小升初英语知识点复习总结(精)

小学英语语法汇总一

一、 可数名词与不可数名词的区别

普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的,这类名词叫可数名词。可数名词分为个体名词(表示某类人或事物中的个体,如worker, farmer, desk, factory等)和集体名词(表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物,如people, family 等)。如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的,这类名词就叫不可数名词。不可数名词分为物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质,如meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等)和抽象名词(表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念,如work, homework, time, health, friendship等)。

二、 可数名词的家务事

  可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事物时,用单数形式;指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下:

  1. 一般的名词词尾直接加-s 。如:

book → books room → rooms    house → houses day → days

  2. 以s, ss, ch, sh, x 结尾的名词,在词尾加-es 。如:

  bus → buses glass → glasses watch → watches dish → dishes box → boxes

  3. 以"辅音字母+y"结尾的名词,要先将y改为i再加-es。如:city → cities body → bodies

  4. 以f 或fe 结尾的名词,要将f或fe改为v再加-es。如:

  half → halves leaf → leaves knife → knives wife → wives

  5. 特例 [悄悄话:特例常常考,要记住。]

  ① child → children② man → men woman → women policeman → policemen(规律:man → men)

  ③ tomato → tomatoes potato → potatoes

  [悄悄话:英语以o 结尾的名词变复数时只有这两个词加-es,其余的当然加-s喽!如:photo → photos ]

  ④ foot → feet tooth → teeth[悄悄话: oo变成ee。]

  ⑤ sheep, Chinese, Japanese单、复数同形 [悄悄话: 变复数时词形不变。]

  ⑥ people单数形式表示复数意义,要求谓语动词用复数; people的复数形式peoples通常指"多个民族"。  

三、 不可数名词的家务事

1. 不可数名词没有复数,当它作句子的主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。如:The food is very fresh. 

  2. 有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词,有复数形式,但他们的意义往往发生变化。如:

  water (水) → waters (水域) orange (橘汁) → oranges (橘子)

  3. 很多的不可数名词表示泛指时为不可数,表示种类时就可数,但意义大多不发生变化。如:

  fruit → fruits food → foods fish → fishes hair → hairs

   用所给名词的适当形式填空。

  1. How many________(sheep) are there on the hill?

  2. There is some________(food) in the basket.

  3. The baby has only two________(tooth) now.

  4. There is a lot of________(water) in the bottle.

  5. There are five________(people ) in his family.

  6. Let's take________(photo), OK?

  7. I have lots of________(tomato) here.

  8. The________(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.

  9. The________(child) are playing games on the playground now.

  10. Their________(dictionary) look new.

  11. I see you have a few white________(hair).

  12. They are________(woman) doctors.

  13. Can you give me some bottles of ____ (orange), please?

  14. There are many________(fox) in the picture.

  15. I would like some apple________(juice). I am very thirsty.

  参考答案:

  1. sheep 2. food 3. teeth 4. water 5. people 6. photos 7. tomatoes 8. leaves 9. children 10. dictionaries 11. hair, hairs 12. women 13. orange 14. foxes 15. juice

名词可数不可数“六注意”

Mr Huang:别急!名词可数不可数需要注意六点,下面我就一一给你道来:

一、可数名词是可以用来计数的名词。可数名词有单数和复数形式。如:desk-desks, apple-apples等。不可数名词是不可以直接用来计数的名词。不可数名词没有复数形式,只有单数形式。如:some bread, a little milk等。

二、单数可数名词表示泛指时,前面要用不定冠词a(an),表示特指时,前面要用定冠词the; 而不可数名词前不能用a(an)修饰,表示特指时,前面一定要用定冠词the。如:

  He is a factory worker. 他是一名工人。No one can see air. 没有人能看见空气。

三、可数名词和不可数名词前都可以用some, any, a lot of, lots of 等来修饰,表示"一些,许多"。如:

There are some oranges on the desk.      There is a lot of water in the bottle.

四、可数名词前可用具体的数词来表示具体的数量。如:two apples, four books等。不可数名词前通常用"单位词+of"来表示数量。如: a piece of paper, three pieces of paper等。

五、可数名词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数与主语的单复数保持一致。如:This picture is very beautiful.   

  不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式,但是不可数名词前有复数"单位词"时,谓语动词要用复数形式。如:There are two cups of tea on the table. 桌上有两杯茶。

六、对可数名词前的修饰语提问用how many; 对不可数名词前的修饰语提问用how much。 如:

  How many apples are there in the box?盒子里有多少个苹果?

  How much tea is there in the cup?杯里有多少茶水?

  注意:对不可数名词前的"单位词"的修饰语提问时,疑问词用how many。 如:

  How many pieces of bread are there on the plate?盘子里有多少片面包?

行行色色”的名词所有格

在英语中,特别是表示有生命的名词,可以加's表示所属关系,名词的这种形式我们称之为名词的所有格。  

一、名词词尾加's的所有格

  1. 一般情况在名词后加's。例如:

  That girl's coat is in the room. 那个女孩的衣服在房间里。

  2. 在以s结尾的名词(包括以s结尾的复数名词)后面,只加 '。 如果复数名词不是以s结尾的,末尾也要加's。例如:Today is September 10th, Teachers' Day. 今天是九月十日,教师节。

  Children's Day is coming, I should buy something new for my son. 儿童节马上就要到了,我应该为我的儿子买一些新东西。

  3. 表示词组内的并列名词各自的所有关系时,须在各个名词后加's;如果一个东西为两个人或者两个以上的人共同拥有,只在最后一个名词后面加's。例如:They are John's and Kate's rooms. How beautiful they are!

                                          这是约翰和凯特的房间。它们(指房间)太漂亮了!

  He is Lily and Lucy's father. 他是莉莉和露西的爸爸。

  4. 表示某人的家、店铺等的所有格,一般可以省略它后面所修饰的名词。例如:

  My father and I will have dinner at the Johnson's (home ). 我爸爸和我将要去约翰逊的家吃晚饭。

  We will have our hair cut at the barber's(shop) tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我们要去理发店理发。

  5. 有些指时间、距离、国家、城镇等的名词,也可以加's构成所有格。例如:

  There is something important in today's newspaper. 今天的报纸上有一些重要的东西。

  It's about ten minutes' walk from school to our home every day. 每天从学校到我们家步行大约要十分钟。

  6. 英语名词所有格修饰的词,如果前面已经提到过,后面则可以省略,以防止重复。例如:

  This is not Dick's dictionary, but is Tom's. 这不是迪克的字典,但是是汤姆的。

二、由of短语构成的所有格

  1. 表示“无生命的名词”一般与of构成短语,表示所有关系。例如:

  There is a river on the other side of the road. 在公路的另一边有一条河。

  2. 有时我们用名词 + of +名词所有格构成双重所有格的形式。例如:

  This is a photo of Mr Brown's. 这是一张布朗先生的照片。

不用定冠词的八项纪律

今天,我们从八个方面来学习一下哪些时候不用定冠词“the”。

一、定冠词不与表示一类人或事物的复数名词连用。例如:

  1. I like reading the books.(×)  I like reading books.(√)

  2. She likes the cats.(×)  She likes cats.(√)

二、定冠词不能用在某些习惯用语中的名词前面。例如:

  1. I have lunch at the noon.(×)  I have lunch at noon.(√)

  2. We go to school by the bus.(×)  We go to school by bus.(√)

三、定冠词不能用在某些专用名词和不可数名词前面。例如:

  1. I like the China.(×)  I like China.(√)

  2. Would you like a cup of the water? (×) Would you like a cup of water?(√)

四、定冠词不能用在节日、日期、月份、季节前面。例如:

  1. Today is the Teachers’ Day. (×)  Today is Teachers’ Day.(√)

  2. He was born in the May in 1987. (×) He was born in May in 1987. (√)

五、定冠词不能用在表示称呼语或某些头衔的名词前面(尤其作表语、宾补时)。例如:

  1. Good morning, the sir!(×)

  Good morning, sir! (√)

  2. I need some help, the Mummy.(×)

  I need some help, Mummy.(√)

六、定冠词不能与名词前已有作定语用的this, that, my, your, some, any等代词连用。例如:

  1. This the pen is mine. (×)

  This pen is mine.(√)

  2. I have the some money. (×)

  I have some money. (√)

七、定冠词不能用在表示科目名词的前面。例如:

  1. We will learn the Chinese, the history and the Maths this afternoon. (×)

  We will learn Chinese, history and Maths this afternoon.(√)

  2. The English is the most interesting of all the subjects.(×)

  English is the most interesting of all the subjects.(√)

八、定冠词不能用在三餐和球类运动名词的前面。例如:

  1. She goes to school after the breakfast every morning.(×)

  She goes to school after breakfast every morning.(√)

  2. We often play the football after school. (×)

  We often play football after school. (√)

介词 for 的用法小结

1. 表示“当作、作为”。如:

  I like some bread and milk for breakfast. 我喜欢把面包和牛奶作为早餐。

  What will we have for supper? 我们晚餐吃什么?

2. 表示理由或原因,意为“因为、由于”。如:

  Thank you for helping me with my English. 谢谢你帮我学习英语。

  Thank you for your last letter. 谢谢你上次的来信。

  Thank you for teaching us so well. 感谢你如此尽心地教我们。

3. 表示动作的对象或接受者,意为“给……”、“对…… (而言)”。如:

  Let me pick it up for you. 让我为你捡起来。

  Watching TV too much is bad for your health. 看电视太多有害于你的健康。

4. 表示时间、距离,意为“计、达”。如:

  I usually do the running for an hour in the morning. 我早晨通常跑步一小时。

  We will stay there for two days. 我们将在那里逗留两天。

5. 表示去向、目的,意为“向、往、取、买”等。如:

  Let’s go for a walk. 我们出去散步吧。

  I came here for my schoolbag.我来这儿取书包。

  I paid twenty yuan for the dictionary. 我花了20元买这本词典。

6. 表示所属关系或用途,意为“为、适于……的”。如:

  It’s time for school. 到上学的时间了。

  Here is a letter for you. 这儿有你的一封信。

7. 表示“支持、赞成”。如:

  Are you for this plan or against it? 你是支持还是反对这个计划?

8. 用于一些固定搭配中。如:

  Who are you waiting for? 你在等谁?

  For example, Mr Green is a kind teacher. 比如,格林先生是一位心地善良的老师。

小学英语语法汇总二

并列连词“欢聚一堂”

主持人:各位来宾、各位观众、各位同学,大家好!并列连词"欢聚一堂"特别节目现在开始!(鼓掌)下面有请Mr. And。

  Mr. And:大家好!我是And,把英语句子翻译成汉语时大家经常看不见我的影子,可是在英语中却必不可少。我的任务是把两个或两个以上的有并列关系、动作先后关系或者是有条件和结果关系的句子连接起来。

  After lunch Aunt Huang came in and she looked worried. 午饭后黄阿姨进来了,她看起来很着急。(表示并列关系)

  Mary brushed her teech and she went to bed. 玛丽刷完牙,然后上床睡觉。(表示动作先后关系)

  Use your head, and you'll find a good way. 动动脑筋,你就会找到好的方法。(表示条件和结果)该句相当于If you use your head, you'll find a good way.

  "祈使句,+and + 一般将来时的句子"这是一个固定句型,表示"如果做到了祈使句表示的事情,就会有后面句子表示的结果。"如:

  Work hard, and you will pass the exam. 努力学习,你就会通过考试。

  主持人:谢谢Mr. And的精彩表演,下面有请Miss But。

  Miss But:Hello, everyone! 我是Miss But。我的工作是把两个意思相反或相对的句子连接起来。我的同事还有:yet (可是),while (而)等。大家请看:

  I heard a big noise and I looked out, but I didn't see anything. 我听到一声巨响,就往外看,但是我什么也没看见。

  I'm poor, but I always enjoy myself. 我很穷,但是我总是过得很开心。

  My elder brother likes playing basketball while I like playing football. 我哥哥喜欢打篮球,而我喜欢踢足球。

  主持人:谢谢Miss But!下面即将登场的将会是谁呢?瞧! 他来了!

  Mr. So:大家好! 我是Mr. So. "因此"、"所以"就是我的口头禅。我能迅速地把含有因果关系的两个简单句连接起来。下面请看我的才艺表演。

  This is our first lesson, so I don't know all your names. 这是我们的第一节课,因此并不是所有人的名字我都知道。

  I am rich, so I can buy myself lots of nice things. 我很富裕,所以我能给自己买很多好东西。

  我有一个好朋友Mr. For,他的性格与我很相似,他也喜欢寻根究底,只不过他注重原因,我注重结果。今天我把他带来了。大家想看看他的表演吗?好的,请Mr. For 来演一个节目。

  He shook his head, for he thought differently. 他摇头(表示否决),因为他有不同的见解。

  主持人:谢谢Mr. For 给我们的表演。下面请Miss Or 上台。

  Miss Or:Hi! 我是Miss Or,我是一个和蔼可亲的人,一般情况下我不会强迫某人去做某一件事情,我可以让他(她)自己做出选择。有时,我也会比较严厉,这时候我会用命令的语气说"做好某事,否则(要不然)就会……"。让我给大家献个"丑"吧!

  You may do it yourself, or you can ask someone to help you. 你可以自己做,你也可以请人来帮你。

  Work hard, or you can't pass the exam.(= If you don't work hard, you can't pass the exam.)努力学习,否则你就会考试不及格。

  "祈使句,+ or + 一般将来时的句子"是一个固定句型,表示"如果不做到祈使句表示的事情,就会有后面句子表示的结果。"

  主持人:谢谢Miss Or的表演。下面是"欢迎参与"这个环节,更精彩的节目还在后头。现在如果大家有什么问题可以上台来提问。

  观众A:主持人,请你给我们解释一下并列句的特点,好吗?

  主持人:你不是给我出难题吗?不过没问题,让我试试吧!并列句的特点是:并列句必须由两个或两个以上的主语、谓语结构组成,并且它们之间互不依从,通常它们之间由并列连词连接,去掉连词后它们都可以独立成句。如果你认真看了表演的话,应该不难发现这一点。

  观众B:如果一个主语有两个或两个以上的谓语动词;或者有两个或两个以上的主语,却只有一个谓语动词。这样的句子是并列句吗?这个问题我要Mr. So 来回答。

  Mr. So:你所说的这类句子,不是并列句。例如:

  He closed the window, put on his coat, opened the door and went out. 他关上窗户,穿上大衣,打开门出去了。

  Jim , Tom and I are in the same class. 我和吉姆、汤姆在同一个班。

  主持人:接下来让我们走进"有奖抢答"这一环节,请大家听好题!

  巩固练习:

1. Be careful, _________ you will fall off the tree.

  a. so b. or c. but d. and

2. Never give up, _________ you'll make it.

  a. and b. but c. or d. yet

3. Lucy and Lily are twins. Lucy likes playing basketball, _________ Lily doesn't.

  a. and b. as c. but d. or

4. Mr Brown knows little Japanese, _________ he can't understand the instructions(用法说明)on the bottle of the pills.

  a. so b. or c. but d. for

5. My uncle doesn't have much money, _________ he always enjoys himself.

  a. but b. so c. and d. or

with 用法全屏显示

with 是介词,但其意义颇多,一时难掌握。为帮助大家理清头绪,请允许我以教材中的句子为例,进行分类,并配以简单的解释,为同学作一个全屏显示。你们可要看好哟!

1. 带着,牵着…… (表动作特征)。如:

  Run with the kite like this.

2. 附加、附带着……(表事物特征)。如:

  A glass of apple juice, two glasses of coke, two hamburgers with potato chips, rice and fish.

3. 和…… (某人)一起。

  a. 跟某人一起(居住、吃、喝、玩、交谈……) 。如:

  Now I am in China with my parents.

  Sometimes we go out to eat with our friends.

  He / She's talking with a friend.

  b. 跟go, come 连用,有 "加入"到某方的意思。如:

  Do you want to come with me?

  4. 和play一起构成短语动词play

  with 意为"玩耍……,玩弄……" 如:

  Two boys are playing with their yo-yos.

  5. 与help 一起构成 help...with...句式,意为"帮助 (某人) 做 (某事)"。如:

  On Monday and Wednesday, he helps his friends with their English.

  6. 表示面部神情,有"含着……,带着……" 如:

  "I'm late for school," said Sun Yang, with tears in his eyes.

  7. 表示 "用……" 如:

  You play it with your feet.

  What do the farmers do with your machines?

  8. 表示 "对……, 关于……"。如:

  What's wrong with it?

  There's something wrong with my computer.

一般现在时自述

Hello, boys and girls.我是一般现在时,你们想知道我的故事吗?Let me tell you!首先,介绍我的本领。我的本领有三样:1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。

  第二,请看我的面目--构成:

  1. be动词:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如:

   I am a boy.我是一个男孩。

  2.行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如:

  We study English.我们学习英语。

  当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。

  第三,我的变化--否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句:

  1. be动词的变化。

  否定句:主语+ be + not +其它。

  如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。

  一般疑问句:Be +主语+其它。

  如:-Are you a student?

    -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.

  特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:Where is my bike?

  2.行为动词的变化。

  否定句:主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。如:

  I don't like bread.

  当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesn't构成否定句。如:

  He doesn't often play.

  一般疑问句:Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如:

  - Do you often play football?

  - Yes, I do. / No, I don't.

  当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句。如:

  - Does she go to work by bike?

  - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.

  特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:How does your father go to work?

  小朋友们,下次见到我时,千万不要忘记我是"一般现在时"啊!See you next time!

小学英语语法汇总三

揭开“第三人称单数”的秘密

善问大王: Good afternoon , Mr Huang. 学完一般现在时之后,我对哪些主语属于第三人称单数还不太清楚,请您给我讲一讲好吗?

  Mr Huang: 你可真是一个勤学好问的好学生!哪些主语是第三人称单数这可是个小秘密呢!

  善问大王:Mr Huang?请您快给我讲一讲吧!

  Mr Huang: 别急!下面听我一一给你道来:

一、第三人称代词 he, she, it 作主语时。例如:

  She is very good at English. 她英语学得好。

  He studies in a middle school. 他在一所中学学习。

二、单独使用的人名、地名或称呼语作主语时。例如:

  Jim often plays football with his friends.吉姆经常和他的朋友们踢足球。

  Does Uncle Wang like making things? 王叔叔喜欢做东西吗?

三、不可数名词作主语时。例如:

  Is there any juice in the bottle? 瓶里有果汁吗?

