新目标英语八年级重点短语,句型,语法总结

Unit 1  Will people have robots?

1.          fewer people                                                     更少的人(fewer修饰名词复数,表示否定)

2.          less free time                                           更少的空闲时间(less修饰不可数名词,表示否定)    

3.          in ten years                                                      10年后(in的时间短语用于将来时,提问用How soon)

4.          fall in love with…                                    爱上…

例:When I met Mr. Xu for the first time, I fell in love with him at once

    当我第一次见到许老师,我立刻爱上他           

5.          live alone                                                 单独居住

6.          feel lonely                                               感到孤独(比较:live alone/go along等)

         The girl walked alone along the street, but she didn’t feel lonely那女孩独自沿着街道走,但她并不感到孤独      

7.          keep/feed a pet pig                                  养一头宠物猪

8.          fly to the moon                                        飞上月球  

9.          hundreds of +复数                                  数百/几百(概数,类似还有thousands of; millions of)          

10.       the same as                                              和……相同

11.       A  be different from B A与B不同(=There is a difference/Thgere are differences between A and B)

12.       wake up                                                           醒来(wake sb. up表示 “唤醒某人”        

13.       get bored                                        变得厌倦(get/become是连系动词,后跟形容词如tired/angry/excited等)

14.       go skating                                               去滑冰(类似还有go hiking/fishing /skating/bike riding等)        

15.       lots of/a lot of                                          许多(修饰可数名词、不可数名词都可以)

16.       at the weekends                                       在周末         

17.       study at home on computers           在家通过电脑学习   

18.       agree with sb.                                          同意某人(的意见)

19.       I don’t agree. = I disagree.              我不同意

20.       on a piece of paper        在一张纸上(注意paper/information/news/work/homework/housework等常考到的不可数名词)

21.       on vacation                                              度假

22.       help sb with sth/help sb do sth                 帮助某人做某事

23.       many different kinds of goldfish     许多不同种金鱼        

24.       live in an apartment                                  住在公寓里/live on the twelfth floor       住在12楼

25.       live at NO.332,Shanghai Street       住在上海路332号             

26.       as a reporter                                                      作为一名记者

27.       look smart                                               显得精神/看起来聪明

28.       Are you kidding?                                     你在骗我吗   

29.       in the future                                                      在将来/在未来

30.       no more=not …anymore                         不再(强调多次发生的动作不再发生)

31.       no longer=not… any longer           不再(强调状态不再发生)

32.       besides(除…之外还,包括)与except =but(除…之外,不包括)

33.       be able to与can                                     能、会

l   (be able to用于各种时态,而can只能用于一般现在时态和一般过去时态中;have to用于各种时态,而must只能用于一般现在时态)例如: 1.I have been able to/will be able to speak two languages. (不可以用can)

                                    2. had to stay at home/ will have to (不可以用must)

34.be big and crowded          大而且拥挤

34.       be in college               在上大学

35.       live on a space station        住在空间站

36.       dress casually            穿得很随意casual clothing 休闲服饰

37.       win the next World Cup    赢得世界杯 win award 获僵

38.       come true               变成现实

39.       take hundreds of years     花几百年的时间

40.       be fun to watch           看起来有趣

41.       over and over again        一次又一次

42.       be in different shapes       形状不同

43.       twenty years from now      今后20年

本单元目标句型:

1.          What do you think life will be like in 1000 years?

2.          There will be fewer trees、more buildings and less pollution in the future.

l fewer; less表示否定之意,分别修饰可数名词和不可数名词;more二者都可以修饰。

3.          Will kids go to school? No, they won’t/Yes, they will。

4.          Predicting the future can be difficult.

5.          I need to look smart for my job interview.

6.          I will be able to dress more casually.

7.          I think I’ll go to Hong Kong on vacation, and one day I might even visit Australia.

8.          What will teenagers do for fun twenty years from now?

9.          That may not seem possible now, but computers, space rockets and even electric toothbrushes seemed impossible a hundred years ago.

本单元语法讲解  知识点:

1.   形容词,副词的比较等级考查热点透视:

a)                        表示A与B在程度上相同时, “as+形容词或副词的原级+as”结构。表示A不如B时,可用“not as/so+形容词或副词的原级+as”结构。

b)                       表示A比B在程度上“更…..”时,可用“形容词或副词的比较级+than”结构

c)                        表示三者或三者以上的比较,其中一个在程度上“最…..”时,常用“the+形容词或副词的最高级”结构,后面可带“of/in的短语”来说明比较的范围。(注意:副词的最高级在句中常省略“the”.)

d)                       在形容词或副词的比较级前,可以用“a little, even, far, much,still”的等词语来修饰,以加强语气。

e)                        表示“越来越….”时,常用“形容词或副词的比较级+and+形容词或副词的比较级”结构,但要注意,对于多音节和部分双音节形容词,副词而言,若要表达此意时,要用“more and more+形容词或副词的原级“结构。

f)                        在表示“其中最….之一“的含义时,常使用 “one of+the+形容词最高级形式+名词复数”结构,其中的定冠词the不可以省略。

g)                       如果强调“两者中比较…的(一个)”的意思时,可使用“the+形容词比较级+其它”结构。

h)                       表示“越….越….”, 可使用“the+形容词或副词的比较级,the+形容词或副词的比较级”结构。

4.more, less, fewer的用法区别:more为many, much的比较级,意为“更多”,可修饰可数与不可数名词。Less是little的比较级,意为“更好,较少”,修饰不可数名词。Fewer是few的比较级,意为“更少”,修饰可数名词复数。

【注意】few, little表示否定“几乎没有”。a few, a little表示肯定“一点,几个”。      

5.would like sth意思为“想要某物“; would like to do意思为”想要做某事“。回答would like句型的一般疑问句时,其肯定回答为 “Yes, please.”;否定回答“No, thanks”或 “I’d like /love to, but….”

6. Such作形容词,意思是“如此的”“这样的”,修饰各种名词。

Ø  Such这样的。如It is such bad weather.天气如此恶劣。

Ø  Such常和as搭配,表示一种类别。如We enjoy such a voice as hers.我们喜欢象她那样的嗓子。

Ø  Such常和表示结果的that从句搭配,表示“如此….以至于…”如

  It was such a hot day that we all had to stay at home.

Ø  Such…that…和so…that…都可用来引出一个结果状语从句。由于such是形容词,所以that从句前有一个受such修饰的名词;而so 是副词,用以修饰形容词或副词,因此that从句前一般不出现名词。如

 They are such kind-hearted teachers that people in the village all respect them.

 The exam was so difficult that many students failed to pass it.

a)          如果名词是可数名词的单数形式,such和so的位置不同:

such+a/an+形容词+单数名词

so+形容词+a/an+单数名词

b)         如果名词是不可数名词或名词复数,只可用such,不能用so.:

such+形容词+不可数名词或复数名词

c)          如果被修饰的不可数名词被much, little, 或复数名词被many, few等表示量的形容词修饰时,用so,不用such.

d)         当little表示“年纪小的”时,可用such+little+名词。

7.be able to 为“能,会”,表示能力,在这个意义上与can的意思相同,一般情况下两者可以互换,但can只有现在式和过去式(could)而be able to则用于更多的时态,主要体现在be的变化。两者在用法上有一些差异:can (could)表示主观能力不表示意愿,它的将来时用will be able to而 be able to表示主观意愿强调克服困难做某事。

 Unit 2  What should I do?

1.          too loud                                                                              太大声                        

2.          out of style                                                                过时的                 

3.          in style                                                                              流行的

4.          call sb up=ring sb.up=call/ring/phone sb. 给…..打电话                    

5.          enough money                                                           足够的钱(enough修饰名词时不必后置)

6.          busy enough                                                             够忙 (enough修饰形容词或副词时必须后置)      

7.          a ticket to/for a ball game                                           一张球赛的门票

注意:the key to the lock/the key(answer)r to the question)/the solution to the problem .此处几个短语不能用of表示所有格

8.          talk about                                                                谈论                           

9.          on the phone                                                                       用电话

10.       pay for                                                                               付款

11.       spend…on +sth.=spend...( in) doing sth.         在…花钱

12.       It takes sb. sometime to do sth.                        某人做某事花…的时间        

13.       borrow …from                                                         从….借( 借进来)

14.       lend…to                                                                 把…借给(借出去)

15.       You can keep the book for a week                    你可以借这本书一周。(不用borrow或lend)

16.       buy sth for sb                                                            为……买东西

17.       tell sb to do /not to do sth.sth                            告诉某人做某事

18.       want sb. to do sth.=would like sb. to do   想某人做某事

19.       find out                                                                    发现;查清楚;弄明白

20.       play one’s stereo                                      放录象                   

21.       fail the test=not pass the test                             考试不及格

22.       fail in (doing) sth…                                                   在...上失败,变弱

23.       succeed in (doing) sth                                       在...方面成功

24.       write sb a letter/write to sb.                                     给某人写信

25.       surprise sb.                                                    使某人吃惊(类似有:surprise/interest/please/amaze+某人)

26.       to one’s surprise                                         使某人吃惊的是…..

27.       to one’s joy                                                                使某人高兴的是…..

