Unit 2 Text A

1. Why won’t oil prices rise at all over the long time?

Firstly, because producers need the cash from oil too much to let their supply be interrupted for long. Secondly，and more important, because demand growth can't push prices upward as long as it is balanced by supply growth.

2. Why can’t the members of the OPEC raise oil prices?

Because if they do，non-OPEC sources will grab market share by

developing fields where technology has made production affordable.

3. Why have most majors cut their costs on oil?

Because technology lets the companies maintain healthy earnings at steadily lower oil prices.

4. Who takes a lead in the oil companies?

Those that master technology and efficiency, such as Shell, Exxon, and British Petroleum.

1. In the first year of peace, Lebanon’s GDP A. flew B. hovereed D. decreased

2. SAIC’s previous A. conflicts B. struggles C. skates A. seized B. snapped D. sneaked

4. Although Chicago has better than some cities, unemployment remains a problem. B. charged C. offered jobs D. provided welfare White this time. A. calculate B. rate C. consider B. ridicule C. susceptible D. harmful

B. sensible C. susceptible D. harmful

more persuasively.

A. Rather than C. Less than D. Short for

Text B

1. It in and out of ports, along our busiest highways and through our most crowded cities.

A. sneaks B. jerks C. crawls A. gaped C. glared D. ogle

B. poked C. prompted D. prodded A. corralled C. rid D. confined A. stand B. persist D. consist

6. An evaporation system is used to heat from the sun and protect the shuttle’s electronics.

A. squander B. waste C. accumulate of his own reflection. B. scorned C. affected D. restrained

8. This disparity in social attitudes is certainly reflected in the feelings held by retired people.

A. ambiguous B. introvert D. elusive A. receipt B. prescription C. menu has become a fashionable norm.

A. ascending C. declined D. weakening

Unit 6

1. What are the disadvantages of paper according to the author?

Paper takes up precious space, can be in only one place at a time, is extremely hard to index or search through, and lacks all the interactivity and linking ability of hypertext.

2. What are the major categories of files in an office?

In the office, files can be mainly classified into hot files, documents to be acted on immediately; warm files, still active but of less urgency and cold files, documents that don't need immediate attention.

3. Why is it unpleasant to read something on a computer screen?

Because there are such annoyances/disadvantages as the relatively fuzzy type, glare, the need to scroll repeatedly, the screen's relatively fixed position and so forth.

4. What are the essential problems in using computers in police departments?

First, the police found they spent so much time dealing with the computer interface that they fell short in listening and talking to victims, an essential activity both for offering comfort and for picking up subtle clues to what exactly had happened. Second, the goal of prompt reporting was compromised by the fact that police kept revising their reports after filing them.

5. What are the reasons for people’s chimera of going paperless according to the

author?

Firstly, people who can profit from the idea keep selling it to us. Secondly, all technologies come down to our trying to get what we want, what we desire. And

much of what we desire comes down to taking control of our lives, doing what we please without being overwhelmed by what we don't please.

6. Why cannot computers replace paper in an office? (use your own words)

First, paper has some hidden advantages over computers especially in the following three aspects — reading, writing and personal satisfaction in delivery. Furthermore, computers can't replace paper completely in some activities such as air-traffic control and writing up police reports.

TEXT A task 2 ACABC BCDDA TEXT B task 3 CBACA CBCDA

TEXT A

1，Advocates of organic foods frequently that such products are safer and more nutritious than others.

B. denounce C. pronounce D. renounce

an opinion , I’d say the plan needs closer examination.

A. expose B. elimination C. D. export

3. These photograghsthe essence of working-class life at the turn of the century.

B. prescribe C. inscribe D. ascribe

A. domination B. C. occupation D. regime

5. Clarence had only a few memories of his grandparents.

A. ambiguous B. bright C. D. blur

6. What he has achieved is an extraordinary feat that would be impossible to

A. photocopy C. praise D. describe

7. He’s stopped taking drugs now, but he may A. resort B. reduce C. D. recover

8. A. Not often B. Virtually C. Rarely D. 9. What is even more important is the fact that the astronauts’ photographs have many things not evident at close range.