四、单数可数名词作主语时。例如:

  The box is in your room. 箱子在你的房间里。

  What is that girl doing over there? 那女孩在那边干什么?

五、单个数字、算式或单个字母作主语时。例如:

  Three plus nine is twelve. 三加九等于十二。

  "I" is an English letter. "I" 是个英语字母。

六、指示代词this, that等作主语时。例如:

  This is her red pen. 这是她的红钢笔。

七、代词one作主语时。例如:

  One of them is watching TV. 他们中的一个人正在看电视。

八、不定代词something, anything, nothing 等作主语时。例如:

  There's something wrong with the computer. 这台电脑坏了。

  善问大王:第三人称单数的主语有这么多啊!这下我可全知道了!Thank you very much. Mr Huang!

  Mr Huang: That's all right.

  善问大王:Goodbye!

  Mr Huang: Bye-bye!

一般过去时”登台亮相

I.一般过去时的概念

  一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如:last year, yesterday等; 也可表示过去经常反复发生的动作,常和often, always等频率副词连用。

  例如:①I saw him in the street yesterday. 昨天我在街上看见他了。

  ②Li Mei always went to school on foot last year. 去年李梅总是步行上学。

II. 一般过去时的构成

  我们主要来学习谓语动词为实义动词的一般过去时的构成。

  动词过去式的构成:

  (1)规则动词过去式的构成有四条规则:

  ①一般在动词原形末尾直接加上-ed。如:look-looked。

  ②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去e再加-ed。如:live-lived。

  ③末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed。如:stop-stopped。

  ④末尾是辅音字母+y结尾的动词,先变y为i,然后再加-ed。如:study-studied。

  (2)不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。如:am(is)-was, are-were, go-went, come-came, take-took, have (has)-had等。

III. 一般过去时的几种句型

  肯定句结构为:主语+动词的过去式+其它。如:He went to the toy store yesterday. 他昨天去玩具店了。

  否定句结构为:主语+did not (didn't)+动词原形+其它。如:He didn't go to the toy store yesterday. 他昨天没去玩具店。

  一般过去时的一般疑问句的构成:Did+主语+动词原形+其它?如:

  1) -Did you go to Beijing last week?

  -Yes, we did. (No, we didn't.)

  2) -Did you meet the businessman before?

  -No, I didn't. (Yes, I did.)

  一般过去时的特殊疑问句的构成:疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它?如:

  1) -What did you do last night?

  -I did my homework.

  2) -Where did you go last week?

  -I went to Shanghai with my parents.

  一般过去时口诀

  一般过去时并不难,表示过去动作、状态记心间。

  动词要用过去式,时间状语句末站。

  否定句很简单,didn't 站在动词原形前,其它部分不要变。

  一般疑问句也好变,did放在句子前,主语、动词原形、其它部分依次站。

  特殊疑问句也简单,疑问词加一般疑问句记心间。

  最后一条请注意,动词过去式要牢记。

一般将来时小精灵

Hi,大家好!今天向你们介绍一位爱展望未来的小精灵be going to。他呀,出生在"一般将来时"家族里。表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态。

  看"be going to"长得多魁梧呀,他由三个词组成。这三个词分开来都有自己的意思。但组合在一起,只表示"打算,将要"。其中"be"妈妈会根据主语的人称变化派出孩子们"is,am,are"来完成任务。"to"是"不定式符号"。它有一个脾气,跟在它后面的动词必须是动词原形.

首先,我向你们展示我的几种句型。  

一、陈述句(肯定句)

在肯定句中,小精灵的模样是:主语+be(am / is / are) + going to +动词原形+其它。如:

1、I am going to work hard this term.我打算这学期努力学习。

2、He is going to buy a new CD after school.我放学后要去买张新CD。

3、They are going to visit their teacher tommrow.他们明天要去看望他们的老师。

在否定句要在be的后面加not.不信你来瞧:

1、I am not going to play football after school.我不打算踢足球。

2、She is not going to watch TV this afternool.今天下午她不打算看电视。

3、We are not going to the cinema at night.我们今晚不看电影。

二、一般疑问句

这时候,小精灵模样是:Be(am is are)+主语+going to+动词原形+其它,如:

1、 Are you going to read books tonight? -Yes, I am. -No, I am not.

2、Is he going to buy a comic book this morning?-Yes, he is.-No, he is not.

三、特殊疑问句

疑问词+be(am is are)+主语+ going to+动词原形+其它,如:

1、What is she going to do this evening?

She is going to visit her grandparents.

2、What are they going to do tomorrow?

They are going to play football.

其次,和他出现的朋友还有以下特征:this morning, this afternoon, this evening, at night, tomorrow, this weekend, next week,soon等表示将来时间的词语。

还有,我有时会偷懒的,如表示你将要去哪儿的句子时:

I am going to the park this morning.

Where are you going this weekend?

现在进行时自述

Hello, boys and girls. Nice to see you again. "我"是现在进行时,用来表示正在进行或发生的动作。"我"的结构是:be (am, is, are)+动词现在分词形式。

  首先,"我"向你们展示"我"的几种句型:

一、陈述句(肯定句)

  主语+be (am, is, are)+现在分词,如:

  I am reading English.我正在读英语。

  He is writing.他正在写字。

  You are running.你正在跑步。

二、一般疑问句

  Be(Am, Is, Are)+主语+现在分词, 如:

  1. -Are you singing?你正在唱歌吗?

  -Yes, I am.是的,我在唱歌。

  (No, I'm not.不,我不在唱歌。)

  2. -Is he (she) listening to music?他(她)在听音乐吗?

  -Yes, he (she) is.是的,他(她)在听音乐。

  [No, he (she) isn't.不,他(她)不在听音乐。]

三、特殊疑问句

  疑问词+be (am, is, are)+主语+现在分词,如:

  1. -What are you doing?你正在干什么?

  -I am doing my homework.我正在做作业。

  2. -What is he (she) doing?他(她)正在干什么?

  -He (She) is riding a bike.他(她)正在骑自行车。

  其次,"我"向你们介绍"我"的三位好伙伴: look(看)、listen(听)、now(现在),它们和"我"经常出现在句子中。请看:

  Look! Jack is swimming.看!杰克正在游泳。

  Listen! She is singing.听!她正在唱歌。

  I am cleaning my room now.现在我正在打扫房间。

  听了"我"的自述后,小朋友们,你们一定更加了解"我"了吧。

  最后,请你们用"我"翻译下面的句子。

  1. 看!我弟弟正在游泳。

  2. 听!我妹妹正在唱歌。

  3. 我妈妈现在正在做饭。

  4. 他正在放风筝吗?是的,他正在放风筝。

  5. 你在干什么?我正在写字。 

陈述句的故事

Hello, boys and girls!大家都知道,陈述句家族的职责是用来叙述一个事实。其特点是句末用句号".",朗读时通常用降调"↘"。

  陈述句家族中有"两兄弟":老大是肯定句,老二是否定句。

  老大肯定句,对人对事都持有肯定的态度,常说的三句话是:

  1.I am Tom .我是汤姆。[系动词be型]

  2.I have an apple.我有一个苹果。[have/has(有)动词型]

3.I like playing football.我喜欢踢足球。[实义动词型]

4.I can cook the meals.我会做菜。[情态动词型]

  老二否定句,对人对事总是持有否定的态度,和大哥肯定句唱反调。老二常把大哥的话加上"不"字,不信,请听:

  1.I am not Tom.我不是汤姆。

  2.I have not an apple.我没有苹果。

3.I don't like playing football.我不喜欢踢足球。

4.I can’t cook the meals.我不会做菜.

小朋友们,现在你们对这"两兄弟"有所了解了吧!但是关于这"两兄弟"的学问还有许多,在今后的学习中,你们与它们还会见面,所以在平时的学习中要多留意哟。

练习改错:

1、I’m is a student.

2、He is go to school at 7:00.

3、I can playing football.

一般疑问句

1. 概念

  能用yes / no(或相当于yes / no)回答的问句叫一般疑问句。

2. 含系动词be的一般疑问句的构成

  具体地说,就是当陈述句中有am /is / are时,可直接将它们提至主语前,但如遇第一人称,最好将其置换成第二人称。如:

  I'm in Class 2, Grade 1. →Are you in Class 2, Grade 1? 你是在一年级二班吗?

3. 含情态动词的一般疑问句的构成

  一般疑问句面前人人平等:情态动词与am / is / are一样,也可直接将它们提至主语前,所以问题迎刃而解了。如:

  I can spell it. →Can you spell it? 你会拼写它吗?

4. 含实义动词的一般疑问句的构成

  含实义动词的一般疑问句的构成稍微有点讲究,要在句首加do;如逢主语为第三人称单数,谓语动词为一般现在时单数第三人称形式"v-(e)s"时,奉does为座上宾并要变回原形(如has→have,likes→like等);有时陈述句中的some还要变作any等。如:

  She lives in Beijing. →Does she live in Beijing? 她住在北京吗?

  I like English. →Do you like English? 你喜欢英语吗?

  There are some books on my desk.→Are there any books on your desk?

5. 少数口语化的一般疑问句

  如问一个与前文相同的问句时,可省略成"And you?"或"What / How about...?"等;甚至只抓关键词,读作升调。如:Your pen? 你的钢笔?

6. 小插曲:一般疑问句的语调

  大部分的一般疑问句都应读作升调(↗),并落在最后一个单词身上。如:Is it a Chinese car↗?

7. 一般疑问句的应答

  用yes / no(或相当于yes / no的词)回答,并怎么问怎么答(句首为情态动词am / is / are还是do /does),简略回答时要注意缩写(否定的n't)和采用相应的人称代词以避免重复:即"Yes,主语(代词)+情态动词或am / is / are或do / does."表示肯定;"No,主语(代词)+情态动词或am / is / are或者do / does not(n't)."表示否定。如:

  ① -Is Mary a Japanese girl? 玛丽是日本女孩吗?

  -Yes, she is. / No, she isn't. 是的,她是。/不,她不是。

  ② -Can Lily speak Chinese? 莉莉会说中国话吗?

  -No, she can't. / Sorry, I don't know. 不,她不会。/对不起,我不知道。

  ③ -Do you like English? 你喜欢英语吗?

  -Yes, very much. 是的,非常喜欢。

小学英语语法汇总四

how 疑问句一家子的“实话实说”

【王小元】各位观众,大家好!我是英语栏目的主持人王小元。今天,我非常荣幸地请到了how疑问句一家子。有请几位上台!

  (how携how much, how often 等上台。)

【王小元】how先生,请您给大家做一下自我介绍好吗?

  【how】I am too excited to say a word.

【王小元】how先生,别激动。Take it easy.

  【how】各位观众,大家好!我叫how, 我主要用来引导特殊疑问句,可以询问身体健康。如:

  How is your mother today? 你妈妈今天身体好吗?

  我还可以询问交通方式。如:

  How does Li Lei usually go to school? 李雷通常怎样去学校?

  另外我也可以询问天气。如:

  How is the weather today? 今天天气怎么样?

  That's all. Thank you.

【王小元】感谢how先生所做的精彩介绍。大家知道,how后面跟不同的形容词或副词,同样可以引导含义不同的特殊疑问句,如how old, how long, how often 等。下面就请各位踊跃发言。

【how old】我主要用来询问年龄。如:

  How old is Mr Wang? 王先生多大年龄?

  当然,我也可以用来询问建筑物的年头、历史等。如:

  How old is this bridge? 这座桥有多少年的历史了?

【how long】我多用来询问长度。如:

  How long is the Yellow River? 黄河有多长?

【how often】how long, 你怎么不实说实话呢?你忘了你还能询问时间长短呢!如:

  How long does it take you to go to work by bike every day? 你每天骑自行车上班花多长时间?

【how long】您瞧我这记性。Mr Wang, I am sorry.

  【王小元】That's all right. how often先生,请你介绍一下自己好吗?

【how often】我没多大本领,主要用来对动作发生的频率进行提问。如:

  How often do you go to see your grandma? 你多长时间去看你的奶奶?

【how many】我主要对可数名词的数量进行提问。如:

  How many people are there in your family? 你家里有几口人?

【how much】你也就只能提问可数名词的数量吧,问不可数名词的量,可就得看我的了。如:

  How much water is there in the bottle? 瓶子里有多少水?

【王小元】非常感谢how一家子来我们演播室,并做了精彩的自我介绍,同时感谢各位观众的积极参与。谢谢大家,下次节目再见!

选择疑问句大显神通

 Hi,大家好,现在是轮到我选择疑问句"大显神通"的时候了.我能选择很多东西,羡慕吧!想了解我多一些吗?那就关注我吧!

  我选择疑问句是向对方提问两种或两种以上的情况,要求对方选择一种回答的问句。讲话时供选择的项目除最后一个用降调结尾外,其余的项目要用升调。

一、一般疑问句的选择疑问句

  1. 供选择的两个项目连在一起。如:

Is your brother tall or short? 你的弟弟高还是矮? 、

He is tall.

  2. 第二个选项放在句末。如:

Will you plant trees or watch TV this morning? 今天上午你植树还是看电视?

I will plant trees.

二、特殊疑问句的选择疑问句

  1. 特殊疑问句在前,选择内容在后。如:

Which do you like best, dogs, cats or monkeys? 你最喜欢哪一个,狗、猫还是猴子?

I like dogs best.

  2. 选择内容在前,特殊疑问句在后。如:

Is it coffee, or tea or what? 这是咖啡,是茶,还是什么?

It is juice.

  3. 在两个选择项目中,说话人不想指明第二个选择内容,讲话时可用or something代替,让听话人自己讲出正确答案。如:

How much is thirteen plus eight? Well, is it twenty or something? 十三加八是多少?是二十还是什么?

It is twenty-one

感叹句工厂

Hello, boys and girls. I'm Mr Huang. Nice to see you n. 我向你们推荐我厂W车间生产的"产品"。

W车间生产的"产品"是由What引导的感叹句。其结构为:What+a(an)+形容词+名词+(主语+谓语)可,如:

What an interesting story it is !多有趣的故事啊!

What a lovely day it is!多好的天气啊!

What interesting books they are!多有趣的书啊!

What bad weather it is!多坏的天气啊!

What a beautiful girl!多漂亮的女孩啊!

在口语中,这类感叹句有时常省略主语和谓语,如:

What a big fish!多大的一条语啊

What a pretty girl!多秀丽的女孩啊!

What a beautiful bird!多么漂亮的一只鸟啊!

Hello, boys and girls. I'm Mr Huang. Nice to see you again. 上面我向你们推荐了我厂A车间生产的"产品",下面向你们介绍H车间生产的"产品"。

  H车间生产的"产品"是由how引导的感叹句。其结构为:How+形容词(副词)+主语+谓语!如:

How big the dining room is!餐厅真大啊!

How lovely the girls are!这些女孩真可爱!

  How beautiful those flowers are!这些花真美啊!

  How well she dances!她跳得真好呀!

  How hard he studies!他学习多么努力啊!

  How carefully Li Yan listens!李艳听得多么认真啊!

  在口语中,这类感叹句有时常省略主语和谓语,只保留感叹部分。如:

How clean! 真干净!

How fast!多么快啊!

完成下列感叹句。

  1. ________ ________the listening room is!(语音室真大呀!)

  2. ________ ________ the park is!(公园多么美丽啊!)

  3. ________ ________ she sings!(她唱得太好了!)

特殊疑问句

1. 定义

  以特殊疑问词开头,对陈述句中的某一部分提出疑问 / 进行发问的句子叫特殊疑问句。

2. 特殊疑问词全搜索

一句话: wh-开头外加能与之结伴同行的名词; how及它的形容词兄弟姐妹们,即如:

What(什么),why(为什么),who(谁), where(哪里), which(哪一个), what class(什么课), what time(什么时间), what number(什么号码); how(怎么样),how many(多少), how old(多大), how much(多少)等。

3. 特殊疑问句的构成特殊疑问句由"特殊疑问词+一般疑问句"构成:

  How old are you? 你多大了?

  What's this in English? 这个用英语怎么讲?

  但特殊疑问句有时也要"特殊解":即如果问的是主语或主语的定语时,这时的特殊疑问句看起来成了"特殊疑问词(+主语)+陈述句"。如:

  Who's not here today? 今天谁没来?

  Which pen is red? 哪枝钢笔是红色的?

4. 特殊疑问句的语调小插件

  一般说来,特殊疑问句都要读成降调(↘),并往往让最后一个单词承担此重任。如:

  What row are you in(↘)? 你在第几排?

  Where is"E" (↘)? "E"在哪里?

5. 对特殊疑问句的答复小扫描

  回答特殊疑问句,不能用"yes / no";但可用"到什么山上唱什么歌"来形容对特殊疑问句的应答- -即问什么答什么(尤其是简略回答更明显)。如:

  -How old is your sister? 你妹妹今年多大了?

  -She's only five. / Only five. (她)才5岁。

根据答句写问句。

1、My bag is under the chair.

2、He’s eleven.

3、I’m a bus driver.

4、Li Yan is not here.

5、This pencil-case is 5 yuan.

6、You can take a bus.

同学们在学习英语时是否注意到英语的疑问句和汉语有所不同?英语中的疑问句有一种是以what, who, where, how等开头的疑问句,这类疑问句便叫做特殊疑问句,而这些表示疑问的词叫疑问词。为了掌握特殊疑问句,还是让我们一起来勇闯三关吧!

第一关: 疑问词关

  询问的内容不同,我们所使用的疑问词便不同。问物用what,问(电话)号码也用what,问人用who,问地点用where,问年龄用how old,问身体情况用how,问年级则用what grade等。例如:

  1. -What's that in English?

  -It's a book.

  2. -How old are you?

  -I'm fourteen.

第二关: 语序关

  英语中疑问句一般应用倒装语序,即将动词be(can等)放在主语的前面。特殊疑问句的语序还应注意将特殊疑问词放在句首。例如:

  1. Where are you from?

  2. How is your father?

  当然,如果疑问词在句中作主语,则其后直接跟上动词。例如:

  Who is Lin Ying?

第三关: 回答关

  对特殊疑问句进行回答往往不可用yes或no,而应根据它所询问的内容直接作出回答。例如:

  -What class are you in?

  -I'm in Class Nine.

  回答时,问句中的名词在答句中常用代词代替,this和that指物常用it来代替,these和those指人或指物时常用 they来代替。例如:

  1. -Where is Mr Wang from?

  -He is from Beijing.

  2. -What are these?

  -They are boxes.