28.       look for      a part-time job                                         找一份兼职的工作(不一定有结果)

29.       get/find a part-time job                                      找到一份兼职的工作(有结果)

30.       ask sb. for…                                                          寻求/向某人要某物   

31.       have a bake sale                                                         卖烧烤

32.       argue with sb = have an argument with sb.        与某人争吵     

33.       have a fight with sb.=fight with                        与某人打架  

34.       drop off                                                                  离去;散去;逐渐减少;死去 

35.       prepare for…=get ready for…                         为…做准备     

36.       after-school clubs(activities)                             课外俱乐部(活动)

l   be/get used to doing                                                  习惯做某事

l   used to do                                                                 过去经常/常常做某事

l   be used for doing=be used to do sth.                 被用于做某事  

37.       fill… up                                                                            填补;装满… be full of装满

38.       return sth. to sb.=give sth. back to sb.               把某物归还给某人 

39.       get on /along well with                                     与…相处很好                

40.       all kinds of                                                                        各种各样

41.       as much as possible=as much as you can         尽可能多

42.       take part in=join in                                                    参加(某种活动/集会)          

43.       a bit =a little                                                             一点儿(当修饰形容词或比较级时)

44.       a bit of =a little                                               一点儿/一些(当修饰不可数名词时)

45.       be angry with…                                                       生…的气     

46.       by oneself=on one’s own                                           某人自己/独自地

47.       on the one hand                                                         一方面                

48.       on the other hand                                                      另一方面

49.       I find/feel/think it difficult to do...                     我发现/感到/认为做某事很难.

50.       see/hear/watch sb. doing sth.                            看到/听见/注视某人正在做…

51.       not…until                                                                直到…才(谓语动词一般是非延续动词)    

52.       表示某人情绪有关的形容词用法:

 be/become+  upset/tired/excited/interested/worried/surprised/amazed/annoyed

说明:当主语是某人时,注意后面的形容词一般是-ed结尾的单词,而当主语是某物时或修饰名词时,注意后面形容词一般是-ing结尾单词.)

例如:I was surprised/interested/amazed when I heard the surprising/interesting/amazing news.

53  radio advice program                 电台提建议的节目

54  be original                          新颖的

55. leave something somewhere             把某物忘在某处

56 sports clothes                         运动服

57. the same age as=as old as               和--- 年龄一样

58. the tired children                      疲惫不堪的孩子

59. complain about (doing sth)              抱怨、、、

60.take their children from activity to activity   带着孩子参加一个接一个的活动

61.try to do sth,  尽量干某事  try doing sth   试着干某事

62.be under too much pressure               压力太大

63.a mother of three                        三个孩子的妈妈

64.take part in after-school clubs              参加课后俱乐部

65.compepition starts from a very young age    竞争从很小年纪就开始了        

66.compare…with                         和---比较

67.organized activities                      有组织的活动          

本单元目标句型:

1.          What’s wrong(with you)?/What’s the matter?

2.          What should I do?        我该怎么办  

3.          You could write him a letter.  你可以给他写封信 .You should say sorry to him.你应该给他道歉.

4.          They shouldn’t argue.   他们不应该争吵.J

5.          Why don’t you talk to him about it?

=Why not talk to him about it?=You should/could talk to him about it.

=What/How about talking to him about it.=You’d better talk to him about it.

6.          The parents try to fit as much as possible into their kids lives.

7.          Activities include sports, language learning, music and math classes.

Thirty people, including six children (six children included), went to visit the factory.

8.          People shouldn’t push their children so hard.  

Parents are trying to plan their kids’ lives for them. When these kids are adults, they might find t difficult to plan things for themselves.

知识点:

1..loud是形容词,loud-louder-loudest意思是“响亮的”;作副词时,常与talk, sing, laugh 等词连用,如speak loud; loudly “大声地”带有喧闹的意味,常用来修饰shout, cry, call, knock等动词,通常没有比较级和最高级,作状语;aloud 副词,出声地,大声地,仅指发出声音(以使能被听得见)。

2.Enough为形容词,意思是“足够的”;enough +n.修饰名词enough money; adj/adv+enough修饰形容词或副词;enough to do 足够做某事

3.present, gift礼物:gift带有一定的感情色彩,通常指昂贵的“礼物”,强调送礼人的诚意,有时有“捐赠”之意,多用于正式场合;present指为表达情谊,敬意或出于礼节,在某特定时刻或场合赠送的“礼物”,此礼物价值不一定高。make sb a present of把…作为礼物送给

4.borrow, lend: borrow“借入,借给”即说话人向他人借东西borrow sth from sb.; lend-lent-lent“借出,借给”即说话人把自己的东西借给他人lend sb sth= lend sth to sb

5 except,besides除…之外: except除了…都,besides强调“除了…之外还有…”在no one, nobody, nothing等词后加介词but也表示“除了”。

6.find out, find, look for: find out“找出,发现,查明”多指通过调查,询问,打听,研究之后搞清楚,弄明白或指找出较难找到的,无形的抽象的东西;find“找到,发现”通常指找到或发现有形的东西也可指偶然发现某物的某种情况,强调找的结果;look for“寻找”强调动作。

7.talk about谈到,谈论;talk of谈到,说到;have a talk with与..谈谈,做报告;talk to sb对…谈话;talk with sb与…交谈;talk to sb和talk with sb 均表示“和某人谈话”,“讲话”。talk to sb比较常用,侧重一方谈,一方听;talk with sb侧重双方交谈;talk about sb则表示“谈论某人”

8.miss 和lose:miss意思为“发现丢失”“觉得不在”;lose意思为“丢失”“失去”。在本质上,miss是一种主观感觉,而lose是一种客观结果。

9.be used to doing习惯于做某事;used to do过去常常,暗含与现在明显的不同,只用于过去时;be used to do是use的被动语态,意思是….被用来做某事。

10.own 与 have: own强调的是拥有,占有某物为自己的财产,但所占有的东西目前不一定是由人使用,强调所有权;have为普通动词,表示的所有关系。own +n. egWho owns the dog? ;own +宾语+宾补 eg. He owns himself wrong.;own+从句eg. He owns that he is wrong. ;of one’s own完全属于某人自己的;on one’s own独立地,自愿地;with one’s own ears亲耳

11. attend, join, take part in: attend“出席,参加,上学”attend school 上学,attend meeting出席会议;take part in 参加,是指参与某项活动 take an active part in积极参加;join 参加,当join用于加入某个团体或组织,成为其中的一员,后面直接跟名词,当join表示参加某项活动时后面跟介词in .

Unit 3  What were you doing when the UFO arrived?

1.          in front of 在……的前面(外部) in the front of 在……的前面(内部)

2.          in the library                                                              在图书馆

3.          get out of/get into                                     出……之外/进入

4.          sleep late    睡懒觉       sleep well   睡得好 get to sleep=fall asleep      睡着

5.          walk down/along                                              沿……走

6.          take off                                                                      (飞机)起飞;脱下(衣帽)

7.          on Sunday evening                                           在星期日晚上

         注意:(特指某日如星期、假日、某月某日或某个特定的上、下午、晚上用on)

8.          in the tree在树上           on the tree在树上

9.          take photos                                                       照相

10.       at the train station                                     在火车站

11.       run away                                                          跑开,逃跑

12.       as+adj原形 as                                                和…一样…

         例如:       She is (not) as beautiful as her sister.   I can run as fast as he(him)

13.       buy/draw/make sth. for sb.                      为某人买/画/制作

14.       walk home                                                       走回家

15.       in history                                                          在历史上

16.       for example                                                               例如

17.       in the city of                                                              在……市

18.       on the playground                                             在操场上

19.       ten minutes ago                                                十分钟前

20.       take place                                                         发生(强调必然性)

21.       happen to sth./sb.                                             发生(强调偶然性)

         例如:What has happened to you?=What’s the matter with you?=What’s wrong with you?

22.       of course=sure=certainly                                  当然  

23.       all over the world=around the world        遍及全世界

24.       outside/inside the station                                   在车站外/内

25.       next to                                                                       相邻,紧贴

26.       close to                                                                      接近于;在附近

27.       be ill in hospital/bed                                          生病住院/在床

28.       hear about/of                                                    听说(间接听到)

29.       in silence    沉默不语             keep silent 保持沉默

30.       an unusual experience              一次不寻常的经历

31.       have fun doing sth 干某事有乐趣       have difficult time doing sth干某事有困难

32.       have meaning to 对—有意义  

33.       become the first Chinese astronaut in space 成为中国第一个太空宇航员

34.       a national hero 一个民族英雄     35. be famous all over the world 全世界出名  

36. for the first time  第一次

本单元目标句型:

 What were you doing when I arrived/at that time/at 8:00 last night/from 9:00 to 10:00 yesterday?

1.          I was doing sth. When+一般过去时的时间状语从句... 

2.          How about... / What about...?

3.          While sth./sb. was doing sth., I was doing sth....

4.          当不明飞行物着陆时,你正在干啥?What were you doing when the UFO landed?

5.          当妈妈正在做饭时,我在看电视。While my mother was cooking ,I was watching TV.

6.          I was walking down the street when a UFO landed right in front of me.

7.          You can image how strange it was.  

8.           I followed to see where it was going.

9.          Isn’t that amazing! 

10.       She didn’t thinking about looking outside the station.

11.I was so tired this morning. It was difficult to get out of the bed.

12.Liu Xiang won the gold medal at the 20## Olympics.

13.Beijng was made host to the 20## Olympics.

14.People often remember what they were doing when they heard the news of important events in history.

15. This was one of the most important events in modern American history.

16.Even the most everyday activities can seem important.

17.Our teacher asked us to stop what we were doing and listen.

18.However, in more recent times, most Americans remember what they were doing when the World Trade Center  in New York was destroyed by terrorists.

