名人生平事迹(个人总结)

名人生平事迹(个人总结)

jazzdrum

1. Roosevelt (罗斯福) 在面对big depression 采取有效的经济措施 对比可为 Adolf Hitler

他却发动战争

2. 托马斯 爱迪生(Thomas Edison) 发明点灯泡so that the digital and electronic era

3. Noiman’s idea of computer

4. Nixon’s Watergate scandal ,Bill Clinton sexual scandal 可用于描写政治家

5. Van Gogh 不能被contemporary appreciate and comprehend

6. Churchill 在二战时作出自己的明知的选择不过大多数英国人的反对和苏联,美国联盟

7. Karl Benz produce the automobile

8. Homer(荷马)整理前人的作品 可用于类似于issue75

9. Aristotle利用点很多

10. Archimedes (阿基米德) when taking a bath, he found the principle of buoyancy

11. Dante(但丁) 艰苦的环境下为了自己的理想和信念 作品 Divine comedy

12. Joan of Arc (贞德) French military leader and heroine 为了独立和国家人民

13. Columbus(哥伦布) 利用点 那篇目的和中间的发现

14. Da vinci(达芬奇) Mona Lisa 蒙那里莎

15. Copernicus(哥白尼) 利用点很多

16. Socrates(苏格拉的) Greek philosopher the teacher of plato, 最后被迫害, 利用点 Thinker

can’t be paid enough attention

17. 孔子 Confucius 利用点同上

18. Michelangelo(米开朗基罗)

19. Magellan(麦哲伦)

20. Cervantes(塞万提斯) create the works of Quixote(唐吉诃德) 利用点 艺术家需要资助,艺

术家被迫害

21. Shakespeare( 莎士比亚) 利用点很多

22. Bacon(培根) knowledge is the power

23. Newton found the law of the classical physics

24. Rousseau卢梭 被迫害

25. Gorge Washington 华盛顿 领导美国独立战争,并成为第一界总统

26. Watt 改良蒸气机

27. Jefferson the drafter of the declaration of independence 知识渊博, once said the knowledge

is the power, the knowledge is the happiness, the knowledge is the safety

28. Adam Smith(亚当 史密斯) advocate the idea of the competition impelling the development

of the society

29. Goethe(歌德) spend nearly sixty years on the works of Faust (浮士德), 利用点,个人兴趣和

执着的目标指导一个人奋勇向前

30. Beethoven(贝多芬) the glorious and outstanding symphonies of the Hero, Fate

31. Hegle (黑格尔) the contradiction drives the society as a whole ahead

32. Robert Owen(欧文) who is the utopian socialist

33. Faraday(法拉第) who discovered the law of the electromagnetic

34. John Brown 开始是理想主意者,后来变成realist,主张用暴力废奴

35. Lincoln (林肯) who led the civil way or the war between the states to emancipate the slave

36. Darwin(达尔文) his great work Origin of species

37. Pasteur(巴斯德) famous and renowned doctor who even taste the law of the virus by himself

38. Einstein(爱因斯坦) who is the founder of the modern physics and the relativism

39. Galileo 都被用烂了,利用点我就不说了

最后写一下自己对用名人事迹的心得, 关键是记住他们的名字和相关背景,其他不用记得太多,到具体写的时候在根据具体情况现遍,屡试不爽.如还有什么不清楚的咱们再交流,

 

第二篇:名人生平事迹(个人总结)

名人生平事迹(个人总结)

jazzdrum

1. Roosevelt (罗斯福) 在面对big depression 采取有效的经济措施 对比可为 Adolf Hitler

他却发动战争

2. 托马斯 爱迪生(Thomas Edison) 发明电灯泡so that the digital and electronic era

3. Noiman’s idea of computer

4. Nixon’s Watergate scandal ,Bill Clinton sexual scandal 可用于描写政治家

5. Van Gogh 不能被contemporary appreciate and comprehend

6. Churchill 在二战时作出自己的明智的选择不过大多数英国人的反对和苏联,美国联盟

7. Karl Benz produce the automobile

8. Homer(荷马)整理前人的作品 可用于类似于issue75

9. Aristotle利用点很多

10. Archimedes (阿基米德) when taking a bath, he found the principle of buoyancy

11. Dante(但丁) 艰苦的环境下为了自己的理想和信念 作品 Divine comedy

12. Joan of Arc (贞德) French military leader and heroine 为了独立和国家人民

13. Columbus(哥伦布) 利用点 那篇目的和中间的发现

14. Da vinci(达芬奇) Mona Lisa 蒙那里莎

15. Copernicus(哥白尼) 利用点很多

16. Socrates(苏格拉的) Greek philosopher the teacher of plato, 最后被迫害, 利用点 Thinker

can’t be paid enough attention

17. 孔子 Confucius 利用点同上

18. Michelangelo(米开朗基罗)

19. Magellan(麦哲伦)

20. Cervantes(塞万提斯) create the works of Quixote(唐吉诃德) 利用点 艺术家需要资助,艺

术家被迫害

21. Shakespeare( 莎士比亚) 利用点很多

22. Bacon(培根) knowledge is the power

23. Newton found the law of the classical physics

24. Rousseau卢梭 被迫害

25. Gorge Washington 华盛顿 领导美国独立战争,并成为第一界总统

26. Watt 改良蒸气机

27. Jefferson the drafter of the declaration of independence 知识渊博, once said the knowledge

is the power, the knowledge is the happiness, the knowledge is the safety

28. Adam Smith(亚当 史密斯) advocate the idea of the competition impelling the development

of the society

29. Goethe(歌德) spend nearly sixty years on the works of Faust (浮士德), 利用点,个人兴趣和

执着的目标指导一个人奋勇向前

30. Beethoven(贝多芬) the glorious and outstanding symphonies of the Hero, Fate

31. Hegle (黑格尔) the contradiction drives the society as a whole ahead

32. Robert Owen(欧文) who is the utopian socialist

33. Faraday(法拉第) who discovered the law of the electromagnetic

34. John Brown 开始是理想主意者,后来变成realist,主张用暴力废奴

35. Lincoln (林肯) who led the civil war or the war between the states to emancipate the slave

36. Darwin(达尔文) his great work Origin of species

37. Pasteur(巴斯德) famous and renowned doctor who even taste the law of the virus by himself

38. Einstein(爱因斯坦) who is the founder of the modern physics and the relativism

39. Galileo 都被用烂了,利用点我就不说了

最后写一下自己对用名人事迹的心得, 关键是记住他们的名字和相关背景,其他不用记得太多,到具体写的时候在根据具体情况现遍,屡试不爽.如还有什么不清楚的咱们再交流, Roosevelt (罗斯福) 在面对big depression 采取有效的经济措施 对比可为

Adolf

Hitler 他却发动战争

2. 托马斯 爱迪生(Thomas Edison) 发明点灯泡so that the digital and electronic

era

3. Noiman's idea of computer

4. Nixon's Watergate scandal ,Bill Clinton sexual scandal 可用于描写政治家

5. Van Gogh 不能被contemporary appreciate and comprehend

6. Churchill 在二战时作出自己的明知的选择不过大多数英国人的反对和苏联,美国联

7. Karl Benz produce the automobile

8. Homer(荷马)整理前人的作品 可用于类似于issue75

9. Aristotle利用点很多

10. Archimedes (阿基米德) when taking a bath, he found the principle of buoyancy

11. Dante(但丁) 艰苦的环境下为了自己的理想和信念 作品 Divine comedy

12. Joan of Arc (贞德) French military leader and heroine 为了独立和国家人民

13. Columbus(哥伦布) 利用点 那篇目的和中间的发现

14. Da vinci(达芬奇) Mona Lisa 蒙那里莎

15. Copernicus(哥白尼) 利用点很多

16. Socrates(苏格拉的) Greek philosopher the teacher of plato, 最后被迫害, 利

用点 Thinker can't be paid enough attention

17. 孔子 Confucius 利用点同上

18. Michelangelo(米开朗基罗)

19. Magellan(麦哲伦)

20. Cervantes(塞万提斯) create the works of Quixote(唐吉诃德) 利用点 艺术家需

要资助,艺术家被迫害

21. Shakespeare( 莎士比亚) 利用点很多

22. Bacon(培根) knowledge is the power

23. Newton found the law of the classical physics

24. Rousseau卢梭 被迫害

25. Gorge Washington 华盛顿 领导美国独立战争,并成为第一界总统

26. Watt 改良蒸气机

27. Jefferson the drafter of the declaration of independence 知识渊博, once

said the knowledge is the power, the knowledge is the happiness, the knowled

ge is the safety

28. Adam Smith(亚当 史密斯) advocate the idea of the competition impelling t

he development of the society

29. Goethe(歌德) spend nearly sixty years on the works of Faust (浮士德), 利

用点,个人兴趣和执着的目标指导一个人奋勇向前

30. Beethoven(贝多芬) the glorious and outstanding symphonies of the Hero, F 收藏 分享 评分

issue6"The most effective way to understand contemporary culture is to analyze the trends of its youth年轻人."

这个很有道理, 不过我刚看一眼把its youth 理解成国家的“年轻时”,就是想要了解现在的国家可以去去分析它的过去晕了

I agree,这个倒是符合梁启超的少年中国说

1young people represent the new culture and new era, they are liable to accept new technologies and culture.

like more young people are familiar with computer,mp4,they celebrate foreign festivals and make it popular...

2 on average, they they are more creative that the old generation, they can make a unique culture of their own.

3.but they are capricious

issue13"Many of the world's lesser-known languages are being lost as fewer and fewer people speak them. The governments of countries in which these languages are spoken should act to prevent such languages from becoming extinct."

萨该就是说小语种应该受到保护,以为语言是文化的体现所以也归为一类

这个我不同意,不知道从哪里听到故事说不同的语言是上帝对人类的忌讳,怕人们在统一交流的情况下,进步得太快

1,the most important effect of language is communication and record, that's the reason why it exists.

2.if without this meaning, many languages are unnecessary to devote financial and people to keep it...waste

issrue81 "Patriotic reverence for the history of a nation often does more to impede than to encourage progress."

对国家历史的带有爱国主义色彩的崇敬往往对国家发展起阻碍作用,而不是推动作用

这个问题很麻烦,我不同意这个观点

以日本来说就是最好的例子

1,patriotic reverence for the history is like the cohesion of a big family, which make every member work hard for its better future.

2.what a pity if there is not any respect of patriot in their nation, the nation may break up easily.

3.Patriotic reverence for the history also should be guided in right direction, and educated in a proper way, or else it will mislead the nation. bad results like terrorism and militarism.

issue10 "Governments must ensure that their major cities receive the financial support they need in order to thrive, because it is primarily in cities that a nation's cultural traditions are preserved and generated." [05/27; 06/1]

政府必须要确保主要城市发展所需的财政支持,因为一个国家的文化传统主要是在城市中得以保存和发展。

disagree

the big cities have already developed better, with prosperous economy and life standard, than small towns and countryside.

though the major cities keep the more ancient palaces and building, but the people in bid cities who have a faster living rhythms and pay few attention to the old culture and custom. in china, the village save more traditional culture and festivals.

63 "To truly understand your own culture -- no matter how you define it -- requires personal knowledge of at least one other culture, one that is distinctly different from your own."

意思也就是说,要更好的了解自身文化应该了解一些完全不同的外来文化。

I basically agree

1.only one culture always make people just stay inside ,and take for granted any the parts they know as the defination of culture.

2.in the era of globlization, it is possible cultures will cross the boundary of each other.we need to adapt the difference of other cultures,

3.compare between the different aspects make one truely understand one's own culture

111"The worldwide distribution of television programs and advertisements is seriously diminishing the differences among cultures."

I basically agree

1. nowadays tv programs is a connection among different areas, nations and cultures. you can watch it very conveniently and simultaneously.

2.it represents almost the real world with recording the cultures, views or different life styles

3.though it still has limited after people changed for some certain reasons such commercial attention ,art or just for image manipulation

207"Rituals and ceremonies help define a culture. Without them, societies or groups of people have a diminished sense of who they are."

agree

这个很好说,先说为什么要守,好处

再说为什么不能不守,坏处

平衡一下

26"Most people would agree that buildings represent a valuable record of any society's past, but controversy arises when old buildings stand on ground that modern planners feel could be better used for modern purposes. In such situations, modern development should be given precedence over the preservation of historic buildings so that contemporary needs can be served.

很多人认为建筑代表了一个社会过去的历史价值,但是当现代城市的规划者想要利用老建筑占用的地盘做新的规划时,就会引起很多争辩。在这样的情况下,现代的发展应该优先被考虑,以使当代的需要得到满足。

can you imagine london without the big ben, paris without

the triumphal arch?

1.some historic buildings are not just the architecture represent the ancient structure and history, and also becomes the symbol of the country and nation.

2.they are art and bequest from our predecessor.

issue48 the study of history places too much emphasis on individuals. The most significant events and trends in history were made possible not by the famous few, but by groups of people whose identities have long been

政治课本上说过的,历史是人民大众所创造

感慨一定很多

1. In science history,maybe some theories were created by several individuals. but the went though generations to fix them, as EINSTeIN said, i 'm just lucky to stand on the shoulders of two giants.非原文

2. In social history, The leaders have to obey people's wills.

issue 54 "History teaches us only one thing: knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today.

以古鉴今,

我们从前人的错误或者是成就上来建设更好的今天,

History is useful for society

History is useful for sciences

History is useful for individual person.

Admittedly, there are new occasions we have to cope with our own without any precedents in history to refer to. In this situation we should use our Imagination, creation to deal with them. Then what we do becomes a part of history and we contribute our humble effort to the development of human beings.

103 "The study of history has value only to the extent that it is relevant to our daily lives."

研究历史的价值只体现在这种研究和我们的日常生活相关时。

110 "When we concern ourselves with the study of history, we become storytellers. Because we can never know the past directly but must construct it by interpreting evidence, exploring history is more of a creative enterprise than it is an objective pursuit. All historians are storytellers."

当我们研究历史时,我们变成了讲故事的人。因为我们无从直接知道过去发生的事情,必须通过一些证据来构建,所以历史研究是一个有创造成分的领域,而并非一个客观的学科。所有的历史学家都是讲故事的人。

120 "So much is new and complex today that looking back for an understanding of the past provides little guidance for living in the present."

现代生活是崭新、复杂的,认知过去对现在没有指导价值。

125 "The past is no predictor of the future."

过去并不能预示将来。 这个和前面的54可以看成是一个

189 "If people disregard the great works of the past, it is because these works no longer answer the needs of the present."

如果人们忽视了过去的伟大成就,那是因为这些成就已不能再回应目前的需要。

226 "People are mistaken when they assume that the problems they confront are more complex and challenging than the problems faced by their predecessors. This illusion is eventually dispelled with increased knowledge and experience."

人们总是错误地认为自己面临的问题要比前人来得更复杂和更具有挑战性。不断增加的知识和经验最终消除这种假象。(现在和过去)

221 "The chief benefit of the study of history is to break down the illusion that people in one period of time are significantly different from people who lived at any other time in history."

研究历史最明显的好处就是消除了这样的错觉,某个时代的人们与历史上另一个时代的人们有重大的差别

1.it appears that during different times people often were different.However, history tell us the conclusion is wrong.

2.history has many other functions, thus it's hard to judge which is more important.

such as conseving the culture, seek the origin of the society and culture, finding examples, teach a lesson, summarize the law,

历史类的题似乎考得很多,背几个自己熟悉例子几乎就可以通用

比如下面是摘得,比较著名的可以灵活利用

compound v.混和 adj.复合的

(类)soldier?army=element?compound 士兵?军队=元素?混合物(前者组成后者)

(反)compound ◆ separate 混和 ◆ 分开

compound ◆ elemental 复合的 ◆ 基础的

compress vt. 压缩(to reduce in size or volume as if by squeezing) (类)constrict?diameter=compress?size 收缩?直径 = 压缩 ?尺寸(减少关系)

(反)increase in volume 数量增加 distention 膨胀

compromise n. 妥协,折衷(to come to agreement by mutual concession) (类)mediation?compromise=prosecution?conviction 调停?折衷=起诉?定罪(目的关系)

implacable?compromise=honest?swindle 不缓和的?妥协=诚实的?诈骗 (反)intransigent ◆ open to compromise 顽固的 ◆ 乐于妥协 polemical ◆ compromising 好争论的 ◆ 妥协的

temporize ◆ unwilling to compromise 见风使舵 ◆ 不愿意妥协 (记)com(互相)+promise(承诺)→互相承诺→妥协

compulsive adj. 强迫症的,被强迫的,压抑不住的

compulsory adj. 必需做的, 必修的, 被强迫的

compunction n. 后悔(anxiety arising from awareness of guilt) (反)compunction ◆ absence of misgiving 后悔 ◆ 没有疑虑 (记)com+punc(刺)→不断被刺痛→后悔

concatenate v. 连结(to link together in a series or chain;articulate) (反)concatenate ◆ separate 连结 ◆ 分开

concave adj. 凹的(hollowed or rounded inward like the inside of a bowl)v. 凹陷

(记)cave n. 洞穴

SCOOP: CONCAVE 勺:凹的

tongs: hollow

spatula: flat

beater: tined

cleaver: indented

skewer: rounded

钳子:空的

抹刀:平的

搅拌器:尖齿状的

切肉刀:锯齿状的

串肉杆:圆的

答案:(B)

conceal v. 隐藏(to prevent disclosure or recognition of) (反)unearth ◆ conceal 挖出 ◆ 隐藏

(同)hide,bury, cache, cover

concede v. 承认(to grant as a right or privilege),让步 (反)concede ◆ refuse to grant 承认 ◆ 拒绝承认

concession ◆ aggress 让步 ◆ 侵犯

(同)admit, acknowledge, avow, confess, grant

concentrate v. 集中(focus),浓缩(to make less dilute) (反)concentrate ◆ dilute solution 浓缩 ◆ 稀释溶液

deploy ◆ concentrate 展开 ◆ 集中

(记)con(共同)+centra(中心)→一起到中心来→集中

concession n.让步

conciliate v. 安抚,调和(to overcome the distrust or animosity of; appease)

(类)sop?conciliatory=subsidy?supportive 安抚物?安抚的=补助金?支援性的

(反)conciliate安抚 ◆ vex 使恼怒 nettle 激怒 rile 激怒 discontent ◆ conciliate 不满 ◆ 调和

contentious ◆ conciliatory 好争吵的 ◆ 调和的

belligerent ◆ conciliatory 好战的 ◆ 调和的

(同)appease, assuage, mollify, placate, propitiate

concor n.一致,和睦 (a state of agreement;harmony)

(类)inconsonant?concord=scatter?overlap 不一致的?一致=分散?重叠(反义)

(反)dissension纠纷 dissonance不一致 schism分裂 enmity敌意 rancor怨恨

(记)con+cord(绑在一起)→一致

concur vi. 意见相同,一致(to act together to a common end or single effect)

(反)naysay 反对 dissent 不同意

(同)coincide, concert, concur, harmonize

condign adj. 应得的,恰当的(deserved, appropriate)

(反)condign ◆ undeserved/unmerited 应得的 ◆ 不应得的/ 不配的 (同)just, appropriate, deserved, merited, requisite

(记)con(加强)+dign(= dignity尊严,高贵)→做事情非常有尊严的→恰当的

condole vi. 表达同情或悲伤(to express sympathetic sorrow)

(类)condolence?sympathy/compassion=gibe?derision 表示同情?同情=嘲笑?嘲笑

(记)con(一样)+dole(悲哀)→一样悲哀→表达同情 参考:doleful / dolesome悲哀的

区别:condole 不及物:表达慰问之情 I condoled with him in his loss. 我对他的损失表示同情

console 及物:安慰,慰问某人console a friend in grief 安慰一个正处悲伤的朋友

condone vt. 宽恕(to pardon or overlook voluntarily)

(类)bristle?anger=vacillate?unresolution 发怒?愤怒=忧郁不定?不坚决(动名同义)

