小学英语知识系统总结

目 录

※ 态度

※ 文化

※ 语言知识

※ 听

※ 读

※ 说

※ 写

附表一、26个字母

附表二、48个音标

附表三、元音字母在重读开、闭音节中的读音

附表四、常见元音字母组合在单词重读音节中的读音 附表五、名词单数变复数

附表六、代词的变化

附表七、基数词与序数词

附表八、句子的种类

附表九、动词的时态

附表十、常用短语

附表十一、常见词汇

附表十二、日常交际用语

※ 态度：1、具有学习英语的愿望和兴趣

2、养成良好的英语学习习惯

※ 文化：乐于了解英语文化

※ 语言知识：

1、语音：⑴ 能正确读写26个字母（附表一）

⑵ 能正确认读英语48个音标（附表二）

⑶ 能初步运用原因字母在重读开、闭音节中的读音

规则拼读单词

⑷ 朗读及简单会话时语音、语调、句子重音和停顿

基本正确

2、词汇：初步掌握500多个单词，一定数量的习惯用语

3、语法：初步学会最基本的语法知识

4、日常交际用语：能在一定情景下围绕30多个日常交际用语

进行简单会话

※ 听：

1、在单词和句子中辨别英语的基本因素

2、在课上和游戏中能听懂并执行简单口头指示

3、辨别和理解语调类型

4、理解所听简单会话和故事的内容

5、理解所听故事内容，并回答简单问题

6、理解所听篇章，并回答简单问题

7、在口头交际中能听懂内容，并做出行为上的反应

※ 读：

1、能借助汉语读懂文字内容，并做到理解、记忆和回忆

2、能对自己所喜欢的语言材料产生感情上的交流和共鸣

3、能够阅读与教材难易相当的对话或短文

※ 说：

1、能准确模仿较短的单词和简单句，语调正确、发音准确、

反应恰当

2、能基本读出符合读音规则的单音节词

3、能朗读简单书面材料，节奏正确，语调规范、流畅，单词

发音准确

4、能简单回答针对课文内容的问题

5、能简单复述课文

6、能看图复讲简单的故事

※ 写：

1、能正确抄写、默写大小写字母

2、能正确抄写单词

3、能正确抄写句子

4、能书面回答与课文有关的问题

附表一

26个字母

附表二

48个音标

附表三

元音字母在重读开、闭音节中的读音

附表四

常见元音字母组合在单词重读音节中的读音 第 6 页 共 20 页

附表五

名词单数变复数

附表六

代词的变化

附表七

基数词与序数词

注：1. 一般情况下在基数词词尾加“th”，即构成序数词，但要注意表中带

★的词。

2. 以“ty”结尾的基数词去掉“y”加“ieth”，如：thirty—thirtieth。 3. 以one至nine结尾的多数基数词，只把个位数词变为序数词，其他位数词不变。如：twenty-one变成twenty-first。

附表八

句子的种类

附表九 动词的时态

注：1. 动词第三人称单数一般动词词尾加“s”或“es”，以“y”结尾动词去“y”加“ies”，

如：help—helps，go—goes，study—studies。

2. 在一般过去时中，用动词的过去式。一般动词词尾加“ed”，不规则的动词要逐个记，如：work—worked，is，am—was，are—were，go—went，do—did，have，has—had。

附表十

a bit（一点儿） a bottle of（一瓶） a cup of（一杯） a glass of（一杯） a lot of（许多） a pair of（一对） a piece of（一片） all the time（始终） at home（在家） at weekend（在周末） be good at（擅长做） bring to（使用） come back（回来） come home（回家） do homework（做作业） fall down（跌倒） fly a kite（放风筝） get to（到达/开始） get up（起床） get on（上车） get off（下车） get ready（准备好）

常用短语

go by（经过） go for（去找） go to school（上学） go home（回家） go to bed（上床睡觉） go sailing（去航行） go skating（去滑冰） go on a trip（旅行） go over（复习） have breakfast（吃早饭） have a cold（感冒） have a rest（休息一会儿） have a good idea （有一个好主意） have no idea（不知道） have sports （进行体育锻炼） have to（必须/只好） hold on（等一下/继续） keep silent（保持沉默） keep off（让开） last week（上周）

look after（照顾/关心） look at（看/考虑） look up（向上看） look out（注意/照料） listen to（听） next time（下次） on duty（值班/上班） play chess（下棋） play cards（打#9@k） play football（踢足球） play the piano（弹钢琴） ride a bike（骑自行车） stay up（不睡觉/熬夜） skip rope（跳绳） speak English（说英语） take a picture（照相） take a message （带口信）

