved by my own hands. The English internship will help me make better progress in English learning, and I really thank for such wonderful chance for us to have access to advanced devices aiming at help with our interpret skills and for Miss.Duan being so patient to us.

 

第二篇：翻译技巧总结

1. 句子内部指代的翻译

当代词与其所指代的对象在同一划线句中时，一般来可以将代词译为相对应的代词。但是如果前面出现多个名词，而且从数量、性质等方面很难判断代词的指代，则最好将代词翻译成相对应的名词。

98 71) But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.

结构分析：这是一个复合句. But even more important是整个句子的状语，it was the

farthest是主句，that scientists had been able to look into the past是修饰the farthest的定语从句，for引导原因状语从句（参见19xx年71题），在这个状语从句中，what they were seeing是主语从句，were the patterns and structures是状语从句中的系表结构，that existed…是修饰名词patterns and structures的定语从句。

译 文： 但更为重要的是，这是科学家们所能观察到的最遥远的过去的景象，因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。

01 71) There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.

结构分析：这是一个复合句。There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors是主句，其中hosted by robots是过去分词短语做television chat shows的后置定语，with pollution monitors是介词短语修饰cars；that will disable them是定语从句，修饰pollution monitors ；when they offend是时间状语从句，修饰动词disable。

译 文： 届时，将出现由机器人主持的电视谈话节目以及装有污染监控器的汽车，一旦这些汽车排

污超标(违规)，监控器就会使其停驶。

01 74) But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration:"It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.

结构分析：这是一个复合句。But that is only the start of man-machine integration是主句，其中有一个插入语Pearson points out。It will be the beginning of the long process of integration是直接引语中的主句，that引导定语从句修饰名词integration， before the end of the next century是介词短语作状语。.

译 文： 但皮尔森指出，这个突破仅仅是人机一体化的开始："它是人机一体化漫长之路的第一步，最终会使人们在下世纪末之前就研制出完全电子化的仿真人。"

2. 句外指代的翻译

A．对于指代具体某个或几个名词的词，一定要搞清楚他指代的内容，译文中用代词表示不清的就用名词来表达，哪怕是罗嗦一点也一定要多用名词，只有在明显清楚或者找不到合适的名词才用代词。P8-74

01 74) But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: "It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.

结构分析：这是一个复合句。But that is only the start of man-machine integration是主句，其中有一个插入语Pearson points out。It will be the beginning of the long process of integration是直接引语中的主句，that引导定语从句修饰名词integration， before the end of the next century是介词短语作状语。.

译 文： 但皮尔森指出，这个突破仅仅是人机一体化的开始："它是人机一体化漫长之

路的第一步，最终会使人们在下世纪末之前就研制出完全电子化的仿真人。"

02 64)They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements.

结构分析：这是一个复合句。主句是由两个并列的分句构成的：They are…, and they are；in which引导定语从句，修饰practices，其中is held responsible for … and given credit for …并列做定语从句的谓语，given前面省略了助动词is。

译 文： 自由和尊严（它们）是传统理论定义的自主人所拥有的，是要求一个人对自己的行为负责并因其业绩而给予肯定的必不可少的前提。

B． 若是代词指代的内容为前面的某个句子，需要总结，则在翻译的时候可以以模糊对模糊，根据具体情况将该代词译为“这种问法，这种说法，这个问题，这种做法…”P7-71 97 71) Actually, it isn't, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.

结构分析：这是一个多重复合句。Actually,是副词做状语，修饰整个句子，it isn't,是主句，在because引导的原因状语从句中，that引导宾语从句，which引导非限制性定语从句修饰名词an agreed account，而the world does not have是省略了从句引导词that的定语从句，修饰something。

译 文： 事实并非如此，因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有共同认识为基础的，而这种共同认识并不存在。

“It isn't”看来非常简单，但真正翻译起来却不那么容易，因为它有两个难点：一是代词It指代什么？二是Isn’t 后面省略了什么？如果只是译成简单的“它不是”，译者和读者恐怕都会觉得莫名其妙。前面说过，弄清楚代词的指代内容一定要参见前文，而现在句中还有省略，那就更应该参见前文了。前面说“动物有权利吗？问题经常这样提出，这种提问方式听上去是一种有用的、能把问题讲清楚的开场白。” 句中的it 应该和前文中提到的it一样都表示“这种提问”，isn’t后面省略的内容也应该和前句的一样。因此这个句子补充完整之后就成了it isn’t a useful, ground-clearing way to start.由于表语太长，重复显得罗嗦，我们这里可以抓住最关键的词，而形容词ground-clearing（把问题讲清楚的）正好是这个关键词，所以补充的简单一点就是it isn’t a ground-clearing way，译成“这种提问并没有把问题讲清楚”。 英语人名,地名,可以查找工具书,比如英汉辞典等等

中级口译的人名地名的翻译相对来说是比较简单的,我们翻译人名,地名必须遵循"音译"的原则.必须注意的是:

1) 用音译,慎用意译

如:人名Wall, Sleep,译成:"沃尔"与"斯利普",不可译成"墙"与"睡".地名China同样不可译成"陶瓷",这也是众所周知的事了

2) 人名中姓和名之间,用圆点间隔,如John Thomas Smith "约翰.托马斯.史密斯".