干扰:(condone?mercy)(condemn?warning)

(反)denounce 谴责exact 强求

(同)excuse, pardon, forgive

conducive adj. 有益的,有促进的(tending to promote or assist) (类)conducive?foment=tonic?invigorate 促进的?促进=激励的?鼓舞(形动同义)

【注】foment :to promote the growth of; incite. 促进?的发展;激励

confident adj. 有信心的,自信的(self-reliant)

(类)confident?timid=open?shy 有信心的?胆小的=外向的?害羞的 (反义)

confidence?arrogant=inquiry?interrogatory 自信?傲慢的=询问?质问的 (褒贬)

(记)con(加强)+fide(相信)→完全相信→有信心

参考:perfidious背信弃义的;confidentiality n. 秘密,机密;信任 confine vt. 禁闭 (something that restrains)

(类)loose?confinement=disabuse?misconception 解放解除禁闭=使省悟消除错误观念

(记)con+fine(限制)→禁闭 finite有限的

(同)limit, ircumscribe,delimitate, prelimit, restrict confiscate

confluence n.汇合(a coming or flowing together, meeting, or gathering at one point)

(类)confluence?streams=junction?roads 汇合?溪流=交叉?道路(事物及其相关对象)

(反)confluence ◆ divergence 汇合 ◆ 分歧

(记)con(共同)+flu(流)→流到一起→汇合

(同)concourse, concursion, gathering, junction

confront vt. 使面对,对抗 (to face especially in challenge;oppose) (类)craven?confront=honest?deceive 怯懦的?对抗=诚实的?欺骗(反面特征)

(反)circumvent ◆ confront 包围 ◆ 正面对抗

(记)con+front(面对)→对抗

(同)affront, encounter, face, meet

confound v. 混淆(to fail to discern differences between) (反)confound ◆ discriminate between 混淆 ◆ 区分

(例)confound fiction and fact. 把事实与假设混为一谈

congenial adj. 温和的(sociable,genial)

(反)dour ◆ congenial/genial 严厉的 ◆ 温和的

congruent adj.和谐一致的,全等的(being in agreement, harmony, or correspondence)

(类)congruent?dimension=coeval?age 全等的?尺寸=同时代的?时代(前者修饰后者)

incongruent?conform=recalcitrant?obey 不协调的难以使一致=反抗的难以服从

clandestine?secrecy=harmony?congruity 秘密的?秘密=一致的?一致 (同义)

(反)variance ◆ congruity 不一致 ◆ 一致

congruent ◆ disagreeable 和谐一致的 ◆ 不合意的

(同)harmonious , corresponding

conjecture n./ v.推测,猜测(inference from defective or presumptive evidence)

(反)conjecture ◆ restrain from the speculation 推测 ◆ 不准猜测 conjecture ◆ fact 猜测 ◆ 事实

(记)con+ject(推,抛)→全部推测 参考:project设计,方案,作业;发射

(同)guess, presume, pretend, suppose, surmise, think

connive vi. 暗中合作, 密谋(to cooperate secretly or have a secret understanding)

(类)connive?cooperate=pry?watch 暗中合作?合作=窥探?注视(秘密与正常)

uncouth?churl=conspiratorial?conniver 粗俗的?粗野的人=阴谋的?阴谋家(正面特征)

(同)plot, cogitate, collude, conspire, machinate,

connoisseur n. 鉴赏家 (expert who is competent to act as a critical judge)

(类)connoisseur?art=gourmet?cuisine

鉴识家?艺术=美食家?烹饪(人及其鉴赏对象)

selflessness?altruist=expertise?connoisseur

无私?利他主义者=专门技术?鉴赏家(正面特征)

【注】expertise :skill or knowledge in a particular area

(同)aesthete, cognoscente, dilettante

conquest n. 征服(the act or process of conquering)

(类)inexorable?dissuasion=indomitable?conquest 不为所动的无法劝阻=不屈服的无法征服

【注】inexorable :not capable of being persuaded by entreaty

conscientious adj. 本着良心的;负责的,谨慎的(thorough and assiduous) (反)conscientious ◆ careless 负责的 ◆ 粗心的

conscientious ◆ remiss 负责的 ◆ 疏忽的

(同)honorable, just, right, scrupulous, true

(例)a conscientious decision to speak out about injustice. 本着良心决定说出不义之事

conscript n. 被强迫征招入伍的士兵 vt. 征募

consensus n. 一致,团结(group solidarity in sentiment and belief) (类) (干扰:lesson?falsehood 教训?谎言)

consensus?factionalism=clarity?confusion 团结?党派之争=清晰?混乱 (反义)

expedition?foot dragging=consensus?factionalism 迅速?缓慢=团结?党派之争(反义)

schism?consensus=interruption?continuity 分裂的没有一致意见=中断的不具有连续性

(记)con+sens(感觉)→感觉一样→一致

consequence n. 结果,结局;重要性,价值(moment)

(类)dilettante?commitment=nonentity?consequence

业余爱好者?致力=无足轻重者?重要性(缺乏)

conservative adj. 保守的 n.保守的人(tradiyional)

(类)contumacious?authority=reactionary?change 顽固的?权威=反动的?变化(事物反面特征)

bigoted?advice=conservative?change 固执己见的:忠告=保守的:变化(前者拒绝后者) hidebound?conservative=manic?excited 死板的?保守的=疯狂的?激动的(程度)

【注】peeved?annoyed 是干扰选项,这两个词是同义不是程度关系

(反)conserve ◆ exhaust 保存(能量) ◆ 耗尽

(同)orthodox, reactionary, tory, traditionalistic

conservatory n.温室,音乐学院(a school specializing in one of the fine arts)

(类)conservatory?music=seminary?theology=observatory?astronomy 音乐学院?音乐=神学院?神学=天文台?天文学 (场所及其研究学科)

conserve vt. 保存,保全 (to keep in a safe or sound state)

(反)conserve ◆ waste/squander/exhaust 保存 ◆ 浪费/ 挥霍/ 耗尽 (同)preserve , save ,maintain

considerable adj. 值得考虑的,重要的(worth consideration;significant)

(类)restive?calmness=piddling?considerable 不安静的?平静=琐屑的?重要的 (反义)

(反)consider ◆ table考虑 ◆ 搁置

(同)important,consequential,material,momentous

(记)区别:considerate考虑周到的 记法:considerable有able→有能力的当然是重要的

consign v. 委托,托管(to give over to the care of another; entrust) (例)to consign money in a bank在银行存款 to consign goods by rail 由铁路托运货物

console vt. 安慰,藉慰(to alleviate the grief, sense of loss, or trouble of)

(类)embarrass?shame=console?comfort 使困窘?使羞愧=藉慰?安慰(同义) disturb?serenity = console?grief扰乱?平静=安慰?悲伤(消除关系) alleviate?intensity=console?grief 减轻强度=安抚悲痛

(反)console ◆ aggravate grief 安慰 ◆ 加重伤心

(同)comfort, solace, upraise

consolidate vt. 使联合,统一,巩固 (to join together into one whole;unite)

(反)consolidation ◆ fragmentation 统一 ◆ 分裂

consolidate ◆ dissolve 使联合 ◆ 解散

(记)con+solid(结实)→统一,巩固

(同)compact, concentrate, integrate

consonance n. 一致,调和(harmony or agreement among components) (类)inconsonant?concord=scatter?overlap 不协调的?一致=分散的?重叠(反义)

(反)consonant ◆ dissonant调和 ◆ 不协调

consonant ◆ discrepant一致 ◆ 不一致的

inconsonant ◆ in agreement 不一致 ◆ 一致

(同)harmony, agreement, chime, concord, tune

conspicuous adj.显著的,显而易见的(obvious to the eye or mind) (类)conspicuous?see=transparent?understand 明显的容易被看到=显然的容易被了解

hermitage?secluded=landmark?conspicuous 隐居处?隐蔽的=路标?明显的 (反)blatant ◆ inconspicuous 明显的 ◆ 不明显的

nondescript ◆ conspicuous 莫可名状的 ◆ 显而易见的

salient ◆ unconspicuous 显著的 ◆ 不显著的

prominent ◆ inconspicuous 卓越的 ◆ 不显眼的

(记)con(都)+spic(看)→都看的到的→显著

(同)noticeable, arresting, prominent, remarkable, salient, striking conspiracy n. 共谋, 阴谋(treacherous plot)

(类)uncouth?churl=conspiratorial?conniver 粗俗的?粗野的人=阴谋的?阴谋家

infiltrate?enter=conspire?plan 秘密潜入?进入=阴谋?计划

spy?watch=conspire?cooperate 侦察?观看=阴谋?合作

(记)con+spire(呼吸)→共同呼吸→搞阴谋

(同)plot, cabal, intrigue, machination, scheme

consternation n. 惊愕,呆若木鸡(a state of paralyzing dismay) (记)来自stern严格的,僵硬的;呆若木鸡就是因为震惊而表情僵硬。

constitute vt. 构成,任命(to appoint to an office, function, or dignity)

(反)abdicate ◆ constitute 退位 ◆ 任命

(记)con(一起)+stitute(建立)→组成;constitution 宪法;体格,体质

(同)create, establish, institute, organize

constitutional a.素质上的,本质的;章程的,法规的

(例)a constitutional inability to tell the truth. 生来爱撒谎的毛病 constrained adj. 束缚的,节制的

(反)constrain ◆ release 束缚 ◆ 释放

intemperate ◆ constrained 不节制的 ◆ 节制的

(记)con+strain(拉紧)→束缚的

(同)reserved, noncommittal, restrained

constringe vt. 压缩(to cause to contract; constrict)

(反)commodious ◆ constringed 宽敞的 ◆ 压缩的

construct v. 建造(to make or form by combining or arranging parts or elements)

(类)construct?remodel=compose?edit 建造?改造=创作?修改(原创和修改)

(记)con+struct(建立)→建造

consummate adj. 完美的(complete in every detail; of the highest degree)

(反)consummate ◆ amateurish 完善的 ◆ 业余的,不专业的

(同)accomplished, finished, perfected, ripe, virtuosic

contagious adj. 传染性的,会传播的(communicable by contact;catching)

(类)sprain?injure=cold?contagion 扭伤?伤=感冒?传染病 (种属) (反)contagious ◆ incommunicable 会传播的 ◆ 不能传达的

(记)con(互相)+tag(接触)→互相接触→传染 参考:contact接触intact完整无缺的

(同) infectious, catching, communicable

contaminate vt. 染污(to soil, stain, corrupt, or infect by contact) (类)

(反)contaminate ◆ purify 污染 ◆ 净化

(同)defile, pollute, soil, taint

contemplate v. 沉思(meditate on or ponder)

(例)The surgeon contemplated the difficult operation.

外科医生为这一棘手的手术苦思冥想。

content adj. 满足的(manifesting satisfaction with one's possessions)

(类)disaffected?contentment=dubious?commitment/conviction 不满的?满足=可疑的?负责/确信

gripe?discontent=praise?admiration

抱怨?不满=赞美?钦佩 (动作及表示情感)

disaffected?contentment=anxious?serenity

不满意的?满意=担忧的?平静

(反)disaffected ◆ content 不满 ◆ 满足

restiveness ◆ contentment 难以驾御 ◆ 容易满足

contented ◆ avaricious 满足 ◆ 贪婪

(同)satisfied , pleased, contented, complacent

(记)比较:contend contentious contention attentive abstention contented tentative

contentious adj.好辩的,喜争吵的(exhibiting an often perverse tendency to quarrels)

(类)meddlesome?pry=contentious?argue 多管闲事的?探察=好争吵的?争吵 (反)contentious ◆ conciliatory 喜争吵的 ◆ 安抚的

contention ◆ agreement 争论 ◆ 同意

(记)con+tent(拉)→互相拉→争论

(同)belligerent, bellicose, combative, gladiatorial, militant, truculent

contiguous adj. 紧邻的,接壤的(being in actual contact) (类)contiguous?abut=simultaneous?coincide

紧邻的?毗邻=同时发生的?同时发生(形名同义)

【注】coincide :to happen at the same time or during the same period. 同时发生

contingent adj.可能发生的,依条件而定的,偶然的

(例)Arms sales are contingent on the approval of Congress. 武器销售取决于议会的批准

contort v. 扭弯,曲解(to twist into a strained shape or expression) (类)contortion?body=grimace?face 扭弯?身体=面部扭曲?脸部(行为及其相关部位)

(同)deform, distort, misshape, torture, warp

(记)参考:tortuous 蜿蜒的distort 歪曲torture 折磨

contract v. 收缩(to reduce to smaller size by squeezing or forcing together)

(类)contract?implode=descend?plummet 收缩?内爆=下降?快速下落(程度)

(记)con(互相)+tract(拉)→收缩

contravene v. 违反,反驳,反对(to oppose in argument:CONTRADICT) (反)contravene ◆ support 支持 buttress 支持

(记)contra(反)→vene(走)→反着走→违反 参考:convene召集,集合 (同)violate, break, infringe, offend, transgress

contrite adj. 后悔的,痛悔的(grieving and penitent for sin or shortcoming)

(类)apologize?contrite=compliment?impressed

道歉?后悔的=称赞?被打动的(动作表示感情)

(反)impenitent ◆ contrite 不悔悟的 ◆ 后悔的

(同)remorseful, apologetic, compunctious, penitent, regretful contrive v. 发明, 设计, 图谋(devise)

(派)contrivance n. 发明,发明的才能,想出的办法;contrived 人为的,做作的

批注:

? ?

? check n. 阻止(to block the progress of)

(类)jolt?move=check?stop 晃动?移动=阻止?停止(同义)

(反)propagate 传播 goad 唆使 hasten 促进

(同)arrest, buck, foil, thwart, frustrate

cherubic adj. 天使的,可爱的(innocent-looking usually chubby and rosy)

(反)cherubic ◆ somber 天使般可爱的 ◆ 阴郁的

(记)cherub(小天使)+ic→天使的,可爱的

chevron n. v形臂章

(类)chevron?badge=caisson?cart v形臂章?徽章=载炮车?大车(种属)

chiaroscuro n. 明暗对照法

(类)chiaroscuro?contrast=filigree?delicacy 明暗对照法特点是对照=金银丝工艺特点是精美

chicanery n.诡计多端,欺骗 (deception by artful subterfuge) (类)chicanery?clever=tactlessness?truthful 诡计多端的?机灵? ? ?

的=不圆滑的?真诚的

(反)aboveboard action正大光明的honest dealing诚实

forthrightness坦白

(记)chic(聪明)→ 耍聪明→ 诡计多端

(同)deception, chicane, dishonesty, fraud, highbinding, trickery

chide v. 责备 (to reproach in a usually mild and constructive manner)

(类)chide?pillory=humor?mollycoddle 责备?示众=迁就?纵容(程度)

(反)chide ◆ praise 责备 ◆ 称赞

(同)reprove, admonish, monish, rebuke, reprimand, reproach ?

? chivalry n.骑士精神, 骑士制度 choreography n. 舞蹈编排(the arrangement of dances),舞蹈(art of dancing)

(类)choreography?dance=plot?story 舞蹈编排?舞蹈=小说情节?小说

choreographer?movement=architect?building 舞蹈编排者?舞蹈动作=建筑师?建筑

【注:sculptor?statue 雕塑家?雕像为干扰选项;舞蹈编排者和建筑师管设计不管施工,

雕塑家既设计又施工】

chromatic adj. 彩色的

(反)chromatic ◆ colorless 色的 ◆ 无色的

chronic adj. 长期的,慢性的(long established, as a disease) (反)chronic ◆ sporadic 长期的 ◆ 偶然的

(记)chron(时间)参考:chronological(按年代顺序的)chronicle(编年史)

(同)usual, accustomed, habitual, routine, wonted

chuckle n. 轻声笑(to laugh inwardly or quietly)

(类)chuckle?laughing=whisper?speaking 轻声笑?笑=耳语?说话 (小?正常)

churlish adj. 粗野的 (lack of civility or graciousness;boorish; rude)

(类)uncouth?churl=conspiratorial?conniver 粗俗的?粗野的人=阴谋的?阴谋家

cacophony?melody=genteel?churl 刺耳的音调?悦耳的音调=文雅的?粗野的人

(反)complaisance ◆ churlishness 彬彬有礼的 ◆ 粗野的 genteel ◆ churlish 文雅的 ◆ 粗野的

(同)surly, clownish, coarse, loutish, uncultured, unpolished ? ? ? ?

cineast n. 电影迷(a film or movie enthusiast)

(类)cineast?film=gourmand?food 电影迷?电影=美食家?食物(前者追求后者)

(干扰:sharpshooter?target 射手?目标)

(记)和cinema(电影)一起记。

circuitous adj. 迂回的(not being forthright or direct in language or action)

(类)immaterial?relevance=circuitous?directness 不重要的?重要=迂回的?直接(反义)

circuitous?directness=irresolute?decision 迂回的?直接=犹豫不决的?决定(

? 反义)

(反)circuity ◆ straightforwardness 迂回 ◆ 坦率

(同)indirect, circular, oblique, roundabout

circular adj. 圆形的(having the form of a circle;round) (类)circular?asymmetrical=protean?rigid 圆形的?不对称的=变化多端的?僵硬死板的(反义)

cistern n. 贮水器,水箱

(类)cistern?liquids=landfill?refuse 水箱?液体=垃圾填埋场?垃圾(放置场所)

(记)音近字:system 联想:水箱是一种处理水的系统

civility n. 礼貌(courtesy, politeness)

(反)civility ◆ rudeness 礼貌 ◆ 无礼

claim n. v. 要求 n. 权利(a right to something)

(类)claim?legitimated=hypothesis?confirmed 要求是需要合法化的=假设是需要证实的

lien?claim=subpoena?command 扣押权是一项权利=传票是一种命令 (反)claim ◆ renounce 要求 ◆ 放弃

clairvoyant adj. 透视的, 有洞察力的(unusually perceptive;discerning)

(类)dexterous?manipulate=prescient?predict 灵巧的?熟练操作=预见性的?预言

(记)clair(清楚)+voy(看)→看的清楚→有洞察力的

clam n. 蛤,沉默寡言的人

(类)She clammed up whenever I mentioned her husband. 每当提到他丈夫,她就不说话了。

(记)蛤(拼音:ge 2声)的形状象嘴紧紧闭着→沉默寡言 ? ? ? ?

clandestine adj. 秘密的(secret ;surreptitious)

(类)clandestine?secretly=overt?openly 秘密的?秘密地=公开的?公开地

clandestine?secrecy=harmony?congruity 秘密的?秘密=一致的?一致 (反)clandestine ◆ open 秘密的 ◆ 公开的

(同)secret, covert, furtive, stealthy, surreptitious

(记)clan 部落,小集团+ destine 命运→→秘密的

?

? clannish adj. 氏族的, 宗族排外的 clarion adj. 清澈响亮的(loud and clear)

(反)clarion ◆ soft and undistinct 清澈响亮的 ◆ 低声不可辨的

clarity n. 清楚, 透明 (the quality or state of being clear;lucidity)

(类)ambiguous?clarity=mendacious?truth 不明确的不清楚=虚假的不真实

consensus?factionalism=clarity?confusion 一致同意?党派争执=清楚?混淆(反义)

equivocation?clarity=prevarication?truth 含糊的话?清楚=搪塞的话?真实(反义)

misunderstood?clarify=erroneous?retract 误会的?澄清=错误的?撤消(后者消除前者)

ramshackle?soundness=garbled?clarity 摇摇欲坠的?坚固=混淆的?清楚(反义)

(反)equivocation 模棱两可 muddy 浑浊的 opaque 不透明的 (同)clearness, limpidity, lucidity, perspicuity, plainness

clasp n. 扣子(a device for holding objects or parts together) (类)lathe?shape=clasp?fasten 车床用来成形=扣子用来扣紧

cleft n. 裂缝 (a usually V-shaped indented formation) (类)cleft?chasm=cut?gash 裂缝? 断裂带=小切口?大伤口(程度) (同)arroyo, chasm, clove, gap, gulch

clement adj.仁慈的,温和的(inclined to be merciful;lenient) (反)clement ◆ pitiless 仁慈的 ◆ 无情的

clemency ◆ ruthlessness 仁慈的 ◆ 无情的

(同)forbearing, charitable, merciful, tolerant

clique n. 小团体(a narrow exclusive circle or group of persons) (类)clique?intimates=flock?sheep 小团体?密友=羊群?羊(组成) (同)cabal, camp, clan, coterie, mafia

clog n. 障碍, 阻塞 something that shackles or impedes ? ?