19.Not all events in history are as terrible as this, of course.

20. His flight around the Earth lasted about 22 hours.

本单元语法讲解知识点:

1.   过去进行时

a)                        过去进行时由“was/were+动词ing形式”构成。以动词work为列,其肯定式,否定式,疑问式以及简略答语见下表:

肯定式:I/He/She/It was working.  We/You/ They were working.

否定式:I/He/She/It was not working. We/You/They were not working.

疑问式和简略答语:Was I working? Yes, you were.

                  Was he working? No, he wasn’t.

【注意】was not常简略为wasn’t; were not常简略为weren’t

b)                       过去进行时的用法:过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。这一特定的过去时间,除有上,下文暗示以外,一般用时间状语来表示

2.   not …until直到…才。表示动作在某时之前尚未开始,直到此时动作才开始。not…until可以用after或when来代替,但主句谓语动词要用肯定形式。Until为连词时后接时间状语从句,until作介词时,后面接表示时间的名词。Until 用于肯定句多表示动作或状态一直延续到until所表示的时间为止,意思为“直到…” from..till…中till往往表示不太具体的时间。From …to…或from…until常用来表示具体的时间。

3.   find it…to do,it在此句中为形式宾语代表动词不定式,动词不定式为真正的宾语,常用于这种用法的动词有find, feel, think, make等。

4.   “疑问词+不定式“结构相当于一个名词性从句,常常可用同等成分的从句代替。改写时,只需在疑问词后面加一个适当的主语(这个主语一般与主句的主语一致),并将不定式改成适当形式的谓语即可。如,Where to go is still a question.= Where we should go is still a question.

5.   when 与while:when连接的状语从句是个特殊句型,“前一个分句(谓语动词用过去进行时)+when(作并列连词,意思为“这时,突然”)+后一个分句(谓语动词用一般过去时)”表示在前一个动作正在进行的过程中突然发生了后一个动作, when强调动作的突然性,when后面的动词为非延续性动词;while表示“在….过程中”,强调在一段时间内,所以while引导的从句中的谓语动词必须为延续性动词。在状语从句中,若从句放在句首时,应用逗号与主句隔开。

6.   感叹句的构成:What +a/an+形容词+单数名词+主语+谓语!What a good book it is!

              What+形容词+复数可数名词+主语+谓语!What easy questions they are!

              What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!What cold weather it is!

              How+形容词+主语+be动词!How nice the watch is!

How +副词+主语+谓语!How hard they are working!

8.take place, happen“发生”:take place指“发生事先计划或预想到的事物”;happen指“一切客观事情或情况的偶然或未能预见地发生”。两者都是不及物动词或短语,后面不能跟宾语,也不能用于被动语态;happen的意义很广泛,而take place 仅用于历史上的事件,集会等,是先行布置而后发生或举行的事件,它不用于地震等自然界的现象。

 happen to do 巧遇 sth happens to sb某人遭遇某事

9.不定代词all, both, each,every与not连用时,只表示部分否定,在否定句中用and连接两个宾语,表语,定语,状语时,只表示部分否定,并且否定 and后面的部分;如用or连接句中两个部分,则表示全部否定。如,She isn’t a bright and beautiful girl.她并不是一个既聪明又漂亮的女孩。(部分否定) She isn’t a bright or beautiful girl.她是一个既不聪明又不漂亮的女孩。(全部否定)。

Unit 4  He said I was hard-working

1.          every Saturday                                        每周六

2.          first of all                                                首先

3.          both……and……                                    两者都(谓语动词要注意对称原则)

4.           neither….nor                                        两者都不(谓语动词要注意就近和对称原则)

5.          most of…                                                绝大多数

6.          an exciting week                                      令人兴奋的一周

7.          agree on something                                  同意某人的计划;对….取得 一致意见

8.          agree to do sth.                                        答应/同意做…

9.          pass on (to)                        传递

10.       be supposed to do sth.           被期望或被要求做... ...

11.       be mad at ……                                       对……疯狂/生气

12.       do better in=be better at                     在......方面做得更好

13.       be in good health                      身体健康

14.       report card                               成绩单

15.       sound /feel /smell /taste /look 是连系动词,一般只能跟adj.做表语

16.       sound like/feel like/smell like/taste like/look like                                                     

听起来像…/感觉像…/闻起来像…/尝起来像…/看起来像…+sb./sth.

17.       get… over                         克服;恢复;原谅

18.       open up                    打开/展开/开发/揭露

19.       care for                      照料;照顾;意愿;计较

20.       have a(surprise) party for sb.       为某人举行一次(惊喜0聚会

21.       end-of-year exam=final exam            期末考试

22.       not----anymore                  不再

23.       do a home project                做作业

24.       be surprised\happy\excited to do sth 做某事感到惊讶、高兴、激动

25.       be \get nervous                  感到紧张

26.       have a very hard time with..        在---日子不好过

27.       an disappointing result            令人失望的结果

28.       take\ leave a message             捎(留)个口信

29.       have a big fight                 

30.       it is a good idea for sb. to do sth

31.       to teach in China’s rural areas

32.       feel lucky

33.       people who need help            需要帮助的人

34.       something we can do for them      我们能为他们做的事

35.       there is no difference between…and.. 在。。和。。之间没有区别

36.the Hope Project    希望工程

本单元目标句型:

转述他人话语:What did sb. say? He said I …She said she…They said…

1.          许老师告诉我徐梦蝶会说二种语言。Mr. Xu told me that XuMengdie could speak three languages.

2.          许老师说地球绕着太阳转。Mr. Xu said (that)the earth turns around the sun.

3.          许老师告诉我他将去北京。She told me he would go to Beijing the next day.

4.          许老师说欧洋正在做作业Mr. Xu said OuYang was doing his homework at that time.

5.          许老师说王硕研勤奋。Mr. Xu said Wang Shuoyan was hard-working.

6.          在英语上,与听相比,我更擅长于读。In English, I’m better at reading than listening.

7.          情况怎样?   How’s it going?  

8.          她不想再当我最好的朋友了。She didn’t want to be my best friend anymore.

9.          I said it would start a bad habit , and that she would do her own work.

10.       That’s about all the news I have now. Mum and Dad send their love.

11.       She said helping others changed her life.

12.       Teaching high school students in a poor mountain village in Gansu Province may not like fun to you.

13.       The Peking University graduate first went there as an volunteer on a one-year program.

14.       Life in the mountains was a new experience for Lang Lei. Her village was 2,000metere above the sea level, and at first the thin air made her feel sick.

15.       Young people today need to experience different things

16.       Some of the students may not be able to go to senior high school or collage.

17.       I can open up my students’ eyes to the outside world and give them a good start in life.

18.       She said she likes being a good influence in the children’s lives.

19.       She now works as a math teacher at a high school in the city of Pingliang, Gansu Province.

20.       You are at B’s house working on a homework project.

21.       You were supposed to meet at the bus stop this morning to return it, but A didn’t come to the bus stop.

22.       A calls you with a message for C. Pass on the message, and then give C’s answer to A.

23.       What are some things that happen on soap operas?

本单元语法讲解知识点:

1.   在称述句中直接引语和间接引语的转换:

a)                        直接引语:说话人直接引用别人的原话。

b)                       间接引语:说话人用自己的话把别人的意思转述出来。

c)                        直接引语一般前后要加引号;间接引语不用引号。

d)                       规则:1)人称变化:从句中的第一人称多改为第三人称;第二人称根据情况改为第一或第三人称;第三人称不变。2)时态变化:如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,直接引语变为间接引语时从句的谓语动词在时态方面要做以下变化:

如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时,直接引语变为间接引语时,从句的动词时态保持不变;直接引语如果是客观真理变为间接引语时,时态保持不变。3)其他指示代词,时间状语,地点状语和动词等的变化。直接引语中的一些指示代词,时间状语和地点状语须作相应的变化:

【注意】1)直接引语中的时间状语根据实际情况转述为间接引语时,有时不需要改变,如tomorrow。如果转述的动作发生在当天,无需改变;如果转述的动作不在当天,则需将tomorrow变为the next day.

2.habit, practice, custom: habit指“个人由于自然条件,社会环境,爱好或经常接触而导致可以为常的行为或特性”;practice语气比habit弱,指“个人或大家都习惯了的做法或工作与生活的方式。”;custom指“经过一段时期在某人,地区或社会中形成的传统习惯或风俗。”

3.bring, take, carry: bring指“从别处把东西或人带来”“拿来”,表示将人或物带到或拿到说话者所在的位置的这个动作;take指“把东西带走或拿走”,表示将人或物拿开或带离说话者所在的位置的这个动作; carry指“随身携带(不说明方向)有时含有 “负担”的意思。

4.Surprise用法:1)surprise作名词,表示“惊奇,诧异”;2)surprise作几物动词(后接某人作宾语)表示“使…惊奇”;surprise的过去分词作表语,表示“感到惊奇”;to one’s surprise表示“使…吃惊的是”;be surprised at sth/sb表示“对…感到惊奇”。

5.however 与 but:两者均可作“但是,然而”,而且都引出并列分句。从语义上看,but所表示的是非常明显的对比,转折的意味较however要强;从语法上看,but是并列连词,而however却是连接副词;从语序上看,but总是位于所引出的分句前,而however却可位于句首,句中和句末,但是译成汉语时一定要把它放在分句之首;从标点符号上看,but之后一般不使用逗号,而however则必须用逗号分开。However当连词用时,“无论以何种方式,不管怎样”,引导让步状语从句。

6.first, at first与first of all:1)first可以做副词,意思是“首先,第一次,最初地”,指第一次做某事或首先做某事,first还可以用作形容词,意思是“第一的,最初的,主要的,一流的”,first作名词,意思是“首要,第一,最初”2)at first的意思是“起初,当初”,指刚刚开始做某事的时候,暗示后来的情况有所改变3)first of all的意思是“第一,最初,首先”,同first的用法相同,但语气上比first要强,常常用来加强语气。

7.true, real: true意思为“真的”“真正的”,强调与实际相符,而不是杜撰的,它与real相对。与to连用,意思是“忠实的”,true用作名词,与定冠词the连用,表示“真实,真理”等;real无此意。Real是形容词,强调客观存在的“真实”“实在”,不是想象的。

8.above, on,over:三者都有“在…上”之意。1)on表示两者上下紧贴在一起2)over表示一种直接的垂直概念,但没有上下紧贴的意思,反义词为under.3)above既不表示垂直的上下概念,也无相互紧贴的意思,反义词是below.