A. ventured B. uploaded C. declared D. 10. The of the troops on the battlefield id of paramount importance.

A.B. character C. dismissal D. recruiting

Text B

1. In particular, the relationship is becoming increasinglyby the issue of anti-missile defence.

A. endangered B. bewildered D. offended

2. The universe offers no such categories or simplifications; onlyand infinite variety.

A. ambiguity B. C. vibration D. sophistication

3. The news of the wedding all over the morning papers.

B. crowded C. attracted D. imposed

4. Perhaps you should before sending in the report.

A. cut B. twist C. D. evaluate

5. The daily news stories of the worsening economy A. B. threated C. irritated D. enlightened

6. She allowed her steady gaze to from the glass which she had been holding for hours.

A. shine brightly B. shine dimly C. 7. Self-awareness of roles and of the feelings evoked in interpersonal encounters is increasingly critical for the entrepreneur.

A. confident B. C. courageous D. open-minded

etimes unexpectedly difficult to achieve.

A. rely on B. be confident in C. D. adjust to

9. What we’ve got here is a proposal that still needs a great deal of work.

A. medium B. uncreative C. unclear D.10. For the next four years they defied by living as man and wife when they were not.

A. B. commitment C. relation D. reality

Unit7 Text A

1. Why is competition destructive according to the author? (para. 3)

According to the author, competition is destructive because it ，2. What are the purposes of the games devised or collected by Orlick and others? (para. 6)

The idea of the games devised or collected by Orlick and others is for each person on the field to make to the goal, or for all the

3. What is the difference between teamwork and team competition? (para. 8)

The difference between teamwork and team competition is that in teamwork everyone on the field is for a common goal, while in team competition a given player and is encouraged to toward

4. Why do most kinds of fun require competition? (para. 10, 11, 12)

a) First of all, people or people have never tasted the alternative.

b) Secondly, we overlook the psychological costs of competition: it causes self-doubt and feelings of self-worth become dependent on external sources of evaluation.

5. Who is to blame for competition?

It is

the practice races.

A. got out B. taking away D. driving away

2. One of the major flaws in the existing system is that the prosecutor has immunity A. useful C. harmless D. cheerful uncritically and unquestioningly. B. confine C. fix D. limit

4. Roberts’ poor physical condition combined with injuries prevented him from playing more than 51 games in the past four seasons. B. following C. complaining D. accompanying

5. Constant correction by a teacher is often as the student may become afraid to speak at all.

A. evil B. not productive D. hurting evident in men than women: balding.

A. praised C. felt sorry for D. expressed great pleasure out about the plot.

A. good B. suitable C. fit

8. It’s a story of a harmful A .state of movement B. political force D. social system

9. Gandhi rejects claims made concerning the superior or inferior status of religions.

A. overall C. obscure D. ambiguous for everyone.

A. grave B. sorrowful D. pitiful

Text B

1. To put a kid like Delia in eight-hour isolation for accepting a cigarette from a friend A. ridiculous C. troublesome D. controversial C. evident D. urgent A. margin B. fringe D. progression

A. secret corner C. easy stage D. impressive circumstance women.

A. respective B. hidden D. particular years and uncertain appetite.

A. education B. conduct C. modesty

7.That cannot be promised here, though a perspective is taken on literary stylistics in addressing science fiction.

A. fragmental B. critical D. insightful

8.Many observers suggest that this transfer has had mainly effects on the population concerned.

A. insupportable B. horrible C. advanced the interests of Power.

A. attributed C. attached D. spent

10.The university the club for two years, during which it could not hold social or athletic activities. B. hung C. hamstrung D. controlled

Uint10 Text A

1. What is the writer's attitude in the sentence "The drive for dominance skews our perception, colors our friendships, shapes our moods and affects our health"? (para. 2)

The author takes a negative attitude. Usually, the verbs color, shape and affect are neutral in indicating meanings, but in this context they express negative meanings.