(类)clog?drainage=stalemate?negotiations 阻塞?排泄=僵局?谈判 (后者消除前者)

(同)encumbrance, hindrance, impedance, impediment

? clot n. 凝块,群 v.(使)凝结(a coagulated mass produced by clotting of blood)

(类)clot?dissolved=crowd?dispersed 凝块?溶解的=人群?散开的 (后者由前者发生)

solvent?dissolve=coagulant?clot 溶剂?溶解=凝结剂?凝结 (物品作用)

freeze?water=clot?blood 使结冰?水=使凝结?血 (后者为前者动作对象)

circumference n. 圆周(the perimeter of a circle)

(类)circumference?circle=perimeter?rectangle 圆周?圆=周界?矩形 (图形及其边界)

border?country=circumference?circle 国界?国家=圆周?圆(事物及其边界)

circumscribe vt. 限制(limit; confine)

(反)circumscribed ◆ unlimited 限制的 ◆ 无限的

(同)limit, confine, delimitate, prelimit, restrict

(例)our activities were often circumscribed. 我们的行为经常被限制。

circumspect adj.慎重的;小心的(careful to consider all circumstances

(类)rash?circumspective=imperious?servile 轻率的? 慎重的=专横的?卑屈的(反义)

circumspect?prudency=urbane?polish 慎重的:慎重=彬彬有礼的:优雅 (同义)

(反)circumspect ◆ audacious/ reckless 小心的 ◆ 大胆的/鲁莽的

temerity ◆ circumspection 蛮勇 ◆ 慎重

rash ◆ circumspective 鲁莽的 ◆ 谨慎的

(同)prudent, chary, considerate, discreet, gingerly,

(例)We should be circumspect and always investigate before acting,. 我们应该仔细慎重,做事之前要调查一番。

(记)circum 四周+spect 看→四周看看→谨慎的 参考:spectator 观众

circumvent vt. 绕行,智取(to manage to get around especially by stratagem)

(反)circumvent ◆ confront /direct encounter 绕行 ◆ 直接面对

(同)skirt, bypass, circumnavigate, detour ? ? ?

(记)circum周围+vent(=vend) 走→沿着周围走→绕行,智取 vendor 沿街走的小贩

?

cloture n. 表决程序(一项议会程序,辩论结束后立即就所辩问题进行投票表决)

(类)voting?roll call=termination?cloture

选举?点名程序=结果?表决程序(点名程序后可以选举=表决程序后可以出结果)

【注:termination:结果(outcome, result)】

(记)来自closure 关闭,使终止

clout n. 权力,影响力(great influence,especially political or social)

(反)impuissance 无权,无能 impotence 无力,衰弱

(记)来自cloth;工业革命时期,布匹的生产中心具有最高的影响力,如曼彻斯特

(例)All the evidence showed that Russia does not have that kind of clout in the Far East any more

所有证据都表明在远东地区俄罗斯不再具有那样的影响

cloying adj. 甜得发腻的(excessively sweet or sentimental ) (类)garrulous?talkative=cloying?sweet 饶舌的?健谈的=甜得发腻的?甜的(过度?正常)

coalesce v.合并,融合(to unite into a whole;fuse)

(反)disaggregate 分解 polarize 两极分化 break apart 分开 (同)join, bracket, combine,relate, unite, wed

coax vt. 用巧言诱哄(to influence or persuade by artful ingratiation)

(类)equivocation?coax=explanation?enlighten=

threat?intimidate

含糊的话为了诱哄=解释为了开导=威胁为了胁迫

(类)blandishment?coax =medal?honor=prevarication?deceive 哄诱的话用来诱哄=奖章用来给以荣誉=搪塞的话用来欺骗 (同)blandish, cajole, wheedle

coerce vt. 强制, 强迫(to bring about by force or threat) (类)wheedle?cajolery=extort?coercion 用甜言蜜语骗?诱骗=强取?强迫 (同义)

squander?expend=coercion?intimidate 浪费?花费=威压?胁迫(过分与正常)

(反)voluntary ◆ coercion 自愿的 ◆ 强迫的 (use of force to get someone to object)

(同)force, compel, concuss, constrain, oblige

(记)co 共同 erce 谐音:饿死→共同饿死→因为被强制 ? ? ? ?

? coeval adj. 同时代的(of the same or equal age, antiquity, or

duration) (类)

congruent?dimension=coeval?age 全等的?尺寸=同时代的?时代 (记)co(共同)+eval(时代)→ 同时代

cogent adj. 使人信服的(appealing forcibly to the mind or reason)

(类)cogent?convince=repugnant?repel

有说服力的?令人信服=让人讨厌的?令人厌恶(形动同义)

(反)cogent ◆ unconvincing 有说服力的 ◆ 不令人信服的 (同)valid, convincing, satisfying, sound

cogitate v.思考, 考虑

cognizant adj. 知道的(knowledgeable of something through personal experience)

(类)incognizance?knowledgeable=penury?wealthy 不知道的?知道的=穷困?富裕的

(反)cognizant ◆ oblivious/ unaware 知道的 ◆ 遗忘的 (记)cogn(知道)+izant→认知的

(同)aware, apprehensive, conscious, sensible, sentient

coincide vi.一致, 符合

collapse vi. 倒塌(to fall or shrink together abruptly and completely)

(类)collapse?implode=divide?sunder 倒塌?向内倒塌=分开?切开(因果关系)

collapse?volume=attenuate?thickness 减弱音量=削薄厚度 (记)col(全部)+lapse(倒)→倒塌

(同)break, cave, crumple, yield

colonnade n. 柱廊(a series of columns set at regular intervals) (类)colonnade?pillar=queue?person 柱廊?柱子=队列?人(组成关系:整齐而且形似)

(记)colon=(column支柱)

colossal adj. 巨大的(of a bulk, extent, power, or effect approaching or suggesting the stupendous or incredible)

(类)antediluvian?age=colossal?size 古老的?年龄=巨大的?尺寸 (事物及其修饰)

colossus?figurine=boulder?pebble 巨像?小雕像=大石头?小石头(大?小)

(同)huge, elephantine, gargantuan, gigantic, titanic, vast ? ?

? coltish adj. 不守纪律的(not subjected to discipline)

(类)coltish?discipline=loutish?grace 不守纪律的缺乏纪律=粗野的缺乏优雅性

(记)colt 小马,无经验的年轻人

coma n. 昏迷(a state of profound unconsciousness)

(类)coma?unconsciousness=delirium?confusion 昏迷?无意识=精神错乱?混乱(种属)

combustible adj. 易燃的(capable of combustion)

(类)impervious?friable=nonflammable?combustible

不会受损害的?脆弱的=不可燃的?易燃的

(记)com+bust(烧)→易燃的

comity n. 礼让, 礼仪(friendly social atmosphere?social harmony)

(反)comity ◆ enmity 礼仪 ◆ 敌意

(同)goodwill, amity, benevolence, friendliness, kindliness commencement n. 开始 (an act, instance, or time of beginning) (反)cessation ◆ commencement 停止 ◆ 开始

cease ◆ inaugurate/commencement 停止 ◆ 开辟/开始

(同)beginning, alpha, dawning, genesis, outset,

commencement n. 开始,毕业典礼(the ceremonies for conferring degrees)

(反)commencement ◆ matriculation 毕业典礼 ◆ 入学考试 (记)美国人认为毕业典礼是一个人即将开始新的人生,与我们的思维“学业结束”不一样

commend vt. 委托给,推荐(to mention with approbation)嘉奖(praise)

(反)berate 严厉指责 deplore 指责

(反)execrable ◆ commendable/laudable 可憎恨的 ◆ 值得表扬的/值得称赞的

(记)com(都)+mend(相信)→值得嘉奖的

commensurate adj. 同样大小的,相当的(equal in measure or extent;coextensive)

(反)preponderant ◆ commensurate 占有优势的 ◆ 相当的 tantamount ◆ incommensurate 等价的 ◆ 不相称的

parity ◆ uncommensurateness 平等 ◆ 不平衡

(记)com(共同)+mensure(尺寸)→尺寸相同的

commingle v. 混合(to combine into a common fund or stock) (反)commingle ◆ separate 混合 ◆ 分离 ? ? ? ?

(同)mix, commix, compound, intermingle, mingle

commitment n. 许诺,义务(an engagement to assume a financial obligation)

(类)crime?misdemeanor=commitment?decision罪行?轻罪=许诺?决定(程度)

disaffected?contentment=dubious?commitment/ conviction 不满的?满意=不确定的?义务/ 确信(反义)

(反)ambivalent ◆ commitment 不定的 ◆ 确定的

noncommittal ◆ confirm 不定的 ◆ 确定

? committed adj. 受约束的,负有责任的(obligate, bind) (类)profligate?solvent=mercurial?committed

挥霍的?有偿付能力的=多变的?受束缚的(反义)

commodious adj. 宽敞的(comfortably or conveniently spacious;roomy)

(类)taut?commodious=extraordinary?purlieu 紧张的不宽敞=非凡的不常有(反义)

(反)commodious ◆ constricted/cramped 宽敞的 ◆ 压缩的/狭促的

commodious ◆ constringed 宽敞的 ◆ 压缩的

(记)比较accommodate 留宿,容纳 联想:什么条件下能留宿——当然是房子宽敞的时候

(同)spacious, ample, capacious, roomy, wide

commonsense adj.具有常识的(sound and prudent but often unsophisticated judgment)

(反)preposterous ◆ commonsensical 荒谬的 ◆ 符合常识的 (记)common(共同)+sense(认知)→常识

commotion n. 骚乱(an agitated disturbance)

(类)squall?commotion=flash?illumination 小骚乱?骚动=闪光?照明(程度关系)

(反)commotion ◆ tranquility 骚动 ◆ 宁静

(记)com(一起)+mot(动)→一起动→乱了 参考:motile 能动的 commute v. 通勤,交换

(例)She, as a consultant, commutes from Cambridge to London every day.

她作为顾问每天乘火车上下班来往于剑桥和伦敦之间。

compartmentalize vt. 划分(to separate into distinct parts) compatible adj.谐调的, 一致的, 兼容的

compelling a. 强制性的;迫切需要引起注意的;令人信服的 (例)a host of compelling socioeconomic problems. ? ? ? ? ?

许多迫切需要引起注意的社会经济问题

complacency n. 满足(self-satisfaction)

(反)complacency ◆ anxiety 满足 ◆ 渴望(但无法满足) (记)com(自己)+ place(满意)→满足了

(同)conceitedness, consequence, narcissism, pride

? complaisance n. 彬彬有礼,柔顺(disposition to please or comply;affability)

(类)complaisance?intractable=adeptness?maladroit 柔顺?难处理的=熟练?笨拙的(反义)

(反)complaisance ◆ obstinacy 柔顺 ◆ 固执

complaisance ◆ churlishness 彬彬有礼 ◆ 粗野

compliant adj. 顺从的(ready or disposed to comply;submissive) (类)compliant?servile=trusting?gullible 顺从的?奴性的=信赖的?轻信的(褒贬程度)

compliment vt. 称赞expressing or containing a compliment (类)apologize?contrite=compliment?impressed 因为后悔而道歉=因为有好印象而称赞

compliment?flattery=deference?subservience 赞美?谄媚=顺从?屈从(褒贬)

(反)vituperative ◆ complimentary 责骂的 ◆ 称赞的

(同)complacence, conceitedness, consequence, narcissism, pride comply vi. 顺从,答应(to conform or adapt one's actions to another's wishes, to a rule, or to necessity)

(类)mandatory?comply=forbidden?abstain 强制的?答应=禁止的?禁绝(主被动关系)

(同)obey, conform, follow, keep, mind, observe

composed adj. 镇静的,使安定 freefrom agitation;calm (反)composed ◆ distraught 镇静的 ◆ 发狂的

discombobulate ◆ compose 使混乱 ◆ 使安定

restless ◆ composure 不平静的 ◆ 镇静

babbittry smugness

bacchanal orgy

badger pester

badinage banter

bagatelle nonentity, trifle

bailiwick area of concern or

business

baleen whalebone

Quiz 2 (Matching)

Match each word in the first column with its definition in the second ? ? ?

column.

1. ANATHEMA A. hard

2. ANNIHILATE B. curse

3. ANOMALOUS C. gully

4. APATHETIC D. suffocate

5. ARCHAIC E. antiquated

6. ARDUOUS F. destroy

7. ARROYO G. abnormal

8. ASPHYXIATE H. unconcerned

9. ASTRINGENT I. make amends

10. ATONE J. causing contraction baleful hostile, malignant balk hesitate

balky hesitant

ballad song

ballast counterbalance

ballistics study of projectiles balm soothing ointment

banal trite

bandy exchange

bane poison, nuisance

barbarian savage

bard poet

baroque ornate

barrister lawyer

bask take pleasure in, sun basso low male voice

bastion fort

bathos sentimentality

batten fasten, board up battery physical attack bauble trinket

beatify sanctify

beatitude state of bliss beckon lure

becoming proper

bedlam uproar

befit to be suitable

beget produce, procreate begrudge resent, envy

beguile deceive, seduce behemoth monster

behest command

beholden in debt

belabor assail verbally

belated delayed, overdue

beleaguer besiege

belfry bell tower

belie misrepresent

belittle disparage

bellicose warlike

belligerent combative

bellow shout

bellwether leader, guide

昨天的单词简单复习:

? bemoan lament

bemused bewildered

benchmark standard

benediction blessing

benefactor patron

benevolent kind

benign harmless

bent determined

bequeath will

bequest gift, endowment

berate scold

bereave rob

bereft deprived of

berserk crazed

beseech implore

beset harass, encircle

besiege beleaguer, surround besmirch slander, sully

bespeak attest

bestial beast-like, brutal bestow offer, grant

betrothed engaged

bevy group

bibliography list of sources of information

bicameral having two legislative branches

bicker quarrel

biennial occurring every two years bilateral two-sided

bilious ill-tempered

bilk swindle ?

biodegradable naturally decaying biopsy removing tissue for examination

biped two-footed animal bistro tavern, cafe

bivouac encampment

blandish flatter, grovel blasé bored with life

blasphemy insulting God bleak cheerless

blight decay

bliss happiness

blithe joyous

bloated swollen

bode portend

bogus forged, false

bogy bugbear

boisterous noisy

bolt move quickly and suddenly bombast pompous speech

bon vivant gourmet, epicure bona fide made in good faith bonanza a stroke of luck boon payoff

boor vulgar person

bootless unavailing

booty loot

botch bungle

bourgeois middle class

bovine cow-like

boycott abstain in protest bracing refreshing

brackish salty

brandish display menacingly bravado feigned bravery

bravura technically difficult brawn strength

brevity shortness of expression brigand robber

brink edge

broach bring up a topic of conversation

bromide cliché

brook tolerate

browbeat to bully

brusque curt

bucolic rustic

buffet blow

buffoon fool

bulwark fortification

buncombe empty, showy talk

buoyant floatable

burgeon sprout

burlesque farce

burly husky

buttress support

? cabal n. 阴谋小集团(small group secretly united to promote their own interests)

(类)cast?actor=cabal?conspirator 剧团?演员=阴谋集团?阴谋家(组成)

cabal?association=plot?plan 阴谋小集团?协会=阴谋?计划(秘密与正常)

cabal?association=spat?quarrel 阴谋小集团?协会=小争吵?吵架(小与正常)

(同)plot , conspiracy, intrigue, machination, scheme cabinet n. 橱柜;内阁

cache n.隐藏处所(a hiding place used especially for storing provisions)

(类)cache?hoard=summit?inaccessible 隐藏处?储藏=顶峰?难以接近(后者是前者的特点)

(记)cache(电脑缓存)电脑缓存专门储藏信息

cadge v.行乞,乞求(beg,sponge)

(反)cadge ◆ earn 乞求 ◆ 赚得

cajole v.哄骗(to persuade with flattery especially when reluctance)

(类)blandishment?cajole=obstacle?impede 甜言蜜语?哄骗=障碍?阻止(同义)

wheedle?cajolery=extort?coercion 用甜言蜜语骗?诱骗=敲诈?强迫 (同义)

(同)coax, blandish, blarney, wheedle

calcify vi. 钙化(to make inflexible or unchangeable)

(类)calcium?mineral=sugar?carbohydrate 钙?矿物质=糖?碳水化合物 (种属)

calcify ◆ make malleable /make pliant/ make more flexible 使? ? ?

钙化 ◆ 使柔顺,灵活

(记)calc(钙)+ify(化)→钙化

? calibrate vt. 测量,校准(to rectify,mark the graduations of) (类)measure?dimensions?calibrate?diameter量?尺寸=确定口径?直径

(反)calibrated ◆ unstandardized 校准的 ◆ 不标准的 calibrated ◆ unsubstantialized 校准的 ◆ 不标准的

calligraphy n. 书法(artistic, stylized, or elegant handwriting or lettering)

(类)calligraphy?scribble=sonnet?doggerel 书法?乱写=十四行诗?打油诗 (正常?乱)

(记)cali(=kalli 美丽)+graphy

callous adj.无情的, 冷漠的(feeling no sympathy for others) (类)callous?impassive=dupe?duplicity 冷漠的?冷漠的=欺骗?不诚实 (同义)

(反)callous ◆ sympathetic 无情的 ◆ 有同情心的

(同)coldhearted, heartless, obdurate, stony, uncompassionate, unemotional,

(记)callo 谐音“开了”+us 联想:老板动不动就开了我们→冷酷的,无情的

callow adj.未成熟的(lacking adult sophistication)

(类)frank?secretiveness=callow?maturity 坦白的?隐匿=未成熟的?成熟

apoplectic?calm=callow?mature 狂怒的?平静的=未成熟的?成熟

callow ◆ behaving with adult sophistication 年轻而无经验的 ◆ 行为富于经验的

(同)inexperienced, fresh, green, raw, unversed, young

callus n. 皮肤的硬结,老茧(a thickening of area on skin) (类)gully?erosion=callus?friction 小峡谷由冲蚀产生=老茧由摩擦产生

(记)call 传呼+us 联想:呼我们已经非常老土了,现在都用手机了→老土→老茧

calumniate v. 诽谤,中伤 (to utter maliciously false statements about)

(类)corroborate?evidence=calumniate?falsehood 用证据证明=用谎言诽谤

calumny?representation=perjury?testimony 中伤?陈述 =伪证?证词(假?正常)

(反)calumniate ◆ vindicate 诽谤 ◆ 辩护

calumnious ◆ flattering 中伤的 ◆ 谄媚的

calumny ◆ approbation 诽谤 ◆ 嘉许

(同)malign, defame, denigrate, slander, vilify ? ? ? ?