Unit 5  If you go to the partyyoull have a great time!

1.          at the party                                                       在晚会上

2.          ask sb. to do sth.                                              请某人做某事

3.          stay at home                                                              呆在家

4.          half the class/students                              一半学生

5.          get injured                                                        受伤

6.          have a great time =have a wonderful\good time       玩得高兴

7.          take …away          运走,取走       put away 收起来,放好

8.          all the time=always                               一直,始终

9.          make a living (by doing sth)                 谋生

10.       in order to do sth…                                              为了做某事

11.       have a party                                                  举行聚会

12.       go to college                                                 上大学

13.       be famous for…       因……而著称 be famous as… 作为…而出名

14.       make money =earn money                                            挣钱

15.       in fact                                                           事实上

16.       laugh at…                                               嘲笑

17.       too much太多(修饰不可数名词)too many太多(修饰可数名词复数)much too+形容词/副词 太…

18.       get exercise  锻炼 注意(exercise当“锻炼”是不可数名词;而当“操”“练习”是可数名词)

19.       travel around the world                            周游世界

20.       work hard                                         努力工作

21.       wear jeans                                 穿牛仔裤

22.       let ... in 允许……进入,嵌入  keep…out  不允许。。进入

23.       get an education                                            获得教育

24.       take… away                                                             拿开,拿走

25.       study for the test                       准备考试

26.       make some food 准备食物  make dumplings 做水饺   make the bed 整理床铺

27.       half the class                          一半的学生

28.       the rules for school parties                学校派对的规则

29.       children’s hospital                       儿童医院

30.       join the Lions                       加入狮队

31.       give money to schools and charities     给学校和慈善组织捐钱             

32.       become a professional soccer player     成为一个职业的足球运动员

33.       organize the games for the class party    为班级派对准备游戏

34.       play sports for a living                靠体育运动为生                 

本单元目标句型:

1. If you do, you’ll…                      2. I’m going to …        3. You should…
4. Don’t you want to …?               5. Don’t you think ….?
①如果李老师去参加晚会,我们将会玩得非常高兴。 If Ms Li goes to the party, we’ll have a great time.

②如果你穿牛仔裤去晚会,李老师将不会让你进入。If you wear jeans to the party, Ms Li won’t let you in.

6.For many young people, becoming a professional athlete might seem like a dream job.

7.If you become a professional athlete, you will be able to make a living doing something you love.

8.However, professional athletes can also have many problems.

9.If you are famous, people will watch you all the time and follow you everywhere. This can make life difficult.

9.          If you become rich, you will have a difficult time knowing who your real friends are.

11.In fact, many famous people complain that they are not happy.

本单元语法讲解知识点:

1.   If引导的条件状语从句:1)构成:if引导的条件状语从句表示“如果…”。构成形式为“主句+一般将来时时态+if从句+一般现在时态”,或“If从句+一般现在时态,主句+一般将来时态”。2)用法:表示假设或条件

2.   half 与half of的用法:1)half the class中的“half”为形容词,意思“一半的,半个的”2) “half of+代词/the+名词”中的half为名词,意思为“一半,半个”。当该结构在句子作主语时,谓语动词必须和该词组中的代词或名词保持数的一致。即当代词或名词为单数时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式;若所接名词或代词为复数,则谓语动词用复数形式。

3. all the time与always: all the time是个副词性的短语,意思为“一直”“始终”,表示某一特定阶段开始一直到结束,不表示频度,多置于句末。除此,all the time还有“不断”的意思;always为表示频度的副词,意思为“总是”,表示动作的反复,状态的继续,中间没有间断,其反义词为never。它与进行时态连用时,常翻译成“总是”,“老是”,带有赞美,厌烦,不满等感情色彩。

4.Enough的用法:1)enough to do sth表示“足够…可以做…”2)enough也可以用“for+宾语+to do sth的结构”3)enough修饰名词时前面不用冠词4)当主语是代词时,enough可以作表语。当主语是名词时,enough不能做表语。

5.Choose的用法:1)choose+名词 意思为“选择…”;2)choose+between/from从…中选择;3)choose to do选择做某事

6.Exercise的用法:1)运动,锻炼,是不可数名词2)体操,练习,是可数名词。3)动词,使….运动

7.wear, put on, have on, dress: wear“穿着”“戴着”,表示状态,是延续性动词,一般现在时表示经常状态,现在进行时表示暂时状态;put on“穿上”“戴上”,表示动作,是非延续性动词;have on“穿着”“戴着”,表示状态可以与wear互换;dress“穿上”“穿着”,既表示状态,也表示动作,既可以作及物动词,也可以作不及物动词。Dress作及物动词,表示“给自己或别人穿(衣服)”,宾语是人,常用被动语态。dress oneself给。。穿衣服。dress up化装

8.a lot, a lot of与lots of三者都有“许多,很多”的意思。a lot of, lots of一般用于肯定句,后接可数名词复数或不可数名词;a lot作名词时=a lot of thins,作副词,修饰动词或形容词,副词比较级。

常见动名词、分词的习惯用法总结

使用-ing分词的几种情况

  1.在进行时态中。如:         1.He is watching TV in the room.    

                                                               2.They were dancing at nine o'clock last night.

  2.在there be结构中。如:There is a boy swimming in the river.

  3.在have fun/problems结构中。如:We have fun learning English this term.

          They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.

  4.在介词后面。如:Thanks for helping me.             Are you good at playing basketball?

                  What /How about doing sth? 做某事怎么样?           I am interested in playing football.

         5.在以下结构中


1.          enjoy doing sth             喜欢做某事;            

2.          finish doing sth;         完成做某事;            

3.          feel like doing sth        想要做某事;

4.          stop doing sth               停止做某事(原来的事

5.          forget doing sth            忘记做过某事;        

6.          go on doing sth             继续做某事(原来的事);

7.          remember doing sth      记得做过某事;        

8.          like doing sth                喜欢做某事;            

9.          find /see/hear/watch sb doing发现/看到/听到/观看某人做

10.       try doing sth                 试图做某事;   

11.       need doing sth              需要做某事;

12.       prefer doing sth            宁愿做某事;

13.       mind doing sth             介意做某事;            

14.       miss doing sth              错过做某事;            

15.       practice doing sth          练习做某事;

16.       be busy doing sth         忙于做某事;            

17.       can't help doing sth       禁不住做某事;

18.       waste time/money doing        浪费时间/金钱做…;  

19.       keep sb.doing                        让…始终/一直做…


20.       stop sb.(from)doing               阻止某人做某事

21.       prefer doing B to doing B=like A better than A喜欢做A更喜欢做B

22.       “do some +doing”短语

如:do some shopping/do some washing/do some reading/do some practicing/do some cleaning/do some speaking

23.“go doing”短语去做某事(主要指文娱活动等)

如:go shopping/go fishing/go swimming/go hiking/go skating/go camping/go skiing(滑雪/go boating /go hunting (打猎)

.注意动词的过去分词的常见搭配:

   I feel(am/was) excited/ surprised/ amazed /interested /tired/pleased/worried/lost

         Keep…closed/ a boy called/named Tom

常见动词不定式词组、句型用法总结

.固定用法(非谓语动词):以下是带to的动词不定式常见搭配

★希望做某事hope to do sth.                                                              ★决定做某事decide to do sth.                      

★同意做某事agree to do sth.                                                    ★需要某人做某事need to do sth.                          

★使用某物做某事use sth to do sth                                           ★迫不及待做某事can’t wait to do

★准备做某事get/be ready to do                                                ★尽力/努力做某事try to do sth                    

★计划做某事plan to do sth.                                                               ★不得不have to do                    

★轮流做某事take one’s turns to do sth.                                    ★拒绝做某事refuse to do sth.

★告诉某人做某事tell sb. to do sth.                                          ★请某人做某事ask sb. to do sth.

★希望某人做某事wish sb. to do sth.                                       ★想要某人做某事want /would like sb. to do sth.

★同意某人做某事agree sb. to do sth.                              ★教某人做某事teach sb. to do sth.

★喜欢/想要某人做某事 like sb. to do sth.                       ★帮助某人做某事help sb. to do sth/help sb.do

★encourage sb to do    鼓励某人做

★It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事               例句:It your turn to clean the blackboard.

★It’s time(for sb.) to do sth.是某人做某事时候了                     例句:It’s time for me to go home.