2. How do you understand the sentence "If the tendency showed up only in certain societies, it would be easier to dismiss as something we learn"? (para. 4)

If the relentless one-upmanship was only limited within very few sample groups, it could be easily neglected because we could only regard that as an exception.

3. In which way do zoologists support the anthropological point on the biologically endowed one-upmanship?

Anthropologists point out that the same pattern can be seen everywhere while the zoologists show a wide variety of animals inferior and superior which illustrate the same pattern too.

4. What are the differences between men being powerful and powerless?

Men who achieve high status enjoy more sex with more partners whereas men who are just unemployed may lose their marriages as well as self-esteem.

5. In which ways are modern men the same as, and also different from Genghis Khan?

Modern men are the same as Genghis Khan in that they all strive for high status, but different in that modern men tend to rule by consent and try to avoid fighting.

6. Do males always have to fight for power? Why or why not?

Not necessarily, for the most durable leaders are the ones who govern by consent and try to avoid fighting.

1. The man a great fortune during the war, but later lost all of it almost overnight. (ansSheet1) B. obtained C. made D. got

2. Ten federal researchers were listed as contributors, but seven of them quickly A. refused B. refuted C. confused

3. Industrial labor was at last being ，water supplies purified, hospitals sanitized and prisons reformed.

A. changed B. considered C. fixed

4. The investment remains beyond reach for many, but the choices today are much A. controversial B. dirty C. flexible A. decision C. action D. condition white sandy beaches and clean water.

A. donations B. qualifications D. quantities odds with other government objectives.

A. go into C. strive for D. carry out

8. First introduced in 1989, Adopt-a-Pet aims to highlight the plight of animals and encourage more responsible pet ownership.

A. broken C. run-down D. stolen him. B. planning C. ordering D. arguing B. outset C. succeeded D. won

Text B

1. Clinton also asked Glickman to report back within 30 days with recommendations B. reduce C. release D. issue A. taking a risk C. interference D.

over-enthusiasm

3. Then, too, repeated visits to cultural monuments doubtless palled in time, natural A. over-provision B. over-arrangements D.

over-invitation but Democrats wanted two years.

A. carefully chosen C. elected by Party members

D. promoted by Party leaders A. resolute determination B. broad smile C. firm grasp A. letting you swallow your tears B. recording you in writing D. telling you to leave the dinner table people attach to working on the land.

A. deep feeling of losing face B

C. part of flower in their crop D. technique to treat the part of flower

8. At decision-making time these consequences are simply left unmentioned, allowing organizational leaders to surprise when qualitative costs finally assert themselves.

A. give a false appearance of B. to show a false impression on D.deliver a false speech of A. fails in C. collapses in D. declines in of a different element whose atomic mass was lower.

A. changing in their form B. changing in their character

C. changing themselves better

Unit 13 Text A

1. How many credit cards does the average American have?

4.

2. What is a "sub-prime" borrower?

People who have a bad credit history.

3. What were the spending habits of people in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?

People regarded debt in a very negative way. They always tried to pay off their debts in a timely manner.

4. How has credit card spending changed in the United States since the 1960s? In the 1960s most borrowers paid off their credit card balances monthly. Since then, many people have amassed credit card debt.

local secondary modern school.

A. harbor B. heaven C. oasis

performance and appearance of existing automobiles.

A. polish up C. mark up D. prop up punishment, but I refused. B. emotion C. qualification D. indulgence unkindness is just as real.

A. situation B. disagreement D. distrust

5. Her eyebrow had received the blow from the torch and had begun to throb; she A. stick C. release D. leak

6. You should not tell your client to expect that they will automatically experience an A. averting B. avoidance C. advertence it as a force that human can no longer control.

A. fugitive B. violent D. overwhelming doctors and businessmen.

B. selected C. efficient D. powerful place in the structure.

A. fierce B. vigorous C. energetic 10. His friendship with Fujimori gives him unusual access to a president with a tiny A. desire C. hope D. wish

Text B a stable banking system.