take medicine（吃药） turn on（打开） turn off（关闭） turn right（向右转）

turn left（向左转）

附表十一 wait for（等候/等待）

常见词汇

1、head （头）

2、hair （头发）

3、ear （耳朵）

4、eye （眼睛）

5、nose （鼻子） 6、mouth （口、嘴） 7、arms （臂） 8、hands （手） 9、legs （腿） 10、feet （脚）

teacher worker tailor nurse actor

教师 工人 裁缝 护士 演员

mechanic coach salesgirl salesman

技工 教练 女售货员 售货员

doctor dentist policeman waiter

医生 牙医 警察 服务员

driver sailor cook engineer

驾驶员 水手 厨师 工程师

bat bear bee bird deer fox frog giraffe lion 蝙蝠 熊 蜜蜂 鸟 鹿 狐狸 青蛙 长颈鹿 狮子 goldfish goose kangaroo monkey ox pig horse 金鱼 鹅 袋鼠 猴子 牛 猪 马 tiger tortoise zebra hen cock

老虎 乌龟 斑马 母鸡 公鸡

coat T-shirt skirt sweater jacket vest

外套 体恤衫 裙子 毛衣（运动衫）夹克 汗衫

suit blouse dress trousers jeans sock

西服 女衬衫 连衣裙 裤子 牛仔裤 短袜

shoe glove hat cap 鞋 手套 礼帽 帽子

附表十二

日常交际用语

1、打招呼、问候、介绍

1）打招呼、问候及应答

Good Morning!(Morning!)

Good afternoon!

Good evening!

Hello/Hi!

How are you?

How do you do?

(It’s)Nice/Good to see you.

(I’m)Glad to see/meet you.

2）介绍

（1）自我介绍

I’m…/My name is…

（2）介绍别人

This is Miss/Mr/Mrs/my friend…

2、认人

1）问某人是谁及应答

Who’s that?

Who’s he/she? Is that/this/he/she…

第 12 页 共 20 页 Good Morning!(Morning!) Good afternoon! Good evening! Hello/Hi! (I’m)Fine/Very well, thank you. How do you do? Nice/Good to see you, too. Glad to see/meet you, too.

That’s/It’s… He/She is… 2）问对方姓名及应答 What’s your name? Excuse me. Are you…? 3、认物

1）问某物是什么及应答 What’s this/that?

2）问某些物品是什么及应答 What are these/those/they? 4、祝贺

Happy New Year! A happy New Year to you! Merry Christmas!

I wish you a happy New Year. Have a good New Year! Happy birthday to you! 5、来自（某地）

Where are you/they from?

Where do you come from? Where does he/she come from? Are you/they from…?

Yes, it/he/she is. No, it/he/she isn’t.

My name is… Yes, I am. No, I’m not. I’m…

It’s…

They’re…

(And the) Same to you. And I wish you the same. Thanks. And you too. Thanks. And you too. Thanks. And you too. Thank you very much.

Is he/she/it from…?

I’m from… We/They are from… I/We come from… He/She comes from…

Yes, I am. (Yes, we/they are.) No, I’m not. (No, we/they are not.) 6、职业

What do you/they do?

What does he/she do? Are you a (teacher)? Is he/she a (driver)? Are they (worker)? 7、能力

Can you (swim/dance)? Can he dance? Who can (do this)? What can you/he do? 8、所属

Whose (pen) is this? Whose is this/that (pen)? Whose (books) are these? Whose are these/those (books)? Is this yours? Are these yours? 9、拥有 1）表示某人拥有

I/You/We/They have (got)… 2）问对方是否有 Have you (got)…?

Yes, he/she/it is. No, he/she/it isn’t.

I’m (a pupil). We/They are (pupils). He/She is a (doctor). Yes, I am. (No, I am not.) Yes, he/she is. (No, he/she isn’t.) Yes, they are. (No, they are not.)

Yes, I can. (No, I can’t.) Yes, he can. (No, he can’t.) I/We/He can. I/He can (cook).

It’s (mine/yours). It’s (his/hers). They’re (mine/ours). They’re (theirs). Yes, it is. (No, it isn’t.) Yes, they are. (No, they are not.)

He/She/It has (got)…

Yes, I have. 10、时间 1）问钟点

What time is it (now)? What’s the time, (please)?

2）问星期几 What day is today? What day is it today? Is it (Saturday) today? 3）问日期

What’s the date today? 11、天气

What’s the weather today?

What’s the weather like in (Beijing)? 12、外观 What is it like? What is he/she like? 13、颜色 What color is it? 14、位置（地点） Where is it? Where is he/she? Where are they? 15、数量

No, I haven’t. (Sorry, I haven’t.) Yes, I do. (No, I don’t.)