  当然我们还应注意,在朗读时特殊疑问句应用降调。例如:

  How old is your English↘teacher?

There be 结构的用法

there be句型有特点,主语放在be后边,

  多个主语并列时,be随最近主语变。

  变疑问很简单,把be提到there前。

  变否定也不难,be的后面not添。

  肯定句中用some, 疑问、否定any换。

  介词短语表地点,"有"表"存在"记心间。

  There be在主语前,have/has在主语后。

  多个主语并列时,There be随第一主语变。

  并列主语表"所有",要用have是正理。

  There be表"存在", have/has表"所有"。

have“有”何烦恼

Hi,大家好,我是动词have,你们早就认识我了吧。同学们很羡慕我的本领大,但我也有我的烦恼,就是有些同学对我认识得不够全面,常常用错我,下面我就向大家诉诉苦,希望大家能正确使用我。

  烦恼一:读错我

  因为我是个开音节,所以有些同学把我误读成/haiv/,记住我读/haiv/。

  烦恼二:译错我

  我最基本的涵义是"有",强调"所属关系",表示"拥有"。如:

  I have a computer.我有一台电脑。

  但有些同学一见到我就译成"有",那你就大错而特错了,其实我的用法除意为"有"之外,还有不少其它涵义呢。请看:

  1.作"买"讲。如:

  I want to have a kilo of meat.我想买一公斤肉。

  2.作"用;作用;借用"讲,如:

  Excuse me, may I have your pen?打扰了,我可以用用你的钢笔吗?

  3.我加上表示食品、饮料等名词,意为"吃;喝"=(eat,drink)。如:

  I have /eat an egg for breakfast.我早餐吃一个鸡蛋。

  4.在我后面加上表示某种活动的名词,意为"举行;进行"。如:

  The students are having a class.学生们在上课。

  5.我还可作"邀请;招待"讲。如:

  Thank you for having me.感谢你们邀请我。

  6.我善交朋友,还可与其它词构成一些常见的固定搭配。如:

  have a rest休息一会儿,have a good time过得愉快,have a look,看一看,have a talk交谈, have a meeting开会等等。

  烦恼三:变错我

  我的第三人称单数不是在我的词尾直接加s (haves ),而是has,我和has在否定句、疑问句中,要借助助动词do, does构成疑问句,借助don't, doesn't构成否定句。并把has还原成我have。如:

  Lily has some red pencils.

  (否定句)Lily doesn't have any red pencils.

  (疑问句)Does Lily have any red pencils?

  我的否定句、疑问句也可以不借助于助动词,而直接在我have和has后加not构成否定句或将我have和has提到句首构成疑问句。不过这种变法只有我和has作"有"讲时才能用,千万别变错呀!如:

1. I have an eraser.

  (否定句)I haven't an eraser.

  (疑问句)Do you have an eraser?

2. We have lunch at school.

  误:We have not lunch at school.

  正:We don't have lunch at school.

小学英语语法汇总五

Do 的四作用

动词do在句中的作用可以概述为四句十二字:"做"实义,助动词,替前文,强语气。

  作用一:实义do

  do作实义动词时,有do, does, did, done, doing五种形式,还有及物、不及物之分。如:

1. vt. "做;研究;整理;完成"。如:

  ①The old man does an hour of sport every day.

  ②She did her homework at home last night.

  ③Mother was doing the cooking when I reached home.

  ④Have you done the exercises yet?

2. vi. "行动;工作;进展;足够"。如:

  ①Kate does very well in her Chinese.

  ②How do you do?

  ③Well done!

  ④That will do.

  作用二:助动do

  do作助动词时,只有do, does, did三种形式,无词义,限用于含行为动词的一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态的否定句和疑问句中。如:

  ①They don't have any tickets for tonight's concert.

  ②Kate stayed at home last night, didn't she?

  ③How many books does the library have?

  ④She doesn't do the washing in the evening.

  作用三:替代do

  为避免动词的重复,使语言简练,常以do, does, did替代前文所用的行为动词。如:

  ①Tom runs much faster than you do.

  ②-Lucy, can you get some more tea, please?

   -Sure. I'll do it right away.

  ②-Who broke the cup?

   -Mimi did.

  ③-I like bananas.

   -So does he.

  作用四:语气do

  为突出感情色彩,do常用于祈使句、强调句和倒装句中,以加强语气。如:

  ①Do be careful.

  ②Don't tell a lie.

  ③He did come.

  ④-You often go to the park.

   -So we do.

愁眉不展的 did

Hi!Dear friends! 大家都认识我吧,我是助动词did,我的最大特点就是善解人意、助人为乐嘛!可是呀,有时我的心情会很糟糕!这是因为一些粗心的朋友不理解我。现在我想把我的烦恼说出来,希望大家能够关心我,别再令我烦恼了,OK?

1. 到底何时使用我

  我和其它助动词一样,本身无意义,自己不能独立作谓语,只能和其它主要动词一起构成谓语,用于构成一般过去时的否定句和疑问句,当然也常常用于代替上文中的行为动词的过去式。如:

   I didn't go to school last Sunday. 上周日我没上学。

   Did you buy a new pen yesterday? 昨天你买了枝新钢笔吗?

2.我身后的动词到底用什么形式?

   有的小朋友总不注意我身后的动词用什么形式,你说我多么烦恼呀!其实,在否定句和疑问句中,我身后的动词必须用原形。不信你来瞧:

   他昨天没有在家吃午饭。

   [误] He didn't had lunch at home yesterday.

   [正] He didn't have lunch at home yesterday.

3. 我能用be动词代替吗?

  不管怎么说,含有行为(实义)动词的一般过去时的肯定句变成否定句或疑问句时,不能用be动词,必须用到我!含be动词的句子构成否定句或疑问句都绝不会让我露面!有的小朋友总是让我委屈、让我烦,还是看看例句吧:

   They went to the park last week. (改为否定句)

   [误] They weren't go to the park last week.

   [正] They didn't go to the park last week.

   小朋友们这次了解我了吧,今后可别再出错啦,否则我一定会更加愁眉不展的!OK, see you next time!

Be 的四功能

be是一个多功能动词,在初级英语里可见四种用法:

功能一,系动词be

  be为连系动词,中心词义是"是",句型为"主+系+表"结构。be的形式常用am, is, are(现在式);was, were(过去式);will/can/may/must be(助动词/情态动词+原形);have/has/had been(助动词+过去分词)等。如:

  To help animals is helping people.(一般现在时)

  The twins were very busy yesterday.(一般过去时)

  It will be sunny tomorrow.(一般将来时)

  She has been ill for over a week.(现在完成时)

功能二,助动词be

  助动词be,无词义,辅助主要动词一起在句中作谓语动词。用法如下:

  1. be+doing:构成进行时态,有现在和过去两种进行时态。如:

  The girls is reading and copying the new words now.

  Young Tom was always asking questions and trying out new ideas.

  2. be+done:构成被动语态(主语是动作的承受者,done必须是及物动词)。如:

  Tea is grown in my hometown.(一般现在时的被动语态)

  This building was built three years ago.(一般过去时的被动语态)

  Our classroom has been cleaned and tidied already.(现在完成时的被动语态)

  How could this kind of cakes be made in your home?(含情态动词的被动语态)

  That is a day never to be forgotten.(动词不定式的被动语态)

  3. be+going to do,表示"打算或将要做某事",be有现在和过去两种形式。如:

  We are going to plant trees in the park.

  I didn't know if she was going to come here.

  4. be+to do,表示"按计划安排将要做某事"。如:

  The new shop is not to be opened till next Monday.

  One night an angel came to Mary and told her that she was to have this special boy.

功能三,there be

  there be句式为:there be+主语部分+状语部分,表示"某处存在某物",be常用现在时,过去时和将来时等。如:

  Oh, cool! And there are many things to see. There is even a deer park in Sanya.

  There are about 80 pyramids in Egypt.

  Will there be a football match in your school next week?

功能四,实义be

  可以将be视为实义动词,因为它具有实际的词义,如"成为;做;发生;举行;逗留;到达"等。如:

  His daughter wants to be a doctor for animals in her twenties.

  Kate's birthday party will be at half past six this evening.

  Jim has been in China for more than two years, but he has not yet been to Yichang.

打开“like文档”

like既可作动词,又可作介词。在使用它时要好好分辨它的词性。否则,还真容易混淆。下面是我为大家创建的"like文档",打开它,like用法一目了然。

【文档1】like作动词,意为"喜欢;爱好"。

1.like+名词(代词)表示"喜欢某人或某物"。

【操练】Mary likes apples a lot. 玛丽非常喜欢苹果。

2.like doing (sth.) 表示"喜欢做某事",它侧重于经常性地喜欢做某事。

【操练】She likes reading. 她喜欢阅读。

3.like to do (sth.) 表示"喜欢做(某事)",它侧重于具体的、一次性的动作或行为,也表示偶然喜欢做某事。

【操练】I like playing football, but I like to play basketball today. 我喜欢踢足球,但今天我喜欢打篮球。

4. would like sth. / would like to do sth.表示"想要某物"/"想要做某事"。would like短语相当于want,但它比want的语气更委婉。

【操练】I would like some cakes. 我想要些蛋糕。

  I would like to have dumplings. 我想吃饺子。

5.would like sb. to do sth.表示"想要某人做某事"。

【操练】I'd like you to go shopping with me.我想要你和我一起去购物。

【相关链接】表示喜欢的程度。如"很(非常)喜欢",可在句式后加上a lot, a little或very much等。表示"不喜欢(做某事)……",可用"don't / doesn't like (doing/ to do sth.)",有时我们可在其后加上at all来表示不喜欢的程度。

【文档2】like作介词,意为"跟……一样;像……"。

1.like后接名词、代词作宾语。

【操练】Don't throw it like this. 不要像这样扔。

2.like分别与be和look构成be like,look like短语意为"看来像……一样"。

【操练】She is like her mother. 她长得像她的母亲。

Some 与 Any

some和any都有"一些"的含义,都能修饰可数名词和不可数名词,但用法却大有不同。

  some 一般用在肯定句中。

  如: There are some girls in the classroom. 教室里有一些女孩。

  some有时也用于疑问句,表示期望得到肯定回答,并不表示对某事有疑问。

  如: Will you give me some ink? 请给我一些墨水好吗?

  any一般用于疑问句和否定句中。

  如: Are there any maps on the wall? 墙上有地图吗? There aren't any trees behind the house. 房子后面没有树。

  请用some和any填空,使句意完整。

  1. Are there ______ bananas in the bag?

  2. There are ______ goats under the tree.

  3. There aren't ______ people on the bus.

  4. There are ______ roses on the table.

“多少”须计较

小学英语知识点汇总之一

一、词类:
动词、名词和形容词不太容易区分,如不能一眼看出,可用如下方法:
先用“一(量词)”(如:一个、一张等)和这个词连起来说,如说得通,一般认为是名词;说不通再用“很”去判断,就是把“很”和为个词连起来说,说得通一般就是形容词;都说不通就是动词。(目前我们学过的,以后可能不同)(另外一些很明显的,如人称代词、数词、情态动词等一下就可以知道)
1、动词
这里所说的动词是指各种动词总称,其中包括行为动词(就是我们平时总说的那种动词)、be动词、情态动词。
1)行为动词
就是我们平时上课时说的动词,表示某一动作或行为。如:sweep、live等。
行为动词我们已学过它们的四种形式:
原形、+s/es、+ed、+ing,具体判断方法如下:
↗有,就加ing
读句子→读该单词→认识该单词→理解意思→看有无be动词
(若是be going to 就用原形)
↘没有,再看情态动词
↗有,就用原形
↗有,就加ed
↘没有,再看有无表示过去的时间状语
↗是第三人称单数就加s或es
↘没有,再看主语
↘不是第三人称单数就用原形
2be动词
a、Am--was Is --was Are--were 口诀:我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它,所有复数全用are。
b、肯定和否定句 I am (not) from London. He is(not) a teacher. She is(not) in the dining room. My hair is(not) long. Her eyes are(not) small.
c、一般疑问句 Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t. Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t. Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.
我们现在学过的be动词大致分两类:is、am、are为一类,一般用于一般现在时、现在进行时和一般将来时中,was和were为另一类,一般用于一般过去时。
判断步骤:
↗第一、三人称单数,就用was
↗有,再看人称
↘第二人称单数和所有复数,就用were
看有无表示过去的时间状语
↗第一人称单数,就用am
↘没有,再看人称→第三人称单数,就有is
↘第二人称单数和所有复数,就用are
3)情态动词
情态动词也是一类特殊的动词,平时我们不把它说成是动词。情态动词可以和行为动词同时出现在同一个句子中。
我们现在学过的情态动词有:can、must、should、would、may。接触最多的是can。
情态动词后动词总是用原形。(不受其他任何条件影响)

小学英语知识点汇总之二

2、名词
表示某一事物,有具体的和抽象的之分。判断的关键词往往是be动词,be动词如果是am、is或was,名词就用原形;be动词如果是are或were,名词就加s或es。
这里强调两点:不可数名词都默认为单数,所以总是用is或者was;最好不要根据some、any、a lot of等词去作判断,以免受误导。
如何加后缀:
a.一般情况下,直接加-s如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
b.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
c.以辅音字母+y”结尾,变yi, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries
d.以“ffe”结尾,变ffev, 再加-es,如:knife-knives
e.不规则名词复数: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet ,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
判断步骤:
↗如是am、is或was→原形
读句子→读该单词→认识该单词→理解意思→看be动词
↘如是are或were→加s或es
3、形容词(包括副词)
形容词表示某一事物或的特征,副词表示某一动作的特征。
形容词和副词只有两种形式:原形和+er。
未作比较的情况下就用原形,比较时就+er。
两个重要特征:as……as中间一定用原形,有than的时候一定+er。
4、人称代词和物主代词
人称代词
物主代词
单数
复数
单数
复数
主格
宾格
主格
宾格
形容词性(短)
名词性(长)
形容词性(短)
名词性(长)
第一人称 I me we us my mine our ours
第二人称 you you you you your yours your yours
第三人称 he him they them his his their theirs
she her her hers
it it its its
人称代词:
有主格和宾格之分。
一般动词前用主格,动词后用宾格。
物主代词:
有两类:形容词性物主代词(短的)和名词性物主代词(长的)
一般看后面有没有名词,如有,就用形容词性物主代词(短的);如无,就用名词性物主代词(长的)。
5数量词
我们学过两类:基数词和序数词。基数用于表示数量多少,而基数词用于表示次序,常在日期中出现。
6、冠词
有a、an、the。a和an有具体的意思,一(个…),the没有具体意思,有时翻译为这、那。确定用a、an还是the时可根据汉语意思。a和an的区别:an用于元音音素(一般就是元音字母aeiou)前,a用于辅音音素前。

一、二、否定句:
表示某一否定意思。句中一定有not。
有三种可能:be动词(am、is、are、was、were)+not、情态动词(can、must、should)+ not、助动词(do、does、did) + not
如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为否定句:
1、看句中有无be动词,如有,直接在be动词后+ not。
2、看句中有无情态动词,如有,直接在情态动词后+ not。
3、如上述二者都没有,就应用助动词+ not。分四个步骤:
(1)肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的,要加上去,位置在主语(某人或某物)后,动词前。
(2)确定助动词用do、does还是did,根据句中动词,动词是原形的助动词就用do,动词是第三人称单数的助动词就用does,动词用过去式的助动词就有did。
(3)在助动词后加not。
(4)原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。
强调一点,有some的要考虑是否要用any。
三、一般疑问句。
表示疑问,一般回答只有两种可能Yes,……或No,……句中没有疑问词。
如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为否定句:
1、看句中有无be动词,如有,把be动词提到句首即可。
2、看句中有无情态动词,如有,把情态动词提到句首即可。
3、如上述二者都没有,就应把助动提到句首。分四个步骤:
(1)肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的,要加上去,位置在主语(某人或某物)后,动词前。
(2)确定助动词用do、does还是did,根据句中动词,动词是原形的助动词就用do,动词是第三人称单数的助动词就用does,动词用过去式的助动词就有did。
(3)把助动词后提到句首。
(4)原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。
强调一点,有some的要考虑是否要用any。
四、特殊疑问句。
表示疑问,有疑问词(在开头),回答有很多种可能。
常用疑问词:
What、When、Which、Who、Whose、Why、How
如何对划线部分提问:
1、将原问句翻译为汉语(在读中要将划线部分重读)。
如:His birthday is on the 5th of May .
他的生日在五月五日。
2、用汉语进行提问。
如上句,应该问:他的生日在什么时候?
3、根据汉语将所要提问的句子补充完整。
如上句When is his birthday ?
五、祈使句
表示请求或命令别人做某事或不要做某事。
肯定祈使句一定是以动词原形开头(有时有please),否定的祈使句一定是don’t加动词原形开头(有时有please)。
把祈使句改为否定句只需在动词前加don’t即可。
六、时态
1、一般现在时
(1)句中be动词和动词一般情况下只能有一种而且也必须有一种。如:
The children are very happy on Christmas Day .
She often does some housework at the weekend .
(2)一般现在时中的be动词:
一般用原形:am is are
am用于第一人称单数(I);is用于第三人称单数(he she it和其他人名或称谓,如:Ben his sister等);are用于第二人称单数(you)和所有复数(包括第一人称复数we、第二人称复数you;第三人称复数they和其他复数,如the children 、 his parents等)。
(3)一般过去时中的动词:
有两种情况:
第一种情况:主语是第三人称单数(he she it 和其他,如Helen 、her cousin 等),动词后一般加s或es。
第二种情况:主语不是第三人称单数,动词都用原形。
(4)一般现在时判断依据(如何判断一个句子是一般现在时):
△be动词是am、is、are
△动词用原形或加s、es
△没有时间状语或有usually、often、everyday、sometimes等不是具体的时间
(5)有用的的依据:
Be动词是is、am ←→ 名词用原形(这里包括可数名词的单数和不可数名词)
Be动词是are ←→ 名词加s或es
动词加s或es ←→ 主语是第三人称单数
动词用原形 ←→ 主语不是第三人称单数
(6)情态动词:
我们现在学过的情态动词有:can、must、should、would。
情态动词后动词总是用原形。(不受其他任何条件影响)
三、一般过去时
(1)句中be动词和动词一般情况下只能有一种而且也必须有一种。如:
The girls were on the grass just now .
They visited my parents last weekend .
(2)一般过去时中的be动词:
一般用过去式:was were
was用于第一人称单数(I)和第三人称单数(he she it和其他人名或称谓,如:Ben 、 his sister等);were用于第二人称单数(you)和所有复数(包括第一人称复数we、第二人称复数you;第三人称复数they和其他复数,如the children 、 his parents等)。
(3)一般过去时中的动词:
一般只有一种情况:+ed
这里强调一点,和一般现在时不同的是这里不管主语是第几人称,也不管是单数和复数都加ed。
(4)一般过去时判断依据(如何判断一个句子是一般过去时):
△be动词是was、were
△动词加ed
△有表示过去的时间状语
现在学过的常用的表示过去的时间状语有:
just now a moment yesterday last week last night last weekend last year last month three days ago two weeks ago
five years ago
(5)有用的的依据:
Be动词是was或were 该句是一般过去时
动词加ed 有表示过去的时间状语
3、一般将来时
(1)构成形式:
Be going to +动词原形。
这里强调一点,be动词、going、to以及动词原形共四个单词缺少其中任何一种都不可以构成一般将来时。
(2)一般将来时表示动作即将发生或某人打算做某事。
(3)有用的依据:
一个句子中既有be动词,又有going、to和动词,且动词用的是原形←→ 该句是现在进行时
(4)句中往往有tomorrow、soon、next week等词。
4、现在进行时
(1)构成形式:
Be动词+动词的ing形式
这里强调一点,两者缺少其中任何一种都不可以构成现在进行时。
(2)现在进行时表示动作正在进行或事情正在发生。
(3)有用的依据:
一个句子中既有be动词,又有动词,且动词加了ing ←→ 该句是现在进行时
(4)句中往往有now、look、listen等词。
七、HaveHasThere be结构
1、There be结构包括there is there are there was there were
2、意思都是“有”。
3、和have、has、had的区别:
(1)There be 句型表示:在某地有某物(或人)
(2)在there be 句型中,主语是单数,be 动词用is ; 主语是复数,be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品,be 动词根据最近be 动词的那个名词决定。
(3)there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。
(4)there be句型与have(has) 的区别:there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。
(5)some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用:some 用于肯定句, any 用于否定句或疑问句。
(6)and 和or 在there be句型中的运用:and 用于肯定句, or 用于否定句或疑问句。
(7)针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是: How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语? How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语?
(8)针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是: What’s + 介词短语?
(9)There be结构一般用在句子的开头,而have等词只能用于某一个主语后面。

