翻译总结

(1)I don’t know if I became interested in science because I was interested in medicine, or if I became interested in medicine because I was interested in science. I have very early memories of wanting to be part of both the world of medicine and the world of experimental science.我不确定是我对医学感兴趣导致了我对科学感兴趣,还是我对科学感兴趣导致了我对医学感兴趣,还记得当时我有关于想要成为医学界和实验科学界一员的想法。

(2)As a teenager I combined my interest in chemistry with my budding interest in surgery by performing simple operations on some of the many stray cats that prowled my Brooklyn, New York neighborhood.作为一名十几岁的少年,我就将我对化学的兴趣与我在给徘徊在纽约布鲁克林街区的一些流浪猫进行手术时萌发的对外科的兴趣结合起来

(3)Now at sixteen I picture myself a surgeon—nothing would give me a bigger thrill and would please me more than to operate on a human being from an altruistic viewpoint of relieving his ills, or from the scientific viewpoint of giving to science some information unknown to it.后来在16岁的时候我想象自己是一名外科医生,没有什么比在一个人身上进行手术给我带来的快乐和满足感更大,而这些手术要么出于减轻他人病痛的利他性角度,要么出于为科学提供未知信息的科学的角度。

(4) In the late 1940s and 1950s I, and a handful of other surgeons, were pioneers in this new field of surgery, often being forced to invent new operations as we encountered congenital abnormalities in newborns that had never before been corrected surgically.在20世纪40年代和50年代后期,我和少数的其他外科医生是外科学这一新领域的开拓者,在我们遇到从未通过手术矫正的先天畸形的新生儿时我们经常被迫去发明一些新的手术方法。

(5)By performing thousands of new and then routine operations, through surgical research, published articles, and innovations in science, pediatric surgery eventually became an established surgical specialty. 通过进行数千个新的然后又变常规的手术,通过外科手术方面的研究、发表的文章以及科学创新,小儿外科最终成为一个既定的外科专业。

(6)In those operations that were particularly difficult to perform on newborns, in the brief 40-year span of my surgical career I witnessed a mortality rate of 95% become a survival rate of 95% thanks to the progress made in pediatric surgery. 在我短暂的40年的外科生涯里,通过那些尤其难以对新生儿进行的诸多手术,我目睹了由于小儿外科学领域的进步而发生的从95%死亡率到95%生存率的改变

(7)I learned that pediatric surgery requires a gentle touch, not just on the fragile tissue of an infant’s body, but also on the fragile emotions of patients and their families. I learned that to do full justice to my interests in science, surgery, and research, I had to apply myself not merely to curing, but also to caring.我知道了小儿外科学需要温柔的对待,不只是对婴儿的脆弱的身体组织,而且还对患者及其家属的脆弱的情绪。我知道为了能充分发展我对科学、外科学、实验研究的兴趣,我不仅必须尽全力去治疗患者而且应该尽量关心他们。

(8)As surgeon general I always seemed to be issuing a “Surgeon General’s Warning” about one thing after another that threatened the health of the American people: cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, AIDS. Reye’s syndrome, violence, and a host of others.作为卫生局局长,我似乎总是想要提出有关威胁到美国人身体健康的一些因素的“卫生局长式的警告”,这些因素包括:香烟,无烟烟草,艾滋病。瑞氏综合征,暴力等等。

(9)At the end of the 20th century the scientific research community has done wonders to fulfill medicine’s historic goals of prolonging life and alleviating suffering. 在20世纪末,科学研究领域在延长寿命减轻病痛的医学历史性目标方面创造了奇迹。

(10)I practiced surgery in the so-called “golden age of medicine,” a time when it seemed that each day medical science could do more for patients, and more and more Americans gained access to the health insurance that would provide needed health care. 我在所谓的“医学的黄金时代”进行课外手术,在那时候似乎医学科学每天都能为人们提供更多,有更多更多的美国人可获得能提供医疗救治的医疗保险。

(11)I do not want the education of our next generation of physicians to be held hostage to bottom-line oriented managers who buy and sell hospitals, medical practices, and medical schools我不希望下一代医生教育的不被那些被利益所驱使的如买卖政治期货买卖医院,医疗实践,医学院校的商人所挟持。

(12)The scientific community must play a central role in the intense competition for health care dollars, doing what it can to ensure that the combination of public and private funding that has supported the greatest epoch of medical research in history during the last generation is not lost in the scramble for short-term profits. 科学研究领域必须在日益增剧的争取医疗基金的竞争中发挥核心作用,尽可能的保证在上个世纪帮助创造最伟大的医疗奇迹的公共和私人的基金不被获取短期利益的欲望所流失。

(13)The baby boomer generation, although accustomed to immediate gratification in most areas of life, has also benefited more than any other generation from the results of long-term scientific research. 二战后婴儿潮出生的那代人,尽管他们在生活中的很多方面习惯于自我满足,但他们在长期科学研究中的收益比前辈们的更多。