A. crush C. crackle D. noise

A. operation B. commerce D. action

A. bear C. behold D. observe and practice.

A. balance B. distribution C. spending B. contribute C. maintain D. impose

6. Any application for such extension of contract period shall be made six months

A. departure B. exhalation D. inspiration

7. If you work in a company, you usually don't have to go to the tax bureau because B. deduce C. derive D. discount

A. difference B. challenge C. collision

A. wedge B. withdraw D. fasten

A. stalk B. shimmy C. elusion

Unit2 The New Economics of Oil

The article aims at establishing the idea that oil price will not rise even as demand soars. To begin with, the author shows the increasing consumption of oil around the world and the impact of technology on oil industry. By giving several examples, he draws the conclusion that the need for cash and dependence on technology leads to the fact that oil prices will even fall. Furthermore, technological updating, slashing the costs of finding, producing, and refining oil, is also a reason to support the author's point. There is evidence that technology lets the world companies maintain healthy earnings at lower oil prices. In conclusion, cheap oil accelerates the world economy, and a downside price scenario is increasingly likely.

Unit6 The myth of the paperless office

The author states at the beginning of the article that despite the emergence of technologies and the prediction of paperless office by many people for several decades, we still rely heavily on paper in our daily lives. Then he uses his own analysis and what Sellen and Harper have discovered as his proof to illustrate why human beings still cannot stop using paper. By citing Sellen and Harper’s description of the layout of files on a typical desk in an office , the author illustrates that paper has some hidden advantages over computers , especially in the following three aspects — reading, writing an d personal satisfaction in delivery . Furthermore, he analyzes two activities — air-traffic control and writing up police reports studied by Sellen and Harper, in which computers can’t re place paper completely. Then he suggests two reasons for such a chimera as paperless office, and finally, states that at least for now paperless office lo oks both unlikely and pointless.

Unit7 Competition Is Destructive

By using the game of musical chairs, the author illustrates that competition is destructive not only in our daily work but also in entertainments. It is important and possible to change the form of the game by way of turning an opponent into a partner: Everyone on the field can work together for a common goal (teamwork) instead of competing with each other (team competition). Cooperative games and sports provide

satisfaction and challenge without competition. The reason that a large number of people insist that we can't do without win/lose activities are that they don't know any other way and that they overlook the psychological costs of competition and the toxic effect of competition on our relations. Competition is not conducive to trust and it may lead one to look at others through narrowed eyes and even invite outright aggression. We are inclined to blame individuals for all this, but it is the structure of the game itself which causes competition. To solve the problem of competition, we need to be teaching our children how to enjoy themselves without competition.

Unit10 Why We Strive for Status

By citing the example of Genghis Khan, the writer states that males are persistent status seekers. The drive for sex and power is biologically rooted in male’s nervous system, so that males are more competitive than females at any age and in all societies. But the evolutionists believe that natural selection pushes males to strive for dominance. The writer also points out that powerlessness usually leads to both psychological and physical problems for men as well as male animals. However, men are not so much anguished over the hierarchies. They tend to settle down to a certain stratified society and look for other satisfactions. The writer finally warns that power cannot be abused and dominance must be balanced by consent.

Unit 13 Giving Credit Where Debt Is Due

By citing the film It’s a Wonderful Life, the writer introduces the topic and the thesis statement: misplacing bank funds may plunge a family into debt. However, being in debt is no longer a scandal or puts one into prison, but is a very cool thing. Then the author explains the reasons for the popularity of credit card debt: Consumers are involved in the annual rite of the holiday spending binge; People don’t have to worry about debt because banks are now relentlessly encouraging the use of credit cards so that even bankruptcy doesn’t stop the borrowing of money from banks; Debt makes people unconscious of the purchasing process and makes them into debt for small things like a bottle of champagne or a new wardrobe; Americans are ready to take a new look at debt: debt is no longer something to be ashamed of as it was for the generation that came of age during the Great Depression. Lastly the author points out that several credit card companies have taken a financial beating because of the sharply rising charge-offs for bad credit card debt. The solution to the problem is to make consumers think it wise to lighten their debt loads and try to rid themselves of personal debt.