? camaraderie n. 友情(a spirit of friendly good-fellowship)

(反)camaraderie ◆ enmity 友情 ◆ 敌意

(记)来自camarade 同志

cameo n. 小雕塑,特写

(类)peccadillo?offense=cameo?sculpture 轻罪?犯罪=小雕塑?雕塑(小?正常)

camouflage n. 伪装(behavior or artifice designed to deceive or hide)

(类)camouflage?deception=flattery?ingratiating 伪装为了欺骗=奉承为了逢迎

malinger?duty=camouflage?detection 装病以逃避工作责任=伪装防止被发现

(记)ca+mou+flag+e→开始+蒙上+旗子,为了伪装

canard n. 谣传,误传

(类)aspersion?discredit=canard?deceive 诽谤?玷辱=谣言?欺骗(行为与目的)

(记)can+nard(能拿)联想:GRE考1600分“能拿”奖学金是“谣言” candor n. 坦白,直率,诚挚(unreserved, honest, or sincere expression)

(类)palter?candor=diehard?budge 敷衍不会坦白=顽固分子不会退让

candor?subterfuge=brash?deliberate 坦白?托词=仓促?深思熟虑 (反)artifice ◆ candor计谋 ◆ 直率

mendacity ◆ candor谎言 ◆ 诚挚的话

(记)cand(白)+or(状态)→ 白的状态→坦白 参考:candid adj. 坦率的;公正的

canny adj. 谨慎的,精明的,节约的(clever,shrewd;prudent) canon n. 圣典(a regulation or dogma decreed by a church council)

(类)religion?devoutness=canon?orthodoxy 信仰要求虔诚=圣典要求正统

(反)canonical ◆ heterodox / nontraditional 正统的 ◆ 非正统的/非传统的

canon ◆ apocrypha 正典 ◆ 伪经

canonical ◆ nontraditional 传统的 ◆ 不符合传统的

(同)law, decree, ordinance, precept, regulation, rule, statute (记)日本佳能公司的商标名。与cannon 大炮区别。

cantata n.清唱剧, 大合唱 ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

? canvass v. 细查;民意调查(to conduct a survey of (public

opinion))

(类)pollster?canvass=exponent?advocate 民意测验者?民意调查=倡导者?提倡(正面特征)

canyon n. 峡谷(a deep narrow valley with steep sides) (类)ditch?canyon=burrow?cavern 沟渠?峡谷=小山洞?大山洞 (小和大)

caprice n.反复无常,善变(a sudden, impulsive notion or action) (类)caprice?whimsical=stealth?furtive=discontent?unsatisfied 反复无常? 反复无常的=秘密行动?偷偷摸摸的=不满?不满意的(名形同义)

impromptu?rehearsal=apophasis?claim=caprice?deliberate

即席演出?排练=故抑其词?断言=反复无常?深思熟虑 (反义)

capricious?whim=objective?fact 善变?善变的=客观的?事实的(同义)

caprice?whimsical=insight?discerning 善变?善变的=洞察力?有洞察力的 (同义)

caprice?whimsical=insight/foresight?prudent 任性?反复无常的=洞察力?明智的

(反)caprice ◆ confirmation 善变 ◆ 确认

(反)steadfast /constant 固定不变的 pertinacious 固执的 resolute 坚决的

(同)crank, freak, vagary, whim, whimsy

(记)根据price联想,价格的变化是反复无常的。

captivate vt.着迷(to influence by special charm with an irresistible appeal) (反)captivate ◆ repulse 着迷 ◆ 厌恶

(记)captive(俘虏)+ate →被俘虏了→着迷

(同)attract, allure, charm, enchant, fascinate, magnetize careworn adj. 伤心的(showing the effect of grief or anxiety;worn)

(反)careworn ◆ lighthearted 伤心的 ◆ 心情愉快的

(记)care(心)+worn(疲倦)→心都疲倦了→ 伤心

cardinal adj. 主要的(of basic importance ? main, chief, primary) (反)cardinal ◆ minor 主要的 ◆ 次要的

(记)card(心脏)→心脏是最主要的。参考:cardiologist(心脏病专家)

carnal adj. 肉体的,物质的(bodily, corporeal)

(反)carnal ◆ spiritual 物质的 ◆ 精神的

(同)corporal, fleshly, physical, somatic

(记)carn(肉) 参考:carnivore 食肉动物 carnation 肉色康乃馨 ? ? ? ? ?

? carouse vi. 畅饮,狂欢作乐(to drink liquor deeply or freely )

(类)roisterer?carouse=recluse?withdraw 喝酒喧哗者?畅饮=隐士?隐退

(记)中间加h变成car+house;车房俱备,值得狂欢庆祝一下。 carp n.鲤鱼 vi. 吹毛求疵,挑剔(to find fault or complain querulously)

(类)caviler?carping=libertine?licentious 吹毛求疵者?吹毛求疵的=浪荡者?放肆的

complain?carp=drink?guzzle 抱怨?吹毛求疵=喝?狂饮 (程度对比) (同)nag, fuss, henpeck

(记)carp原义鲤鱼。鲤鱼刺多,吃的时候要多多挑刺。引申为挑剔。 castigate v.强烈反对,苛责(to subject to severe punishment, reproof)

(类)castigation?disapproval=crime?misbehave=

blasphemy?irreverence

强烈反对?反对=犯罪?举止不当=亵渎:不敬(程度)

castigation?reproof=loathing?dislike(干扰:denunciation?denial指责?否定)

强烈谴责?谴责=嫌恶?不喜欢(程度)

peccadillo?sin=admonishment?castigation

小过失?罪过=警告?强烈谴责(程度)

(反)castigation ◆ approbation认可accolade 称赞extol赞美 (同)lambaste, excoriate, scathe, scorch, scourge, slash

catholic adj.普遍的(comprehensive)包容的(broad in sympathies, interests)

(反)catholic ◆ narrow 包容的 ◆ 狭隘的

(记)Catholic(天主教)→ 范围广泛

(同)universal, cosmic, cosmopolitan, ecumenical, global, worldwide

caustic adj.腐蚀性的,刻薄的(marked by incisive sarcasm) (类)barb?caustic=pan?harsh 尖刻的言论?刻薄的=严厉的批评?严厉的

caustic?eat away=desiccant?dry 腐蚀的?腐蚀=干燥剂的?干燥

caustic?burn=solvent?dissolve 腐蚀性的?灼烧=可溶解的?溶解(因果关系)

(反)palliating 减缓的 genial 亲切的 smooth 安详的 kind 仁慈的 innocuous亲切的

(同)sarcastic, acerb, acerbic, corrosive

cavern n. 大洞,洞窟 (one cave of large or indefinite extent) (类)cavern?spelunker=star?astronomer 洞穴? 探洞者=星?天文学家(后研究前)

(同)cave, grotto, subterranean (记)来自cave ? ? ? ? ?

? cavil v.挑剔,吹毛求疵(to raise trivial and frivolous

objection)

(类)cavil?criticize=probe?investigate 吹毛求疵?批评=仔细探察?调查(程度)

nitpick?criticize=cavil?object 吹毛求疵?批评=吹毛求疵?反对(程度)

caviler?carping=libertine?licentious 吹毛求疵者?吹毛求疵的=浪荡子?放肆的

faultfinding?criticize=quibble?cavil 挑毛病:批评=挑剔:吹毛求疵(同义)

encomiast?eulogize=nitpicker?criticize=preacher?sermon=quibbler?cavil

赞美者?赞颂=吹毛求疵的人?批评=传教士?传道=挑剔者?吹毛求疵

【注:quibble:v. 1.to evade the point of an argument by caviling about words 2.cavil,carp】

cavort vi. 欢跃(to walk or move in a spirited manner)

(类)dodder?unsteady=cavort?sprightly 摇摆的不稳定=欢跃的很轻快

(反)cavort ◆ trudge 欢跃 ◆ 艰苦跋涉

(同)gambol, caper, frisk, frolic, rollick

cede vt. 放弃,割让(to yield or grant typically by treaty)n.cession

(反)cede ◆ possess 放弃 ◆ 拥有

(同)relinquish, abandon, resign, surrender, waive, yield celebrity n. 名人(a celebrated person)

(反)celebrity ◆ obscurity 名人 ◆ 无名小辈(one that is obscure)

(记)celeb(名人)参考:celebrated 著名的

cement n.水泥 v. 巩固(to unite or make firm by or as if by cement)

(反)cement ◆ fracture 巩固 ◆ 破裂

(记)水泥过去被称为音译为水门汀。

censor vt. 审查(to examine to suppress anything considered objectionable)

(类

vendor?purvey=censor?expurgate 卖主?供应=审查员?删除(人物的典型动作)

(同)expurgate, screen

censorious adj. 挑剔的(critical)

(类)pliable?influence=ticklish?offend/ annoy 易受影响的?影响 =易触怒的?冒犯/骚扰 ? ? ? ? ?

【干扰:censorious?condemn 挑剔的容易去谴责别人,是正面主动非被动】

(反)censorious ◆ eulogistic 挑剔的 ◆ 赞美的

(同)carping, caviling, hypercritical, overcritical,faultfinding (例)censorious people delight in casting blame. 挑剔之人乐于责备。

? censure v. 责难,谴责(to find fault with and criticize as blameworthy)

(类)lamentable?pity=reprehensible?censure 可悲的?可怜=应该谴责的?谴责

remonstrance?dissuade= reprehension?censure 反对?劝阻=斥责?责难(同义)

censure?blameless=approbation?reprehensible 责难?无可指责的=认可?应斥责的

(反)exonerate 免除责备 extol赞美 commend赞美

(同)criticize, blame, condemn, denounce, denunciate, reprobate census n. 户口普查 (a count of the population)

(类)census?population=inventory?merchandise=inventory?stock 户口普查?人口=存货清单?商品=存货清单?存货 (前者为后者的清单) ceremonious adj. 礼仪的,隆重的,过分讲究礼节的,拘泥的(punctilious)

cessation n. 终止,暂停(a temporary or final ceasing;stop) (反)cessation ◆ commencement 开始 start 开始 continuation 继续

champion vt. 拥护,保卫(to act as militant supporter of) (反)disparage 蔑视 impugn 打击 oppose 反对

(同)support, advocate, backstop, uphold

chaotic adj.混乱的, 无序的(in utter disorder)

(类)chaos?predictability=pallor?color 无序的不可预言=苍白没有颜色

(反)strictly structured 构造严谨的 strictly featured 特征严谨的

charade n. 看手势猜字谜游戏;装模作样

(类)charade?word=mime?story 用手势表示的字谜?字=哑剧?故事(前者用后者来表达)

charade?dissimulate=void?emptiness 装模作样?假装=空洞?空(同义)

charlatan n. 江湖郎中(pretender to knowledge)骗子(quack) (类)juggernaut?crush=charlatan?deceive 压倒一切的力量?压服=骗子?行骗 ? ? ? ? ? ?

(例)the medical establishment called him a charlatan 医疗界把他叫做江湖郎中。

(记)谐音:杀了他。联想:对骗子恨不得杀了他。

? chary adj. 谨慎的(discreetly cautious)

(类)chary?caution=imperturbable?composure 谨慎的:谨慎=冷静的:沉着

(反)rash卤莽的 bold大胆的

(同)cautious, circumspect, considerate, discreet, gingerly, wary (记)char 谐音—察。联想:明察秋毫—>谨慎的

chase n.追赶, 追击 vt.追赶, 雕镂

chasm n. 深渊,断裂带(a deep cleft in the surface of a planet) (类)cleft?chasm=cut?gash 裂缝? 断裂带=小切口?大伤口 chastise v. 严责,惩戒(to punish, as by beating)

(记)来自chaste贞洁的;使贞节,纯洁所以要用严厉惩罚。 chauvinistic adj. 沙文主义的,爱国主义的

(类)patriotic?chauvinistic=receptive?gullible

爱国主义的?沙文主义的=乐于接受的?易受骗的(褒贬程度) ? ? ?

boon n. 恩惠, 福利(benefit,favor)

(反)boon ◆ misfortune 恩惠 ◆ 灾祸

(同)gift, benevolence, largess

boor n.迟钝的人, 粗野的人(a rude or insensitive person)

(类)insensitive?boor=mischievous?imp 迟钝的?迟钝的人=淘气的?顽童

(反)boor ◆ civil person 粗人 ◆ 有修养的人

(记)boo(被嘲笑)→ 迟钝的人被嘲笑

boost v. 推动,提高,增加

(例)We need to boost our spirits. 我们需要鼓舞士气。

bootless adj. 无用的 (useless,unprofitable)

(类)bootless?futility=effulgent?resplendence 无用的?无用的=辉煌的? 辉煌的 interesting?intriguing=bootless?futile 有趣的?有趣的=无用的?无用的

bootless?futility=void?empty 无用的?无用的=空的?空的

(记)参考:boot(靴子)

(同)futile, ineffective, useless, vain

bore vt.钻孔,厌倦 (to make a hole by or as if by boring)

(类)die ? shaping=drill ? boring 冲模用来整形=钻孔机用来打洞

food ? hunger=stimulation ? boredom 食物消除饥饿=刺激物消除厌倦

(反)entrance ◆ disappoint/ disgust/ repel/ repulse/ bore

使人入神的 ◆ 使失望/使厌恶/抵制/憎恶/使烦扰

(同)ennui, pall, tire, weary

bound n. 限制(to confine, restrain, or restrict as if with bonds)

(类)boundless?limit=impeccable?flaw 无限制的?限制=没缺点的?缺点

boundless?extensive=interminable?lengthy 无限的?宽广的=无限的?冗长的(程度)

(反)boundless ◆ limited 没有限制的 ◆ 有限制的

boundary ◆ unrestrainedness 界限 ◆ 无限制

bouquet n. 花束

(类)bouquet?flowers=woodpile?logs 花束?花=木料堆?圆木 (组成)

bouquet?flowers=constellation?star 花束?花=星座?星星 (组成)

bracing n.支持;adj.令人振奋的(giving strength, vigor, or freshness)

(反)bracing ◆ vapid 令人振奋的 ◆ 乏味的

denounce ◆ bracing 指责 ◆ 支持

(记)brace(支撑)+ing → 支持

(同)exhilarating, stimulating,tonic, vitalizing, animating

braid v.编织(made by intertwining three or more strands)

(类)grooved?striated=braided?stranded 开槽的?有条纹的=编织成的?梳成辫子的(同义) brake n.刹车(to retard or stop by a brake)

(类)divert?shunt=retard?brake 转移?使转轨=减速?刹车(行为及其特定目的)

brake?decelerate=clamp?compression 刹车?减速=夹钳?压缩(行为及其后果)

【注:clamp :Any of various devices used to join, grip, support, or compress mechanical or structural parts. 某种设备用来连接、抓住、支持或压缩结构性的部件】

(同)hinder, bar, block, impede, obstruct

brash adj 轻率的,仓促的(done in haste without regard for consequences)

(类)frivolous?gravity=brash?discretion 琐碎的?重大=轻率的?慎重周到

candor?subterfuge=brash?deliberate 坦白?托词=仓促的?深思熟虑的

(同)rash, hasty, incautious, inconsiderate, reckless, thoughtless

brattish adj. 小孩被宠坏的;淘气的,无礼的(ill-mannered annoying)

(类)tightfisted?parsimonious=brattish?mischievous

吝啬的?吝啬的=宠坏的?恶作剧的(同义)

(记)brat(小孩,顽童)+tish → 小朋友比较淘气

bravado n, 假装勇敢,虚张声势

(类)courageous?bravado=complimentary?fulsomeness

勇敢的?虚张声势=称赞的?不真诚的称赞(褒贬)

【注:fulsome:offensively flattering or insincere. 令人不快地恭维的或不真诚的 例:He was too fulsome in his praise. 他的赞美太虚假。】

bonhomie n.温和,和蔼(good-natured easy friendliness)

(类)genial?bonhomie=diplomatic?tact 温和的?温和 =老练的?老练(形名同义) (记)bon(好的)→ 温和的

bonus n. 奖金,红利

(类)bonus?employee=decoration?soldier 奖金?雇员=勋章?战士(奖励关系)

boo v. 嘘(表示不满或嘲笑)(express contempt, scorn, or disapproval of by booing) (反)snare ◆ boo 诱捕,诱惑 ◆ 嘘,轰赶

【注:诱惑是往里面拉;嘘是往外头赶】

bravura n. 出色的表演(a show of daring or brilliance)

(类)bravura?performance=resplendent?appearance 出色的表演?表演=华丽的外表?外表 brazen adj.厚颜无耻的(marked by contemptuous boldness)

(类)impudence?brazen=deadpan?impassive 厚颜无耻?厚颜无耻的=无表情的脸?冷漠的 (反)brazen ◆ modest 厚颜无耻的 ◆ 谦虚的

brazen ◆ self effacing 厚颜无耻的 ◆ 害羞的

brazen ◆ diffident 厚颜无耻的 ◆ 缺乏自信的

(记)brass(厚脸皮的)+en → 厚颜无耻的

(同)shameless, barefaced,brazenfaced, impudent, unabashed

breach v. 使破裂, 破坏(to make a breach in)

(类)breach?continuity=disturb?repose 破坏连续性 =扰乱休息(动宾关系)

(反)breach ◆ solder 破裂 ◆ 焊合

(同)break, fissure, fracture, rupture

breezeway n. 有屋顶的通路

(类)breezeway?building=stairway?floor 有屋顶的通路?建筑物=楼梯?楼层(事物及相关对象) brevity n.简短,简洁(shortness or conciseness of expression)

(类)brevity?aphorism=distortion?caricature 格言比较简短=滑稽模仿比较歪曲

exaggeration?caricature=brevity?epigram 讽刺画通常比较夸张=箴言通常比较简短 (反)brevity ◆ lengthiness 简短 ◆ 冗长

(记)bret(短的)+ ity → 简短

(同)conciseness, shortness

bribe v. & n. 贿赂,收买(to induce or influence by or as if by bribery)

(类)bribe?incorruptible=affect?insensible 不腐败的的不会行贿=无知觉的的不会感动

brisk adj. 活泼的(keenly alert)

(反)brisk ◆ ponderous 活泼的 ◆ 沉闷的

【注:ponderous :lacking grace or fluency 缺乏优雅和连贯,沉闷的】

(记)b+risk(冒险)→ 敢冒险的比较活泼

(同)agile, active, lively, sprightly, spry

bristle v.怒发冲冠(to take on an aggressive attitude or appearance)

(类)bristle?anger=vacillate?unresolution 怒发冲冠?愤怒=忧郁不定?不坚决(动名同义) 干扰:(condone?mercy)(condemn?warning)

(反)bristle ◆ cower 怒发冲冠 ◆ 畏缩

(同)anger, boil, burn, fume, rage, seethe

(记)bristle 原义鬃毛,因发怒鬃毛直立,被称作怒发冲冠。

broach v.开启;开矿;论文开题(open up)

(反)broach ◆ close off 开启 ◆ 关闭

(记)与breach(缺口;突破)一起记,打开缺口。

bromide n.陈腐的意见(a commonplace or hackneyed statement or notion)这个由溴化物的意思

(类)equivocation?misleading=bromide?hackneyed

模棱两可的话?易引起误解的=陈腐的意见?陈腐的(正面特征)

(反)bromide ◆ unhackneyed 陈腐的 ◆ 新奇的

(同)commonplace, banality, platitude, tag

browbeat vt. 威吓(to intimidate by a stern manner or arrogant speech)

(类)instigator?incite=bully?browbeat 煽动者善于煽动=欺凌弱小者善于威吓 (记)brow(眉毛)+beat(打架)→ 皱起眉毛进行恐吓

(同)intimidate, bluster, bully, cow

buck v. 反对(to refuse assent;balk)国外很流行口语,表示美元

(反)buck ◆ assent to 反对 ◆ 赞成

(同)oppose, resist, dispute, repel, traverse

bucolic adj. 乡村的,田园的(relating to or typical of rural life)

(类)hovel?palatial=city?bucolic 小屋?宏伟的=城市?乡村的

palatial?hovel=bucolic?metropolis 宏伟的?小屋=乡村的?大都市

(反)bucolic ◆ urban 乡村的 ◆ 都市的

bucolic ◆ sophisticated 乡土的 ◆ 世故的

(记)buc(牛)+olic(养)→ 养牛的→乡村

(同)rural, countrified, outland, pastoral, rustic

budge vi. 移动(move;shift)退让 (to give way;yield)