★It’s +adj. for/of sb. to do sth. 对于某人来说做某事是……(当adj.是表示性格、品德的形容词时用of)

         例句: It is easy for me to learn it well.               It is very kind/foolish/nice of you to do so.              

★   It takes sb. sometime to do sth. 某人做某事花了某时间  

   例句:    1.It takes me an hour to get to school by bike.  2.It took me an hour to watch TV last night.

                  3.It will take her two weeks to finish the work.

★too+adj./adv. to do sth.  太…..而不能                                           例: He was to angry to say a word.

★find/think/feel it +adj. to do sth.发现/认为/感到做某事是…   例: I find/think/feel it hard to learn English well.   

★序数词+to do 第…..个做某事  例句:Who is the first to get there?

★我不知/忘记了怎么办。I didn't know/forgot what to do.

★   离开房间时不要忘记/记住关灯 

         例句:Don’t forget/Remember to turn off the lights when you left the room

★   be+adj+to do sth                            例句:I am very sorry to hear that.

I am ready to help others.                          I am happy/pleased/glad to meet you.

顺口溜:本领最多不定式,主表定补宾和状;样样成分都能干,只有谓语它不敢;大家千万要小心,有时它把句型改;作主语时用it,自己在后把身藏;七个感官三使役,宾补要把to甩开;疑问词后接上它,宾语从句可充当;逻辑主语不定式,不定式前加for sb.;to前not是否定,各种用法区别开。

以下是不带to的动词不定式(即动词原形)的常见用法

★   let sb. do sth让某人做某事                             ★ make do sth使得某人做某事         

★ hear do sth do sth听见某人做某事           ★see do sth do sth看见某人做某事

★   why not 或why don’t you +动词原形?为什么不….?(表示建议)例:Why not/Why don’t you take a walk?

★   某人+had better( not)do 某人最好(不)做某事

★   情态动词can/may /must /should+ 动词原形(包括情态动词的否定形式+动词原形)

★   助动词do/does/did/will/would在构成疑问句或者构成否定句即don’t  /doesn’t /didn’t  /will not  /would not+ 动词原形

★   be going to + 动词原形(表示“即将”“打算” 做某事)

Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?

1.          raise money for                                                         筹钱        

2.          collect stamps                                                            集邮       

3.          run out of…                                                                        用尽          

4.          by the way                                                                顺便说一下

5.          on the way to..                                                           在…的路上

6.          be interested in                                                         对…感兴趣         

7.          more than=over                                                        超过

8.          fly kites                                                                             放风筝

9.          start class                               开始上课

10.       start a snow globe collector’s club            开办雪球仪收集者俱乐部

11.       the most common(unusual, interesting) hobby  最普通的爱好

12.       listen to music videos                      听音乐碟片

13.       organize a talent show to raise money for charity 为慈善机构捐钱而举办的才艺展示

14.       extra English lessons                        额外的英语课

15.       have problems with the language              语言方面有问题

16.       the capital of Heilongjiang Province            黑龙江的省会

17.       an interesting city with a colorful history        一个有着丰富多彩历史文化的有趣的城市

18.       three and a half years =three years and a half     三年半

19.       a pair of skates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans 一双滑冰鞋/一双鞋/一副眼镜/一条裤子/牛仔裤

l   How much is a pair of skates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans?

= How much does a(this) pair of skates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans cost?

l   How much are the skates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans?

= How much do the skates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans cost?

 本单元目标句型:

1.          How long have you been skating? 你滑冰有多长时间了?

2.          I’ve been skating since nine o’clock./since I was four years old.

我从九点一直滑到现在/我从四岁一直滑到现在。

3.          I’ve been skating for five hours.               我一直滑了五小时 。

4.          The more I learn about Chinese history, the more I enjoy living in China.

我对中国的历史了解得越多, 我就越喜欢住在中国。

5.          Was this your first skating marathon?  No, I skated in a marathon last year.

6.          When did you get your first pair of skates?

7.          Alison was the first one to start and has been skating for the whole five hours.

Alison是第一个开始并且已经滑了整整5个小时。

8.          I’m talking to you from the Hilltop School Skating Marathon.

9.          For every hour they skate, each student raises ten yuan for charity.

每滑一个小时,每位学生可为慈善事业筹集10元钱。

10.       Thanks for sending me the snow globe of the monster. In fact I think it’s probably my favorite.

 谢谢你送我的怪物雪球仪。事实上,我想它可能是我的最爱。

11.       My mom says I have to stop, because we’ve run out of room to store them.

 妈妈说我必须停止了,因为我们已经没有地方来存放他们了。

12.       The first one I ever got was a birthday cake snow globe on my twelfth birthday.

我得到的第一个雪球仪是我十二岁生日得到的生日蛋糕雪球仪。

13.       I particularly love globes with animals. If you know anyone else who collects them, please tell me.

  我特别喜欢动物雪球仪。如果你知道其他人收集他们的话,请告诉我们。

14.       By the way, what’s your hobby?

15.       I’m interested in the job as a writer.

16.       The school newspaper needs a writer. We will give you different topics to choose from. To get the job, please answer these four questions.

 校报需要一个撰稿人。我们会给你一些不同的话题来选择。要得到这份工作,请回答这样四个问题。

17.       How many Chinese dynasties can you think of? 你能想起多少中国朝代?

18.       Can you think of famous characters from the history of other countries? Make a list.

从其他国家历史中,你能记起一些著名人物吗?列个表。

19.       In fact, the first Jews probably came to Kaifeng more than a thousand years ago and were welcomed by the Song Emperor.

事实上,第一批犹太人可能在一千多年前就来到开封而且受到宋朝皇帝的欢迎。

20.       There is some European influence in the city, and some of the old buildings in Harbin are in Russian style.这个城市有欧洲文化的影响,而且哈尔滨的一些老建筑还是俄罗斯风格的。

21.       For a foreigner like me, the more I learn about Chinese culture, the more I enjoy living in China.

  对于一个像我一样的外国人来说,我对中国文化了解越多,我就越喜欢住在中国。

22.       And although I live quite far from Beijing, I’m certain I will be here for the Olympic Games in 2008.

 尽管我住得离北京很远,但我相信20##年奥运会我一定在这儿。

本单元语法讲解知识点:

1.现在完成时的意义:1)表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常用的时间状语有already, yet,ever, never, just等2)表示从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,常常和表示一段时间的状语连用。常见的表示一段时间的状语有:for+一段时间,since+时间点。2)构成形式:助动词have/has+动词的过去分词3)a.It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分,用现在完成时。
b.This is the… that…结构,that 从句要用现在完成时.
注意:非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。

2.怎样区别现在完成时和现在完成进行时现在让我们来比较一下现在完成时和现在完成进行时。在比较这两个时态时,关键在于对现在完成进行时的基本概念是否理解,因为对于现在完成时我们已经有了一个基本的理解了。
  现在完成进行时是一兼有现在完成时和现在进行时二者基本特点的时态。由于它有现在完成时的特点,所以它可以表示某一动作对现在产生的结果或影响。由于它有现在进行时的特点,所以它也可以表示某一动作的延续性、临时性、重复性、生动性乃至感情色彩。
  现在就现在完成进行时的这些特点和现在完成时作一简单的比较:

(1)现在完成进行时和现在完成时皆可表示动作对现在产生的结果,但前者所表示的结果是直接的,而后者所表示的则是最后的结果。

  (2)现在完成进行时有时有延续性,现在完成时往往没有。如:
    Mr. Smith has been living in London since 1978.(a)
  Mr. Smith has lived in London since 1979.(b)
  (a)句有“史密斯先生在伦敦久居”的含义,(b)句则没有。

  (3)但现在完成进行时并不总是具有临时的性质,如:
  My moth! er has been teaching English for twenty years.(a)
  My mother has taught English for twenty years.(b)
  (a)句在此并无临时性质,但较口语化。(b)句则较为正式。又,(a)句表示动作现在仍在继续.并将延续下去,(b)句的动作是否延续下去,须由上下文决定,但在一般情况下都是延续下去的。

  (4)现在完成进行时往往表示动作在重复,现在完成时则常常不带重复性。如:
  Have you been meeting her lately?(a)
  Have you met her lately?(b)
  (a)句有“经常相会”之意,(b)句则没有。(b)句如与often,every day等时间状语连用,当然也表示动作在重复。

  (5)现在完成进行时比较生动,有时含有明显的感情色彩,而现在完成时往往只说明一个事实,一种影响或结果,平铺直叙,没有什么感情色彩可言。如:
  What have you been doing?(a)
  What have you done?(b)
  (a)句表示惊异。(b)句只是一个问题。

 

  下面还有一例,颇为有趣:
  Who's been eating my apples?(a)
  Who's eaten my apples?(b)
  (a)句有强烈的感情色彩,表示愤怒不满,(b)句只是希望回答的一个问题。又,(a)句兼有进行时态,所以有“苹果未被全部吃光”的意思,(b)句是完成时态,说明“苹果一个不剩了”。

3.现在完成进行时的含义:表示过去某一时间开始到现在经常重复的动作。

 现在完成进行时的构成:助动词have/has been+v.ing形式。当主语为第三人称单数十,助动词用has,其他人称用have.