小学英语知识点

1should must是情态动词:具有be动词的性质不能单独作谓语

                  情态动词没有人称变化,后加动词原形。

2、感叹句:How + 形容词            What + 名词

3、时间的表达方法:①直接表达。如:at 6:00

                   ②当0<分钟<30时,用past

                   ③当分钟=30时,  half  past

                   ④当30<分钟<60, to

4There be 句型表示“有…”

   There is a toy shop near Peter’s home,

5be going to/will表示“将要”

   I’m going to buy one.

   I’ll show you …

6have 表示“某人有…”第三人称变为has

   Every body has hobbies

   He has some interesting hobbies.

   I have an interesting hobby.

7、一般疑问句:

   ①主系表——be动词提前

     Is this your grandpa?   Yes, he is./ No, he  isn’t.

     Is that his hobby?      Yes, it is.

     Is he good at fishing?  Yes, he is.

   ②主谓宾——助动词 Do ,Does 提前

     Do you like toy cars?      Yes, I do./ No, I  don’t.

     Do you know leaf painting?  Yes, I do./ No, I  don’t.

 8、否定句:

    be动词后+ not

    ②助动词后+ not

9.第三人称单数:动词+s ,+es ,表示第三人称单数。

  规则:(1) 直接+s.

        (2) s ,x ,ch ,sh ,o结尾的单词+es.

        (3) 辅音字母+y ,y变为i+es.

10.名词单数变复数:

  (1)直接+s.    (2)s ,x ,ch ,sh结尾+es.

  (3)辅音字母+y ,y-i+es.

  (4)o结尾的,除“一人两菜”(hero英雄  tomato番茄   potato土豆)+es,其余都+s.

11.形容词的比较级:形容词+er

  harder. faster. warmer. longer. cooler. shorter. better

12.形容词的最高级:形容词+est  (例:hot--hottest    goodbest

13.现在分词:动词+ing   (例:cut--cutting    makemaking14. 肯定句:      He is looking into the water.

一般疑问句:  Is he planting rice?特殊疑问句:  What are they doing?

小学英语语法练习题

一、写出下列单词的复数形式。(5%)

1.  book___________2.  mango___________

3.  sheep___________4.  radio___________

5.  yo-yo___________6.  knife ___________

7.  children_________8.  man ___________

9.  Walkman________10. tooth _________

二、写出下列数词的基数词或序数词。(5%)

1. one ___________2. two ___________3. three ___________

4. five ___________5. nine ___________6. twenty _________

7. eighty-eight______   8. twenty-first______

9. tenth ___________10. ninety-sixth _____

三、写下列单词的宾格或主格。(3%)

1. I ___________2. she ___________

3. we __________4. us ___________

5. him ___________6. them ___________

四、写出下列单词的形容词物主代词喝名词性物主代词。(7%)

1.   I_____________

2.                                you____________

3.       he_____________

4.       she___________

5.       it____________

6.       we___________

7.       they____________

五、写出下列单词的比较级和最高级。(8%)

1.  tall ____________2. fast ____________

3.  brave ____________4. late ____________

5.  big ____________6.  fat ____________

7.  heavy ____________8. early ____________

9.  far  ____________10. bad/ill ____________

11. much/many _________12. good/well__________

13. careful_____________14. beautifully _________

六、 翻译下列词组。(16%)

1.  下午三点一刻 ____________

2.  第四节课 ________________

3.  在第二十层楼 ____________

4.  三个星期前 ______________

5.  35个学生 ________________

6.  新学期的第一天 ____________

7.  她的手表 __________________

8.  我们的学校 _______________

9.  你的新自行车 ____________

10. 我最喜欢的食物____________

11.           他的明信片 _______________

12. 一封电子邮件 _____________

13. 一位老人 _________________

14. 一块英国手表 _____________

15. 一个小时  ________________

16. 一百 _____________________

用a或an填空。(5%)

1. _____ “U”   2. _____ “F”   3. _____ “K”

4. ____goalkeeper  5. _____ teapot   6. _____ apple

7. ____ ice-cream   8. _____ umbrella  9. ____post office

10. _____ airport

八选择适当的人称代词填空。(8%)

1._____ (He/I) is my father.      2.   _____ (She/They) are Tom’s grandparents.

3.  _____ (We/I) am Jim’s new friend.  4. Look at that white dog. _____ (They/It) is my brother’s.

5.  Where are _____ (you/he from?    6.    Do you like collecting stamps? Yes, _____ (you/we) do.

7.  _____ (He/I) am a student at Heyang Primary School.

8.  _____ (You/They) are my brother’s English teacher.

九、用人称代词的主格和宾格填空。(8%)

1.Don’t pass it to _______ (他).      2. _____ (她) is watching a running race.

3.  Would you like to go with _____(我们).    4.  Do you want to join _____(我).

5.  Tomorrow is my father’s birthday. This present is for ______.

6.  The ball is Su Hai’s. Please give _____ to _____.

7.  What are Tom’s sisters doing? _____ are seeing a Beijing opera show.

十、填入适当的物主代词。(10%)

1. _____ (他的) coat is black, but _____(她的) is red.

2.Whose wallet is this? It’s _____ (我的).

3. Whose wallet is that? It’s _____ (我的) wallet.

4. Are these _____ (你们的) skateboards? Yes, they’re _____ (我们的).

5. I’m a new student. _____ name is Helen.

6. Nancy is my cousin. _____ eyes are big.

7. Look, this is his new book. _____ (我的) is as new as his.

8. What do people usually do at the Spring Festival. They visit _____ relatives and friends.

十一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。(12%)

1.  I can swim as _____ (fast) as the fish.

2.  Look at his hands. His are as _____ (small) as mine.

3.  Lucy is not as _____ (tall) as the other children.

4.  Does Jim run as _____ (slow) as David?

5.  I’m as _____ (fat) as you, but I’m ________ (heavy) than you.

6.  You have seven books, but Mike is _____ (thin) than me.

7. I jump __________ (far) than any other children in my class.

8. In Summer, the days are _____ (long) and the nights are _____ (short). But when Autumn comes, the days get _________ (short) and nights get ________ (long.)

十二、选择。(13%)

(    ) 1. Who’s taller, _______?

        A. Liu Tao’s or Gao Shan’s        B. Liu Tao or Gao Shan

        C. Gao Shan’s or Liu Tao         D. Gao Shan or Liu Tao’s

(    ) 2.._____ fatter, Liu Tao or Gao Shan? 

A. whose  B. who’s  C. Whose  D. Who’s

(    ) 3. Whose dog is bigger,_____?

A. Liu Tao’s or Gao Shan’s        B. Liu Tao or Gao Shan

        C. Gao Shan’s or Liu Tao         D. Gao Shan or Liu Tao’s

(    ) 4. This is _____week of this term.   

A. nine   B. the nineth   C. ninth   D. the ninth

(    ) 5. Are there two _____ on the table?    

A. box    B. boxs     C. boxes     D. boxse

(    ) 6. Here’s some _____ for you.   

A. grapes   B. hamburger  C. glasses of milk  D. milk

(    ) 7. _____ sun is bigger than _____ moon.  

A. /, /   B. A, a    C. the, the   D. The, the

(    ) 8. We all had _____ nice time last Friday evening._____.  

A. /   B. a    C. an    D. the

(    ) 9. Who is _____ girl behind _____ tree?

 A. a, a    B. the, the     C. a, the    D. the, a

(    ) 10. Look at _____ old man.   

 A. a         B. an         C. the         D./

(    ) 11. There is _____ map of the world on _____ wall. _____ map is mine.

   A. a, a, A     B. a, the, The      C. the, the, The  D. the, the, A

(    ) 12. There’re many _____ on the farm.  

A. milk     B. tree    C. rice    D. sheep

(    ) 13. Are there any _____ in the building.   

A. fruit   B. pianoes   C. radios   D. childs

常见英语反义词归纳

above 在......上 -- below 在......下   after 在......后 -- before 在......前

all 全部 -- none 全无    answer 回答 -- ask 询问

answer 答案 -- question 问题    back 后面 -- front 前面

bad 坏的 -- good 好的     best 最好的 -- worst 最坏的

better 更好的 -- worse 更坏的    black 黑的 -- white 白的

both 两者都 -- neither 两者都不   busy 忙碌的 -- free 空闲的

buy 买(入) -- sell 卖(出)

cheap 便宜的 -- expensive, dear 昂贵的

clean 干净的 -- dirty 肮脏的

clever 聪明的 -- foolish 愚蠢的

cold 寒冷的 -- hot 炎热的

come 来 -- go 去

cool 凉爽的 -- warm 温暖的

danger 危险 -- safety 安全

dark 黑暗的 -- bright, light 明亮的

day 白天 -- night 夜晚

die 死去 -- live 活着

down 向下 -- up 向上

dry 干燥的 -- wet 潮湿的

early 早的 -- late 迟的

easy 容易的 -- difficult, hard 困难的;艰巨的

empty 空的 -- full 满的

entrance 入口 -- exit 出口

fall 落下 -- rise 升起

far 远的 -- near 近的

finish 结束 -- begin, start 开始

first 最初的 -- last 最后的

foreign 外国的 -- home 本国的

forget 忘记 -- remember 记得

glad 愉快的 -- sad, sorry 悲伤的;难过的

happy 高兴的 -- unhappy, sad 难过的

hard 硬的 -- soft 软的

hate 憎恨 -- love, like 热爱;喜欢

here 在这里 -- there 在那里

high 高的 -- low 低的

ill 生病的 -- healthy, well 健康的

into 到......里面 -- out of 从......到外,在......之外

inside 在里面 -- outside 在外面

light 轻的 -- heavy 重的

lose 丢失 -- find 找到

lose 失败 -- win 胜利;赢得

miss 未抓住;未赶上 -- catch 抓住;赶上

most 最多的 -- least, fewest 最少的

move 移动 -- stop 停止

never 从不 -- ever 曾经

  nothing 什么也没有 -- everything一切

  now 现在 -- then 那时

  old 旧的 -- new 新的

  old 年老的 -- young 年轻的

  pain 痛苦 -- pleasure 快乐

  pass 通过;及格 -- fail 未通过;不及格

  poor 贫穷的 -- rich 富裕的

  pull 拉 -- push 推

  rainy 下雨的 -- dry 干旱的

  right 右边(的) -- left 左边(的)

  right 正确的 -- wrong 错误的

  safe 安全的 -- dangerous 危险的

  same 相同的 -- different 不同的

  hort 短的 -- long 长的

  short (个子)矮的 -- tall (个子)高的

  sleep 睡觉 -- wake 醒来

  small 小的 -- big, large, great 大的

  start 出发 -- reach 到达

  strong 强壮的 -- weak 虚弱的

  take 拿走 -- bring 带来

  take 拿取 -- give 给予

  teach 教(课) -- learn 学习

  thin 瘦的 -- fat 胖的

  thin 薄的 -- thick 厚的

  town 城镇 -- country 乡下

  whole 全体;全部 -- part 部分

  wide 宽的 -- narrow 窄的

  with 有 -- without 没有

yes 是的 -- no 不是的

小升初英语语法易错知识点归类例析

英语有很多很细小的知识点,而这些细小的知识点往往就是考点。同学们很容易由于注意不到而犯错误,下面就初一年级同学们比较容易犯错误的知识点做一个汇总。

[第一类] 名词类

1. 这些女老师们在干什么?

    [误] What are the woman teachers doing?

    [正] What are the women teachers doing?

[析] 在英语中,当一名词作定语修饰另一名词(单或复数形式)时,作定语的名词一般要用其单数形式;但当man, woman作定语修饰可数名词复数形式时,要用其复数形式men, women.

2. 房间里有多少人?

[误] How many peoples are there in the room?

[正] How many people are there in the room?

[析] people作“人、人们”解时,是个集合名词,其单复数同形。

3. 我想为我儿子买两瓶牛奶。

[误] I want to buy two bottle of milk for my son.

[正] I want to buy two bottles of milk for my son.

[析] 表示不可数名词的数量时,常用“a / an或数词+表量的可数名词+ of + 不可数名词”这一结构,其中当数词大于1时,表量的可数名词要用其复数形式。

[第二类] 动词类

4. 你妹妹通常什么时候去上学?

[误] What time does your sister usually goes to school?

[正] What time does your sister usually go to school?

[析] 借助助动词do(或does)构成疑问句或否定句时,句中的谓语动词用其原形。

5. 琳达晚上经常做作业,但今晚她在看电视。

[误] Linda often do her homework in the evening, but this evening she watching TV.

[正] Linda often does her homework in the evening, but this evening she is watching TV.

[析] 在初一英语学习阶段,我们接触到了两种主要时态:一般现在时和现在进行时。一般现在时表示经常的或习惯性的动作,常和often, usually, sometimes 等时间状语连用。在一般现在时的句子中,若主语是第三人称单数,谓语动词要用其第三人称单数形式。现在进行时表示现阶段正在进行或发生的动作,现在进行时由be(am / is / are)+ving形式构成。

6. 这双鞋是红色的。

[误] This pair of shoes are red.

[正] This pair of shoes is red.

[析] 在shoes, trousers, gloves, glasses等表示成双成对的衣物或工具名词前用pair(表计量)修饰时,谓语动词的形式由pair的单复数形式来决定。

[第三类] 代词类

7. 这张票是她的,不是我的。

 [误] This is hers ticket. It’s not my.

 [正] This is her ticket. It’s not mine.

 [析] 物主代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词之分。形容词性物主代词之后一定要接名词,而名词性物主代词之后不需接任何词。

 8. 吴老师教我们英语。

  [误] Miss Wu teaches our English.

  [正] Miss Wu teaches us English.

  [析] teach sb. sth..中的sb.作teach的宾语,因此当sb.为人称代词时要用其宾格形式。

[第四类] 介词类

 9. 你能找到这个问题的答案吗?

  [误] Can you find the answer of this question?

  [正] Can you find the answer to this question?

  [析] 英语中用“the answer to …”表示“……的答案”。类似结构还有the key to the door, the way to the zoo等。

10. 格林先生星期六上午来这里。

 [误] Mr. Green will come here in Sunday evening.

 [正] Mr. Green will come here on Sunday evening.

 [析] 表示在上午、下午等时,介词要用in;而表示在具体的某天上午、下午时,介词要用on.

11. 那个穿着红裙子的小女孩是我们老师的女儿。

[误] That little girl on a red skirt is our teacher’s daughter.

[正] That little girl in a red skirt is our teacher’s daughter.

[析] 用介词表示“穿戴衣物”时,只能用in,其他介词没有此用法。

[第五类] 副词类

12. 莉莉,你为什么不回家呢?

    [误] Lily, why don’t you go to home?

    [正] Lily, why don’t you go home?

    [析] come, go 等后接here, there, home等地点副词时,地点副词前不加to。

[第六类] 连词类

13. 我喜欢语文和英语,但我不喜欢体育和历史。

    [误] I like Chinese and English, but I don’t like P.E. and history.

[正] I like Chinese and English, but I don’t like P.E. or history.

[析] 在肯定句中并列成分之间用and来连接;而在否定句中,并列成分之间的连接需用or。

[第七类] 冠词类

14. 乘飞机去北京花了史密斯一家人一个小时。

[误] It takes Smiths a hour to go to Beijing by a plane.

[正] It takes the Smiths an hour to go to Beijing by plane.

[析] 1.表示“……一家人”用结构“the + 姓氏复数”;

 2.our 一词的第一个字母不发音,它是以元音音素开头的,所以“一小时”要用 an hour;

 3.用介词by表示“乘坐”某种交通工具时,交通工具名词前不加任何冠词。

 [第八类] 句法类

 15. ――你不是学生吗? ――不,我是学生。

 [误] ――Aren’t you a student? ――No, I am.

 [正] ――Aren’t you a student? ――Yes, I am.

 [析] 对否定疑问句的回答是用Yes还是用No,这取决于实际情况:如果事实是肯定的,就用Yes表“不”;如果事实是否定的,就用No表“是的”。

2. 房间里有多少人?

[误] How many peoples are there in the room?

[正] How many people are there in the room?