(类)palter?candor=diehard?budge 敷衍不会坦白=顽固分子不会退让

vagary?predict=diehard?budge 奇特行为是难以预知的=顽固的人是难以退让的 buffoon n.小丑(a ludicrous figure;clown)

(类)ludicrous?buffoon=dissolute?libertine=humorous?wag

滑稽的?小丑=放纵的?放荡的人=幽默的?搞笑者

inexperience?neophyte=ludicrous?buffoon 缺乏经验?新手 =滑稽?小丑

(记)谐音“布冯” 意大利守门员,这次世界杯的表演象小丑一样。

bulk n.(巨大)体积,容量;主体,绝大部分

(记)The great bulk of necessary work can never be anything but painful

大量必须做的工作真令人痛苦

bully n. 欺凌弱小者(one habitually cruel to others who are weaker)

(类)instigator?incite=bully?browbeat 煽动者善于煽动=欺凌弱小者善于威吓 bully?intimidate=stupid?gullibility 欺凌弱小者善于威吓=笨人容易上当

sabotage?subvertness=bull?intimidation 破坏?颠覆=暴力?威吓(前是后的手段)

【注:bull n.公牛 v.暴力行事(to act on with violence)】

(反)underdog ◆ bully 被欺负的人 ◆ 欺凌弱小者

(同)browbeater, harrier, hector, intimidator

v.碰(伤), 撞(破), 颠簸

bump v. 碰撞,冲撞 (bumper汽车保险杠)

bumptious adj. 傲慢的,自夸的(presumptuously, noisily self-assertive) (类)impetuous?vacillation=dour?geniality=bumptious?humbleness

冲动的人不会犹豫=严厉的人不亲切=傲慢的人不谦逊

bumptious?assertive=garish?colourful自大的?非常自信的=炫耀的?华丽的(褒贬程度) 干扰:(compendious?succinct)(exuberant?happy)

buoy vt.支撑 (support;uplift)

(反)buoyed ◆ unsupported 支撑的 ◆ 没有支持的

(同)support, bolster, prop, sustain, uphold

buoyant adj.有浮力的(capable of floating),快乐的(cheerful,gay

(类)bend?rigid=submerge?buoyant 坚硬的不会弯曲=有浮力的不会沉

buoyant?sink=insoluble?dissolve 有浮力的不会下沉=不溶的不会溶解

buoyant?float=heavy?drop 有浮力的?漂浮=重的?落下(前者容易实现后者)

(反)buoyant ◆ hangdog /aggrieved 快乐的 ◆ 垂头丧气的/ 痛苦的

buoyant ◆ leaden 轻快的 ◆ 沉重的

(同)bouncy, effervescent, resilient, volatile

burgeon v. 萌芽(to send forth new growth);迅速成长(to grow rapidly)

(类)grow?burgeon=beat?palpitate 成长?生长=跳动?跳动(同义)

(反)wither,subside,subdue,wane,waste away 衰退

(同)increase, augment, expand, heighten, multiply,

(记)bur(谐音:播)+ geon(=germ 种子,萌芽,细菌)→播种子→萌芽,迅速生长 参考:the germ of a project. 计划的雏形

burlesque n. 讽刺的嘲笑(mockery usually by caricature)滑稽戏

(类)diatribe?abuse=burlesque?mockery 恶骂?辱骂=讽刺的嘲笑?嘲笑(同义) doggerel?verse=burlesque?play 打油诗?诗=滑稽的戏剧?戏剧(种属)

burra[ wool ] 源自 burra[ 模糊的

burrow n. 动物所掘的洞(hole)

(类)ditch?canyon=burrow?cavern 沟?峡谷=地洞?大洞(程度)

(记)bu(谐音:扒)+ row(排)→一排一排的扒→兔子扒的洞

bust v. 使破产或资金短缺(run out of money)n. 半身像,妇女胸部

(例)often, the promise of a high-tech design leads to a weapon that busts the budget 一项高技术设计方案的承诺常是导致预算短缺的元凶

butter n. 黄油

(类)butter?margarine=sugar?saccharin 黄油?人造黄油=糖?糖精(天然?人造)

buttress n. 扶墙 vt. 支持

(反)contravene ◆ buttress 反对 ◆ 支持

challenge ◆ buttress 质疑 ◆ 支持

【注:challenge :to take exception to; call into question; dispute:表示异议;质疑;争议】 (同)support, bolster, brace, prop, sustain, uphold

(记)butt=bout 原义抵抗。后发展为两个方向 1、bout较量,回合 2、支持,支撑 bygone adj. 过去的 n. 过去的事

(例)Let bygones be bygones! 过去的事就让它过去吧!

byline n. 标题下的署名

(类)article?byline=movie?credits 文章?作者署名=电影?演员署名

【注:credits:recognition by name of a person contributing to a performance as a film】 (记)by(=bi 第二)+line(行)→ 第二行写人名

byzantine n. 诡计多端的(characterized by a devious manner of operation)

(反)byzantine ◆ straightforward 诡计多端的 ◆ 坦率的

(记)byzantine(拜占庭)→拜占庭人诡计多端

barricade v. 阻碍 (to block off with a barricade)

(反)barricade ◆ permit passage 阻碍 ◆ 允许通过

(记)bar 栅栏,障碍

barter n. 物物交换(to trade by exchanging one commodity for another) (类)jog?exercise=barter?trade 慢跑?运动=以物易物?交易

correspond?letters=barter?commodities 通信?信=以物易物?商品 (记)barter 谐音:巴特尔 著名篮球运动员 联想:巴特尔被交换到NBA

base adj. 卑鄙的,低级的(lacking of higher qualities of mind or spirit) (同)virtuous 品德高尚的 noble 高贵的 sublime 崇高的 patrician 贵族的

batch n. 一炉、一批一次烘烤出来的数量(an amount produced at one baking)

(类)batch?cookie 一炉?甜饼 不确定答案compound?element化合物?元素 (例)a batch of cookies. 一炉小甜饼

bathetic adj. 平凡的,陈腐的(exceptional commonplaceness) (反)offbeat◆bathetic 离奇的◆平庸的

(记)bath 洗澡 联想:洗澡目的是什么,当然是洗去陈腐的东西

bawdy adj. 猥亵的(indecent,lewd)

(反)bawdy◆decorous 猥亵的◆有品位的

(记)谐音:body 身体。猥亵的人对女人的body 不怀好意。

beatitude n.至福, 祝福

(记)beat幸福 参考:beatific快乐的,幸福的

bedeck vt. 装饰,修饰(to clothe with finery)

(反)bedeck◆strip 装饰◆剥去

(记)deck 除甲板的意思外,还有装饰的意思。

bedizen v. 穿着俗丽,打扮俗气(to adorn, especially in a cheap, showy manner)

(记)dizen 穿着俗丽 参考:dizzy 眼花缭乱;联想:穿着花哨俗丽让人眼花缭乱。

befuddle

这是从一本外国编的gre书里的4000词汇,估计更适合机考吧

就当复习昨天

abacus counting device

abandon desert, forsake

abase degrade

abash humiliate, embarrass

abate lessen

abatement alleviation

abbey monastery

abbreviate shorten

abdicate relinquish power or position

abdomen belly

abduct kidnap

aberrant abnormal

abet aid, encourage (typically of crime)

abeyance postponement

abhor detest

abide submit, endure

abject wretched

abjure renounce

ablate cut away

ablution cleansing

abode home

abolish annul

abominable detestable

aboriginal indigenous

abortive unsuccessful

abound be plentiful

abreast side-by-side

abridge shorten

abroad overseas

abrogate cancel

abrupt ending suddenly

abscess infected and inflamed tissue abscond to run away (secretly) absolve acquit

abstain refrain

abstract theoretical, intangible abstruse difficult to understand abut touch, border on

abysmal deficient, sub par

abyss chasm

academy school

accede yield

accentuate emphasize

accession attainment of rank accessory attachment

acclaim recognition, fame

acclimate accustom oneself to a climate

acclivity ascent, incline accolade applause

accommodate adapt

accomplice one who aids a lawbreaker

accord agreement

accost to approach and speak to someone

accouter equip

accredit authorize

accrete grow larger

accrue accumulate

accumulate amass

acerbic caustic (of speech) acme summit

acolyte assistant

acoustic pertaining to sound acquaint familiarize

acquiesce agree passively acquit free from blame

acrid pungent, caustic

acrimonious caustic, bitter acrophobia fear of heights actuate induce, start

acumen insight

acute sharp, intense

ad nauseam to a ridiculous degree ad-lib improvise

adage proverb

adamant insistent

adapt adjust to changing conditions

adaptable pliable

addendum appendix

adduce offer as example

adept skillful

adhere stick to

adherent supporter

adieu farewell

adipose fatty

adjacent next to

adjourn discontinue

adjudicate judge

adjunct addition

administer manage

admissible allowable

admonish warn gently

ado fuss

Adonis beautiful man

adroit skillful

adulation applause

adulterate contaminate, corrupt adumbration overshadow

advent arrival

adventitious accidental

adversary opponent

adverse unfavorable

adversity hardship

advise give counsel

advocate urge

aegis that which protects aerial pertaining to the air TeamLRN

464 GRE Prep Course

aerobics exercise

aesthetic pleasing to the senses, beautiful

affable friendly

affect influence

affectation pretense

affidavit sworn written statement affiliate associate

affiliation connection

affinity fondness

affix fasten

affliction illness

affluent abundant, wealthy affray brawl

affront insult

aficionado devotee, ardent follower

afoul entangled

aft rear

aftermath consequence

agape wonder

agenda plan, timetable

agent provocateur agitator

aggrandize exaggerate

aggravate worsen

aggregate total, collect

aggressor attacker

aggrieve mistreat

aggrieved unjustly injured

aghast horrified

agile nimble

agitate stir up

agnate related on the father’s side agnostic not knowing whether God exists

agrarian pertaining to farming agronomy science of crop

production

air discuss, broadcast

airs pretension

akimbo with hands on hips

akin related

al fresco outdoors

alacrity swiftness

albatross large sea bird

albino lacking pigmentation alcove recess, niche

alfresco outdoors

alias assumed name

alibi excuse

alienate estrange, antagonize alight land, descend

allay to reassure

allege assert without proof allegiance loyalty

allocate distribute

allot allocate

allude refer to indirectly

ally unite for a purpose

almanac calendar with additional information

alms charity

aloof arrogant

altercation argument

altitude height

alto low female voice

allegory fable

allegro fast

alleviate lessen, assuage

alliteration repetition of the same sound

altruism benevolence, generosity amalgamation mixture

amass collect

ambient surrounding, environment ambiguous unclear

ambivalence conflicting emotions ambulatory able to walk

ameliorate improve

amenable agreeable

amend correct

amenities courtesies, comforts amenity pleasantness

amiable friendly

amid among

amiss wrong, out of place

amity friendship

amnesty pardon

amoral without morals

amorous lvving sexual

amorphous shapeless

amortize pay by installments amphibious able to operate in water and land

amphitheater oval-shaped theater amuck murderous frenzy

amulet charm, talisman

amuse entertain

anachronistic out of historical order

anaerobic without oxygen

anagram a word formed by rearranging the letters of another word analgesic pain-soother

analogous similar

analogy point by point comparison anarchist terrorist

anarchy absence of government anathema curse

anecdote story

aneurysm bulging in a blood vessel

angst anxiety, dread

animadversion critical remark animated exuberant

animosity dislike

animus hate

annals historical records annex to attach

annihilate destroy

annotate to add explanatory notes annul cancel

annular ring-shaped

anodyne pain soothing

anoint consecrate

anomalous abnormal

anonymity state of being anonymous

antagonistic hostile

antagonize harass

antechamber waiting room

antediluvian ancient, obsolete anthology collection

anthrax disease

antic caper, prank

antipathy repulsion, hated antipodal exactly opposite antiquated outdated, obsolete antiquity ancient times

antithesis direct opposite apartheid racial segregation apathetic unconcerned

apathy indifference

ape mimic

aperture opening

apex highest point

aphasia speechless

aphorism maxim

aplomb poise

apocalyptic ominous, doomed apocryphal of doubtful

authenticity

apoplexy stroke

apostate one who abandons one’s faith

apotheosis deification

appall horrify

apparition phantom

appease pacify

appellation title

append affix

apposite apt

apprehensive anxious

apprise inform

approbation approval

apropos appropriate

apt suitable

aptitude ability

aquatic pertaining to water arbiter judge

arbitrament final judgment

arbitrary tyrannical, capricious arcane secret

archaic antiquated

archetype original model archipelago group of island archives public records ardent passionate

ardor passion

arduous hard

argonauts gold-seekers, adventurers

argot specialized vocabulary aria operatic song

arid dry, dull

aristocrat nobleman

armada fleet of ships

armistice truce

arraign indict

array arrangement

arrears in debt

arrogate seize without right arroyo gully

arsenal supply

artful skillful, cunning

articulate well-spoken

artifice trick

artless naive, simple

ascend rise

ascendancy powerful state

ascertain discover

ascetic self-denying

ascribe to attribute

aseptic sterile

ashen pale

asinine stupid

askance to view with suspicion askew crooked

aspersion slander

asphyxiate suffocate

aspirant contestant

aspiration ambition

assail attack

assassin murderer

assent agree

assert affirm

assess appraise

assiduous hard-working

assimilate absorb

assonance partial rhyme

assuage lessen (pain)

astral pertaining to stars

astringent causing contraction, severe

astute wise

asunder apart

asylum place of refuge

asymmetric uneven

atavistic exhibiting the characteristics of one’s forebears

atelier workshop

atoll reef

atomize vaporize

atone make amends

atrophy the wasting away of muscle attire dress

attribute ascribe

attrition deterioration, reduction atypical abnormal

au courant well informed

audacity boldness

audient listening, attentive

audition tryout

augment increase

augur predict

august noble

aura atmosphere, emanation

auspices patronage, protection

auspicious favorable

austere harsh, Spartan

authorize grant, sanction

automaton robot

autonomous self-governing

auxiliary secondary

avail assistance

avant garde vanguard

avarice greed

avatar incarnation

averse loath, reluctant

avert turn away

avian pertaining to birds

avid enthusiastic

avocation hobby

avouch attest, guarantee

avow declare

avuncular like an uncle

awry crooked

axiom self-evident truth

aye affirmative vote

attest tetify

attenuate weaken

今天的任务:

backhanded adj. 间接的,含沙射影的(indirect,devious;

especially?sarcastic)

(反)backhanded ◆ forthright 间接的 ◆ 直接的

(记)backhand原义反手击球,引申为间接的

bacteria n. 细菌,培养基

(类)bacteria?decomposition=yeast?fermentation 细菌造成腐烂=酵母造成发酵

bacterium?colony=citizen?nation 细菌?菌群=居民?国家(种属)

(反)host?parasite=medium?bacterium 寄主?寄生虫=细菌培养基?细菌 badge n. 徽章(a device of membership in a society)标志(a characteristic mark)

(类)chevron?badge=caisson?cart v型袖章?徽章=载炮车?大车 (种属)

【注:chevron:a sleeve badge that usually consists of one or more v-shaped stripes

caisson:a usually 2-wheeled vehicle for artillery ammunition】 badinage n. 打趣,揶揄(playful repartee:banter)

(反)badinage ◆ serious discourse 打趣 ◆ 严肃的谈话

badinage ◆ sincere conversation 打趣 ◆ 严肃的交谈

badinage ◆ clear reference 揶揄 ◆ 清晰的指出

(记)bad+inage=image 想象→坏想象→下流的想象→黄段子→打趣,揶揄 bait v. 折磨(to persist in tormenting or harassing another;badger) (反)disarm 抚慰,使消除敌意 mollify 抚慰 (干扰:fortify 使坚强)

【注】bait implies wanton cruelty or delight in persecuting a helpless victim /baited the chained dog/

disarm :to overcome or allay the suspicion, hostility, or antagonism of His smile disarmed us. 他的微笑消除了我们的怒气。

(记)原义:饵, 诱惑物。联想:以饵引诱(动物)→欺负,折磨(哎,动物真可怜)

bale n. 极恶(great evil)v.痛苦,悲哀(woe,sorrow)

(反)bale ◆ mirth 悲哀 ◆ 高兴

(记)谐音“背”北方方言“点儿背”是遭遇不幸的意思→痛苦,灾祸 baleful adj. 邪恶的,有害的(deadly or pernicious in influence) (类)baleful?menace=solicitous?concern 邪恶的?邪恶=关切的?关心(形名同义)

(反)baleful ◆ beneficent 邪恶的 ◆ 仁慈的

balk vt. 阻止(block)不肯前行,退缩(refuse to proceed) (反)balk ◆ move ahead willingly 不肯前行 ◆ 欣然前行

(记)来自bar 栅栏,障碍物

balky adj. 不肯前行的,倔强的(refusing to proceed;restive, wrongheaded)

(反)balky ◆ tractable 倔强的 ◆ 温顺的

balky ◆ acquiesce 不听话的 ◆ 默许

ballad n. 民歌(a simple song)抒情民谣(a popular slow sentimental song) (类)ballad?song=lyric?poem=comedian?actor 民谣?歌曲=抒情诗?诗歌=

喜剧演员?演员

ballad?stanza=novel?chapter 民谣?诗节=小说?章节(组成)

【注】ballad:a narrative poem consisting of simple stanzas 民谣就是一种叙事诗歌

(记)ball 舞会+lad(谐音:拉的)联想:舞会上拉的(曲子)→抒情民谣 balloon v. 膨胀(to swell or puff out)迅速增加(to increase rapidly) (反)balloon ◆ decrease slowly 迅速增加 ◆ 缓慢减少 (记)balloon 原义气球

balm n. 香膏(an aromatic preparation)安慰剂(a soothing restorative agency)

(类)antidote?poisoning=balm?irritation 解毒?毒=安慰剂?刺激(前者消除后者)

(反)balm ◆ piquant/ irritant 香膏 ◆ 辛辣物/ 刺激物

balmy ◆ inclement 温和的 ◆ 严酷的

balmy ◆ piquant 芬芳的 ◆ 辛辣的【注:balmy温和的(mild);芬芳的(fragrant)】

(记)与palm(手掌)一起记;宽大的手掌抚平心头的创伤。

banal adj. 凡的, 陈腐的(lacking originality, freshness, or novelty?trite)

(反)banal ◆ novel/ arresting 陈腐的 ◆ 有新意的/ 引人注意的 banality ◆ freshness 陈腐 ◆ 新鲜

banality ◆ original/ original expression 陈腐 ◆ 原创

(记)与banana一起记,香蕉容易腐烂。

band n.带子(flat, thin strip of material)收音机波段(range of frequencies)

bane n. 祸根 (cause of ruin)

(反)bane ◆ blessing 祸根 ◆ 福根

【注:blessing福根(a thing conducive to happiness or welfare)】 (反)bane ◆ benefit 祸根 ◆ 益处

salubrious ◆ baneful 有益健康的 ◆ 非常有害的

【注:baneful 非常有害的(seriously harmful)】

(记)注意和bale灾难,痛苦区别。bane强调灾难造成的原因。

banish vt. 驱逐(exile;to drive away;expel)

(类)evict?residence=banish?country 逐出?住宅=驱逐出?国家 (记)ban 禁止→禁止在这个国家停留→驱逐

banister n. 栏杆的支柱,楼梯的扶栏(a handrail with its supporting posts)

(类)staircase?banister=garden?fence(干扰:curb?road)

楼梯?扶栏=花园?围墙(干扰:路边?路)

banquet n. 盛宴(a sumptuous feast)

(类)author?novel=sculptor?marble(干扰:chef?banquet(厨师?宴会)) 作家?小说=雕塑家?雕刻品(人物及其创作工作对象)

【注】chef?banquet(厨师:宴会) 是干扰选项。厨师的直接工作对象当然是食物,宴

会与厨师有关但并非厨师是主角。marble :a sculpture made from this rock雕刻品

banter v. 善意的玩笑(to speak to or address in a witty and teasing manner)

(类)playful?banter=exaggerated?hyperbole 玩笑的?玩笑=夸张的?夸张(形名同义)

(记)谐音:帮他。联想:用善意的玩笑来帮助他。

(例)The students enjoyed their teacher's bantering them about their mistakes.