现在完成进行时的用法:主要表示现在以前这一段时间里一直在进行的一个动作,这个动作可能仍然在进行,也可能停止了一会儿。

4。for 的用法:1)在回答How long…?的问句时,for表示所指时间或距离的全部,在这个含义上与表示“特定期间中某个长度”的during 不同。2)可以用在过去时,现在时,将来时中,但是若表示持续进行到现在为止时,则不能用现在时,而要用现在完成时。3)表示某事物在所述时间要发生。

5.since 用法:1)conj.自…以后;自从,后接从句表示以过去的某个时间为起点,持续到现在或过去的某个时候。Since之后可以接过去时的句子,也可以接表示过去的时间点。2)prep.自…来,从…(至今)

【注意】since除了可以与现在完成时连用外,还可以与过去完成时,现在完成进行时连用。

【扩展】since, for都可以与完成时态连用。Since用来说明动作的起始时间,而for用来说明动作延续时间,因此,since后跟表示某一时间点的名词短语,for后面跟表示一段时间的名词短语。

6.each 的用法:1)adj.各个的,各自的,每一个的。置于单数可数名词之前。2)pron.各个,各自。谓语动词用单数形式。

Each, every: each指两个或两个以上的人或事物中的“每个”;every指三个以上的人或事物的全体,和all的意思相近;every只修饰单数名词,谓语动词用单数,each为形容词修饰单数名词,谓语动词为单数。作代词,单独使用,接单数动词,放在复数名词和代词后作同位语,接复数谓语动词;代表each与every的物主代词可以用his也可以用their.

【扩展】each of之后接名词或代词的复数形式,接名词时一定要附加the或my等词,即“each of+代词的复数形式”或“each of+the/my+名词的复数形式”,但谓语动词要用单数形式。

7.ago与before“以前”:ago表示从现在算起一段时间“以前”,和动词的一般过去时连用。放在所修饰词的后面。Before则表示从过去某时算起若干时间以前,用于完成时。ago,before前可以与具体时间连用“多少时间之前”

8.含有half的表达方式:数词+名词(单/复数)+and +a half; 数词+and+a half+名词(复数)

9.Because, since, as, for:四个词都表示“原因”的连词。以上连词的语气由强到弱依次为because-since-as-for其中because,since,as从属连词,引导原因状语从句;for为并列连词,连接两个并列句。a)because“因为”,表示直接原因回答why的提问,一般放在主句之后,可单独存在。b)since“因为”“既然”,侧重主句从句表示虽然的或已知的理由。c)as“由于”,主从句并重,从句说明原因,主句说明结果。d)for“因为,由于”,表明附加或推断的理由,引导的从句前常有逗号,for从句不放在句首。

10.Probably副词,相当于almost certainly,意思为“或许,大概,很可能”一般不放在not等含有否定意义的词之后。

11.run out, run out of: run out“用完了”,主语通常为时间,食物,金钱,不用于被动语态;run out of“用完了”,表示主动含义,主语一般为人,多用于进行时和完成时。

14.Teach的用法:teach sb sth教某人学某事;teach doing教导做…, 教…;teach sb to do教某人做某事;teach sb+that从句 教育人….

15.被动语态:1)被动语态的基本构成形式:主语+助动词be+构成形式2)被动语态的时态:被动语态的时态是通过助动词be的变化来体现。这个助动词必须与主语的人称和数相一致。3)主动语态和被动语态的结构相比(箭头表示动作方向)

  主动语态:主语(动作发出者)→谓语(及物动词)→宾语(动作承受者)

  被动语态:主语(动作承受者)←谓语(be+动词过去分词)←宾语(动作发出者)

He wrote the letter. →The letter was written by him.

4)主动句变被动句的基本句式:

a) 主:主语+助动词(情态动词)+谓语+宾语

  被:主语(原宾语)+助动词(情态动词)+be+动词过去分词+by+原主语

如,We will help him.→He will be helped by us.

a)          主:主语+动词短语+宾语

被:主语(圆宾语)+be+动词短语的过去分词+by+原主语

如,They looked after the babies.→The babies were looked after by them.

b)         主:主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语

被:主语(间接宾语)+be+动词过去分词+原直接宾语

主语(直接宾语))+be+动词过去分词+to(for)+原间接宾语+(by+原主语)

如,We gave him some magazines.→He was given some magazines.

                               Some magazines were given to him by us.

【注意】一般将主动句中表示人的间接宾语变为被动句中的主语。

c)          主:主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语

被:主语(原宾语)+be+过去分词+原宾语补足语

如,They elected him their monitor.→He was elected their monitor.

【注意】如果主动句中宾语补足语是不带to的不定式,变成被动语态后一般要加to.

I saw him go to the church.→He was seen to go to the church.

【扩展】一般在以下几种情形时,需要使用被动语态。

1)不知道动作的执行者,只知道动作的承受者时。

When we got there, the room had been cleaned already.

2)不必要说出或出于礼貌不便说出动作的执行者时。

I was told that you were not honest enough.

3)有必要突出或强调动作的承受者时。

You were asked to answer this question.

16.if与whether:if和whether均可用于宾语从句中,意为“是否”;if用于条件句中,表示“如果”,不能和or连用;whether常与or连用,表示两种条件或情况。

【扩展】if not..如果不是…,表示惊讶或憎恶等情绪;if only意为“若…那就好了,我多么希望…”相当于how I wish;only..if..意为“决不…除非…”

If it hadn’t been for the doctor’s care, I should not be speaking to you now.如果不是医生的照顾,我现在就不会和你说话了。

If only he arrives in time!若他及时到达就好了。

I’ll only come if you promise me that you won’t invite Henry.除非你答应不请亨利,否则我不会来。

 Unit 7  Would you mind turning down the music?

1.          turn… down/turn… up                                                     关小声/调大声音(电器)

2.          turn… on/ turn …off                                   打开/关闭(电器)

3.          move the bike                                                                     移动自行车

4.          in a minute/right away/in no time                               立刻,马上  

5.          be late for school/class=arrive late for school   上学/上课迟到

6.          wait in line=stand in line                                                     排队等候

7.          cut in line=jump a queue                                                     插队                 

8.          get mad/annoyed                                                                变得生气

9.          happen to sb                                                                      发生在…身上      

10.       half an hour                                                                                 半小时

11.       at first                                                                                          首先

12.       at last=in the end=finally                                           最后

13.       allow sb. to do /not to do sth.                                     允许某人做/不做某事

14.       be allowed to do /not to do sth.                                  某人不被允许某人做/不做某事

15.       in public                                                                                   当众地;公开地;公然地

16.       in public places                                                                   在公共场所 

17.       break the rule                                                                     不遵守规则        

18.       pick… up                                                                          捡起

19.       put …out                                                                           熄灭                   

20.       drop litter                                                                           扔垃圾

21.       keep the voice down                                                           控制声音

22.       do the dishes

23.       put on another pair of jeans

24.       be at a meeting

25.       help me in the kitchen

26.       make some posters

27.       clothing store

28.       follow…around

29.       want to be polite

30.       stand in the subway door

31.       cut in line

32.       stand close to ..

33.       have different ideas about

34.       feel uncomfortable

35.       in all situations

36.       in public places

本单元目标句型:

1.          Would you mind cleaning the yard?                          你介意打扫院子吗?

2.          Not at all. I’ll do it right away.                                   一点也不. 我马上就扫.

3.          Would you mind not playing baseball here.                你介意不要在这打棒球吗?

4.          Would you mind giving me a smaller one?

5.          Sorry, we’ll go and play in the park.                           对不起,我们到公园去打.

6.          Could you (please) make dinner?                              请做晚饭好吗?

7.          That’s no problem                  .                                            没问题.

8.          Could you (please) not feed the dog?=Would you mind not feeding the dog?= Would you (please) not feed the dog?=Please don’t feed the dog, will you?请不要喂狗好吗?

9.          If you finish these tasks, we can go to a movie tonight.

10.       Your barber gave you a terrible haircut.

11.       The store clerk gave you the wrong size.

12.       The waitress brought you the wrong food.

13.       The pen you bought didn’t work.

14.       You ordered a hamburger with French fries but only got a hamburger.

15.       We asked some people what annoyed them. Here’s what they said.

16.       I don’t like waiting in line when a shop assistant has a long telephone conversation.

17.       This happens to me all the time in the school library.

18.       Perhaps in the future I should try not to be so polite.

19.       The way people behave is different in different cultures and situations.

20.       Sometimes, rules of etiquette are the same almost everywhere.

21.       We might want to ask someone to behave more politely if we see them breaking a rule of etiquette.

22.       Etiquette means normal and polite social behavior.

23.       This may seem like a difficult word at first, but it can be very useful to understand.

24.       In fact, we should also take care not to cough or sneeze loudly in public if possible.

25.       People don’t usually like to be criticized, so we have to be careful how we do this.

26.       看到有人抽烟你可以说:Could you please put out that cigarette?

27.       看到有人乱丢垃圾你可以说:Would you mind picking it up?