3) 要熟记一些常用的译名

比如:Franklin Roosevelt 罗斯福 Winston Churchill 邱吉尔

Napoleon 拿破仑 Aristotle 亚里士多德

Socrates 苏格拉底 New York 纽约

New Orleans 新奥尔良 Los Angeles 洛杉矶

Detroit 底特律 Chicago 芝加哥

平时就多看看有关资料,也不一定要全背出,只是心里要留个底儿,这样就不会闹笑话了词在不同语境的翻译技巧在我们的翻译教程之中第12页,就有关于see在不同语境情况之下

的不同翻译,这说明要准

确的译出文章中关键词的意思,首先要注意语境的把握和上下文的搭配关系

1) company的翻译

He is fond of company.

他爱交朋友

Two is company, but three is none.

两人成伴,三人不欢

Among the company was an old man.

这群人中有位老人

Who keeps company with the wolf , will learn to howl.

跟狼在一起,就会学会狼叫("近墨者黑".)

I fell into company with him . 我偶然与他相识 Misery loves company. 同病相怜

The host amused the company with singing .

主人用歌唱来招待宾客

He is employed in an electronic company.

他在一家电器公司工作

2) 红与red的译法

英语中有red

She was dressed in red.

她身穿红衣

When he started criticizing my work , I really saw red.

他竟批评起我的工作来了,我立即火冒三丈

定语从句在英语中大量出现.有长有短,结构有繁有简,对先行词的限制有强有弱,有时起着补充说明的作用,或者在逻辑上表示原因,目的,条件,让步和结果等等意义.因此对定语从句的翻译显得尤其重要,以下我将介绍给大家一些定语从句翻译的技巧

1) 压缩法

把英语的定语从句压缩成汉语的一个句子成分,也就是译成汉语中带"的"词组,当定语从句叫简短,则把这个带"的"汉语定语词组置于被修辞的词语之前

No doubt there are questions or principles involved which can not be ignored and

underestimated.

无疑,这里涉及人们不能忽视或低估的原则问题

Law offers us our best hope of overcoming the differences that prevail the world.

法律使我们对克服世界上普遍存在的分歧有了最大的希望

But Miggle's laugh , which was very infectious , broke the silence.

但是,密格尔的富有感染力的笑声打破了沉默

The deterioration of the international situation , which I noted in the introduction to the annual report last year , has continued.

我在去年的年度报告导言中提到的那种国际形势的恶化一直在继续

2) 拆译法

如果定语从句冗长复杂,不论是限制性的或是非限制性的,往往可以译成并列句,放在主

句的前后,偶尔还可以完全脱离主句而独立成句

He will show her the place where they could make her look a proper dame----for next to nothing .

他可以带她到那个地方,在哪儿他们会把她打扮成一个漂亮的少女,而且花不了几个钱 I told the news to Robert, who told it to his friend Larry and soon the news spread all over the campus.

我把消息告诉了罗伯特,他又告诉了他的朋友莱里,消息很快在校园里传开了

They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which in the past ,many Chinese have laid down their lives.

他们在为实现一个理想而奋斗,这个理想是每个中国人所珍爱的,许多中国人曾为之献出自己的生命

He had talked to Vice-President Nixon, who assured him that everything that could be done would be done.

他和副总统尼克松谈过话,副总统向他保证,凡是能够做到的,一定尽力去办.

3) 转译法

英语中有些定语从句在逻辑上对主句起着状语的作用,说明原因,目的,结果,条件和让步等等关系.汉译时应从原文的字里行间审定这些逻辑关系,然后译成汉语相应的偏正复句. The strike would prevent the docking of ocean steamships , which require assistance of tugboats.

罢工使远洋轮不能靠岸,因为靠岸需要拖船的帮助

Chinese trade delegations have been sent to African countries , who will negotiate trade agreement with the respective government.

中国派出贸易代表团前往非洲各国,以便与这些国家的政府商谈贸易协定

My uncle , who will be seventy tomorrow , is still a keen sportsman .