同学们对老师用风趣的方式讲解他们的错误很感兴趣。

barb n. 尖锐而严厉的批评(a biting or pointedly critical remark or comment)

(类)barb?caustic=pan?harsh 尖锐批评?尖刻的=严厉批评?严厉的 (记)barb 倒钩 联想:带钩带刺的,批评。

barbarous adj.野蛮的, 残暴的, 粗野的(mercilessly harsh or cruel) (反)quiescent 安静的 civilized 文明的

(记)barbar(愚昧)+ous 联想:愚昧的→野蛮的

bargain v. 讨价还价(to negotiate over the terms of a purchase) (类)debate?issue=bargain?price 争论?议题=讨价还价?价钱

(同)huckster(叫卖), palter(斤斤计较)

baroque adj. 高度装饰的,过份雕琢的(highly ornate)

(反)baroque ◆ austere 过分修饰的 ◆ 简朴的

(记)由"巴洛克"艺术而来,讲究装饰。

v. 枪弹齐发n. 连续质问

(类)barrage?explosives=deluge?rain 枪弹齐发?爆炸物=豪雨?雨

(例)the announcement was met with a barrage of protests这项声明遭遇了暴风骤雨般的抗议。

(记)bar(棒子)+ rage(疯狂)→棒子很疯狂→枪弹齐发

barrage 2 n. 拦河坝,堰(artificial obstacle built across a river) barren adj. 不育的,贫瘠的(lacking vegetation)

(反)barren ◆ prolific 不育的 ◆ 大量繁殖的

(记)bar=bare(光秃的)→不孕的,贫瘠的

政治类

8、"It is often necessary, even desirable, for political leaders to withhold information from the public."

basically agree with the statement

1,some imformation will disrupt the stability of the society and the peacefullife of people, such as terrorism

2.some imformation refers to the secret of politics and military affairs

3.people still have right to know the some imformation for avoiding the corruption

issue24

People in positions of power are most effective when they exercise caution and restraint in the use of that power.

只有当权者谨慎的使用他们的权力时才能有最好的效率

agree

1, the decision is so important that it decides the development of society and the lives of common people.Like Jap. decide change radio , whcih brings about the economic crisis

2, the most decisions are for long-term program, we can't afford it 3,cautiouslt use the power to decede can avoid the waste.

43"To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards."

agree

1devote to people and nation thoroughly and selflessly

2get rid of corruption

3make a great idol for people

issue45

Government officials should rely on their own judgment rather than unquestioningly carrying out the will of the people whom they serve. partly disagree

1.people will vote to choose the leader who represents their benefits. like Amirecan ,election of president,the candidates will tell people their

main policy and point

2.leaders should consider the effect of public reaction rather than their own

3.sometimes leaders should insist on their judgement because they must have better insight to make decision.

issue79"Major policy decisions should always be left to politicians and other government experts, who are more informed and thus have better judgment and perspective than do members of the general public." 这个和上个基本一样

97"It is unfortunate but true that political decisions and activities affect all aspects of people's lives."

partly disaree

1 art and music,you can't tell the political decisions from tht painting of music.

2 development of science and technology(it limited by itself developing level )

3.sometimes some political decisions lie on the pulic opinion people vote for the new laws and regulations

123"It is possible to identify a person's politics within a very short time of meeting him or her. Everything about people—their clothes, their friends, the way they talk, what they eat—reflects their political beliefs."

基本不同意,

从人的外观去看人很难真正在短时间了解一个人

比如有可能为迎合需要装成某个角色

而且对于一些领导人,政见不光代表他们个人,而是党派

当然也可以从衣着,朋友,习惯等等去了解一个人,比如他是开放还是保守 我觉得在生活中最快了解一个人就是看他最好的朋友和他周围的朋友

一般来说很准

167"It is impossible for an effective political leader to tell the truth all the time. Complete honesty is not a useful virtue for a politician." 绝对的诚实并不实用与政治家?!

agree

采用issue 8的观点

但是政治家也需要在必要时坦白,受公众监督

个人认为社会类和政治类的issue都可以basically agree( or disgree) 因为我比较喜欢稍微平衡一点的观点

169"Those who treat politics and morality as though they were separate realms fail to understand either the one or the other."

认为政治和道德无关的人既不懂政治也不懂道德

193"It is not the headline-making political events but the

seldom-reported social transformations(innovation) that have the most lasting significance."

对生活更有持久影响力的不是头版头条的政治新闻,而是少有报道的社会革命 195"The goal of politics should not be the pursuit of an ideal, but rather the search for common ground and reasonable consensus."

政治的目标不是追求理想状态,而是寻求共通点达成共识(我理解就是少数人服从多数人的利益)

202"Unlike great thinkers and great artists, the most effective political leaders must often yield to public opinion and abandon principle for the sake of compromise."

政治家要牺牲自己的原则?!

224"Censorship is rarely, if ever, justified."

censor:审察员, censorship:审查机构

审查机构的做法是不正确的,不如对电影的删剪,书籍的禁止发行

社会问题:

186 "Practicality is now our great idol, which all powers and talents must serve. Anything that is not obviously practical has little value in today's world."

一切追求实用性

15 "The stability of a society depends on how it responds to the extremes of human behavior."

社会的安定取决于社会对人们极端行为的回应措施。

这个要是没准备我当场肯定没电,估计是针对恐怖活动?!

121 "At various times in the geological past, many species have become extinct as a result of natural, rather than human, processes. Thus, there is no justification for society to make extraordinary efforts, especially at a great cost in money and jobs, to save endangered species."

在过去不同的地质时期,很多物种的灭绝都是自然因素造成,而并非人类行为。所以,社会没有理由花费很大的人力物力去拯救濒临灭绝的物种。

149 "The most practical and effective way to protect wilderness areas is to attract more tourists to these areas through environmentally sensitive projects."

保护野生环境最实际有效的方法就是通过环保项目吸引更多的观光客到那些地方去。

242. "Societies should try to save every plant and animal species, regardless of the expense to humans in effort, time, and financial well-being."

133 "The problems of modern society have led many people to complain: 'We live in terrible times.' Yet, given the choice, no one today would prefer to live in any other time."

社会总体是在曲折中进步的,对社会的不满也是社会进步的动力之

137 "What we call progress is a matter of exchanging one problem for another."

我们所谓的进步只不过是由问题变成另一个问题。

不如有了电脑解决了一堆问题,同时也带来了黑客,不健康的网络等等问题

147 "Tradition and modernization are incompatible. One must choose between them."

211 "Any decision-whether made by government, by a corporation, or by an individual person-must take into account future conditions more than present conditions."

一个决策,不管政府、企业抑或个人做出的,都应该考虑将来的情形多于目前的情形。

99 "In any realm of life -- whether academic, social, business, or political -- the only way to succeed is to take a practical, rather than an idealistic, point of view. Pragmatic behavior guarantees survival, whereas idealistic views tend to be superceded by simpler, more immediate options."

在生活的各个领域,不管是学术、社交、商业或政治,要想成功,只能靠实际而并非理想化的观点。注重成效才能确保生存,而理想主义的观点会被更检但直接的取代。

我对这个题目的理解就是,现实要比理想重要的多,就好比好多人为了现实生活放弃自己的爱好,理想。我喜欢文却不得不学理科。

148 "Many people admire idealism, but it usually leads to disappointment or trouble."

2 "Competition is ultimately more beneficial than detrimental to society."

37 "In most societies, competition generally has more of a negative than a positive effect."

上面两个题目可以看成一个,都是说在社会中,竞争的利大于弊还是弊大于利 alimentary adj.食物的, 营养的(concerned with food, nutrition, or digestion)

allege vt.宣称,断言,指控

(例)The police allege that the man was murdered but they have given no proof.

警方称这名男子被人谋杀,但并未提供任何证据。

(派)allegedly adv.依其申述;涉嫌 alleged声称的,所谓的,涉嫌的allegation无证据的指控

allegory n.寓言

alleviate v.缓和,减轻to make(as suffering) more bearable (类)alleviate?strength=dampen?ardor 减轻?强度=使沮丧?热情 alleviate?intensity=console?grief 减轻?强度=安慰?悲痛

(反)exacerbate恶化 increase intensity加强

(记)lev(轻)参考:levity(轻率)

alley n 小巷,胡同

alliterate v. 押头韵(the repetition of initial consonant sounds) (类)alliterate?remove=blazon?efface 押头韵难以删除=纹章难以拭除 (例) "The furrow followed free" is an example of alliteration Allowance n. 定量(a fixed or available amount)

(类)pittance?allowance=rivulet?stream 少量?定量=小溪?溪流 (小与正常)

(例)We were provided an allowance of time for recreation. 我们拥有定量的娱乐时间。

alloy n.合金,混合物 vt. 融合,混合(to combine; mix:)

(派)unalloyed 纯粹的

allure v. 诱惑,引诱(to attract with something desirable;entice) (派)alluring诱人的

alluvial adj. 冲积的, 淤积的

ally n. 同盟(a sovereign or state associated with another by treaty or league)

(反)adversary / rival 敌手

(记)与alley小巷,小径易混。从读音上区分:all+ly(=lie)→都撒谎 联想:盟国之间都撒谎

almond n.杏树, 杏仁

alphabetical adj. 按字母顺序的(arranged in the order of the letters) (类)dictionary?alphabetical=annals?chronological

字典按字母顺序排列=编年史按时间顺序排列

(记)alpha和bet 是希腊字母A和B的读音。(学数学时经常用到啊)

alternate adj. 交替的, 轮流的, 取代的,供替换的v. 交替, 轮流 n.候选人,替代性选择

alternative n. 替代性选择,选择余地 adj. 二中选一的;标新立异的 (记)一定要与alternate区别开。两者词义有交叉也有不同

(例)We have no alternative but to go on. 除了继续下去,我们没有选择的余地

altercation n.争论, 口角

altitude n.海拔高度;高处

altruism n. 利他主义(devotion to the welfare of others)

(类)altruist?selflessness=connoisseur?expertise

利他主义者具有无私品格=鉴赏家具有专门技术

(反)altruism ◆ egocentric 利他主义 ◆ 利己主义 (egoism) (记)alter(=other 其他)参考:alternate 交替的,轮流的

aluminium n. 铝 adj.铝的

amass vt. 收集, 积聚(尤指财富)

amateur n.业余爱好者

(记)ama(=amor爱)参考:amorous恋爱的 amateurish 业余的 enamored倾心的

ambience n.气氛,情调(a feeling or mood associated with a particular place)

ambiguous adj. 含糊的,不明确的(doubtful from obscurity)

(类)equivocation?ambiguous=platitude?banal 模棱两可的话?含糊的=陈词滥调?陈腐的

ambiguous?understand=blatant?ignore 不明确的不容易被理解=明显的不容易被忽视

ambiguous?clarity=mendacious?truth 模棱两可?清楚=虚假的?事实 equivocation?ambiguous=oxymoron?incongruous

模棱两可?不明确的=矛盾修饰法?不调和的

(反)(记)ambi(二)→双重意义→含糊的

ambivalent adj(对人、事物)有矛盾心理的,摇摆不定的

amble vi. 漫步,溜达(to walk slowly or leisurely;stroll)

(类)amble?walk=chat?talk=doodle ?draw 漫步?步行=闲聊?谈话=乱画? 画

tint?suffuse=amble?wander 轻微着色?弥漫充满=溜达?到处溜达,漫游(程度)

(反)amble ◆ step quickly 漫步 ◆ 快走

(记)amble(=ambul 走) 参考:ambulance 急救车 ambulatory 走动的,流动的

ambrosial adj. 特别美味的(delicious)

(类)mellifluous?music=ambrosial?food 悦耳的音乐=美味的食物

ameliorate vt. 改善,改良,变好

(类)ameliorate?improve=admonish?caution 改善?改进=告诫?警示(同义)

(反)ameliorate ◆ aggravate 改善 ◆ 使恶化

damper ◆ amelioration 抑制 ◆ 改进

(记)ameli 谐音:爱美丽 联想:爱美丽所以要不断改善自己。

Amenable adj. 愿服从的,通情达理的(responsive to advice, authority;tractable)

(反)intransigent 不妥协的 inimical 敌意的

(记)a-men联想基督教祷告语阿门,再联想基督教徒是通情达理的。 amendment n. 改善, 改正;修正案

amenity n. 适意(agreeableness),礼仪(courtesy)便利设施(convenience, facility)

(类)amenity?comfortable=honorarium?grateful 便利设施令人舒适=谢礼用以表达感谢

amiable adj. 亲切的,和蔼可亲的(being friendly, sociable, and congenial) (反)inimical 有敌意的

amicable adj. 友善的,和平的(neighborly)

(反)asperity ◆ amicableness 粗暴◆友善

amity n.友好, 亲善关系

(反)enmity, animosity, antagonism, antipathy, hostility; conflict, contention, discord, dissension

amnesia n. 健忘症

(记)a(否定)+mnes(记忆)+ia(病)→记不住的病→健忘症

amnesty n. 特赦

(记)a(否定)+mnes记忆→不再记着罪过→赦免,特赦

amoral adj. 与道德无关的;不懂是非的

(例)Young children are amoral. 小孩子是不懂是非的。

(记)区别:immoral不道德的,邪恶的

Amorous ] adj.色情的, 含情脉脉的, 表示爱情的

(记)amor爱神丘比特 参考:amateur业余爱好者 amour偷情

amorphous adj. 无定形的

(类)

amorphous?shape=errant?course=wandering?course=equivocal?meaning 无定形的?形状=路线不定的?路线=漫游的?路线=模棱两可的?意义

(记)a(无)+morph(形状)→无形状的

amortize v. 分期付款

(记)a+morti(谐音:茅台)联想:茅台很贵,所以一瓶茅台也要分期付款 ample adj. 充足的, 丰富的

(记)ampl(大)参考:amplitude 广阔,丰富 amplify 放大,增强

amputate vt.截肢(amputee截肢者)

amulet n. 护身符(an object worn as a charm符咒 against evil or injury)

(类)amulet?evil=helmet?injury 护身符防邪恶=头盔防伤害

anachronistic n. 时代错误,不合时代的人或事 adj.时代错误的

(记)ana(错)+chron(时间)参考:chronic慢性的

anaerobic adj. 无氧能活的(living in the absence of free oxygen) (反)anaerobic ◆ living in oxygen 无氧能活的 ◆ 生活在氧气里的 anaerobic ◆ require oxygen 无氧能活的 ◆ 需要氧气的

(记)an(无)+ aero(空气)→无氧能活的

anarchist [n. 无政府主义者(one who rebels against any authority or established order)

(类)anarchist?rebel=apologist?defend 无政府主义者?谋反=辩护者?辩护(正面特征)

(反)anarchy ◆ order 无政府状态,混乱 ◆ 次序,规则

(记)an+archy(统治)→无政府 参考:anarchy无政府状态

ancillary adj. 补助的, 副的(SUBORDINATE, SUBSIDIARY)

(反)ancillary ◆ paramount 辅助的,次要的 ◆ 最主要的

(记)an+cillary 谐音:一个希拉里。联想:希拉里是克林顿的助手

] n. 极度痛苦(agonizing physical or???????anguish [ mental pain; torment)v. 使痛苦

angular adj有角的;瘦骨嶙峋的

(记)来自angle角

anhydrous adj. 无水的(free from water)

(反)anhydrous◆wet 无水的◆潮湿的

(记)an(无)+hydr(水)→无水的 参考:hydrate与水化合

animate adj. 活的,有生气的 v. 鼓励

(反)lassitude◆vim/ animation 疲倦,疲乏◆精力/ 生气

(记) 联想animal,动物不知疲倦,有着勃勃生机。比如我们往往用“野兽”形容一个人精力旺盛

Animosity n.仇恨, 憎恶

animus n.敌意(hostile feeling or intent)

(反)animus ◆ friendliness 敌意 ◆ 友好

(记)anim=animals动物+us我们 联想:动物与我们之间存在着深深的敌意。 annals n. 纪年表,年鉴,年报(a record of events arranged in yearly sequence)

(类)dictionary?alphabetical=annals?chronological

字典?依字母顺序的=年鉴?按年代顺序的(事物及其编排方式)

(记)ann(年,一年)参考:annual 每年的,一年一次的

annexation n.合并

annihilate vt. 消灭, 歼灭(to destroy completely)

(记)nihil (无)参考:nihil无,虚无 nihilism虚无主义nil没有,零 annul v. 宣告无效,取消(to declare or make legally invalid or void) (反)annul ◆ make legal 宣告无效 ◆ 使合法

annul ◆ reaffirm 宣告无效 ◆ 重新确认

(记)an+nul(=null零)→取消 参考:nullify取消

antagonize vt. 使成敌人,敌对,反对(to incur or provoke the hostility of)

(类)cowardice?intimidate=choler?antagonize 懦弱?胁迫=愤怒?敌对(容易被)

(反)antagonize ◆ placate/ mollify/ propitiate 引起敌意 ◆ 抚慰,消除敌意

synergic ◆ antagonistic 协作的,合作的 ◆ 敌对的

(记)ant(反)+agon(打斗,比赛) 联想:对抗

antedate vt. 将时间提前;先于,前于

(例)That event antedated World WarⅡ. 那事件发生在第二次世界大战之前。 The cold weather antedated their departure. 寒冷的天气使他们提前离开。 antediluvian adj. 上古的, 史前的(antiquated;ancient)

(类)antediluvian?age=colossal?size 古老的?年代=巨大的?尺寸

(记)ante(前面)+diluv(洪水)→洪水来临之前→上古(大禹后来开始治水)

antenna n. 天线,触角

anterior adj. 前面的, 在前的(coming before in time or development) (反)anterior ◆ ensuing 前面的 ◆ 后来的

(同)antecedent n. 先辈;先例 adj.先行的 former,precedent, previous, prior

Anthology n. 诗集,文选(a collection of selected literary works of art) (类)compendium?summary=anthology?collection 概略?概要=文选?文集(同义)

(记)antho-(前缀:花)+ log(=leg 采摘,聚集)→花的集合→文选 参考:anthomania 花痴 legion 军团,众多,大批

antic adj 古怪的, 滑稽可笑的(characterized by clownish absurdity) (类)facetious?speech=antic?behavior 爱开玩笑的?谈话=滑稽的?行为(修饰关系)

(同)fantastic,bizarre,grotesque

(记)ant+ic 联想:蚂蚁也用ic卡 →可笑

anticlimax n. 急转而下;虎头蛇尾

(记)anti(反)+climax(高潮)→反高潮→急转直下的变化,虎头蛇尾的结局

antiquated adj.陈旧的,过时的

(记)源自antique古董

antithesis n.对立面

(例)Hope is the antithesis of despair. 希望是绝望的对立面

apathy n. 漠然,冷淡(lack of feeling or emotion)

(类)ennui?enthusiastic=fervor?apathetic 倦怠?热心的=热情?缺乏感情的

(反)vehement ◆ apathetic 激烈的 ◆ 缺乏感情的

(记)a+pathy →无感情的→冷淡

aphorism n. 格言(pithy maxim)

(类)brevity?aphorism=distortion?caricature 简短?格言=曲解?漫画(正面特征)

euphemism?offensive=aphorism?diffusive 委婉语?令人不快的=格言?冗长的(反面特征)

pithiness?aphorism=exaggeration?caricature 简洁?警语=夸张?漫画(正面特征)

(同)maxim, apothegm, axiom, gnome 注意:格言与谚语的不同

aplomb n. 沉着自信, 泰然自若(self-confident assurance; poise) (记)来自plumb 铅锤探测,垂直;铅锤给人一种沉稳的感觉。

apocalyptic adj. 启示的,预言的 (prophetic)