看到有人插对你可以说:Sorry, would you mind joining the line?知识点:

1.基本用法:1)Would you mind doing?=Do you mind doing..?“你介意…?” “请你…好不好?”是一种比较客气的表达方式。2)如果要表示“请你不要做…好吗?”只需在doing 前面加not.应答用语:1)如果同意表示不介意时,可用如下用语来表达:Certainly not.; Of course not.;No,not at all.;Not at all.“好,可以”2)如果不同意表示介意时,常用“Sorry.”“I’m sorry, but…”及陈述某种理由来表示拒绝或反对。;这一句型中的逻辑主语只能是谈话的对方you,如果想要对方允许自己做某事,可以用 “Would you mind my doing..?句型。

2.形容词与副词之间的转化:1)以le结尾去e变y,possible→possibly;2)在形容词后直接加ly,usual→usually;3)在以辅音字母+e结尾直接加ly,wide→widely;4)以元音字母+e结尾,去e加ly,true→truly;5)以辅音字母+y结尾变y为i+ly,happy→happily

3.put on, wear, dress,have on, in: put on强调动作过程“穿上”为瞬间动词;wear表示结果或状态“穿着”,持续动词;dress强调穿的动作,后面不能跟宾语(衣服)等,还可以作名词,意思是“服装”,dress up化装,dress oneself 给某人穿衣服,dress in穿衣服,have on表示“穿…”,相当于wear,但没有进行时态;in介词,后跟表示颜色的名词,表示穿着某种颜色的衣服。

4.in a minute, soon等多用于将来时,表示即将去做某事

in+时间段,after+时间段:1)“in+时间段”只能用于一般将来时,“after+时间段”可以用于过去时和将来时2)当二者都用于将来时的时候“in+时间段”表示从现在算起在一定时间内,动作将在未来一周之内的某一个具体时间内发生。“after+时间段”是从这段时间之后算起,动作将在这段时间之后发生。

5.very, too, so, quite以上几个副词均修饰形容词,副词表示程度,“很,太,非常”;very应用最普遍“很”,只是一个表示程度的副词,它表示的程度比quite要强得多,very只用来修饰形容词和副词的原级;too“太”,一般表示“相对某人而言”;so“如此…,那么…”,往往表明某一事物的程度时,会引起另一种后果。换言之,so所修饰的人或物表示原因后面会有表示结果的句子。So…that…如此…以致于;quite既可以表示充分肯定,意思是 “完全;十分”,也可以表示程度,意思是“完全,十分”,也可以表示程度,意思是“相当”,quite可修饰动词,v.ing,形容词,副词,分词等。quite a +adj+n.   a very+adj.+n

6.move from…to …从…搬到…,迁移;move on继续向前走

7.yet, already,still:yet用于疑问句中,意为“现在,已经”;用于否定句中,意为“还没”;already与still用于肯定句中,already意为“已经”,still意为“还,仍然”,already若用于疑问句中,表示惊讶或意外;yet与still都可以修饰比较级,意为“更加,益发”。

8.put away收好,储蓄,放弃;put down放下,扑灭,写下;put…into…把…翻译成…;put off延期;put up举起,张贴,修建;put on穿上,上演

9.See的用法:1)see+从句,意为“看到…,留意…”如,I saw that you weren’t among the students.2)see sb do sth.看到某人做某事;see sb doing看到某人正在做某事;see+名词 看到

10.          voice, sound, noise:在这组词中,voice可以作名词或动词;sound可以作名词,动词,形容词和副词;noise只能用作名词。这里仅就它们作名词表示“声音”时的用法进行辨析。1)voice专指人的声音(如说话,唱歌,笑的时候发出的声音等)。偶尔也指禽,虫鸣叫的声音,但一般不用于指其他动物的叫声。2)sound表示能听见的任何声音。3)noise通常是指大而令人不快的噪音,嘈杂声,喧闹声等。4)sound和noise常与动词make连用,而voice则不能和make连用。

11.          take care意为“当心”,可单独使用或后接从句和动词不定式。同义词组为be careful和look out;take a seat坐下同义词组为sit down;take an interest in对…感兴趣;take away拿走,使离开,消失;take back收回(语言,话语);take care of照顾,注意,保养;take charge of负责,接管;take down拿下来,取下来,记下来,拆除;take for granted 想当然,认为,后接宾语从句,此时常以it作形式宾语;take hold of抓住;take in接受,理解,包括;take off脱下,匆匆离开,起飞,停止使用;take office就职;take on接受,雇佣;take out取出,带。..出来;take part in参加;take place发生,没有被动语态;take pride in为。..感到自豪;take sb’s place代替某人;take up从事,占用;take it easy不要过于紧张,别着急。

Unit 8 Why don’t you get her a scarf?

1.          fall asleep                                                                                  入睡 

2.          give… away                                                                   赠送;分发 

3.          rather than                                                                        宁愿…而不是,胜于

4.          would do…rather than do                                                   宁愿…不愿做

5.          hear of…                                                                     听说

6.          make friends with                                                              和……交友

7.          photo album                                                                    像册

8.          too personal                                                                  太私人化

9.          not interesting\special \creative enough                       不够有趣

10.       make a special meal                                                           做一顿特别的饭

11.       an 8-year-old child                                                           一个六岁的孩子

12.       these days                                                                     最近

13.       not…at all                                                                    根本不

14.       different kinds of                                                              不同种类

15.       make her happy                                                                使她高兴

16.       someone else                                                                 别人(else总是后置)

17.       improve English                                                               提高英语

18.       in different ways                                                               以不同的方式

19.       encourage sb to do                                                              鼓励某人做

20.       make(great) progress                                                                          取得进步

21.       take an interest in/be interested in                              对……感兴趣

22.       on my twelfth\twentieth birthday

23.       a goldfish—two goldfish

24.       a pig named\called Connie

25.       from across China

26.       enter a test by singing popular English songs

27.       come from all age groups

28.       the winner of the women’s competition

29.       win the prize

30.       try to speak English more

31.       a spokesperson from the Olympic Committee

32.       hear of

33.       many other fun ways to learn English

34.       make friends with a native speaker of English

35.       find a good way to learn to learn English

本单元目标句型:

1.          What should I get my mom for her birthday?   我应该为我的妈妈买什么?

2.          Why don’t you/Why not buy /What about buying/How about buying a scarf? 为什么不买条围巾呢?

3.          What’s the best gift you have ever received?    你曾收到的最好礼物是什么?

4.          What a lucky guy!                                多幸运的家伙!

5.          I think a dog is a good pet for a 6-year-old child.

6.          Really? I don’t agree. Dogs are too difficult to take care of.

7.          What are advantages and disadvantages of keeping such a pet?

8.          The trendiest kind of pet these days is the pot-bellied pig.

9.          Pot-bellied pigs make the best pets.

10.       However, life with a pig isn’t always perfect.

11.       Now she is too big to sleep in the house, so I made her a special pig house.

12.       The movie was boring. I fell asleep half way through it.

13. A leaf from a tree is enough to make her very happy.

13.       Gift giving is different in different countries.

14.       The same gift may be given away to someone else.

15.       In the USA, some people ask their families and friends to give money to charity rather than

buy them gifts.

16.       In Sweden, doing something for someone is the best gift. People don’t need to spend too much money. Instead, making a meal is enough.

17.       China will be the host for the 20## Olympics and so many Chinese people try to improve their English in different ways.

China will hold the….

18.       Nearly all the singers sang very clearly, and looked comfortable on stage.

19.       Some of these singers were able to sing English songs just as well as native speakers.

20.       She said that singing English songs made her more interested in learning English.

21.       He agrees that it is a good idea to have fun with English.

22.       It suggests ways for Beijingers to take an interest in learning English.

Unit 9  Have you ever been to an amusement park?

1.          take a ride                                                                       兜风

2.          take the subway

3.          have been to, have gone to

4.          on the one hand, on the other hand

5.          a good place to practice your English

6.          outside of China

7.          end up                                                                       结束

8.          take a holiday/vacation                                               度假

9.          all year round                                                                全年

10.       such as                                                                      例如

11.       a zoo called/named…                                                一个叫做……的动物园

12.       during the daytime                                                            在白天

13.       wake up                                                          醒来

14.       wake somebody up                                                           唤醒/叫醒某人

15.       have a great/nice/wonderful/great time              玩得高兴

16.       a wonderful place to take a holiday/to visit                 一个度假/游览的好地方

17.       an English-speaking country                                      一个讲英语的国家

18.       be asleep=fall asleep                                        睡着

19.       go on a DISNEY cruise

20.       travel to another province of China

21.       the reasons for learning English

22.       an exchange student

23.       improve my listening skills

24.       one….,the other..

25.       Three quarters of the population are Chinese.    四分之三的人口是中国人(谓语动词用复数形式)

26.       What’s the population of China?                                中国的人口是多少?(不用how much提问)

27.       the population of China is 1.3 billion                          中国的人口是13亿。(谓动词用单形式)

本单元目标句型:

1.  Me neither.

2.          It’s fun to learn another language.

3.          Disneyland is an amusement park, but we can also call it a theme park.

4.          It has all the normal attractions you can find at an amusement park, but it also has a theme.

5.          the roller coaster is themed with Disney characters.

6.          You can see Disney characters walking around Disneyland all the time.

7.          These are huge boats that also have the Disney theme. You can take a ride on the boat for several days, and you sleep and eat on board.

8.          There are also many attractions on board just like any other Disneyland.

9.          The boat rides all take different routes, but they all end up in the same place.

10.       It is just so much fun in Disneyland.

11.       Here’s what two of our students said about our school.

12.       When I was a young girl, all I ever wanted to do was traveling, and I decided that the best way to do this was to become a flight attendant .

13.       I discovered that the most important requirement was to speak English well, so I studied English at the Hilltop Language School for five years before I became a flight attendant.