尽管我大伯明天就满70岁了,但他仍然热衷于户外运动 <补充材料>

So, let us , in these next five days , start a long march together , not in lockstep, but on different roads leading to the same goal , the goal of building a world structure of peace and

justice in which all may stand together with equal dignity and in which each nation ,large or small , has a right to determine its own form of government , free from outside interference or domination. 因此,让我们在今后的5天里一起开始一次长征吧,不是在一起迈步,而是在不同的道路上向着同一个目标前进.这个目标就是建立一个和平和正义的世界结构,使所有的人都在一起享有同等的尊严,使每一个国家,不论大小,都有权决定自己政府的形式,而不受外来的干涉和统治.

THE IMPORTANCE OF SCIENTIFIC EXPERIMENTS

The rise of modern science may perhaps be considered to date as far back as the time of

Roger Bacon , the wonderful monk and philosopher of Oxford , who lived between the years 1214 and 1292. He was probably the first in the middle ages to assert that we must learn science by observing and experimenting on the things around us ,and he himself made many remarkable discoveries. Galileo, however , who lived more than 300 years later(1564 to 1642), was the

greatest of several great men , who in Italy, France , Germany , or England , began by degrees to show how many important truths could be discovered by well-directed observation. Before the time of Galileo, learned men believed that large bodies fall more rapidly towards the earth than

small ones , because Aristotle said so . But Galileo, going to the top of the leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two unequal stones , and proved to some friends , whom he had brought there to see his experiment, that Aristotle was in error. It is Galileo's spirit of going direct to Nature, and verifying our opinions and theories by experiment , that has led to all the great discoveries of modern science.

科学实验的重要性现代科学的兴起也许要追溯到罗杰.培根的时代.罗杰,培根是牛津杰出的僧侣和哲学家,他出生于12xx年,死于12xx年.他可能是中世纪第一个提出我们必须通过对周围事物进行观察和实验来学习科学的人,他自己也有许多卓越的发现.然而,生活在三百多年之后的伽利略(1564-1642),却是好几个伟大人物中最伟大的一个,这些人在意大利,法国,德国和英国开始逐步使人们看到许多重要的真理是可以通过掌握得当的观察去发现的,在伽利略之前,学者们相信大的物体掉到地面比小的物体要快,因为亚里士多德是这样说的.可是,伽利略登上比萨斜塔的顶端,让两块体积不相等的石头同时落地,从而向一些他带去观看实验的朋友们证明亚里士多德错了.正是伽利略的这种直接到大自然中去通过实验来证明我们的判断和理论的精神,导致了现代科学的伟大发现

英语和汉语的大多数词类在互译时均可转换,其中常见的有以下几种

1) 动词-----名词的相互转译

They are waiting for a sight of the Vice President passing by.

他们在等候观看副总统经过那儿

We can house you if the hotels are full.

如果旅馆都客满了,我们可以给你提供住处

Now , nobody wants to seem to claim superiority, and an agreeable effect of this is the greater informality of relationships all round.

现在没有人妄自尊大,其令人愉快的效果是,四周围关系更加随便融洽

2) 形容词----副词的相互转译

Nowadays, children may be happy to read novels in a clean library.

现在,孩子们会十分高兴地在干净的图书馆看书

On this question , people of different age groups think differently.

关于这个问题,不同年龄组的人有不同的想法

In the ten years since normalization , we have witnessed the rapid expansion of the relations between our two countries.

自关系正常化以来的xx年里,我们看到了两国关系发展迅速

3) 介词---动词 介词with的动词化译法 She saw a brook with red flowers and green grass on both sides . 她看到一条小溪,两岸长着红花绿草

The dog slunk away with his tail between his legs.

狗夹着尾巴偷偷地走开了

Any man with eyes in his head can see that he is exactly like a pole.

任何头上长眼睛的人都看得出,他完全像根竹竿

<补充练习>

The shape of the world is changing almost as dramatically as this city's skyline. Today the cold war is over . The risk of the global nuclear conflict has been greatly reduced and the free flow of goods and ideas is bringing to life the concept of a global village. But just as all nations can benefit

from the promise of this new world , no nation is immune to its perils. We all have a stake in building peace and prosperity, and in confronting threat that respects no borders---terrorism and drug trafficking, disease and environmental destruction.

To meet these challenges most effectively, China and the United States must act in concert. Some argue that with the Cold War's end , the strategic importance of the US-China relationship has diminished . I believe they have it exactly backwards. As a new century begins , the

importance of strengthening the ties between the United States and China will grow even greater.世界的面貌正在发生引人注目的变化,其变化之快几乎就像这座城市的空中轮廓.今天,冷战已经结束.全球核冲突的危险性已大大减小,商品和思想的交流正在激发地球村的概念.难事,正如世界各国会受益于这个新世界的美好前景,没有一个国家能免遭其祸害.缔造和平与繁荣,抵御不分国界的诸多威胁---恐怖主义,贩毒,疾病和环境破坏,这些与我们大家都有着利害关系.为了最有效地迎接这些挑战,中国和美国必须协力行动.有些人说,随着冷战的结束,美中关系的战略意义已经减弱了.我认为这些人刚好说反了.随着新世纪的开始,加强美国和中国的联系,其重要性将变得更大.

