情态动词用法总结

情态动词:不能单独作谓语

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1. must、have/has to的用法

? have/ has to强调客观需要,意为 “必须,不得不”;must用于表示主观看法,意为“必须,应该”

? Must you come here for class or do you have to?

? ★ 以must开头的疑问句,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to ? ---Must I finish the homework today?

? ---Yes, you must.

? ---No, you don’t have to/needn’t.

? must not (mustn’t)表示禁止

? No parking.

? You must not (mustn’t) park here.

I’m sorry. I ___ go now. My father told me on the phone that my mother was ill. (05厦门)

A. can B. may C. have to D. think

2. need的用法

? need to do实义动词,need do情态动词,意为“需要”

? The sheep need to fight with the wolves.

? (The sheep don’t need to fight with the wolves.)

? The sheep need fight with the wolves.

? (The sheep need not fight with the wolves.)

? ★ 用need提问,肯定回答用must, 否定回答用needn’t

? ---Need I return home by ten?

? ---Yes, you must.

? ---No, you needn’t.

“Where’s my umbrella?” “It’s fine today. You ___ take an umbrella with you.”(06新疆)

A. can’t B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn't 只作情态动词:must, can, could, may, might 既作情态动词也作实义动词:need 既作情态动词也作助动词:will, would, shall, should 具有情态动词的某些特征:have to, ought to, had better 情态动词的特征 有一定的词义,但不能单独作谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词连用,构成谓语 无人称和数的变化(除have to) The little girl has to sell matches. 后接动词原形 The little girl has to sell matches. 具有助动词的作用,可用于构成否定句、疑问句及简明回答 ---Can you play ping-pong? ---Yes, I can./ No, I can’t.

---I don’t mind telling you what I know.

---You __. I’m not asking you for it.(06济南)

A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. may not D. can’t

3. can、could的用法

? 表示能力,意为“能,会”

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? Can you play badminton? 表示请求或允许,多用于口语中,意为“可以”,相当于may,can的语气强于could You can go now. Could you give me a hand? 以can、could开头的问句,肯定、否定回答仍用can、could

? ---Could she swim when she was a child?

? ---Yes, she could./No, she couldn't.

We hope that as many people as possible ___ join us for the charity show tomorrow.(08苏州)

A. need B. can C. must D. should

---___ you friend play the guitar?

---Yes, he can, but he can’t play it well.(06广西)

A. Must B. Can C. Should D. Need

4. may、might的用法

? 表示请求、许可,意为“可以”,may的语气强于might

? May I borrow your book?

? I asked her if I might leave.

? ★ may表示请求时,主语为第一人称的一般疑问句,肯定回答用may,其否定回答

用mustn’t,表示“不许,禁止”

? ---May I go now?

? ---Yes, you may.

? ---No, you mustn’t.

---Is Mr. Brown driving here?

---I’m not sure. He ____ come by train.(08安徽)

A. may B. shall C. need D. must

---May I put my bike here?

---No, you ___. You should put it over there.(04北京)

A. couldn’t B. needn’t

C. mustn’t D. won’t

5. will、would、shall、should (ought to)的用法

? shall用于第一人称表示征求意见询问

? Shall we have dinner at that restaurant?

? should、ought to表示义务、责任,“应该”

? We should/ought to obey our parents.

? We shouldn’t/ought not to sleep in class.

We ___ keep the new traffic law and learn how to protect ourselves.(08湖北)

A. may B. should C. can D. need

6. will、would用于第二人称表示征求意见询问,也可表达现在的意愿,will的语气强于would

? Will you pass me the book?

? I would do anything for you.

? would表示过去习惯性的动作,相当于used to

? I would go to the gym every week during my college years.

= I used to go to the gym every week during my college years.

7. had better的用法

? 表示最好做某事 ,否定为had better not

? You’d better ask him to stop laughing.

? He’d better not laugh any more.

The baby is too young. You ___ give her big pieces of food.(08沈阳)

A. may B. must C. may not D. must not

Tony ___ go to the opera on Saturday because he’s going to have a meeting.(08天津)

A. can’t B. might C. mustn’t D. should

---Tom, don’t drive too fast, you ___ hit the others’ cars.

---Ok, I won’t, Mum.(04乌鲁木齐)

A. must B. need C. may D. have to

---Must I do the work now?

---No, you ____. You may do it later.(07四川)

A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t

表推测的情态动词的用法

对现在或将来的行为的推测(情态动词+动词原形)

? must表示“肯定”推测,只用于肯定句

Xi Yangyang must be a boy.

? can, could, may, might用于肯定句中,表示“可能”推测,语气由强到弱

The dictionary may be there.

It might rain this evening.

I’m sure this book ___ Li Lei’s, because there is his name on it.(08吉林)

A. can’t be B. may be

C. might be D. must be

? can, could, may, might用于否定句中,can’t, couldn’t 表示“不可能”,may not,

might not表示“可能不”,

He can’t be there.

The news may not be true.

? 表推测的把握性程度由低到高为might →may →could →can →should →ought to

→would →will →must

---Listen! Is Professor Bloom giving a speech in class?

---No, it ___ be him. He has gone to France.(08潍坊)

A. may not B. mustn’t

C. needn’t D. can’t

---Who’s that boy reading in the garden? Is that David?

---It ___ be David. I saw him in the classroom just now.(08重庆)

A. must B. can’t C. may D. shouldn’t

---Will you answer the telephone? It ___ be your mother.