14.       It was because I could speak English that I got the job.

15.       It’s all I have ever wanted to be.

16.       However, I know that I have to improve my English, so I have started taking lessons at the school.

17.       Maybe when I leave school I’ll think about becoming an English teacher rather than a tour guide.

18.       What other job is he thinking of doing?

19.       You can rent bicycles at the amusement park.

20.       For many Chinese tourists, this small island in Southeast Asia is a wonderful place to take a holiday.

21.       Maybe you fear that you won’t be able to find anything to eat in a foreign country.

22.       However, if you ‘re feeling brave, Singapore is an excellent place to try new food.

23.       If you go to see lions, tigers, or foxes during the daytime, they’ll probably a asleep.

24.       One great thing about Singapore is that the temperature is almost the same all year round..this is because the island is so close to the equator. So you can choose to go whenever you like—spring, summer, or winter.

现在完成时句型举例:

1.          Have you ever been to an amusement park?      你曾经去过游乐园吗?Yes, I have./ No, I haven’t.

2.          I have never been there. Me neither=Neither have I. 我也没有.

3.          Where is he? He has gone to the Beijing.

4.          How long has he been in Beijing?                   (不能用come/arrive)

5.          I’ve never been to an aquarium.                            我从没去过水族馆.

6.          I have been a student here for a year.                                                      我成为这的学生有一年了. (不能用become)

  =I became a student here a year ago.

7.          He has been dead for two years.(不能用die)=he died two years ago.

8.          I have been a teacher since ten years ago(for ten years.) (不能用become)

9.          I have just/ever/already/never seen the movie. Have you ever heard of the man before?

现在完成时

1.现在完成时态表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。本时态标志词:

already (“已经”,用于肯定句中,放在have /has之后或句尾);

yet (“仍然”“还”,用于疑问句或否定句的句尾)

just(“刚刚”,放在have /has之后);

before(“以前”,放在句尾);

ever(“曾经”,放在have /has之后)

never (“从没有”,在have /has之后)

例句:

1.Our teacher has just left.                                               

2.We have studied English already.

3.I have not finished the homework yet.           

4.He has never been to Beijing before.

2.某个动作从过去已经开始,一直持续到现在,还有可能持续到将来.动作的持续性要通过一段时间来表示一段时间的表达方法有两种:

for: +一段时间   for a year     for two weeks   for three years

Since +过去的某一时刻, since nine     since last week

  Since +一般过去时态的时间状语从句 since you came ;  since you got home.

注意:结束性动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用,但是它们可以转换成相应的延续性动词.

1.直接用延续性动词

 buy– have;catch(get) a cold –have a cold;borrow—keep;become—be;put on-- wear

2.转换成be+名词

 join the army – be a soldier;join the Party –be a Party member;

go to school– be a student 

3转换成be+形容词或副词

  die—be dead;finish – be over;begin—be on;leave—be away ; fall sleep – be asleep    close – be closed  come to/ go to/arrive at(in)+某地—be in(at) +某地

4.转换成 be+介词短语go to school– be in school ; get up_ be up;

现在完成时态常见标志词

1.          already(已经), just(刚刚), never(从未/从没有), ever(曾经), yet(仍然/还), before(以前(句尾时)       

2.          since+点时刻或从句;    for+段时间; how long(疑问句中用来提问since/for短语的)

3.          so far;till now;by now(到目前为止;迄今)

4.          recently近来                         in the past/last+段时间 在过去的几年中                

5.          once(一次),twice, three(four…) times

6.          It is the+最高级+n.+ (that) sb.have ever done 

    例:What’s the best gift you have ever received?      你曾收到的最好礼物是什么?知识点:

1.                      neither开头的倒装句:在英语中“Neither+助动词/情态动词/+主语”这个倒装结构是一种否定形式,表示“两者都不”。如,I can’t work out the problem. Neither can Li Ming.

2.                      be from, come from:两者都为“从…来,出自…”;表示“出身于…”,应用come from

【注意】问别人的出身或叙述自己的出身时,时态一定要用一般现在时,如果时态为一般过去时,则表示“从…地方来”。

7.Population的用法:1)population是个集合名词,意思为“人口,人数”,常用来指人口的总称。被看作一个整体时,一般不加-s,在句中作主语时,谓语动词多用单数形式。如,The population of China is about1,300,000,000.

2)如果指一个整体中有多少人数是干什么的时候,谓语动词要用复数形式,这时强调的是一部分人。如,Half of the population in that country are farmers.3)表示“…的人口”时,既可用“the population of+地名”,也可用“the population in +地点”,作主语中心词时谓语动词用单数形式。如,The population in Shenyang is about 8 million.4)表示某国,某城市有多少人口时,用have/has a population of…结构。如,New Zealand has a population of 3,800,000.5)对人口数量提问用what或what large。用large或big表示人口多,用small表示人口少。

8.If的用法:if引导的条件状语从句表示“如果…”。构成形式为“主句+一般将来时态+if从句+一般现在时态”,或“If从句+一般现在时态,主句+一般将来时态”;if还可以引导虚拟语气,表示假设的情况或是发生的可能性不大的情况,从句用过去的某种时态。

9.Sleepy,sleeping:sleepy可作表语或定语,意思为“想睡的,困的”,可用very 修饰;sleeping所修饰的名词可以是人也可以是物。

Unit 10 Its a nice day, isnt it?

1.  feel like doing=want to do sth.                                            想做某事

2.  like to do sth./like doing sth.                                      喜欢做某事

3.  would like to do=want to do                                      想要做某事

4.  like sb. to do                                                                                想要某人做某事

5.  feel like sth.                                                                                觉得像….

6.  have a hard/difficult time doing sth                            费了很大劲做某事

7.  have problem doing sth                                              做某事有困难

8.  have fun doing sth                                                              乐于做某事

9.  need to do sth.                                                                    需要做某事(主语是人,强调主动)

10.                           need doing=need to be done                                      需要被…(主语是物,强调被动)

 例如:I need to do my homework   The bike needs mending/reparing

11.                           a thank-you note  for..                                                         感谢信

12.                           look through                                                                浏览

13.                           get along/ on well with                                              相处得好

14.                           at least                                                                                        至少                  

15.                           at most                                                                                        最多

16.                           be careful =look out                                                         当心,小心

17.                           be careful to do/not to do sth.                                             小心做/不做某事

18.                           cross a street =go across a street                               过街(穿过表面)  

19.                           go through                                                                                  穿过(空间/房间/森林等)

20.                           go past                                                                                        经过/路过

21.                           come along                                                                  跟着来

22.                           say in a low/loud voice                                              小声地/大声地说

23.                           something cost+钱= something is worth+钱    某物值多少钱

24.                           a high/low temperature                                              高/低温

25.                           the price is high/low                                                           价格高/低

26.                           do/try one’s best to do sth.                                        努力/尽力做某事

27.                           by noon

28.                           look through books in a bookstore

29.                           a boy you’ve never seen before.

1.          Thank you so much for asking/inviting /having me!非常感谢你邀请我

2.          How much does that shirt cost=How much is the shirt?那件衬衣值多少钱?

3.          He sure is.

4.          This is great weather, isn’t it? It sure is. But it’s a little hot for me.

5.          The line is slow, isn’t it?

6.          Their prices are really low, aren’t they?

7.          How big is your apartment?

8.          Did you see the game on TV Friday night?

9.          Sometimes it isn’t easy being the new kid at school.

10.       The video you showed was really fun.

11.       I was having a hard time finding it until you came along.

12.       Friends like you make it a lot easier to get along in a new place.

13.       Thanks for the tickets for next week’s game.I’m really happy to have the tickets.

14.       I’ll think of you as we watch the Black Socks win the game.

15.       The traffic is very busy at this time.

16.       I’m going to look through the newspaper for a holiday job.

17.       Be careful to look both ways before you cross the street.

18.       If you have finished your homework, you could help with cleaning and cooking.

知识点:

1.反意疑问句:1)反意疑问句的含义:当对所陈述的某种情况不确定而反问对方时,常用反意疑问句来表达。2)反意疑问句的构成:陈述句+简略疑问句→前部分肯定陈述句+后部分否定疑问句;前部分否定陈述句+后部分肯定疑问句。3)使用反意疑问句时的注意事项:a.前后两部分要在人称上保持一致。b.时态要保持一致(或动词要保持一致)c.回答的一致性(特别注意中文翻译)。注意:yes与no后面的回答部分要一致。4)使用反意疑问句时的特殊情况:a.在祈使句后进行附加疑问句时,用will you表示请求。b.在Let’s后面,常用shall we,表示征询意见。c.在Let us…后面进行附加疑问时,用will you,这一点属于祈使句范围。d 在英语口语中,I am 后面的附加疑问句部分常用aren’t I .e 由nothing作主语的句子,附加问句中人称代词用it.f.由nobody作主语的句子,附加问句中用they代替nobody.g.如果陈述句部分主语是everyone,someone,anyone,no one等不定代词,其附加疑问句部分的主语可以用he,也可用they.h There be…后面的附加疑问句部分仍用there. i.s如果陈述句部分含有否定副词never,few,little等词时,则其附加疑问句部分用肯定形式。J.反意疑问句要求用yes或no来回答,当陈述句部分为否定形式时,回答要特别注意两种语言的表达习惯的不同,注意根据实际情况前后保持一致。

2.cost, price:cost作名词时表示“费用”,通常指服务费,学习费,生活费或房租费等,price通常指具体物品的价格。询问价钱用how much来提问。

3.at lest:至少,最少。其中least为little的最高级,little的比较级为less; 无论如何

4.Prepare的用法:1)prepare for为…做准备,相当于get ready for2)prepare+名词+for +名词,意思为“为…准备…”.3)prepare+名词+to do sth意思为“为…而做准备。”4)prepare to do准备做某事

相关推荐