[析] people作“人、人们”解时,是个集合名词,其单复数同形。

小升初英语语法复习-句子的种类

13. 句子的种类
(一)按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
1) 陈述句(Declarative Sentences):说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。
  Light travels faster than sound. 光比声速度快。  (说明事实)
  The film is rather boring. 这部电影很乏味。(说明看法)
2) 疑问句(Interrogative Sentences):提出问题。有以下四种:
 a. 一般疑问句(General Questions):
   Can you finish the work in time? 你能按时完成工作吗?
 b. 特殊疑问句(W Questions; H Questions):
   Where do you live? 你住那儿?
   How do you know that? 你怎么知道那件事?
 c. 选择疑问句(Alternative Questions):
   Do you want tea or coffee? 你是要茶还是要咖啡?
d. 反意疑问句(Tag-Questions):
  He doesn't know her, does he? 他不认识她,对不对?

3) 祈使句(Imperative Sentences):提出请求,建议或发出命令,例如:Sit down, please. 请坐。
  Don't be nervous! 别紧张!
4) 感叹句(Exclamatory Sentences):表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪,例如:
  What good news it is! 多好的消息啊!

(二)句子按其结构可以分为以下三类:
 1) 简单句(Simple Sentences):只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句,例如:
 She is fond of collecting stamps.  她喜欢集邮。
  (主)  (谓)
 2) 并列句(Compound Sentences):包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句,句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接,例如:
 The food was good, but he had little appetite.
   (主)   (谓)      (主)(谓)
 食物很精美,但他却没什么胃口。

3) 复合句(Complex Sentences):包含一个主句从句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句,从句由从属连词引导,例如:
   The film had begun when we got to the cinema.
        主句       从句
   我们到达电影院的时候,电影已经开演了。

(三)基本句型(Basic Sentence Patterns):英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的:
  1)主 + 动(SV)例如:
    I work. 我工作。
  2)主 + 动 + 表(SVP)例如:
    John is busy. 约翰忙。
  3)主 + 动 + 宾(SVO)例如:
    She studies English. 她学英语。
  4)主 + 动 + 宾 + 补(SVOC)例如:
    Time would prove me right. 时间会证明我是对的。
  5)主 + 动 + 间宾 + 直宾(SVOiOd)例如:
  My mother made me a new dress. 我母亲给我做了一件新衣裳。

13.1 祈使句结构
   祈使句用以表达命令,要求,请求,劝告等。
  1) 祈使句有两种类型,一种是以动词原形开头,在动词原形之前加do (但只限于省略第二人称主语的句子)。
      Take this seat.
      Do be careful.
   否定结构:
     Don't move.
     Don't be late.
  2) 第二种祈使句以let开头。
    Let 的反意疑问句
   a. Let's 包括说话者 
     Let's have another try,shall we / shan't we?
    = Shall we have another try?
   b. Let us 不包括说话者
     Let us have another try,will you / won't you?
    = Will you please let us have another try?
  否定结构:
   Let's not talk of that matter.
   Let us not talk of that matter.
13.2 感叹句结构
 感叹句通常有what, how引导,表示赞美、惊叹、喜 悦、等感情。
 what修饰名词,how 修饰形容词,副词或动词,感叹句结构主要有以下几种:
 掌握它的搭配,即掌握了感叹句的重点。
  How +形容词+ a +名词+       陈述语序   
  How+形容词或副词+         陈述语序
  What +名词+            陈述语序
  What+a+形容词+名词+        陈述语序
  What+ 形容词+复数名词+       陈述语序
  What+ 形容词+不可数名词+      陈述语序
  How clever a boy he is!
  How lovely the baby is!
  What noise they are making!
  What a clever boy he is!
  What wonderful ideas (we have)!
  What cold weather it is!
  感叹句的省略形式为:
  What a clever boy (he is)!
  典型例题
  1)___ food you've cooked!
  A. How a nice  B. What a nice  C. How nice  D. What nice
   答案D. 由于How 修饰形容词,副词;what修饰名词。且food为不可数名词,因此A,B 排除。C How + adj. 后面不能再加名词,因此只有D正确,其句型为What + adj. +n. (不可数)
  2)___terrible weather we've been having these days! 
  A. What  B. What a  C. How  D. How a 
   答案A. weather为不可数名词,B,D排除。C为how + adj. 后面不应有名词。只有A,符合句型What +形容词+不可数名词。
  3) --- _____ I had!
    --- You really suffered a lot.
  A. What a time  B. What time   C. How a time   D. how time
   答案A. 感叹句分两类:
       1:What + n.+主谓部分
       2:How + adj. / adv. / v.+主谓部分。本题属第一种,但省略了bad,相对于 What a bad time I had! 这是个习惯用语。

13.3 强调句结构
常考的强调句结构是it 引导的句子。
It is (was) 被强调部分+ that (who) + 句子其他部分。
此结构强调的成分仅限于主语,宾语和状语。
  It is from the sun that we get light and heat.
  It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs.
  典型例题
  1) It was last night ___ I see the comet.
  A. the time B. when  C. that  D. which
答案C. 强调句的结构是: It +be +强调部分 + that (who) + 主谓句。 强调句的连词只有两个,that和who。当强调的部分是人,且为句子的主语时,才用 "who",其余用that。
原句: My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
强调主语: It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
强调宾语: It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.
强调时间: It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab. (注意不用when)
强调地点: It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.
2)It is ten years ___ Miss Green returned to Canada.
  A. that B. when  C. since  D. as
答案C. 考点是连词用法。 本题易误选为A. that. 其实本句不是强调句。若是,去掉It  be… that还应是一个完整的句子。而本句去掉 'It is…that',只剩下ten years Miss Green returned to Canada. 不成句。因此本句不是强调句。
It is /was +时间+ since… 其中is<---> has been  was <---> had been.
13.4 用助动词进行强调
   强调句还有一种类型,就是用助动词do (did,does) 强调谓语。
   She does like this horse. 她的确喜欢这匹马。
   Please do take care of yourself. 千万保重。
13.5 反意疑问句
   1) 陈述部分的主语是I,疑问部分要用 aren't I.
    I'm as tall as your sister,aren't I?
  2) 陈述部分的谓语是wish,疑问部分要用may +主语。
    I wish to have a word with you, may I?
  3) 陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定含义。
    The Swede made no answer, did he / she?
    Some plants never blown (开花), do they ?
  4) 含有ought to 的反意疑问句,陈述部分是肯定的,疑问部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主语。
    He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he?
  5) 陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.),疑问部分常用don't +主语(didn't +主语)。
    We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?
  6) 陈述部分的谓语是used to 时,疑问部分用didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语。
    He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?
  7) 陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you?
    You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?
  8) 陈述部分有would rather +v.,疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语。
    He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?
  9) 陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。
    You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?
  10) 陈述部分有must 的疑问句,疑问部分根据实际情况而定。
    He must be a doctor, isn't he?
    You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? / didn't you?
    He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he?
  11) 感叹句中,疑问部分用be +主语。
    What colours, aren't they?
    What a smell, isn't it?
  12) 陈述部分由neither… nor, either… or 连接的并列主语时,疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。
  Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?
  13) 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。
    Everything is ready, isn't it?
  14)  陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句,疑问部分有三种情况:
   a. 并列复合句疑问部分,谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。
    Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn't he?
   b. 带有定语从句,宾语从句的主从复合句,疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定:
    He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?
    He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he?
   c. 上述部分主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的定语从句,疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。
    I don't think he is bright, is he?
    We believe she can do it better, can't she?
15) 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等,疑问部分常用复数they,有时也用单数he。
    Everyone knows the answer, don't they? (does he?)
    Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)
16) 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句,疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。
    We need not do it again, need we ?
    He dare not say so, dare you?
    当dare, need 为实义动词时,疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。
    She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?
17) 省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句,疑问部分用will you。
    Don't do that again, will you?
    Go with me, will you / won't you ?
  注意: Let's 开头的祈使句,后用shall we?
    Let us 开头的祈使句,后用will you?
    Let's go and listen to the music, shall we?
    Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?
  18) 陈述部分是"there be"结构的,疑问部分用there省略主语代词。
    There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there?
    There will not be any trouble, will there?
  19) 否定前缀不能视为否定词,其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。
    It is impossible, isn't it?
    He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?
  20) must在表"推测"时,根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。
    He must be there now, isn't he?
    It must be going to rain tomorrow, won't it?
          快速记忆表
  陈述部分的谓语      疑问部分          
       I          aren't I        
      Wish         may +主语          
  no,nothing,nobody,never,  
  few, seldom, hardly,     肯定含义
  rarely, little等否定
  含义的词                       
  ought to(肯定的)    shouldn't/ oughtn't +主语  
  have to+v.(had to+v.)  don't +主语(didn't +主语)  
  used to        didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语  
  had better + v.     hadn't you         
  would rather + v.    wouldn't +主语       
  you'd like to + v.    wouldn't +主语       
  must           根据实际情况而定      
  感叹句中         be +主语          
  Neither…nor,
  either…or 连接的根   据其实际逻辑意义而定
  并列主语                       
  指示代词或不定代词
  everything,that,      主语用it
  nothing,this                      
  并列复合句       谓语根据邻近从句的谓语而定  
  定语从句,宾语从句的
  主从复合句       根据主句的谓语而定      
  think,believe,expect,
  suppose,imagine等引导  与宾语从句相对应的从句    
  everybody,anyone,
  somebody,nobody,no one  复数they, 单数he      
  情态动词dare或need    need (dare ) +主语
  dare, need 为实义动词     do +主语        
  省去主语的祈使句     will you?
  Let's 开头的祈使句    Shall we?
  Let us 开头的祈使句   Will you?          
  there be   相应的谓语动词+there(省略主语代词)  
  否定前缀不能视为否定词    仍用否定形式      
  must表"推测"   根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句

小升初英语语法复习-倒装

14. 倒装

 14.1 倒装句之全部倒装

 全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和 一般过去时。常见的结构有:

1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。

  There goes the bell.

  Then came the chairman.

  Here is your letter.

2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词。

  Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.

  Ahead sat an old woman.

注意:上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。

  Here he comes.    Away they went.

14.2 倒装句之部分倒装

 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前。

1) 句首为否定或半否定的词语,如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。

Never have I seen such a performance.

Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.

Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.

当Not until引出主从复合句,主句倒装,从句不倒装。

注意: 如否定词不在句首不倒装。

I have never seen such a performance.

The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.

典型例题  

1) Why can't I smoke here?

  At no time___ in the meeting-room

  A. is smoking permitted  B. smoking is permitted

  C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit

答案A. 这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时,其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。 这些否定词包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.

2) Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.

A. man did know  B. man know  C. didn't man know  D. did man know

答案D.  看到Not until…的句型,我们知道为一倒装句,答案在C,D 中选一个。改写为正常语序为,Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 现在将not提前,后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。

14.3 以否定词开头作部分倒装

如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than

Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.

   Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.

  No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.典型例题

No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.

A. the game began      B. has the game begun

C. did the game begin    D. had the game begun

答案D. 以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时,一般采用倒装句(谓语前置)。这类表示否定意义的词有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not only…but (also), no sooner…than, hardly… when scarcely… when 等等。

注意:只有当Not only… but also连接两个分句时,才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only… but also仅连接两个并列词语,不可用倒装结构。

Not only you but also I am fond of music.

14.4 so, neither, nor作部分倒装

表示"也"、"也不" 的句子要部分倒装。    

Tom can speak French. So can Jack.

If you won't go, neither will I.

典型例题

 ---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?

 ---I don't know, _____.

A. nor don't I care  B. nor do I care  C. I don't care neither  D. I don't care also

答案:B. nor为增补意思"也不关心",因此句子应倒装。A错在用 don't 再次否定, C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。 D缺乏连词。

注意: 当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时,不可用倒装结构。意为"的确如此"。

Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.

    ---It's raining hard.   ---So it is.

14.5 only在句首要倒装的情况

   Only in this way, can you learn English well.

  Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.

  如果句子为主从复合句,则主句倒装,从句不倒装

Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.

14.6 as, though 引导的倒装句

as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 (形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前)。

  注意:

      1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。

      2) 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语,  随实义动词一起放在主语之前。

     Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.

  注意:

    让步状语从句中,有though,although时,后面的主句不能有but,但是 though 和yet可连用。

14.7 其他部分倒装

1)  so… that 句型中的so 位于句首时,需倒装。

   So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.

2) 在某些表示祝愿的句型中:

    May you all be happy.

3) 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词,可将if 省略,把 were, had, should 移到主语之前,采取部分倒装。

    Were I you, I would try it again.

  典型例题:

1) Not until the early years of the 19th century___ what heat is  

  A. man did know  B. man knew  C. didn't man know  D. did man know

  答案为D. 否定词Not在句首,要求用部分倒装的句子结构。

2) Not until I began to work ___ how much time I had wasted. 

  A. didn't I realize  B. did I realize  C. I didn't realize D. I realize

   答案为B。

3) Do you know Tom bought a new car?

   I don't know, ___.

   A. nor don't I care  B. nor do I care 

   C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also

解析:答案为B. 句中的nor引出部分倒装结构,表示"也不"。由 so, neither, nor引导的倒装句,表示前一情况的重复出现。其中, so用于肯定句, 而 neither, nor 用在否定句中。

小升初英语语法复习-主谓一致

15. 主谓一致

  主谓一致是指:

  1) 语法形式上要一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致。

  2) 意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。

  3) 就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语,

    一般来说,不可数名词用动词单数,可数名词复数用动词复数。

    There is much water in the thermos.

    但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。

    Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.

15.1 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数

 Reading and writing are very important.

   注意: 当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。

   The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.

  典型例题

   The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.

  A. is  B. was  C. are  D. were

  答案B. 注: 先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时,先排除A.,C.。本题易误选D,因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人,但仔细辨别, monitor 前没有the,在英语中,当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人,所以应选B。

15.2 主谓一致中的靠近原则

1)当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。

   There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk..

   There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.

2)当either… or… 与neither… nor, 连接两个主语时,谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。 如果句子是由here, there引导,而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。

   Either you or she is to go.

   Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.

15.3 谓语动词与前面的主语一致

 当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语一致。

    The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.

    He as well as I wants to go boating

15.4 谓语需用单数

1) 代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语,或主语中含有each, every, 谓语需用单数。

    Each of us has a tape-recorder.

    There is something wrong with my watch.

2) 当主语是一本书或一条格言时,谓语动词常用单数。

    The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.

    <<天方夜谭>>是英语爱好者熟悉的一本好书。

3) 表示金钱,时间,价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语 时,通常把这些名词看作一个整体,谓语一般用单数。(用复数也可,意思不变。)

    Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.

    Ten yuan is enough.

15.5 指代意义决定谓语的单复数

1) 在代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。

     All is right.    (一切顺利。)

     All are present.  (所有人都到齐了。)

2) 集体名词作主语时,谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后用复数形式时,意为这个集体中的各个成员,用单数时表示该个集体。

     His family isn't very large.  他家不是一个大家庭。

     His family are music lovers. 他的家人都是音乐爱好者。

    但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。

    Are there any police around?

3)有些名词,如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数,有时看作复数。

   A number of +名词复数+复数动词。

   The number of +名词复数+单数动词。

   A number of books have lent out.

   The majority of the students like English.

15.6 与后接名词或代词保持一致

1) 用half of, part of, most of, a portion of 等词引起主语时,动词通常与of后面的名词,代词保持一致。

   Most of his money is spent on books.

   Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.

2) 在一些短语,如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的词作主语时,谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than… of 作主语时,动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。

    Many a person has read the novel. 许多人都读过这本书。

    More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市。

小升初英语语法复习-独立主格

10. 独立主格

10.1 独立主格

(一): 独立主格结构的构成:

  名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词;

  名词(代词)+形容词;

  名词(代词)+副词;

  名词(代词)+不定式;

  名词(代词) +介词短语构成。 

(二) 独立主格结构的特点:

    1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。

    2)名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定 式,介词等是主谓关系。

    3)独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。

  举例:

    The test finished, we began our holiday.

   = When the test was finished, we began our holiday.

   The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.

   = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.

    总统被谋杀了,举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。

    Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. 

    如果天气允许,我们明天去看你。

  This done, we went home.   

    工作完成后,我们才回家。

    The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier. 

    会议结束后,每个人都想早点回家。

    He came into the room, his ears red with cold.

  他回到了房子里,耳朵冻坏了。

   He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.

   他夹着本厚书,走出了图书馆

10.2 With的复合结构作独立主格

表伴随时,既可用分词的独立结构,也可用with的复合结构。

    with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语

举例: He stood there, his hand raised.

    = He stood there, with his hand raise.

典型例题

The murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。

A. being tied  B. having tied  C. to be tied  D. tied  

答案D. with +名词(代词)+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时,其主语常常用with来引导。由于本句中名词"手"与分词"绑"是被动关系,因此用过去分词,选D.  

注意:

1) 独立主格结构使用介词的问题:

当介词是in时,其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分(如物主代词或冠词),也不用复数。但 with 的复合结构不受此限制

A robber burst into the room, knife in hand. 

 ( hand前不能加his)。     

2) 当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时,及物动词用现在分 词,不及物动词用过去分词。

   He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up.

  典型例题:

   Weather___, we'll go out for a walk.

   A permitted  B permitting  C permits  D for permitting

    答案B. 本题中没有连词,它不是复合句,也不是并列句。 句中使用了逗号,且we 小写,可知其不是两个简单句。能够这样使用的只有独立主格或with的复合结构。据此判断,本句中使用的是独立结构, 其结构为:名词+分词。 由于permit在这里翻译为'天气允许',表主动,应用现在分词,故选B。

如果不会判断独立结构作状语的形式,不妨将句子改为条件句,例如本句改为If weather permits, we'll go out for a walk. 然后将if 去掉,再将谓语动词改为非谓语动词即可。

小升初英语语法复习-动词时态

11. 动词的时态

 11.1 一般现在时的用法

  1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。

    时间状语: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday

    I leave home for school at 7 every morning.

  2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。

    The earth moves around the sun.

    Shanghai lies in the east of China.

  3) 表示格言或警句中。

    Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。

    注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。

  例:Columbus proved that the earth is round..

  4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。

    I don't want so much.

    Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.

  比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup.

     I am doing my homework now.

  第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。再如:Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时。

  11.1 一般现在时的用法

  1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。

    时间状语: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday

    I leave home for school at 7 every morning.

  2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。

    The earth moves around the sun.

    Shanghai lies in the east of China.