 

第三篇：课堂教学技能总结报告

四个月的实习让每个实习生都改变不少，我也不例外。现在回想起来，实习前与实习后在教学方面相差很多，现在我就来谈一谈自己在课堂教学技能方面的感受。

一，导入技能。“万事开头难”，在教学活动中，一堂课的导入直接关系到整堂活动的成败。精彩的导入可能在第一时间抓住孩子的心，把他们吸引到课堂活动中来。刚来实习时，只是使用?开门见山”的方法导入，但是数学本来就枯燥无味，又加上他们基础差，所以需要花费很长时间才能进入状态。所以“开门见山”并不适合这里的学生。经过一段时间的工作与听课学习，现在我能根据课堂学习的需要选择适当的导入活动，吸引住孩子们兴趣。那是七年级第十章数据的收集、整理与描述的第一节课，其中在收集数据时需要一个调查问卷，即“你最喜爱的电视节目是哪个？A新闻、B体育、C动画、D娱乐、E戏曲。”我找来一个画画比较好的学生，在小黑板的左边画了一只兔子，右边画了一台电视机，电视框架里写着调查问卷。上课时，孩子们一看到小黑板，眼睛一亮，注意力一下子集中到了小黑板上，饶有兴趣的听课，配合很好。一般数学课是枯燥无味的，整堂课都在和数字打交道，所以稍微有点新意的东西就能抓住孩子的心，吸引他们的注意力，使教学有这好的开始。

二、讲授技能。乡镇中学孩子基础差，只有反复讲，细讲每个部分，他们才能跟上，才能一直认真听一下。经过实习自己可以基本做到，把握教学目标，讲授清晰，讲授内容从实际出发，深入浅出。在不等式组讲解中，我由一个一家三口玩跷跷板的问题引入，通过大家对跷跷板的理解列出两个不等式，然后根据题意，找出符合两个不等式的解，这样可以结合实际通过求不等式的解，得到不等式组的解。有已知推出未知，联系实际，说明问题，一步一步推进，得出不等式组解集的四种情况。

三、提问技能。通过一段时间的学习，我在课堂提问方面有所提高。现在的问题设置由易到难，使程度差的学生也参加到课堂中来，增强他们的自信。问题的设置还要注意具有开发性，“对不对”“是不是”“好不好”这些应该减少，提出更多开放性提问，如“为什么”“怎么办”，这样可以逼迫他们开动脑筋，久而久之，养成动脑的好习惯。比如在讲平行线的判定中，三个判定定理是必须要记住的，“读书百遍其义自见”，对于程度差的学生，先让他们记住这几句话，上课时，对于程度差的同学先进行判定定理的提问，增强他们的自信心，使他们也参加要课堂活动中来，激发他们学习的兴趣，对于程度好的学生，可以在有些难度的判定中进行提问。

四、互动技能。新课标实行以后，学生的主体地位更加突出。课堂不属于老师，是孩子们展示自己的舞台，教师也只是起引导作用。所以每节课要提供机会给学生，通过师生互动，生生互动，让每个学生都参加要课堂学习中来。在二元一次方程组的讲解中，为了训练学生的做题速度和正确率，我在黑板上出了几道解二元一次方程组的题，由易到难，由学生在黑板上书写解题过程，下面同学做完之后同桌之间交换，评判正误，并打出分数，上面如有做错，下面同学可举手改正错误，这样培养了学生的竞争意识，生生互动，同时增进同学间的感情。

五、调控技能，七年级学生刚从六年级步入初中，容易受外界的影响，课堂上难免有突发状况，通过这段时间的锻炼，我在课堂调控方面有了一定把握。在课堂不能因为一个人耽误全班的学生，影响授课进度。例如，有一次上数学课，有几个同学状态不好，无精打采，如果对这几个人罚站，可能伤到他们的自尊心。于是我让全体同学起立，谁回答对一个问题谁就可以坐下，这样既可以让学生集中精神，又可以激起他们的竞争意识，达到活跃课堂气氛的目的。六、反思技能。反思是个很重要的过程，一堂课讲的好不好，优点和缺点各是什么都是在课堂反思中总结出来的。知道了自己的教学缺点才能及时改正，获得进步，明白了自己的教学优点才能继续保持。

这宝贵的四个月时间使我们收获很多，虽然实习生活有酸，有苦，但是这些宝贵的经验是无价的，这对我们以后工作会有很大帮助。感谢魏县牙里镇中学，感谢河北师大给了我们这次实习的机会，我们一定努力做一名好老师。