It’s (ten).

It’s time for (school/class/lunch/ home/TV/bed).

It’s (Thursday). Yes, it is.

It’s (May 4th).

It’s (fine/cloudy).

It’s (small). He/She is (young).

It’s (red/blue).

It’s in/on/under/beside (the desk). He/She is in (the office). They are in (the classroom).

How many (books) do you have? How much (beer) do you (want)? How much is it? How much are they? 16、意愿

What do you want? What would you like? Do you want (a new bike)? Would you like (a cup of tea)? What do you want to do? What would you like to do? What are you going to do? 17、求助（请求） Can/Could you help me? Can/Could you (pass me)…?

(Three/Ten.) (Two glasses/bottles.) It’s (five yuan). They are (thirty yuan).

I want (a new bike). I’d like (a cup of coffee). Yes, I do. Yes, please. I want to (help him). I’d like to (see her). I’m going to (play chess).

Yes./Sure./Certainly./Of course. I’m afraid I can’t. /I’m sorry I can’t.

Will/Would you please (give/lend me)…? Please (post the letter/read the letter for me). 18、劝告

You’d better (go to the doctor). 19、警告 Look out! Be careful! Watch (the cup). 20、禁止

Don’t (speak loudly).

(The baby is sleeping.)

You should (go to see her).

(A car is coming) (Don’t cut your finger.) (Don’t drop it.)

You mustn’t (smoke here). 21、请求允许

Can/May/Could I (use your pen)? 22、建议

Let’s (go together). Shall we (go now)?

What/How about (going for a walk)? 23、征求看法

What do you think of (the book)? What do you think of (the man)? What about (the book)? Do you like it? 24、喜好

Do you like/love (football)? Does he/she like (football)? What do you like best? What’s your hobby? 25、打电话

Hello, May/Can/Could I speak to (Mr. White)? Who’s that/speaking/calling, please? This is (Tom) speaking. It’s (Mary) here. Hold on, please.

(Wait for) a moment/a minute, please. Sorry,but he’s out/she isn’

t in.

Yes./Of course./Certainly./ No, olease don’t./I’m afrid not./ I’m afraid you con’t.

All right./OK./Great./That’s a good idea. Sorry, I can’t./I’m afraid Ican’t. We’d better (hurry).

It’s (nice/good). He’s (very kind).

Yes, I do. (No, I don’t.)

Yes, he/she does. (No, he/she doesn’t) I like (football) best. (Collecting stamps.)

(It’s) For you. /It’s your phone call.

26、邀请

Would you like to (go with us)?

Will you join us? Certainly. /With pleasure. Yes, I’d like to/love to.

Will you come? Sorry, I can’t. /I’m afraid I can’t. /I’d love to,but… Please be here (at ten/before lunch).

27、约会

Are you free (tonight)?

When will you be free?

Shall we (go to park tomorrow)?

When and where shall we meet?

28、问路和指路

How can I get to (the station)?

Could/Can you tell me the way to (Beijing Zoo)?

Do you know the way to (the Summer Palace)?

Go down this road.

Turn left/right at (the shop/the first crossing).

Take the (second) tuening on the left/right.

Take bus No. (1) and get off at (Dongdan stop/the third stop).

Sorry, I don’t know the way.

29、语言困难

Pardon?

Please say it/that again/slowly/clearly? Yes. /OK. /All right. (Next week.) All right. /OK./Great. /That’s a good idea. Sorry, I can’t. / I’m afraid I can’t. (At the school gate after school. /In my house at nine.)

What do you mean?

30、购物

Can/May I help you?

What can I do for you? I mean…

I want/I’d like (an English-Chinese dictionary).

Do you have any (Chinese - English dictionary)? What about this one?

Try this one.

It looks (nice/beautiful).

I like the color. (I don’t like the color.)

It’s (dear/expensive/too big).

It’s too dear, I’m afraid. (It’s nice but cheap.)

How much is it?

How many/How much do you want?

OK, I’ll take/buy it.

31、看病

What’s wrong with you?

What’s the matter with him?

He’s got a headache/the flu/a bad cold/a high fever/a cough. Take this medicine three times a day.

Stay in bed and drink more water.

Don’t worry. It isn’t serious.

You’ll be all right soon.

32、道歉

I’m sorry.

That’s all right. /That’s nothing. /It doesn’t matter. Excuse me.

33、道别 I’m ill. /I fell very ill.

Bye-bye! /Bye! Good-bye! See you. See you again/later/tomorrow/next time/then.