(类)apocalyptic?prophetic=inconsequential?illogical

启示录的?预言的=不符合逻辑的?不符合逻辑的 (同义)

(反)apocalyptic ◆ inconsequential 天启的 ◆ 不重要的

apocryphal n. 虚假的(untrue;made up)

(反)apocryphal ◆ authentic 假冒的 ◆ 可信的

(记)apo-远离+ cry(哭)+phal →远远地哭→虚情假意的→虚假的 apophasis n. 表面上否认实际要说的话

例如:I will not bring up my opponent's questionable financial dealings. 我不想提我的对手令人怀疑的财政问题。(表面不想提,实际就是要说的话)

(类)apophasis?claim=oxymoron?paradox

婉转表述?表述=矛盾修饰法?矛盾(事物与其相关对象)

【注:oxymoron :a combination of contradictory words 例如:cruel kindness 残酷的温柔】

(记)apo-远离+phasis(= say说)→远远的绕圈子说话 参考:phrase 短语

apoplectic adj. 易怒的,狂怒的(greatly agitated)

(类)apoplectic?angry=emaciated?thin 狂怒的?发怒=消瘦的?瘦(褒贬) apoplectic?calmness=callow?mature 狂怒的?平静的=幼稚?成熟(反义) (反)apoplectic ◆ calm 易怒的 ◆ 冷静的

apostasy n. 背教,变节,脱党(renunciation of a religious faith) (类)apostasy?faith=recantation?heresy 变节不再忠实=放弃(异端)论调不再异端

(反)apostasy ◆ fidelity 变节 ◆ 忠诚

(记)apo- 远 sta=state (国家) 联想:远离国家→背叛

apothecary n. 药剂师(one who prepares and sells drugs)

(类)apothecary?medicine=butcher?meat 药剂师配药出售=屠夫屠宰肉食出售

apotheosis n.尊为神, 神化(deification);典范,典型(an exalted example)

(记)theo神 参考:theology 神学

appall vt. 使胆寒,使惊骇(to overcome with consternation) (反)embolden使大胆 nerve 鼓起勇气 encourage激励

(记)ap+pal=pale(苍白)→脸色变白→胆寒 参考:appalling令人震惊的

apparel v. 装饰n.服装(clothing, especially outer garments; attire) (类)gaudy?apparel=grandiloquent?speak 俗丽的?装饰=浮夸的?说话 tonsorial?hair=sartorial?apparel 理发师的?头发=裁缝匠的?服装

(记)ap+parel(=prepare准备)联想:准备好盛装去参加舞会。参考:apparatus设备,仪器

apparition n. 鬼怪,幽灵(a ghostly figure)(特异景象的)显现 (同)specter幽灵;wraith 幽灵 需掌握

(记)字头记忆法:三个幽灵的开头字母合起来是was

appeal vi. 请求, 呼吁, 上诉(to make an earnest request)

(类)remonstrator?dissuade=applicant?appeal 提出异议的人?劝阻=申请者?请求 (正面特征)

(记)ap+peal(=pull拉)→拉过去→吸引;

appeal to v. 求助于,诉诸于appeal to arms诉诸于武力

appealing adj. 引起兴趣的,动人的(having appeal?PLEASING ) (反)noisome ◆ appealing 令人不快的◆引起兴趣的

appellation n. 名称, 称呼,命名(A name, title, or designation) (类)foreword?introductory=appellation?designate 前言?介绍性的=命名?命名的

(记)来自appeal请求 联想:请求皇帝册封名号。

applause n. 鼓掌,喝彩,赞许 (approval publicly expressed)

(类)mirth?laughter=approval?applause 欢乐?笑=赞成?鼓掌(后者表达前者)

(记)参考:plausible似是而非的

application n.请求, 申请;应用;应用程序

(记)参考:apply申请;applicant申请人;applicable可应用的,适用的 appreciable adj. 可感知的,可评估的(capable of being perceived or measured)

(反)appreciable ◆ imperceptible 可感知的 ◆ 不能感知的 ponderable ◆ inappreciable 有价值的 ◆ 微不足道的

(记)参考:appreciation v. 欣赏,正确评价;感激

apprise v. 通知,告知(inform)

(类)apprise?information=admonish?warning 通知传达信息=告诫表达警告 (反)apprise ◆ withhold information 通知 ◆ 保留信息

(记)ap+prise学习→学习就是被告知。参考: apprentice学徒

approach n. 接近,方法 vt. 接近, 动手处理 vi. 靠近

(例)He approached the task with dread. 他惶恐地着手处理这项任务

approbation n. 认可,嘉许(warmly commending acceptance or agreement) (类)praise?approbation=demur?objection 称赞?嘉许=提出异议?反对(同义)

censure?blameless=approbation?reprehensible 指责?无可责难的=嘉许?应谴责的

(反)execration 咒骂

(记)由prob 联想 probe;探索精神值得称赞。参考:probative探测的,检验的

appropriate v. 拨款;盗取, 挪用(to take use of without authority);adj. 适当的

(类)lurk?concealment=purloin?appropriation 潜伏?隐蔽=偷窃?盗取 (同义)

(同)pilfer, pinch, purloin

(记)ap+propri(自己的)→据为己有→盗取, 挪用 参考:proprietary 所有权,所有者

property 财产 proper 适当的 这个词义由自己的→固有的→恰当的;固有的当然是恰当的

approve vi. 赞成;vt.批准, 通过(sanction)证实,证明(to prove or attest)

approximate adj. 近似的, 大约的

apron n. 围裙

(类)dropclothing?floor=apron?clothing 地板罩单?地板=围裙?衣服(双重对应:覆盖+保护)

(记)a+pron(谐音:仆人)联想:一个仆人经常穿的东西

apt adj. 易于的,适当的(unusually fitted or qualified )

(反)apt ◆ extremely inappropriate 适当的 ◆ 非常不适当的 apt ◆ unlikely 适当的 ◆ 不可能的

aptness ◆ unsuitability 恰当 ◆ 不适合

aquatic adj. 水生的,水中的(growing or living in water)

(类)aerial?air=aquatic?water=arboreal?tree

空气中生活的?空气=水栖的?水=树栖的?树

(记)aqu(水)参考 aqueduct 导水管 aquifer 含水土层

aquifer n. 蓄水层(a water-bearing stratum of permeable rock) (类)shale?lode=well?aquifer 页岩?矿脉=水源?蓄水层(发源地)

【注:well :an issue of water from the earth:a pool fed by a spring】 (记)aqui (=水)+ fer (带来)→带来水的地方→含水层 参考:confer 授予 prefer 更喜欢

aquiline adj. 鹰的, 象鹰的, 弯曲的

arable adj.可耕的, 适于耕种的

alimentary adj.食物的, 营养的(concerned with food, nutrition, or digestion)

allege vt.宣称,断言,指控

(例)The police allege that the man was murdered but they have given no proof.

警方称这名男子被人谋杀,但并未提供任何证据。

(派)allegedly adv.依其申述;涉嫌 alleged声称的,所谓的,涉嫌的allegation无证据的指控

allegory n.寓言

alleviate v.缓和,减轻to make(as suffering) more bearable (类)alleviate?strength=dampen?ardor 减轻?强度=使沮丧?热情 alleviate?intensity=console?grief 减轻?强度=安慰?悲痛

(反)exacerbate恶化 increase intensity加强

(记)lev(轻)参考:levity(轻率)

alley n 小巷,胡同

alliterate v. 押头韵(the repetition of initial consonant sounds) (类)alliterate?remove=blazon?efface 押头韵难以删除=纹章难以拭除 (例) "The furrow followed free" is an example of alliteration Allowance n. 定量(a fixed or available amount)

(类)pittance?allowance=rivulet?stream 少量?定量=小溪?溪流 (小与正常)

(例)We were provided an allowance of time for recreation. 我们拥有定量的娱乐时间。

alloy n.合金,混合物 vt. 融合,混合(to combine; mix:)

(派)unalloyed 纯粹的

allure v. 诱惑,引诱(to attract with something desirable;entice) (派)alluring诱人的

alluvial adj. 冲积的, 淤积的

ally n. 同盟(a sovereign or state associated with another by treaty or league)

(反)adversary / rival 敌手

(记)与alley小巷,小径易混。从读音上区分:all+ly(=lie)→都撒谎 联想:盟国之间都撒谎

almond n.杏树, 杏仁

alphabetical adj. 按字母顺序的(arranged in the order of the letters) (类)dictionary?alphabetical=annals?chronological

字典按字母顺序排列=编年史按时间顺序排列

(记)alpha和bet 是希腊字母A和B的读音。(学数学时经常用到啊)

alternate adj. 交替的, 轮流的, 取代的,供替换的v. 交替, 轮流 n.候选人,替代性选择

alternative n. 替代性选择,选择余地 adj. 二中选一的;标新立异的 (记)一定要与alternate区别开。两者词义有交叉也有不同

(例)We have no alternative but to go on. 除了继续下去,我们没有选择的余地

altercation n.争论, 口角

altitude n.海拔高度;高处

altruism n. 利他主义(devotion to the welfare of others)

(类)altruist?selflessness=connoisseur?expertise

利他主义者具有无私品格=鉴赏家具有专门技术

(反)altruism ◆ egocentric 利他主义 ◆ 利己主义 (egoism) (记)alter(=other 其他)参考:alternate 交替的,轮流的

aluminium n. 铝 adj.铝的

amass vt. 收集, 积聚(尤指财富)

amateur n.业余爱好者

(记)ama(=amor爱)参考:amorous恋爱的 amateurish 业余的 enamored倾心的

ambience n.气氛,情调(a feeling or mood associated with a particular place)

ambiguous adj. 含糊的,不明确的(doubtful from obscurity)

(类)equivocation?ambiguous=platitude?banal 模棱两可的话?含糊的=陈词滥调?陈腐的

ambiguous?understand=blatant?ignore 不明确的不容易被理解=明显的不容易被忽视

ambiguous?clarity=mendacious?truth 模棱两可?清楚=虚假的?事实 equivocation?ambiguous=oxymoron?incongruous

模棱两可?不明确的=矛盾修饰法?不调和的

(反)(记)ambi(二)→双重意义→含糊的

ambivalent adj(对人、事物)有矛盾心理的,摇摆不定的

amble vi. 漫步,溜达(to walk slowly or leisurely;stroll)

(类)amble?walk=chat?talk=doodle ?draw 漫步?步行=闲聊?谈话=乱画? 画

tint?suffuse=amble?wander 轻微着色?弥漫充满=溜达?到处溜达,漫游(程度)

(反)amble ◆ step quickly 漫步 ◆ 快走

(记)amble(=ambul 走) 参考:ambulance 急救车 ambulatory 走动的,流动的

ambrosial adj. 特别美味的(delicious)

(类)mellifluous?music=ambrosial?food 悦耳的音乐=美味的食物 ameliorate vt. 改善,改良,变好

(类)ameliorate?improve=admonish?caution 改善?改进=告诫?警示(同义)

(反)ameliorate ◆ aggravate 改善 ◆ 使恶化

damper ◆ amelioration 抑制 ◆ 改进

(记)ameli 谐音:爱美丽 联想:爱美丽所以要不断改善自己。

Amenable adj. 愿服从的,通情达理的(responsive to advice, authority;tractable)

(反)intransigent 不妥协的 inimical 敌意的

(记)a-men联想基督教祷告语阿门,再联想基督教徒是通情达理的。 amendment n. 改善, 改正;修正案

amenity n. 适意(agreeableness),礼仪(courtesy)便利设施(convenience, facility)

(类)amenity?comfortable=honorarium?grateful 便利设施令人舒适=谢礼用以表达感谢

amiable adj. 亲切的,和蔼可亲的(being friendly, sociable, and congenial) (反)inimical 有敌意的

amicable adj. 友善的,和平的(neighborly)

(反)asperity ◆ amicableness 粗暴◆友善

amity n.友好, 亲善关系

(反)enmity, animosity, antagonism, antipathy, hostility; conflict, contention, discord, dissension

amnesia n. 健忘症

(记)a(否定)+mnes(记忆)+ia(病)→记不住的病→健忘症

amnesty n. 特赦

(记)a(否定)+mnes记忆→不再记着罪过→赦免,特赦

amoral adj. 与道德无关的;不懂是非的

(例)Young children are amoral. 小孩子是不懂是非的。

(记)区别:immoral不道德的,邪恶的

Amorous ] adj.色情的, 含情脉脉的, 表示爱情的

(记)amor爱神丘比特 参考:amateur业余爱好者 amour偷情

amorphous adj. 无定形的

(类)

amorphous?shape=errant?course=wandering?course=equivocal?meaning 无定形的?形状=路线不定的?路线=漫游的?路线=模棱两可的?意义

(记)a(无)+morph(形状)→无形状的

amortize v. 分期付款

(记)a+morti(谐音:茅台)联想:茅台很贵,所以一瓶茅台也要分期付款 ample adj. 充足的, 丰富的

(记)ampl(大)参考:amplitude 广阔,丰富 amplify 放大,增强

amputate vt.截肢(amputee截肢者)

amulet n. 护身符(an object worn as a charm符咒 against evil or injury)

(类)amulet?evil=helmet?injury 护身符防邪恶=头盔防伤害 anachronistic n. 时代错误,不合时代的人或事 adj.时代错误的 (记)ana(错)+chron(时间)参考:chronic慢性的

anaerobic adj. 无氧能活的(living in the absence of free oxygen) (反)anaerobic ◆ living in oxygen 无氧能活的 ◆ 生活在氧气里的 anaerobic ◆ require oxygen 无氧能活的 ◆ 需要氧气的

(记)an(无)+ aero(空气)→无氧能活的

anarchist [n. 无政府主义者(one who rebels against any authority or established order)

(类)anarchist?rebel=apologist?defend 无政府主义者?谋反=辩护者?辩护(正面特征)

(反)anarchy ◆ order 无政府状态,混乱 ◆ 次序,规则

(记)an+archy(统治)→无政府 参考:anarchy无政府状态

ancillary adj. 补助的, 副的(SUBORDINATE, SUBSIDIARY)

(反)ancillary ◆ paramount 辅助的,次要的 ◆ 最主要的 (记)an+cillary 谐音:一个希拉里。联想:希拉里是克林顿的助手

] n. 极度痛苦(agonizing physical or???????anguish [ mental pain; torment)v. 使痛苦

angular adj有角的;瘦骨嶙峋的

(记)来自angle角

anhydrous adj. 无水的(free from water)

(反)anhydrous◆wet 无水的◆潮湿的

(记)an(无)+hydr(水)→无水的 参考:hydrate与水化合

animate adj. 活的,有生气的 v. 鼓励

(反)lassitude◆vim/ animation 疲倦,疲乏◆精力/ 生气

(记) 联想animal,动物不知疲倦,有着勃勃生机。比如我们往往用“野兽”形容一个人精力旺盛

Animosity n.仇恨, 憎恶

animus n.敌意(hostile feeling or intent)

(反)animus ◆ friendliness 敌意 ◆ 友好

(记)anim=animals动物+us我们 联想:动物与我们之间存在着深深的敌意。 annals n. 纪年表,年鉴,年报(a record of events arranged in yearly sequence)

(类)dictionary?alphabetical=annals?chronological

字典?依字母顺序的=年鉴?按年代顺序的(事物及其编排方式)

(记)ann(年,一年)参考:annual 每年的,一年一次的

annexation n.合并

annihilate vt. 消灭, 歼灭(to destroy completely)

(记)nihil (无)参考:nihil无,虚无 nihilism虚无主义nil没有,零 annul v. 宣告无效,取消(to declare or make legally invalid or void) (反)annul ◆ make legal 宣告无效 ◆ 使合法

annul ◆ reaffirm 宣告无效 ◆ 重新确认

(记)an+nul(=null零)→取消 参考:nullify取消

antagonize vt. 使成敌人,敌对,反对(to incur or provoke the hostility of)

(类)cowardice?intimidate=choler?antagonize 懦弱?胁迫=愤怒?敌对(容易被)

(反)antagonize ◆ placate/ mollify/ propitiate 引起敌意 ◆ 抚慰,消除敌意

synergic ◆ antagonistic 协作的,合作的 ◆ 敌对的

(记)ant(反)+agon(打斗,比赛) 联想:对抗

antedate vt. 将时间提前;先于,前于

(例)That event antedated World WarⅡ. 那事件发生在第二次世界大战之前。 The cold weather antedated their departure. 寒冷的天气使他们提前离开。 antediluvian adj. 上古的, 史前的(antiquated;ancient)

(类)antediluvian?age=colossal?size 古老的?年代=巨大的?尺寸

(记)ante(前面)+diluv(洪水)→洪水来临之前→上古(大禹后来开始治水)

antenna n. 天线,触角

anterior adj. 前面的, 在前的(coming before in time or development) (反)anterior ◆ ensuing 前面的 ◆ 后来的

(同)antecedent n. 先辈;先例 adj.先行的 former,precedent, previous, prior

Anthology n. 诗集,文选(a collection of selected literary works of art) (类)compendium?summary=anthology?collection 概略?概要=文选?文集(同义)

(记)antho-(前缀:花)+ log(=leg 采摘,聚集)→花的集合→文选 参考:anthomania 花痴 legion 军团,众多,大批

antic adj 古怪的, 滑稽可笑的(characterized by clownish absurdity) (类)facetious?speech=antic?behavior 爱开玩笑的?谈话=滑稽的?行为(修饰关系)

(同)fantastic,bizarre,grotesque

(记)ant+ic 联想:蚂蚁也用ic卡 →可笑

anticlimax n. 急转而下;虎头蛇尾

(记)anti(反)+climax(高潮)→反高潮→急转直下的变化,虎头蛇尾的结局

antiquated adj.陈旧的,过时的

(记)源自antique古董

antithesis n.对立面

(例)Hope is the antithesis of despair. 希望是绝望的对立面

apathy n. 漠然,冷淡(lack of feeling or emotion)

(类)ennui?enthusiastic=fervor?apathetic 倦怠?热心的=热情?缺乏感情的

(反)vehement ◆ apathetic 激烈的 ◆ 缺乏感情的

(记)a+pathy →无感情的→冷淡

aphorism n. 格言(pithy maxim)

(类)brevity?aphorism=distortion?caricature 简短?格言=曲解?漫画(正面特征)

euphemism?offensive=aphorism?diffusive 委婉语?令人不快的=格言?冗长的(反面特征)

pithiness?aphorism=exaggeration?caricature 简洁?警语=夸张?漫画(正面特征)

(同)maxim, apothegm, axiom, gnome 注意:格言与谚语的不同

aplomb n. 沉着自信, 泰然自若(self-confident assurance; poise) (记)来自plumb 铅锤探测,垂直;铅锤给人一种沉稳的感觉。

apocalyptic adj. 启示的,预言的 (prophetic)

(类)apocalyptic?prophetic=inconsequential?illogical

启示录的?预言的=不符合逻辑的?不符合逻辑的 (同义)

(反)apocalyptic ◆ inconsequential 天启的 ◆ 不重要的

apocryphal n. 虚假的(untrue;made up)

(反)apocryphal ◆ authentic 假冒的 ◆ 可信的

(记)apo-远离+ cry(哭)+phal →远远地哭→虚情假意的→虚假的 apophasis n. 表面上否认实际要说的话

例如:I will not bring up my opponent's questionable financial dealings. 我不想提我的对手令人怀疑的财政问题。(表面不想提,实际就是要说的话)

(类)apophasis?claim=oxymoron?paradox

婉转表述?表述=矛盾修饰法?矛盾(事物与其相关对象)

【注:oxymoron :a combination of contradictory words 例如:cruel kindness 残酷的温柔】

(记)apo-远离+phasis(= say说)→远远的绕圈子说话 参考:phrase 短语

apoplectic adj. 易怒的,狂怒的(greatly agitated)