  3) 表示格言或警句中。

    Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。

    注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。

  例:Columbus proved that the earth is round..

  4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。

    I don't want so much.

    Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.

  比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup.

     I am doing my homework now.

    第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。再如:Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时。

11.2 一般过去时的用法

  1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。

    时间状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。

    Where did you go just now?

  2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。

    When I was a child, I often played football in the street.

    Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.     

  3)句型:

    It is time for sb. to do sth  "到……时间了"  "该……了"

    It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了"  "早该……了"

    It is time for you to go to bed.  你该睡觉了。

    It is time you went to bed.   你早该睡觉了。

    would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'

    I'd rather you came tomorrow.

  4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。

   I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。

  比较:

    一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。

   Christine was an invalid all her life. 

    (含义:她已不在人间。)

   Christine has been an invalid all her life. 

    (含义:她现在还活着)

   Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.

    (含义:达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)

   Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.

   ( 含义:现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去)

    

  注意: 用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气。

  1)动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。

     Did you want anything else?

     I wondered if you could help me.

  2)情态动词 could, would.

     Could you lend me your bike?

  11.3 used to / be used to 

    used to + do:"过去常常"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态,但如今已不存在。

    Mother used not to be so forgetful.  

    Scarf used to take a walk.  (过去常常散步)

    be used to + doing: 对……已感到习惯,或"习惯于",to是介词,后需加名词或动名词。

    He is used to a vegetarian diet.  

    Scarf is used to taking a walk.(现在习惯于散步)

  典型例题   

  ---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.

  ---- It's 69568442.      

  A. didn't  B. couldn't C. don't D. can't

    答案A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语,但从语意上看 出,在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去,因此应用过去时。11.4 一般将来时

   1) shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替。

    will 在陈述句中用于各人称,在争求意见时常用于第二人称。

    Which paragraph shall I read first.

    Will you be at home at seven this evening?

  2) be going to +不定式,表示将来。

    a. 主语的意图,即将做某事。

     What are you going to do tomorrow?

    b. 计划,安排要发生的事。

     The play is going to be produced next month。

    c. 有迹象要发生的事

     Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.

  3)  be +不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。

     We are to discuss the report next Saturday.

  4) be about to +不定式,意为马上做某事。

    He is about to leave for Beijing.

    注意:be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。

11.5 be going to / will

用于条件句时, be going to 表将来

          will 表意愿

  If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.

    Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.

11.6 be to和be going to 

be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。

be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。

I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.   (客观安排)

I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主观安排)

11.7 一般现在时表将来

1)下列动词:come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。

     The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.

     When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.

2)倒装句,表示动作正在进行,如:

      Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming.

      There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.

3)在时间或条件句中。

      When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me.

      I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there.

4)在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等后。

      I hope they have a nice time next week.

      Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.

11.8 用现在进行时表示将来

11.9 意为:"意图"、"打算"、"安排"、常用于人。常用词为 come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等。

    I'm leaving tomorrow.

    Are you staying here till next week?

11.9 现在完成时

  现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状 态,其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去 但它的影响现在还存在;也可表示持续到现在的动作或 状态。其构成: have (has) +过去分词。

小升初英语语法复习-动词时态2

11.10 比较过去时与现在完成时
1)过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。
2)过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。
  一般过去时的时间状语:
  yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
  共同的时间状语: 
  this morning, tonight,this April, now, once,before, already, recently,lately 
  现在完成时的时间状语
  for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet,      till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
  不确定的时间状语
 3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
  过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
   举例:
    I saw this film yesterday.
    (强调看的动作发生过了。)
    I have seen this film.
    (强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了。) 
    Why did you get up so early?
    (强调起床的动作已发生过了。)
    Who hasn't handed in his paper? 
    (强调有卷子,可能为不公平竞争。)
    She has returned from Paris. 
     她已从巴黎回来了。
    She returned yesterday.
     她是昨天回来了。
    He has been in the League for three years.
    (在团内的状态可延续)
    He has been a League member for three years.
    (是团员的状态可持续)
    He joined the League three years ago. 
    ( 三年前入团,joined为短暂行为。)
    I have finished my homework now. 
   ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
    ---He's already been sent for. 
    句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时。
    (错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
    (对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
  11.11 用于现在完成时的句型 
   1)It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分,用现在完成时。
    It is the first time that I have visited the city.
    It was the third time that the boy had been late.
  2)This is the… that…结构,that 从句要用现在完成时.
    This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.
      这是我看过的最好的电影。
    This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。
  典型例题
  (1) ---Do you know our town at all? 
    ---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
  A. was  B. have been  C. came  D. am coming
    答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时,故选B。
  (2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
    ---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
  A. even, come  B. even, have come  C. ever, come  D. ever, have come
    答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时,反意词为never,此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中,从句要用完成时。
    注意:非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
  (错)I have received his letter for a month.
  (对)I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
小升初英语语法复习-动词时态2
11.12 比较sincefor
  Since 用来说明动作起始时间,for用来说明动作延续时间长度。
    I have lived here for more than twenty years.
    I have lived here since I was born..
    My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949. 
    Some new oilfields have been opened up since 1976.
    I have known Xiao Li since she was a little girl. 
    My brother has been in the Youth League for two years. 
    I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.
    注意:并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。
     I worked here for more than twenty years.
     (我现在已不在这里工作。)
     I have worked here for many years.   
     (现在我仍在这里工作。)
    小窍门: 当现在完成时+一段时间,这一结构中,我们用下面的公式转化,很容易就能排除非延续动词在完成时中的误使。
    1) (对) Tom has studied Russian for three years.
      = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
    2) (错) Harry has got married for six years.
      = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
    显然,第二句不对,它应改为 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.
  11.13 since的四种用法
    1) since +过去一个时间点 (如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。
    I have been here since 1989.
   2) since +一段时间+ ago
    I have been here since five months ago.
    3) since +从句 
    Great changes have taken place since you left.
    Considerable time has elapsed since we have been here.
    4) It is +一段时间+ since从句
    It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.
  11.14 延续动词与瞬间动词
  1) 用于完成时的区别
    延续动词表示经验、经历; 瞬间动词表示行为的结 果,不能与表示段的时间状语连用。
     He has completed the work.  他已完成了那项工作。 (表结果)
     I've known him since then.   我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历)
  2) 用于till / until从句的差异
     延续动词用于肯定句,表示"做……直到……" 瞬间动词用于否定句,表示"到……,才……"
     He didn't come back until ten o'clock.
      他到10 点才回来。
     He slept until ten o'clock.     
      他一直睡到10点。
  典型例题
  1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times. 
  A. had met B. have met  C. met D. meet
    答案B. 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响,我知道她的模样,你不用描述。再次,several times告知为反复发生的动作,因此用现在完成时。
  2.---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.
   ---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.
  A. have been  B. had been  C. was D. will be
    答案A. 等待的动作由过去开始,持续到现在,应用现在完成时。
    11.18 现在进行时
  现在进行时的基本用法:
   a. 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。
     We are waiting for you.
   b. 习惯进行:表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。
     Mr. Green is writing another novel. 
     (说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。)
     She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
   c. 表示渐变的动词有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
     The leaves are turning red. It's getting warmer and warmer.
   d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
     You are always changing your mind.
  典型例题
    My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it. 
   A. has lost, don't find   B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found  D. is missing, haven't found.  
    答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态,应用进行时,由于没有找到,其影响仍然存在,应用完成时,瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
  11.19 不用进行时的动词
   1) 事实状态的动词
  have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue
    I have two brothers.
    This house belongs to my sister.
  2) 心理状态的动词
  Know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate
    I need your help.
    He loves her very much.
   3 ) 瞬间动词
  accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse.
    I accept your advice.
   4) 系动词
  seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn
    You seem a little tired.
    11.27 时态一致
   1) 如果从句所叙述的为真理或不变的事实,则永远用现在时。
   At that time, people did not know that the earth moves.
   He told me last week that he is eighteen.
    2) 宾语从句中的助动词ought, need, must, dare 时态是不变的。
   He thought that I need not tell you the truth.
  

小升初英语考试,必须要掌握的英语语法知识点(一)

冀教小学英语语法总结

      一、名词复数规则

      1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds

      2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches

      3.以“辅音字母 y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries

      4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives ]

      Leaf——leaves

      5.不规则名词复数:

      man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen,

      child-children

      foot-feet,.tooth-teeth

      fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese

      写出下列各词的复数

      I _________him _________this ___________her ______

      watch _______child _______photo ________diary ______

      day________ foot________ book_______ dress ________

      tooth_______ sheep ______box_______ strawberry _____

      peach______ sandwich ______dish_______bus_______

      man______ woman_______

      
      二、一般现在时

      一般现在时基本用法介绍

      【No. 1】一般现在时的功能

      1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。

      2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:I get up at six every day.我天天六点起床。

      3.表示客观现实。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。

      一般现在时的构成

      1. be动词:主语 be(am,is,are) 其它。如:

      I am a boy.我是一个男孩。

      2.行为动词:主语 行为动词( 其它)。如:

      We study English.我们学习英语。

      当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。

      【No. 2】一般现在时的变化

      1. be动词的变化。

      否定句:主语 be not 其它。

      如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。

      一般疑问句:Be 主语 其它。

      如:-Are you a student?

      -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.

      非凡疑问句:疑问词 一般疑问句。如:Where is my bike?

2.行为动词的变化。
      否定句:主语 don't( doesn't ) 动词原形( 其它)。如:
      I don't like bread.
      当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesn't构成否定句。如:
      He doesn't often play.
      一般疑问句:Do( Does ) 主语 动词原形 其它。如:
      - Do you often play football?
      - Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
      当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句。如:
      - Does she go to work by bike?
      - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.
       动词 s的变化规则
      1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks
      2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
      3.以“辅音字母 y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies
      一般现在时用法专练:
      一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数
      drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________
      look _________ have_______ pass_______ carry ____
      come________ watch______ plant_______ fly ________
      study_______ brush________ do_________ teach_______
      wash_______
      二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
      1. He often ________(have) dinner at home.
      2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One.
      3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday.
      4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.
      5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup?
      6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays?
      7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day?
      8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays.
      9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening.
      10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle.
      11. Mike _______(like) cooking.
      12. They _______(have) the same hobby.
      13. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully.
      14. You always _______(do) your homework well.
      15. I _______(be) ill. I’m staying in bed.
      16. She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday.
      17. Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE.
      18. The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening.
      19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight lessons this term.
      20. -What day _______(be) it today?
      - It’s Saturday
     
      三、现在进行时
      1.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。

 2.现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be 动词ing.
      3.现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。
      4.现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。
      5.现在进行时的非凡疑问的基本结构为:
      疑问词不达意 be 主语 动词ing?
      但疑问词当主语时其结构为:
      疑问词不达意 be 动词ing?
      动词加ing的变化规则
      1.一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking
      2.以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting
      3.假如末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如:run-running, stop-stopping
      现在进行时专项练习:
      一、写出下列动词的现在分词:
      play________ run__________ swim _________make__________
      go_________ like________ write________ _ski___________
      read________ have_________ sing ________ dance_________
      put_________ see________ buy _________ love____________
      live_______ take_________ come ________ get_________
      stop_________ sit ________ begin________ shop___________
      二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空:
      1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.
      2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom .
      3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food now.
      4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?
      5. Look . They _______________( have) an English lesson .
      6.They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now.
      7.Look! the girls ________________(dance )in the classroom .
      8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _________(listen ) to music.
      9. It’s 5 o’clock now. We _____________(have)supper now
      10.______Helen____________(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .
      四、将来时理论及练习
      一、概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或预备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow(后天)等。
      二、基本结构:①be going to do;
      ②will do.
      三、否定句:在be动词(am, is, are)l后加not或情态动词will后加not成won’t。
      例如:I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.→ I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.

  四、同义句:be going to = will
      I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.
      练习:
      填空。
      1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。
      I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends.
      I ________ have a picnic with my friends.
      2.我们将要学习英语
      We _____ _______ _________ learn English.
      We ________ learn English.
     五、一般过去时
      1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。
      2.Be动词在一般过去时中的变化:
      ⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasn’t)
      ⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=weren’t)
      3.句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子
      否定句:didn’t 动词原形,如:Jim didn’t go home yesterday.
      动词过去式变化规则:
      1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:work__-worked , cook-cooked
      2.结尾是e加d,如:live____lived
      3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped
      4.以“辅音字母 y”结尾的,变y为i, 再加-ed,如:study-studied
      5.不规则动词过去式:
      am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, swim-swam, sit-sat
      过去时练习
      写出下列动词的过去式
      is\am_________ plant________ are ________
      drink_________ play_______ go________ make ________
      does_________ dance________ worry________ ask _____
      taste_________ eat__________ put ______
      kick_________ pass_______ do ________
      Be动词的过去时练习(1)
      Name ____________ No. ______ Date __________
      一、用be动词的适当形式填空
      1. I _______ at school just now.
      2. He ________ at the camp last week.
      3. We ________ students two years ago.
      4. They ________ on the farm a moment ago.
      5. Yang Ling ________ eleven years old last year.
      6. There ________ an apple on the plate yesterday.

7. There ________ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.
      8. The mobile phone _______ on the sofa yesterday evening.
      一、用be动词的适当形式填空
      1. I ______ an English teacher now.
      2. She _______ happy yesterday.
      3. They _______ glad to see each other last month.
      行为动词的过去时练习(2)
      Name ____________ No. ______ Date __________
      一、用be动词的适当形式填空
      1. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.
      2. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night.
      3. We _________ to zoo yesterday, we _____ to the park. (go)
      4. ______ you _______ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?
      5. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______.
      6. Gao Shan _______ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.
      7. I ____________ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother ______.
      8. What ______ she _______ (find) in the garden last morning? She __________ (find) a beautiful butterfly.
      六、人称代词和物主代词
      主格宾格 形容词性 名词性
      I me my mine
      you you youryours
      he him his his
      she her her hers
      itit its its
      we us our ours
      they them theirtheirs
      习题
      一.用所给词的适当形式填空
      1. That is not _________ kite. That kite is very small, but _________ is very big. ( I )
      2. The dress is _________. Give it to _________. ( she )
      3. Is this _________ watch? (you) No, it’s not _________ . ( I )
      4. _________ is my brother. _________ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _________. ( he )
      二、用am, is, are 填空
      1. I ______ a boy. ______ you a boy? No, I _____ not.
      2. The girl______ Jack's sister.
      3. The dog _______ tall and fat.
      4. The man with big eyes _______ a teacher.
      5. ______ your brother in the classroom?
      6. Where _____ your mother? She ______ at home.
      7. How _______ your father?
      8. Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school.
      9. Whose dress ______ this?
      10. Whose socks ______ they?

小学英语六年级语法训练          

语法及练习1  be动词

Be 动词的用法:

(1) Am--was Is --was Are--were 口诀:我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它,复数全用are。

(2) 肯定和否定句 I am (not) from London. He is(not) a teacher. She is(not) in the dining room. My hair is(not) long. Her eyes are(not) small.

(3) 一般疑问句 Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t. Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t. Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.

用恰当的be动词填空。

1. I ______ a boy. ______ you a boy? No, I _____ not.

2. The girl______ Jack's sister.

3. The dog _______ tall and fat.

4. The man with big eyes _______ a teacher.

5. ______ your brother in the classroom?

6. Where _____ your mother? She ______ at home.

7. How _______ your father?

8. Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school.

9. Whose dress ______ this?

10. Whose socks ______ they?

11. That ______ my red skirt.

12. Who ______ I?

13.The jeans ______ on the desk.

14. Here ______ a scarf for you.

15. Here ______ some sweaters for you.

16. The black gloves ______ for Su Yang.

17. This pair of gloves ______ for Yang Ling.

18. The two cups of milk _____ for me.

19. Some tea ______ in the glass.

20. Gao shan's shirt _______ over there.

21. My sister's name ______Nancy.

22. This ______ not Wang Fang's pencil.

23. ______ David and Helen from England?

24. There ______ a girl in the room.

25. There ______ some apples on the tree.

26. _______ there any kites in the classroom?

27. _______ there any apple juice in the bottle?

28. There _______ some bread on the plate.

29. There _______ a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park.

30. You, he and I ______ from China.

 语法及练习2 人称代词和物主代词

人称代词和物主代词

1.人称代词主格和宾格的区别:主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前(有时候位于than 之后),宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。

2.物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别:形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词,名词性则单独使用,后面不带名词。

一.填写代词表主格。

二.用所给词的适当形式填空。

1. That is not _________ kite. That kite is very small, but _________ is very big. ( I )

2. The dress is _________. Give it to _________. ( she )

3. Is this _________ watch? (you) No, it’s not _________ . ( I )

4. _________ is my brother. ________ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _________. ( he )

5. _________ dresses are red. (we) What colour are _________? ( you )

6. Here are many dolls, which one is _________ ? ( she )

7. I can find my toy, but where’s _________? ( you )

8. Show _________ your kite, OK? (they)

9. I have a beautiful cat. _________name is Mimi. These cakes are _________. ( it )

10. Are these ________ tickets? No, ________ are not _________. ________ aren’t here. ( they ) 11. Shall _________ have a look at that classroom? That is _________ classroom. ( we )

12. _________ is my aunt. Do you know _________ job? _________ a nurse. ( she )

13. That is not _________ camera. _________is at home. ( he )

14. Where are _________? I can’t find _________. Let’s call _________ parents. ( they )

15. Don’t touch _________. _________ not a cat, _________ a tiger!

16. _________ sister is ill. Please go and get _________. ( she )

17. _________ don’t know her name. Would you please tell _________. ( we )

18. So many dogs. Let’s count _________. ( they )

19. I have a lovely brother. _________ is only 3. I like _________ very much. ( he )

20. May I sit beside _________? ( you )

21. Look at that desk. Those book are on _________. ( it )

22.The girl behind _________ is our friend. (she )

语法及练习3 名词复数和动词三单

一、名词复数规则

1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds

2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches

3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries

4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives

5.不规则名词复数: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese

练习:写出下列各词的复数。

I _________  him _________  this _______  her ______   watch _______ book_______

child _______ photo ________ diary ______   day________  foot________ dress ________ tooth_______ sheep ______   box_______  strawberry _____ thief _______yo-yo ______ peach______ sandwich ______ man______   woman_______ paper_______ people________

二.动词三单的变化规则

1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks

2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes

3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies

练习: 写出下列动词的第三人称单数。

drink ________   go _______   stay ________   make ________   look _________

have_______    pass_______   carry ____      come________    watch______

plant_______    fly ________   study_______   brush________    teach_______

语法及练习4 一般现在时

一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍   

一般现在时的功能  

1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。  

2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。  

3.表示客观现实。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。  

一般现在时的构成  

1. be动词:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如:I am a boy.我是一个男孩。  

2.行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如:We study English.我们学习英语。  

当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。  

一般现在时的变化

1. be动词的变化。否定句:主语+ be + not +其它。如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。  

一般疑问句:Be +主语+其它。如:-Are you a student?  -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.  