(14)I believe that it may take a decade or so to find a new equilibrium involving medical insurances, medical innovations, patient concerns, and physician-directed decision making, an equilibrium that will deliver what is medically necessary, not what is merely profitable. 要为医疗保险、医疗创新、患者关注点、医生的决策找到一个新的平衡点,一个将会带来对医疗有益而又不仅仅是获利的平衡点,我相信实现这一过程需要十年或更长时间。

(15)The issues of managed care, patient rights, physician professionalism, medical research, and health care in America need to be lifted from the bottom line to our highest aspirations. 在美国,管理式医疗、患者权益、医生职业操守、医学研究还有医疗保健的问题需要从基线向最高愿望被提及重视。

 

第二篇:期末翻译总结

期末翻译总结

这学期,我们开始学习《新编汉英翻译教程》这本教材。我觉得老师是以这本教材为纲,重新整合,挑选了里面的知识来进行授课。使其更加的系统化,实际化,更适合我们这个学期的学习,详略得当。重点上了第三章词语的英译,第四章句子的、英译,第五章句群与段落的英译。这是一个从层层递进的关系,前面的基础尤为重要。

第一章写了翻译的定义,是一种语言文化承载的意义转换到另一种语言文化中的跨语言,跨文化的交际活动。汉英翻译以句子为单位以及为什么以句子为单位。还有翻译的标准和汉英翻译对译者素养的要求,包括一,身后的语言功底,二,广博的知识文化,三,高度的责任感。总的来说,第一章是准备知识。解决是什么,为什么,怎么做的问题。、让我们在今后的学习中,能明确目标,更加坚定。

第二章是汉英的翻译基础知识,汉语属汉藏语系,英语属印欧遇语系,言语是世界上最古老的语言之一,英语是世界上使用最广的语言之一。对中英文的差异进行了对比和讨论,包括中英文化,文化关系及思维方式,语言的对比。在对比中,更加的了解如何做翻译,要做好翻译,不仅是对某一种语言的了解,应该是熟悉两种语言,并且清楚的知道其中的差异性和共同性。这样在翻译的过程中才能更加的地道。

第三章开始进入最重要的章节,主要讲词语的英语,这是基础,也是最重要的翻译。包括了,一,汉英构词法差异与汉英翻译,二,支撑意义与蕴涵意义的确定。三,汉英词义的5种关系。重点讲了成

语与四字格的英译。汉语的成语形象鲜明,营运和谐,翻译的时候要尽可能的保留这些特色。然后由于汉英两种语言和文化的巨大差异,汉语成语的这些特色很难全部在译文中得以再现,采取直译法,套译法,加注法和增译法。还有假朋友的识别。在汉英两种语言之间还存在许多“假朋友”它们时常导致词语的误怿,需仔细鉴别。“假朋友”现象主要有两种,一类是词形结构相同,但指称意义有别的“假朋友”,另一类是词形结构和指称意义相同,但蕴涵意义有别的“假朋友”。这些词语需要大量的收集,自己背诵,避免闹笑话。

接下来进入第四章的学习,句子的英译。英语为语法型语言,重点研究主谓序列及其相关此类,句子结构受形式逻辑制约,注重形式的严谨。这一章的重点是主语的确定。可以采用三种方法,1以原句主语作译文主语, 2重新确定主语,3增补主语。当汉语原文有明确的主语,而且该主语由名词或主格人称带刺充当时,我们可以原主语作为英译文的主语。在很多情况下,我们需要重新选择和确定主语,以保证译文逻辑通顺,行文流畅,语言自然地道,行使与原文相似的功能。用来替换原主语的,可以是句中其他成分,也可以是句外的词语。第三种方式,增补主语,要学会推敲语境,考略英语语法习惯和行文的需要。通过第四章的学习,我知道了如何找主语,如何把一个中文很长多个主语的句子分成几句话来写,这在后来的翻译实践《中南分校解说词》中,得到了充分的运用。

第五章写到了句群与段落的英译,句群是一群句子的组合,是大于句子,小于段落的表一单位。在翻译中,要注意句群内的衔接与连

贯。后面进行了课外的补充。重点讲述了,汉英翻译的中式英语和流水句的翻译步骤。

我觉得这学期课后的补充材料很多,扩充了我们的知识量,让我们知道了更多的地道的英语的表达方式。并且理论和实践相结合,虽然时间有限,但还是做了两次翻译实践,虽然后面一次的实践难度很大很长,让我们叫苦连天,但是我确实是感受到了无主句,特别是长难句的翻译,如何找到主语。一个月之前,有个同学给了我一段文章,要她的毕业论文中的一段要我翻译,我感觉句子太长词语生僻我就放弃了,我甚至都不知道可以根据中英文表达方式的不同,重新组合句子。这一点,我印象深刻。或许平时都理论都感觉不到重要性,但是真正实践起来,我深刻的体会到理论是实践的基础。这是我这个学期最大的收获,期末考试即将到来了,,最近我在写概况的期末论文,觉得翻译句子,特别的重要。好好复习,天天向上!!!

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