(类)apoplectic?angry=emaciated?thin 狂怒的?发怒=消瘦的?瘦(褒贬) apoplectic?calmness=callow?mature 狂怒的?平静的=幼稚?成熟(反义) (反)apoplectic ◆ calm 易怒的 ◆ 冷静的

apostasy n. 背教,变节,脱党(renunciation of a religious faith) (类)apostasy?faith=recantation?heresy 变节不再忠实=放弃(异端)论调不再异端

(反)apostasy ◆ fidelity 变节 ◆ 忠诚

(记)apo- 远 sta=state (国家) 联想:远离国家→背叛

apothecary n. 药剂师(one who prepares and sells drugs)

(类)apothecary?medicine=butcher?meat 药剂师配药出售=屠夫屠宰肉食出售

apotheosis n.尊为神, 神化(deification);典范,典型(an exalted example)

(记)theo神 参考:theology 神学

appall vt. 使胆寒,使惊骇(to overcome with consternation) (反)embolden使大胆 nerve 鼓起勇气 encourage激励

(记)ap+pal=pale(苍白)→脸色变白→胆寒 参考:appalling令人震惊的

apparel v. 装饰n.服装(clothing, especially outer garments; attire) (类)gaudy?apparel=grandiloquent?speak 俗丽的?装饰=浮夸的?说话 tonsorial?hair=sartorial?apparel 理发师的?头发=裁缝匠的?服装

(记)ap+parel(=prepare准备)联想:准备好盛装去参加舞会。参考:apparatus设备,仪器

apparition n. 鬼怪,幽灵(a ghostly figure)(特异景象的)显现 (同)specter幽灵;wraith 幽灵 需掌握

(记)字头记忆法:三个幽灵的开头字母合起来是was

appeal vi. 请求, 呼吁, 上诉(to make an earnest request)

(类)remonstrator?dissuade=applicant?appeal 提出异议的人?劝阻=申请者?请求 (正面特征)

(记)ap+peal(=pull拉)→拉过去→吸引;

appeal to v. 求助于,诉诸于appeal to arms诉诸于武力

appealing adj. 引起兴趣的,动人的(having appeal?PLEASING ) (反)noisome ◆ appealing&n

compound v.混和 adj.复合的

(类)soldier?army=element?compound 士兵?军队=元素?混合物(前者组成后者)

(反)compound ◆ separate 混和 ◆ 分开

compound ◆ elemental 复合的 ◆ 基础的

compress vt. 压缩(to reduce in size or volume as if by squeezing) (类)constrict?diameter=compress?size 收缩?直径 = 压缩 ?尺寸(减少关系)

(反)increase in volume 数量增加 distention 膨胀

compromise n. 妥协,折衷(to come to agreement by mutual concession) (类)mediation?compromise=prosecution?conviction 调停?折衷=起诉?定罪(目的关系)

implacable?compromise=honest?swindle 不缓和的?妥协=诚实的?诈骗 (反)intransigent ◆ open to compromise 顽固的 ◆ 乐于妥协 polemical ◆ compromising 好争论的 ◆ 妥协的

temporize ◆ unwilling to compromise 见风使舵 ◆ 不愿意妥协 (记)com(互相)+promise(承诺)→互相承诺→妥协

compulsive adj. 强迫症的,被强迫的,压抑不住的

compulsory adj. 必需做的, 必修的, 被强迫的

compunction n. 后悔(anxiety arising from awareness of guilt) (反)compunction ◆ absence of misgiving 后悔 ◆ 没有疑虑 (记)com+punc(刺)→不断被刺痛→后悔

concatenate v. 连结(to link together in a series or chain;articulate) (反)concatenate ◆ separate 连结 ◆ 分开

concave adj. 凹的(hollowed or rounded inward like the inside of a bowl)v. 凹陷

(记)cave n. 洞穴

SCOOP: CONCAVE 勺:凹的

tongs: hollow

spatula: flat

beater: tined

cleaver: indented

skewer: rounded

钳子:空的

抹刀:平的

搅拌器:尖齿状的

切肉刀:锯齿状的

串肉杆:圆的

答案:(B)

conceal v. 隐藏(to prevent disclosure or recognition of) (反)unearth ◆ conceal 挖出 ◆ 隐藏

(同)hide,bury, cache, cover

concede v. 承认(to grant as a right or privilege),让步 (反)concede ◆ refuse to grant 承认 ◆ 拒绝承认

concession ◆ aggress 让步 ◆ 侵犯

(同)admit, acknowledge, avow, confess, grant

concentrate v. 集中(focus),浓缩(to make less dilute) (反)concentrate ◆ dilute solution 浓缩 ◆ 稀释溶液

deploy ◆ concentrate 展开 ◆ 集中

(记)con(共同)+centra(中心)→一起到中心来→集中

concession n.让步

conciliate v. 安抚,调和(to overcome the distrust or animosity of;

appease)

(类)sop?conciliatory=subsidy?supportive 安抚物?安抚的=补助金?支援性的

(反)conciliate安抚 ◆ vex 使恼怒 nettle 激怒 rile 激怒 discontent ◆ conciliate 不满 ◆ 调和

contentious ◆ conciliatory 好争吵的 ◆ 调和的

belligerent ◆ conciliatory 好战的 ◆ 调和的

(同)appease, assuage, mollify, placate, propitiate

concor n.一致,和睦 (a state of agreement;harmony)

(类)inconsonant?concord=scatter?overlap 不一致的?一致=分散?重叠(反义)

(反)dissension纠纷 dissonance不一致 schism分裂 enmity敌意 rancor怨恨

(记)con+cord(绑在一起)→一致

concur vi. 意见相同,一致(to act together to a common end or single effect)

(反)naysay 反对 dissent 不同意

(同)coincide, concert, concur, harmonize

condign adj. 应得的,恰当的(deserved, appropriate)

(反)condign ◆ undeserved/unmerited 应得的 ◆ 不应得的/ 不配的 (同)just, appropriate, deserved, merited, requisite

(记)con(加强)+dign(= dignity尊严,高贵)→做事情非常有尊严的→恰当的

condole vi. 表达同情或悲伤(to express sympathetic sorrow)

(类)condolence?sympathy/compassion=gibe?derision 表示同情?同情=嘲笑?嘲笑

(记)con(一样)+dole(悲哀)→一样悲哀→表达同情 参考:doleful / dolesome悲哀的

区别:condole 不及物:表达慰问之情 I condoled with him in his loss. 我对他的损失表示同情

console 及物:安慰,慰问某人console a friend in grief 安慰一个正处悲伤的朋友

condone vt. 宽恕(to pardon or overlook voluntarily)

(类)bristle?anger=vacillate?unresolution 发怒?愤怒=忧郁不定?不坚决(动名同义)

干扰:(condone?mercy)(condemn?warning)

(反)denounce 谴责exact 强求

(同)excuse, pardon, forgive

conducive adj. 有益的,有促进的(tending to promote or assist) (类)conducive?foment=tonic?invigorate 促进的?促进=激励的?鼓舞(形动同义)

【注】foment :to promote the growth of; incite. 促进?的发展;激励 confident adj. 有信心的,自信的(self-reliant)

(类)confident?timid=open?shy 有信心的?胆小的=外向的?害羞的 (反义)

confidence?arrogant=inquiry?interrogatory 自信?傲慢的=询问?质问的 (褒贬)

(记)con(加强)+fide(相信)→完全相信→有信心

参考:perfidious背信弃义的;confidentiality n. 秘密,机密;信任 confine vt. 禁闭 (something that restrains)

(类)loose?confinement=disabuse?misconception 解放解除禁闭=使省悟消除错误观念

(记)con+fine(限制)→禁闭 finite有限的

(同)limit, ircumscribe,delimitate, prelimit, restrict confiscate

confluence n.汇合(a coming or flowing together, meeting, or gathering at one point)

(类)confluence?streams=junction?roads 汇合?溪流=交叉?道路(事物及其相关对象)

(反)confluence ◆ divergence 汇合 ◆ 分歧

(记)con(共同)+flu(流)→流到一起→汇合

(同)concourse, concursion, gathering, junction

confront vt. 使面对,对抗 (to face especially in challenge;oppose) (类)craven?confront=honest?deceive 怯懦的?对抗=诚实的?欺骗(反面特征)

(反)circumvent ◆ confront 包围 ◆ 正面对抗

(记)con+front(面对)→对抗

(同)affront, encounter, face, meet

confound v. 混淆(to fail to discern differences between) (反)confound ◆ discriminate between 混淆 ◆ 区分

(例)confound fiction and fact. 把事实与假设混为一谈

congenial adj. 温和的(sociable,genial)

(反)dour ◆ congenial/genial 严厉的 ◆ 温和的

congruent adj.和谐一致的,全等的(being in agreement, harmony, or correspondence)

(类)congruent?dimension=coeval?age 全等的?尺寸=同时代的?时代(前者修饰后者)

incongruent?conform=recalcitrant?obey 不协调的难以使一致=反抗的难以服从

clandestine?secrecy=harmony?congruity 秘密的?秘密=一致的?一致 (同义)

(反)variance ◆ congruity 不一致 ◆ 一致

congruent ◆ disagreeable 和谐一致的 ◆ 不合意的

(同)harmonious , corresponding

conjecture n./ v.推测,猜测(inference from defective or presumptive evidence)

(反)conjecture ◆ restrain from the speculation 推测 ◆ 不准猜测 conjecture ◆ fact 猜测 ◆ 事实

(记)con+ject(推,抛)→全部推测 参考:project设计,方案,作业;发射

(同)guess, presume, pretend, suppose, surmise, think

connive vi. 暗中合作, 密谋(to cooperate secretly or have a secret understanding)

(类)connive?cooperate=pry?watch 暗中合作?合作=窥探?注视(秘密与正常)

uncouth?churl=conspiratorial?conniver 粗俗的?粗野的人=阴谋的?阴谋家(正面特征)

(同)plot, cogitate, collude, conspire, machinate,

connoisseur n. 鉴赏家 (expert who is competent to act as a critical judge)

(类)connoisseur?art=gourmet?cuisine

鉴识家?艺术=美食家?烹饪(人及其鉴赏对象)

selflessness?altruist=expertise?connoisseur

无私?利他主义者=专门技术?鉴赏家(正面特征)

【注】expertise :skill or knowledge in a particular area

(同)aesthete, cognoscente, dilettante

conquest n. 征服(the act or process of conquering)

(类)inexorable?dissuasion=indomitable?conquest 不为所动的无法劝阻=不屈服的无法征服

【注】inexorable :not capable of being persuaded by entreaty

conscientious adj. 本着良心的;负责的,谨慎的(thorough and assiduous) (反)conscientious ◆ careless 负责的 ◆ 粗心的

conscientious ◆ remiss 负责的 ◆ 疏忽的

(同)honorable, just, right, scrupulous, true

(例)a conscientious decision to speak out about injustice. 本着良心决定说出不义之事

conscript n. 被强迫征招入伍的士兵 vt. 征募

consensus n. 一致,团结(group solidarity in sentiment and belief) (类) (干扰:lesson?falsehood 教训?谎言)

consensus?factionalism=clarity?confusion 团结?党派之争=清晰?混乱 (反义)

expedition?foot dragging=consensus?factionalism 迅速?缓慢=团结?党派之争(反义)

schism?consensus=interruption?continuity 分裂的没有一致意见=中断的不具有连续性

(记)con+sens(感觉)→感觉一样→一致

consequence n. 结果,结局;重要性,价值(moment)

(类)dilettante?commitment=nonentity?consequence

业余爱好者?致力=无足轻重者?重要性(缺乏)

conservative adj. 保守的 n.保守的人(tradiyional)

(类)contumacious?authority=reactionary?change 顽固的?权威=反动的?变化(事物反面特征)

bigoted?advice=conservative?change 固执己见的:忠告=保守的:变化(前者拒绝后者) hidebound?conservative=manic?excited 死板的?保守的=疯狂的?激动的(程度)

【注】peeved?annoyed 是干扰选项,这两个词是同义不是程度关系

(反)conserve ◆ exhaust 保存(能量) ◆ 耗尽

(同)orthodox, reactionary, tory, traditionalistic

conservatory n.温室,音乐学院(a school specializing in one of the fine arts)

(类)conservatory?music=seminary?theology=observatory?astronomy 音乐学院?音乐=神学院?神学=天文台?天文学 (场所及其研究学科)

conserve vt. 保存,保全 (to keep in a safe or sound state)

(反)conserve ◆ waste/squander/exhaust 保存 ◆ 浪费/ 挥霍/ 耗尽 (同)preserve , save ,maintain

considerable adj. 值得考虑的,重要的(worth consideration;significant)

(类)restive?calmness=piddling?considerable 不安静的?平静=琐屑的?重要的 (反义)

(反)consider ◆ table考虑 ◆ 搁置

(同)important,consequential,material,momentous

(记)区别:considerate考虑周到的 记法:considerable有able→有能力的当然是重要的

consign v. 委托,托管(to give over to the care of another; entrust) (例)to consign money in a bank在银行存款 to consign goods by rail 由铁路托运货物

console vt. 安慰,藉慰(to alleviate the grief, sense of loss, or trouble of)

(类)embarrass?shame=console?comfort 使困窘?使羞愧=藉慰?安慰(同义) disturb?serenity = console?grief扰乱?平静=安慰?悲伤(消除关系) alleviate?intensity=console?grief 减轻强度=安抚悲痛

(反)console ◆ aggravate grief 安慰 ◆ 加重伤心

(同)comfort, solace, upraise

consolidate vt. 使联合,统一,巩固 (to join together into one whole;unite)

(反)consolidation ◆ fragmentation 统一 ◆ 分裂

consolidate ◆ dissolve 使联合 ◆ 解散

(记)con+solid(结实)→统一,巩固

(同)compact, concentrate, integrate

consonance n. 一致,调和(harmony or agreement among components) (类)inconsonant?concord=scatter?overlap 不协调的?一致=分散的?重叠(反义)

(反)consonant ◆ dissonant调和 ◆ 不协调

consonant ◆ discrepant一致 ◆ 不一致的

inconsonant ◆ in agreement 不一致 ◆ 一致

(同)harmony, agreement, chime, concord, tune

conspicuous adj.显著的,显而易见的(obvious to the eye or mind) (类)conspicuous?see=transparent?understand 明显的容易被看到=显然的容易被了解

hermitage?secluded=landmark?conspicuous 隐居处?隐蔽的=路标?明显的 (反)blatant ◆ inconspicuous 明显的 ◆ 不明显的

nondescript ◆ conspicuous 莫可名状的 ◆ 显而易见的

salient ◆ unconspicuous 显著的 ◆ 不显著的

prominent ◆ inconspicuous 卓越的 ◆ 不显眼的

(记)con(都)+spic(看)→都看的到的→显著

(同)noticeable, arresting, prominent, remarkable, salient, striking conspiracy n. 共谋, 阴谋(treacherous plot)

(类)uncouth?churl=conspiratorial?conniver 粗俗的?粗野的人=阴谋的?阴谋家

infiltrate?enter=conspire?plan 秘密潜入?进入=阴谋?计划

spy?watch=conspire?cooperate 侦察?观看=阴谋?合作

(记)con+spire(呼吸)→共同呼吸→搞阴谋

(同)plot, cabal, intrigue, machination, scheme

consternation n. 惊愕,呆若木鸡(a state of paralyzing dismay) (记)来自stern严格的,僵硬的;呆若木鸡就是因为震惊而表情僵硬。

constitute vt. 构成,任命(to appoint to an office, function, or dignity)

(反)abdicate ◆ constitute 退位 ◆ 任命

(记)con(一起)+stitute(建立)→组成;constitution 宪法;体格,体质

(同)create, establish, institute, organize

constitutional a.素质上的,本质的;章程的,法规的

(例)a constitutional inability to tell the truth. 生来爱撒谎的毛病 constrained adj. 束缚的,节制的

(反)constrain ◆ release 束缚 ◆ 释放

intemperate ◆ constrained 不节制的 ◆ 节制的

(记)con+strain(拉紧)→束缚的

(同)reserved, noncommittal, restrained

constringe vt. 压缩(to cause to contract; constrict)

(反)commodious ◆ constringed 宽敞的 ◆ 压缩的

construct v. 建造(to make or form by combining or arranging parts or elements)

(类)construct?remodel=compose?edit 建造?改造=创作?修改(原创和修改)

(记)con+struct(建立)→建造

consummate adj. 完美的(complete in every detail; of the highest degree)

(反)consummate ◆ amateurish 完善的 ◆ 业余的,不专业的

(同)accomplished, finished, perfected, ripe, virtuosic

contagious adj. 传染性的,会传播的(communicable by contact;catching)

(类)sprain?injure=cold?contagion 扭伤?伤=感冒?传染病 (种属) (反)contagious ◆ incommunicable 会传播的 ◆ 不能传达的

(记)con(互相)+tag(接触)→互相接触→传染 参考:contact接触intact完整无缺的

(同) infectious, catching, communicable

contaminate vt. 染污(to soil, stain, corrupt, or infect by contact) (类)

(反)contaminate ◆ purify 污染 ◆ 净化

(同)defile, pollute, soil, taint

contemplate v. 沉思(meditate on or ponder)

(例)The surgeon contemplated the difficult operation.

外科医生为这一棘手的手术苦思冥想。

content adj. 满足的(manifesting satisfaction with one's possessions)

(类)disaffected?contentment=dubious?commitment/conviction 不满的?满足=可疑的?负责/确信

gripe?discontent=praise?admiration

抱怨?不满=赞美?钦佩 (动作及表示情感)

disaffected?contentment=anxious?serenity

不满意的?满意=担忧的?平静

(反)disaffected ◆ content 不满 ◆ 满足

restiveness ◆ contentment 难以驾御 ◆ 容易满足

contented ◆ avaricious 满足 ◆ 贪婪

(同)satisfied , pleased, contented, complacent

(记)比较:contend contentious contention attentive abstention contented tentative

contentious adj.好辩的,喜争吵的(exhibiting an often perverse tendency to quarrels)

(类)meddlesome?pry=contentious?argue 多管闲事的?探察=好争吵的?争吵 (反)contentious ◆ conciliatory 喜争吵的 ◆ 安抚的

contention ◆ agreement 争论 ◆ 同意

(记)con+tent(拉)→互相拉→争论

(同)belligerent, bellicose, combative, gladiatorial, militant, truculent

contiguous adj. 紧邻的,接壤的(being in actual contact) (类)contiguous?abut=simultaneous?coincide

紧邻的?毗邻=同时发生的?同时发生(形名同义)

【注】coincide :to happen at the same time or during the same period. 同时发生

contingent adj.可能发生的,依条件而定的,偶然的

(例)Arms sales are contingent on the approval of Congress. 武器销售取决于议会的批准

contort v. 扭弯,曲解(to twist into a strained shape or expression) (类)contortion?body=grimace?face 扭弯?身体=面部扭曲?脸部(行为及其相关部位)

(同)deform, distort, misshape, torture, warp

(记)参考:tortuous 蜿蜒的distort 歪曲torture 折磨

contract v. 收缩(to reduce to smaller size by squeezing or forcing together)

(类)contract?implode=descend?plummet 收缩?内爆=下降?快速下落(程度)

(记)con(互相)+tract(拉)→收缩

contravene v. 违反,反驳,反对(to oppose in argument:CONTRADICT) (反)contravene ◆ support 支持 buttress 支持

(记)contra(反)→vene(走)→反着走→违反 参考:convene召集,集合 (同)violate, break, infringe, offend, transgress

contrite adj. 后悔的,痛悔的(grieving and penitent for sin or shortcoming)

(类)apologize?contrite=compliment?impressed

道歉?后悔的=称赞?被打动的(动作表示感情)

(反)impenitent ◆ contrite 不悔悟的 ◆ 后悔的

(同)remorseful, apologetic, compunctious, penitent, regretful contrive v. 发明, 设计, 图谋(devise)

(派)contrivance n. 发明,发明的才能,想出的办法;contrived 人为的,做作的

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