---Sorry. I ____. I’m busy.(08山东)

A. can; mustn’t B. will; can’t

C. may; can’t D. need; will

Four hundred dollars for a pair of shoes, you ___ be joking!(08杭州)

A. may B. can C. need D. must

 

第二篇:情态动词用法总结

情态动词用法总结

can 表示能力,意为 “能 会”

表示推测, 意为 “可能”, 常用于否定句和疑问句中

表示请求, 允许, 意为“可以”

could can 的过去式,意为“能、会”, 表示过去的能力

在疑问句中表示委婉请求

may 表示请求、许可,意为“可以”

表示推测,常用于肯定句中,意为“可能、也许”

might may的过去式

表示推测,常用于肯定句中,意为“ 可能、也许 ”

must 表示主观看法,意为“必须、应该”

表示有把握的推测,用语肯定句

need 表示需要、必须,主要用于否定句和疑问句中

should 意为“ 应该”, 表示要求和命令

表示劝告、建议

had better 意为 “最好”,表示建议

used to 意为 “过去常常,表示过去的动作、行为

知识梳理

情态动词有具体的词义,但也同助动词一样,需要与其他词语一起构成句子的谓语,另外情态动词没有人称和数的变化,情态动词后必须跟动词原形。 考点一 can ,may, must 等情态动词在陈述句中的用法

1.can 的用法

(1) 表示能力、许可、可能性。 表示能力时一般译为“能、会”, 即有种能力,尤其是生来具备的能力,此时may 和must 均不可代替它。如:

She can swim fast, but I can’t . 她能游得很快,但我不能。 I can see with my eyes. 我用眼睛看。

(2) 表示可能、能够。 如:

I can finish it in an hour. 我能在一小时后完成它。

(3)表示许可,常在口语中。如:

You can use my dictionary. 你可以用我的字典。

(4) 表示推测,意为“可能”, 常用于否定句和疑问句中, 此时can’t 译为“ 不可能”。 如:

Can the news be true? 这个消息会是真的吗?

----Can it be our teacher?

那个人有可能是我们老师吗?

----No, it can’t be our teacher. He is on a visit to the Great Wall. 不可能。咱们老师正在游览长城呢。

例 --- I think Miss Gao must be in the library. She said she would go there. ----- No. She __ be there, I have just been there.

A.can’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.wouldn’t

2. could的用法

(1) can的过去式, 意为“ 能、 会” , 表示过去的能力。 如:

He could write poems when he was 10. 他十岁时就会写诗。

(2) could 在疑问句中, 表示委婉的语气, 此时 could 没有过去式的意思 Could you do me a favour? 你能帮我个忙吗?

---Could I use your pen? 我能用一下你的钢笔吗?

--Yes, you can. 可以。

3. may的用法

(1)表示请求、许可, 比can 正式, 如:

May I borrow your bike? 我可以借你的自行车吗?

You may go home now. 现在你可以回家了。

----_______ I borrow your MP3?

-----Sure . Here you are.

A. May B.Should C.Must D. Would

(2) 表示推测,谈论可能性,意为“ 可能, 或许”,一般用于肯定句中。 如: It may rain tomorrow . 明天可能会下雨。

She may be at home. 她可能在家呢.

(3) may的过去式为might ,表示推测时。可能性低于may 。 如: He is away from school. He might be sick.

他离开学校了, 可能是他生病了。

4. must的用法

(1) must 表示主观看法,意为“必须、一定”。 如:

You must stay here until I come back.

在我回来之前你必须呆在这儿。

Must I hand in my homework right now?

我必须现在交作业吗?

(2) 其否定形式mustn’t 表示“ 一定不要 ” “千万别” “禁止, 不许”. 如: You mustn’t play with fire. 你不许玩火。

You mustn’t be late. 你一定不要迟到。

(3)对must引导的疑问句,肯定回答为must, 否定回答为needn’t 或 don’t have to .

---Must I finish my homework?

我现在必须完成作业吗?

---No, you needn’t.

不,你不必。

(4)must 表示有把握的推测,用于肯定句。如:

The light is on, so he must be at home now.

灯亮着, 他现在肯定在家。

注意其反意问句的构成形式:

当must 表示 肯定的判断、推测时,其反意疑问句要用实际问句的助动词来构成。

She must have finished writing, hasn’t she?

她一定已经写完了, 不是吗?

5. need的用法

(1) need 表示需要、必须,主要用于否定句和疑问句中,其否定形式为needn’t 意为“没有必要,不必”。 用need 提问时,肯定回答为 must,否定回

答为 needn’t 。 如:

----Need I stay here any longer? 我还有必要留在这儿吗?

----Yes, you must . 是的。

-----No. you needn’t . 不, 你不必。

(2) need 还可以作实义动词,此时有人称、数和时态的变化, 后边多接动词不定式。如:

I need to do it right now. 我需要马上做这件事。

He needs to learn more about the girl. 他需要多了解那个女孩。

6. should的用法

(1) should 意为“应该” , 可表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等。 如: We should protect the environment. 我们应该保护环境。

(2) should (would)like to do sth. 表示“想要、愿意做某事”,常用于口语中。如:

I should (would) like to go with you . 我愿意和你一起去。

Would you like to go with me? 你想和我一起去吗?

(3) Should have done 表示对过去动作的责备、批评。 如: You should have finished your homework.

你应该已经完成作业了。(事实上你没有完成。)

7. had better 的用法

had better 意为“最好”,没有人称的变化,后面接不带to 的不定式,其否定形式为: had better not。如:

We had better go now. 我们最好现在就走。

You had better not give the book to him.

你最好不要把这本书给他。

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