特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:Where is my bike?   

2.行为动词的变化。否定句:主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。如:I don't like bread.   当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesn't构成否定句。如:He doesn't often play.  

一般疑问句:Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。

如:- Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I don't.   

当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句。

如:- Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.   

特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:How does your father go to work?

一般现在时用法专练:

一、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。

1. He often ________(have) dinner at home.

2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One.

3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday.

4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.

5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup?

6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays?

7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day?

8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays.

9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening.

10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle.

11. Mike _______(like) cooking.

12. They _______(have) the same hobby.

13. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully.

14. You always _______(do) your homework well.

15. I _______(be) ill. I’m staying in bed.

16. She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday.

17. Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE.

18. The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening.

19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight lessons this term.

20. -What day _______(be) it today? - It’s Saturday.

二、按照要求改写句子。

1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句) ___________________________________________________

2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答) ________________________________________________________

3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句,作肯定回答) ___________________________

4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答) ___________________________________________________

5. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句) _______________________________________________________

6. He speaks English very well.(改为否定句) ___________________________________________________

7. I like taking photos in the park.(对划线部分提问) ________________________________________________________

8. John comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问) ___________________________________________________

9. She is always a good student.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答) ________________________________________________________

10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改为否定句) ___________________________________________________

三、改错(划出错误的地方,将正确的写在横线上)

1. Is your brother speak English? __________________

2. Does he likes going fishing? __________________

3. He likes play games after class. __________________

4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. __________________

5. She don’t do her homework on Sundays. _________________

语法及练习5 现在进行时

现在进行时

1.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。

2.现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.

3.现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。

4.现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。

5.现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为:疑问词不达意 + be + 主语 + 动词ing?

但疑问词当主语时其结构为: 疑问词不达意 + be + 动词ing?

动词加ing的变化规则

1.一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking

2.以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting

3.如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如:run-running, stop-stopping

现在进行时专项练习:

一、写出下列动词的现在分词:

play________  run__________  swim _________ make__________ go_________

like________  write________   ski___________  read________  have_________

sing ________ dance_________  put_________   see________    buy _________

love_________ live_______     take_________   come ________  get_________

stop_________ sit ________     begin________   shop___________

二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空:

1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.

2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom .

3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food now.

4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?

5. Look . They _______________( have) an English lesson .

6.They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now.

7.Look! the girls ________________(dance )in the classroom .

8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _________(listen ) to music.

9. It’s 5 o’clock now. We _____________(have)supper now 10.______Helen____________(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .

三、句型转换:

1. They are doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句) _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________

2.The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答) _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________

3.I’m playing the football in the playground .(对划线部分进行提问) _________________________________________________________________

4.Tom is reading books in his study . (对划线部分进行提问) _________________________________________________________________

语法及练习6 将来时

将来时

一、概念:

表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow(后天)等。

二、基本结构:①be going to + do; ②will+ do.

三、否定句:在be动词(am, is, are)l后加not或情态动词will后加not成won’t。

例如:I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.→ I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon. 四、一般疑问句: be或will提到句首,some改为any, and改为or,第一二人称互换。

例如:We are going to go on an outing this weekend. → Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?

五、对划线部分提问:一般情况,一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。

1. 问人。Who 例如:I’m going to New York soon. →Who’s going to New York soon.

2. 问干什么。What … do.例如: My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon. →What is your father going to do with you this afternoon.

3. 问什么时候。When.例如:She’s going to go to bed at nine. →When is she going to bed? 六、同义句:be going to = will

I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.

练习:填空。

1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。

I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends.

I ________ have a picnic with my friends.

2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。

What ________ ________ _________ _________ _________ next Monday?

I _______ ______ _____ play basketball. What _________ you do next Monday?

I ________ play basketball.

3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗?是,她要去买一些水果。

_____ your mother _______ ________ go shopping this ___________? Yes, she _________. She ______ ________ __________ buy some fruit.

4. 你们打算什么时候见面。

What time _______ you _________ __________ meet?

改句子。

5. Nancy is going to go camping.(改否定)

Nancy ________ going to go camping.

6. I’ll go and join them.(改否定)

I _______ go ______ join them.

7. I’m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.(改一般疑问句)

________ _______ ________ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?

8. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.(改一般疑问句)

_______ ________ meet at the bus stop at 10:30.

9. She is going to listen to music after school.(对划线部分提问)

________ _______ she ________ ________ _________ after school?

10. My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上) _________ _________ going to see a play the day after tomorrow.

用所给词的适当形式填空。

11. Today is a sunny day. We ___________________ (have) a picnic this afternoon.

12. My brother _______________ (go) to Shanghai next week.

13. Tom often ______________(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He ______________ (go) to school by bike.

14. What do you usually do at weekends? I usually ________ (watch) TV and ________(catch) insects?

15. It’s Friday today. What _____she _________ (do) this weekend? She ______________ (watch) TV and _____________ (catch) insects.

16. What ___________ (d0) you do last Sunday? I ____________ (pick) apples on a farm.

 What ______________ (do) next Sunday? I ______________ (milk) cows.

17. Mary ____________ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow.

18. Liu Tao ____________ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday.

19. David ______________ (give) a puppet show next Monday.

20. I ________________ (plan) for my study now.

语法及练习7 一般过去时

一般过去时

1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。

2.Be动词在一般过去时中的变化:

⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasn’t)

⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=weren’t)

⑶带有was或were的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。

3.句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子

否定句:didn’t +动词原形,如:Jim didn’t go home yesterday.

一般疑问句:在句首加did,句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如:Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑问句:⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形?如: What did Jim do yesterday?

⑵疑问词当主语时:疑问词+动词过去式?如:Who went to home yesterday?

动词过去式变化规则:

1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked

2.结尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted

3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped

4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i, 再加-ed,如:study-studied

5.不规则动词过去式: am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat

过去时练习:写出下列动词的过去式

is\am_________  fly_______  plant________  are ________  drink_________

play_______    go________  make ________ does_________  dance________

worry________  ask _____   taste_________  eat__________ draw________

put ______    throw________ kick_________  pass_______   do ________

Be动词的过去时练习

一、用be动词的适当形式填空。

1. I ______ an English teacher now.

2. She _______ happy yesterday.

3. They _______ glad to see each other last month.

4. Helen and Nancy ________ good friends.

5. The little dog _____ two years old this year.

6. Look, there ________ lots of grapes here.

7. There ________ a sign on the chair on Monday.

8. Today _____ the second of June. Yesterday ______ the first of June. It _____ Children’s Day. All the students ______ very excited.

二、句型转换。

1. There was a car in front of the house just now.

否定句:________________________________________________

一般疑问句:____________________________________________

肯、否定回答:__________________________________________

三、 中译英。

1.我的故事书刚才还在手表旁边。 ___________________________________________________________

2.他们的外套上个礼拜放在卧室里了。 ___________________________________________________________

3.一会以前花园里有两只小鸟。 ___________________________________________________________

行为动词的过去时练习

一、用be动词的适当形式填空。

1. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.

2. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night.

3. We _________ to zoo yesterday, we _____ to the park. (go)

4. ______ you _______ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?

5. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______.

6. Gao Shan _______ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.

7. I ____________ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother ______.

8. What ______ she _______ (find) in the garden last morning? She __________ (find) a beautiful butterfly.

二、句型转换。

1. They played football in the playground.

否定句:________________________________________________

一般疑问句:____________________________________________

肯、否定回答:__________________________________________

三、中译英。

1. 格林先生去年住在中国。 ________________________________________________________

2. 昨天我们参观了农场。 ________________________________________________________

3. 他刚才在找他的手机。 ________________________________________________________

过去时综合练习(1)

一、 用动词的适当形式填空。

1. It ______ (be) Ben’s birthday last Friday.

2. We all ______ (have) a good time last night.

 3. He ________ (jump) high on last Sports Day.

4. Helen ________ (milk) a cow on Friday.

5. She likes ______ newspapers, but she ______ a book yesterday. (read)

6. He _______ football now, but they _______ basketball just now. (play)

7. Jim’s mother _________ (plant) trees just now.

8. _______ they ________ (sweep) the floor on Sunday? No, they _____.

9. I _______ (watch) a cartoon on Monday.

10. We ___________ (go) to school on Sunday.

二、 中译英。

1. 我们上周五看了一部电影。 _________________________________________________________

2. 他上个中秋节走亲访友了吗?是的。 _________________________________________________________

3. 你们上个儿童节做了什么?我们参观了动物园。 _________________________________________________________

4. 你上周在哪儿?在野营基地。 _________________________________________________________

过去时综合练习

一、用动词的适当形式填空。

1. It _____ (be) the 2nd of November yesterday. Mr White ________ (go) to his office by car.

2. Gao Shan ________ (put) the book on his head a moment ago.

3. Don’t ______ the house. Mum _______ it yesterday. (clean)

4. What ____ you ______ just now? I _______ some housework. (do)

5. They _________ (make) a kite a week ago.

6. I want to ______ apples. But my dad _______ all of them last month. (pick)

7. _______ he ______ the flowers this morning? Yes, he _____. (water)

8. She ____ (be) a pretty girl. Look, she _____ (do) Chinese dances.

9. The students often _________ (draw) some pictures in the art room.

10.What ______ Mike do on the farm? He ________ cows. (milk)

二、中译英。

1. 他的朋友在照看他的弟弟。 _________________________________________________________

2. 去年端午节我们没去看了龙舟比赛。 _________________________________________________________

3. 他在音乐课上拉小提琴了吗?不,没有。 _________________________________________________________

语法及练习8 There be 句型与have, has

There be 句型与have, has的区别

1、There be 句型表示:在某地有某物(或人)

2、在there be 句型中,主语是单数,be 动词用is ; 主语是复数,be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品,be 动词根据最*近be 动词的那个名词决定。

3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。

4、there be句型与have(has) 的区别:there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。

5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用:some 用于肯定句, any 用于否定句或疑问句。 6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用:and 用于肯定句, or 用于否定句或疑问句。

7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是: How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语? How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语?

8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是: What’s + 介词短语?

Fill in the blank with “have,has”or “there is , there are”

1. I________a good father and a good mother.

2. ____________a telescope on the desk.

3. He_________a tape-recorder.

4. _____________a basketball in the playground.

5. She__________some dresses.

6. They___________a nice garden.

7. What do you___________?

8. ______________a reading-room in the building?

9. What does Mike___________?

10. ______________any books in the bookcase?

11. My father_________a story-book.

12. _______________a story-book on the table.

13. _______________any flowers in the vase?

14. How many students____________in the classroom?

15. My parents___________some nice pictures.

16. _____________some maps on the wall.

17. ______________a map of the world on the wall.

18. David__________a telescope.

19. David’s friends___________some tents.

20. ______________many children on the hill.

Fill in the blank with “ have, has ”

1. I_________ a nice puppet.

2. He_________a good friend.

3. They__________ some masks.

4. We___________some flowers.

5. She___________ a duck.

6. My father____________ a new bike.

7. Her mother___________a vase.

8. Our teacher_________ an English book.

9. Our teachers___________a basketball.

10. Their parents___________some blankets

11. Nancy_________many skirts.

12. David__________some jackets.

13. My friends__________a football.

14. What do you__________?

15. What does Mike__________?

16. What do your friends___________?

17. What does Helen___________?

18. His brother________a basketball.

19. Her sister_________a nice doll.

20. Miss Li__________an English book.

小升初英语毕业总复习各册知识点之四年级下册

四年级下册知识点

  第一单元:

  一、对应词

  my –your           I –you     our—your     this – that    here –there

  yes—no    come—go    teacher—student   boy—girl   his—her

  二、知识点

  1、表示在几楼上,要用介词on,如on the first floor.在一楼。

    The first表示第一的,序数词在使用时前面一定要加the,表示事物的排列顺序。

  2、介绍离自己近的事物时用this is …., 介绍离自己比较远的事物时用that is…如:This is my computer. 这是我的计算机。That is your computer.那是你的计算机。

  3、how many…?多少? 用来询问物品的数量有多少,后面只能跟名词的复数形式。如How many books do you have?你有多少本书?

  4、当表示有一个时,名词的前面可以用a或者an.元音前用an , 辅音前用a.如 an apple 一个苹果   an orange 一个橙子

  a pear 一个梨  a dog 一只狗

  5、当用Is this…? Is that…?提问时,一般用肯定回答是:Yes, it is .否定是: No , it isn’t.

  第二单元:

  1、同义词: supper ===dinner 晚饭

  2、say (第三人称单数)――says

  3、同义句:What time is it? ===What’s the time?现在几点了?

  4、Let’s …后面直接跟动词的原形。如:Let’s go!  让我们走吧!

   Let’s clean the classroom.让我们打扫教室吧!

  5、It’s time for …后面跟名词。如:It’s time for dinner. 该吃晚饭了。

   It’s time for English class. 该上英语课了。

  It’s time to…后面跟动词。如:It’s time to eat dinner. 该吃晚饭了。

  It’s time to have English class. 该上英语课了。

  第三单元:

  1、对应词:put on -- take off   white—black   these--those

  2、特殊疑问词What colour ?什么颜色?用来问物体的颜色,回答时一定要有表示颜色的词语。如:What colour is your bag? It’s blue.

  3、Who 和Whose的区别:

   Who 谁。用来问人是谁。如:Who is that girl? 那个女孩是谁?She is my sister.她是我的姐姐。

  Who is that tall man?那个高个子男人是谁?He is my father.他是我的爸爸。

  Whose 谁的。 用来询问物品是谁的。在回答Whose引领的问题时,如果答案有人名,要在人名的后面加 ‘s, 其中的’s 表示“某人的”。如:Whose shirt is this? 这是谁的衬衣?

   It’s Mike’s . 它是mike的。

  Whose bike is blue? 谁的书包是蓝色的? My bag is blue. 我的书包是蓝色的。

  4、have(第三人称单数)――has

  5、pants , socks , shoes , shorts , jeans 这些单词都是成双成对出现的,所以在句子中一般都是复数形式。如:

  These are my shoes.这是我的鞋子。

  Those are your socks. 那是你的袜子。

  6、人称代词和名词性物主代词对应:

   我 I  我的 my             你you     你的 your

    他 he   他的his              她she     她的 her

   我们 we  我们的 our         你们you   你们的 your

  他们they    他们的 their         她们they   她们的 their

  人称代词一般在句中用作主语。

  物主代词一般后面加名词。

  第四单元:

  一、对应词:

  close—open     put on—take off     cold—hot    warm—cool

  复数形式:foot—feet (脚)   

  二、表示天气的几个形容词都是同是由相应的名词变化而来的,它们的对应形式是:

  名词形式      形容词形式

  rain 雨       rainy 下雨的

  snow雪       snowy 下雪的

  wind 风       windy 有风的

  cloud 云       cloudy 有云的

  sun 阳光      sunny 晴朗的

  三、一般疑问句Can you…?的回答形式有两种,肯定回答是:Yes, I can. 否定回答是: No, I can’t.  

    一般疑问句Can I …? 的回答形式也有两种,肯定回答是:Yes, you can. 否定回答是: No, you can’t. 

  四、同义词: How about …? ===What about …? 怎么样?

  五、当问某个地方的天气如何时,要用What’s the weather like in +地名?

  如:What’s the weather like in Beijing?北京的天气怎么样?

  第五单元:

  一、Can I help you ? 是一般购物时,售货员的礼貌用语。

  二、How much 与How many 的区别:

  1、How much 意思是多少钱?用来问物品的价格。在回答时一般要有表示价钱的单位。如:

  问一件物品的价钱时用How much is …?

  How much is this jacket? 这件夹克衫多少钱?

  It’s  forty-five yuan. 它是45元。

  问多件物品的价钱时用How much are …?

  How much are these books? 这些书多少钱? 

  They are ninety-nine yuan. 它们是99元。

  2、How many 意思是多少。用来询问物品的数量有多少,后面跟名词的复数形式,回答时一般数字后面没有单位。如:

  How many cows do you have? 你有多少头奶牛?

  I have 12. 我有12头。

  How many horses are there ? 那儿有多少匹马?

  They are 12.  有12匹。

  第六单元:

  一、复数形式

  sheep—sheep (绵羊)  hen—hens(母鸡)   lamb—lambs(羊羔)

  goat—goats(山羊) cow—cows(奶牛) horse—horses(马)

  goose—geese(鹅)  foot—feet(脚)   tooth—teeth(牙齿)

  二、可数名词变复数的规则:

  1、一般情况下,在单数名词词尾加“s”.如:

  cat—cats   dog—dogs   book—books   ruler—rulers

  2、在以s, ss , x , sh , ch 结尾的名词后面加“es”,如:

  box—boxes    peach—peaches    bus—buses    class—classes

  3、在以o结尾的单词后面加“es”,如:

  tomato—tomatoes    potato—potatoes  

  4、以元音字母加y结尾的名词,直接加“s”如:

  boy—boys    toy—toys    day—days

  以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,去掉y后加“ies”,如:

  baby—babies    lady—ladies    butterfly—butterflies

  5、以f, fe结尾的名词,去掉f或fe后加“ves”,如:

  shelf—shelves   leaf—leaves   knife—knives

  三、I like…后面要加可数名词的复数形式或者不可数名词,如:

  I like apples . 我喜欢苹果。

  I like chicken.我喜欢鸡肉。

  四、特殊疑问句:What are these?    What are those ?  What are they?在回答时,都要用“They are…”

  What is this ?  What is that?   What is it ? 在回答时都要用It’s a (an )…

  一般疑问句:Are these …?  Are those …?   Are they…?的回答形式也都是一样的,肯定回答:Yes, they are. 否定回答:No, they aren’t.

  一般疑问句:Is this a(an) …?  Is that a(an ) …?   Is it a(an)…?的回答形式也都是一样的,肯定回答:Yes, it is. 否定回答:No, it isn’t.

小升初英语毕业总复习各册知识点之五年级上册

五年级上册主要知识点

    第一单元:

  1、以字母y结尾的名词变复数,如果字母y的前面是元音(a, e , i, o, u),就在y后面直接加s。如:boy—boys.  如果字母y前面是辅音,则把y变为i, 再加es. 如:lady—ladies city—cities   story--stories.

  2、动词的第三人称单数:(所谓第三人称单数,就是指既不是你也不是我的另外一个人,可以是具体的人名,他,她,或它,也可以是称呼类,如my mother, my friend等。当一个句子中的人物是第三人称单数,并且这个句子又是一般现在时态时,该句子中的动词要使用第三人称单数形式。)

  have—has   like—likes    do—does    go—goes  watch--watches

  3、词语变化:fun(形容词形式)――funny  funny(名词形式)――fun know(同音词)――no

  he(宾格形式)---him    

  反义词:tall—short    long—short   young—old    new—old    strong—thin   fat—thin

  kind—strict   active—quiet 

  4、be like与do like: 在本单元中,What’s …like?的句型是主句型,这里的like是“像…一样”的意思. What’s …like?是问某某长得什么样子,同学们千万别和like的另一个意思“喜欢”相混了。它的答语一般用:He/She/ It is…(后面跟描写人的外貌特征的词语),如:What’s your father like?你爸爸长得什么样子?。而在do like的句子中,like的意思才是“喜欢”的意思。如:What does your father like? 你爸爸喜欢什么?

  

  第二单元:

  1、当询问别人喜欢哪些课程时,classes应当用复数形式,因为别人喜欢的课程可能不止一门。What classes do you like? 你喜欢哪门课程?

  2、表示星期几的七个单词,开头第一个字母都要大写。其简写形式为前三个字母加点。

  week 星期,周。(一周包括七天)

  How many days are there in a week? There are 7.一个星期有几天?七天。

  Weekend周末(包括周六和周日)

  How many days are there in a weekend? There are 2.一个周末有几天? 2天。

  在英语国家中,一个星期的第一天是星期天Sunday. The first day of a week is Sunday.

  3、当介词in, on ,at 后面跟表示时间的词语时,表示在某年或某月(当只有年和月的时候),用in.如 in May在五月。In 1988,在1988年。表示在某段时间,如在上午,下午,晚上也用in.如in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening. 表示在某日,在星期几时,用on。如on Monday, on Sunday . 表示在几点几分,在具体时间时,用at. 如at 6:30,  at 9 o’clock.

  4、近义词:often(经常)—usually(常常,通常)

  5、play with 和…在一起,with后面常用人称代词的宾格形式。 如:I can play ping-pong with you.我可以和你一起打乒乓球。

  6. I like Mondays. John likes Sundays. 这里的likes是like的三单形式,在一般现在时的句子中,如果主语是第三人称单数,注意动词要变成三单形式。

  7、Today is Sunday. I like Sundays. 在这个句子中,前一个星期日Sunday是特指“今天是星期一”,所以用单数形式,而后一个星期日Sundays是泛指所有的星期日,所以用复数形式。

  

  第三单元:

  1、What would you like for lunch? 你午饭想吃什么?“for”:为了。后面要接名词或人称代词的宾格形式。  如:I’d like some tomatoes and mutton。我想吃一些西红柿和羊肉。

  2、some与any的区别:

  (1)巧记:肯定句中用 some,请求邀请委婉时,some 用于疑问句;

            否定疑问用 any, 肯定句中用 any,任何一个接单数。

  (2)它俩都是“一些”的意思,后面既可接可数名词复数,又可接不可数名词,但用法有区别。

  some  用于肯定句。但当表示请求、邀请、语气委婉,希望对方得到对方肯定回答时,可用于疑问句,此时句中常出现情态动词 can, may, could, would. any 用于否定句和疑问句。  如:

  A:Could  I  have  some  meat?

  B:Sorry, you  can't  have  any  meat.  There  isn't  any.

  (3)如果名词前有冠词、指示代词、物主代词等限定词修饰时,则只能用 some of,表示“……中的一些。

  Some  of  the  apples  are  hard  to  reach.

  Some  of  your  teachers  are  not  young.

  (4)注意:

  any 也可用在肯定句中, 此时后面接可数名词的单数, 意为 “任何一个”。如:

  You  can  ask  any  student  in  our  class.

  You  can  choose  any  subject.

  3、I have eggplant and tomatoes for lunch. 我午饭吃茄子和西红柿。

   这里的eggplant是指一道菜,是被切碎了的,熟的,所以这里的eggplant是不可数名词,不能用复数形式。

  一日三餐的英语说法:  breakfast 早饭 lunch 午饭  dinner 晚饭

  西红柿tomato 和土豆potato在指一道菜的时候,一定要用复数形式。

  如:I have tomatoes and potatoes for lunch on Mondays .

  4、下列单词的形容词形式:

  salt― salty(咸的) health― healthy(有用的)  taste― tasty(好吃的)

  5、同义词:have to (不得不)---must(必须)

  同义句: What’s your favourite food? ==Which food do you like best?

  6、What’s your favourite food?后面一般跟表示集合的名词,如:food食物  fruit 水果   drink饮料  colour颜色 class课程   book书   sport运动 vegetable蔬菜   animal动物number数字   day天,日子

  

  第四单元:

  1、当你想询问别人会干什么时, 用What can you do? 答句有肯定形式:Yes, I can . 否定形式:No, I can’t.

  当你想知道他人会干什么时,可用What can he do ? 或者What can she do ? 答句有肯定形式:Yes, he can ./ Yes, she can. 否定形式:No, he can’t./No, she can’t.

  2、I can …变为一般疑问句:Can you …?           He can…或She can …变为一般疑问句:Can he …/ Can  she …? 其中的he , she 也可以变为其他具体的人物。如 My mother can cook the meals. 变为一般疑问句:Can your mother cook the meals?

  3、help (形容词形式)――helpful     helpful (动词形式)――help

  4、当句子中出现了助动词can或其否定形式can’t时,其他的动词要用原型。

  

  第五六单元:

  1、There be 句型包括There is a …句型和there are …句型两种。There is a …句型表示有一个,后面跟名词单数。如There is a mirror on the wall.

  There are …句型表示有多个,后面一般接具体数字或some , many,再后面跟名词复数,如 There are two end tables near the bed.

  There be 句型又叫存在句型,它一般表示在某地有某物。在翻译中文句子时,一般情况下,只要中文句子表达的是“存在”性质的“有”,就要用there be 句型来翻译。如:有一个垃圾桶在门的后面。There is a trash bin behind the door.

  There be 句型和一般句型可以相互转换。如:

  (1)   把下列句子用There be 句型改写:

  The computer is on the desk.

  ――There is a computer on the desk.

  (2)        把下面的句子改为一般句型。

  There is a mirror over the bed.――

  The mirror is over the bed.

  2、There be 句型中使用单数句式还是复数句式遵循就近原则。即离There 最近的名词是单数时用There is a ….离There 最近的名词是复数时,用There are …,不管最后面的名词是单词还是复数,都不去管它,如:

  (1)有一个讲台和许多课桌在教室里。There is a teacher’s desk and many desks in the classroom.

  (2) 有许多课桌和一个讲台在教室里。There are many desks and a teacher’s desk in the classroom.

  3、on 与over的区别:on 在…上面。表示与下面的物体互相接触,紧挨着。

  over在…上面,表示与下面的物体不接触,两个物体之间有一定的距离。

  20、There be 的单数形式在变为一般疑问句时,将助动词be提前,与there交换位置,如句中有第一人称代词,变为第二人称,将句末的句号变为问号,其他不变。如:There is a closet near the bed.----Is there a closet near the bed?

  There is a river in my village.----Is there a river in your village?

     There be 的复数形式在变为一般疑问句时,将助动词be提前,与there交换位置,然后将句中some或many变为any, 如句中有第一人称代词,变为第二人称,再将句末的句号变为问号,其他不变。 

  如:There are some fish in the river.----Are there any fish in the river?

  4、There be 句型表示“有”和have, has表示“有”的区别:

  There be 句型表示“有”的意思,表示在某个地方有什么,它表示的一种存在。如:There is a bag on the desk. 有一个书包在课桌上。

  There are many book on the desk. 有许多书在课桌上。

  Have, has 表示“有”的意思,表示一种占有,拥有的关系,一般表示某人有某物。当主语人称是第三人称单数时用has, 其他时候用have.如:

  I have a new pen. 我有一支新钢笔。

  He has a big schoolbag. 他有一个大书包。

  5、示在树上时,in 与on 的不同用法:

  当表示人或其他动物在树上时,用in. 当表示树本身的东西如树叶、果实在树上时,用on。如:The bird is in the big tree and the apple is on the small tree. 

  6、一些特殊疑问词的意义与用法:

  (1)what什么,用来问是什么,叫什么,干什么,什么样等。如:What is this? 这是什么?  What’s your name? 你叫什么名字?  What’s your father like?你爸爸长得什么样子? What’s your mother?你妈妈是干什么的?

  (2)Where哪里,用来问在什么地方。如Where are you from?你来自哪里?  Where is my ruler?我的尺子在哪里?

  (3)Who谁,用来问人物是谁?如:Who’s that man?那个男人是谁?

  Who’s your math teacher? 你的数学老师是谁?

  (4)Whose 谁的,用来问东西是谁的。如:Whose book is this? 这是谁的书? Whose father is a farmer?谁的爸爸是农民?  

  Whose bike is blue?谁的自行车是蓝色的?

  (5)What time什么时间。用来问具体时间是几点。

  如:What time is this?现在几点了?

  (6)What colour什么颜色。用来问物体是什么颜色的。

  如:What colour is your bag?你的书包是什么颜色的?

  (7)When 什么时候。用来问时间,后面常跟动词。

  如:When do you get up?你什么时候起床?

  (8)How 怎么样。用来问人的身体状况。

  如:How are you? 你好吗?

  How is your mother?你妈妈好吗?

  (9)How many多少.用来问物体的数量。

  如:How many books do you have?你有多少本书?

     How many days are there in a week?

  一个星期有几天?

  (10)How much 多少钱。用来问商品或物体的价格。

  如:How much is your schoolbag?你的书包多少钱?   

  How much is this book?这本书多少钱?

  (11)Which哪一个。用来问具体的哪一个。

  如:Which class do you like best?你最喜欢哪一门课程?

  Which Class are you in ?你在哪个班级?I am in Class two.我在二班。

  Which Grade are you in ?你在哪个年级?I am in Grade six。我在六年级。

  Which Grade is your sister in ? 你妹妹在哪个年级?

  She is in Grade 4.她在四年级。

  (表示年级或班级的单词Grade, Class在答语中必须大写第一个字母。)

  7、以系动词be( am , is , are ) 和助动词can , do等开头的一般疑问句,在答语中首先要用 yes或no做出正误判断,后面必须出现问句开头的系动词或助动词,当问句中出现第一人称代词时,还要变为第二人称。

  如: Are you a student?  Yes, I am.  (No, I am not.)

     Is your sister a teacher?  Yes, she is. ( No, she isn’t.)

     Am I a teacher?  Yes, you are.  ( No, you aren’t.)

     Do you have new teachers? Yes, we do. ( No, we don’t.)

     Does Amy have new teachers ?  Yes, she does. (No, she doesn’t.)

     Can you wash the clothes? Yes, I can. (No, I can’t.)

     Can your brother set the table? Yes, he can.  (No, he can’t.)

     Can your friend make the bed? Yes, she can.  ( No, she can’t)

 小升初英语毕业总复习各册知识点之五年级下册

第一单元知识点

  一、主要单词:  

  do morning exercises 晨练,做早操  eat breakfast吃早饭

  have English class上英语课  play sports进行体育活动 

  eat dinner吃晚饭  eat lunch吃午饭  climb mountains 爬山   

  go  shopping购物,买东西   play the piano 弹钢琴 

  visit grandparents  看望(外)祖父母  

  go hiking去远足

  二、主要句子: When do you eat dinner?你什么时候吃晚饭?

  I eat dinner at 7:00 in the evening. 我晚上七点吃晚饭。

  When do you get up?  你什么时候起床?

  I usually get up at 12:00 at noon.我通常在中午12点起床。 

   What do you do on the weekend?你在周末干什么?

  Usually I watch TV and go shopping. 我通常看电视和购物。

  Sometimes I visit my grandparents.有时候我去看望我的外祖父母。 

  I often play football. 我经常踢足球。

  Sometimes I go hiking.有时候我去远足。

  三、        同义词

  eat breakfast—have breakfast      eat lunch—have lunch   eat dinner—have dinner    play sports—do sports     

  usually—often

  复数形式:policeman—policemen    policewoman—policewomen

  现在分词:tell—telling

  三单:say—says

   同义句:What do you do ? ---What are you? 你是干什么的?

  四、表示频度的副词:always 总是,一直  usually 通常,常常 

  often 经常 sometimes 有时候

  五、以复数形式出现的词组:visit grandparents     plant trees

  六、介词后跟表示时间的词语时,表示在某年、某月、某个季节,某个时候(在上午,在下午,在晚上)用in;表示在某一天,在星期几用on,在具体的几点几分用at.

  七、too 和either的用法区别:too和either都是“也”的意思,但too用于肯定句,either用于否定句。

  第二单元知识点

  一、主要单词:

  season季节   spring春天  summer夏天  fall冬天  

  winter冬天  swim游泳  fly kites 放风筝  skate滑冰

  make a snowman堆雪人  plant trees 种树

  主要句子:Which season do you like best?你最喜欢哪个季节? 

  I like winter best.我最喜欢冬天。 

  Summer is good, but fall is my favourite season。 

  夏天是很好,但是冬天是我最喜爱的季节。   

  Why do you like summer? 你为什么喜欢夏天?

   Because I can swim in the lake.因为我可以在湖里游泳。 

  Why do you like winter? 你为什么喜欢冬天?

  Because I can sleep a long time. 因为我可以睡很长时间的觉。

  三、同义词:autumn—fall 

  三单:say—says    ask—asks    come—comes  

  对应词:wake up—sleep     go to bed—get up

  同义句:What’s your favourite season?(你最喜爱的季节是什么?)----Which season do you like best?(你最哪个季节?)

  四、play with 玩雪,play in the snow在雪中玩 . 如果在横线后面有the ,则选择in , 如果在横线后面没有the , 则选择 with.

  五、like后面不能直接跟动词。如果需要跟动词或动词性词组时,则需在like后面加to. 如果不加to. 就要把后面的动词变成相应的动名词形式. 如:I like to swim ===I like swimming.

  六、当表示某地某个季节的天气情况时,要把季节放在前面,地点放在后面。其结构为:What’s the weather like in 季节in 地点?

  第三单元知识点

  一、主要单词:January (Jan.)  February (Feb.)  March (Mar.)  April(Apr.)  May  June  July  August(Aug.)  September(Sept.)  October( Oct.)   November (Nov.)   December ( Dec.)

  二、主要句子

  1. When is your birthday?你的生日是什么时候It’s in May. 在五月。

  2. My birthday is in June. Uncle Bill’s birthday is in June, too.我的生日在六月。比尔叔叔的生日也在六月。

  3. Is her birthday in June? 她的生日在六月吗?Yes. 是的。

  4.What’s the date? 是几月几日?June 9th .六月九日。

  5. What’s the date today? 今天是几月几日?

  It’s April 10th. 四月十日。

  三、主要知识点:1、关于月份:(1)五月May , 六月June, 七月July,没有简写形式。九月September 的简写形式是前四个字母加点Sept. 其他八个月的简写形式是前三个字母加点。(2)无论是完全形式还是简写形式,表示12个月的单词的第一个字母都要大写。

  2、关于基数词变序数词。(1)一般情况下,直接在基数词后面加th. (one , two , three 除外)。one—first , two—second , three—third . (2) 以ve结尾的基数词,变ve为f, 再加th. 如:five—fifth , twelve—twelfth.  (3)以t结尾的基数词,直接加h。如eight—eighth. (4) 以不发音的字母e结尾的,丢掉不发音的字母e,再加th. 如 nine—ninth. (5) 以y结尾的整十数,在变为序数词时,将y变为ie, 再加th. 如twenty—twentieth .(6)20以上的两位数,变为序数词时,十位数不变,只将个位上的数变为序数词。如:twenty-one----twenty-first ,

  twenty-two—twenty-second ,  thirty-four—thirty-fourth . 

  (7)序数词的简写形式为表示该词的阿拉伯数字加上该单词的最后两个字母,最后两个字母要变成上标格式。如:first—1st , second—2nd ,  third—3rd ,  fourth—4th . twentieth—20th

  3. 在回答When is your birthday?这个问题时,如果只说明生日在几月份,在月份前用in.如 My birthday is in July. 如果要具体说明生日是在几月几日,则要把in去掉,直接用is,或者在is后加on。如My birthday is June 9th. 或My birthday is on June 9th .

  4.注意区分两个句子:What day is it today ?今天星期几? What’s the date today? 今天是几月几日?

  5. 根据要求写单词:

  make (现在分词)---making.    send( 现在分词)---sending.

  6.句子:How many birthdays are in October ?有几个人的生日在十月?   There are 3.

  7. My birthday is in February .

  (变为一般疑问句)---Is your birthday in February?

  8. Does she have a computer? 她有计算机吗?当第三人称单数和句子中出现了does时,其他动词必须使用原型。

  9、读序数词时,前面一定要加the. 如 October 1st .读作October the first.

  10、同义句:

  Who has a birthday in October?===Whose birthday is in October?

  第四单元知识点

  一、主要单词:

  draw pictures 画画   drawing pictures 正在画画  

  do the dishes 洗碗碟  doing the dishes正在洗碗碟

  cook dinner 做饭  cooking dinner 正在做饭

  read a book 读书   reading a book 正在读书

  answer the phone 接电话  answering the phone 正在接电话

  listen to music 听音乐   listening ti music 正在听音乐

  wash clothes 洗衣服   washing clothes 正在洗衣服

  clean the room 打扫房间  cleaning the room 正在打扫房间

  write a letter  写信    writing a letter  正在写信

  write an e-mail 写电子邮件writing an e-mail正在写电子邮件

  二、主要句子:

  1. This is Zhang Peng .(电话用语)我是张朋。

  What are you doing?你正在干什么?

  2.I’m doing the dishes.我正在洗碗碟。

  I’m reading a book。我正在读书。

  3.Grandpa is writing a letter。 爷爷正在写信。

  Brother is doing homework. 弟弟正在做作业。

  4.Mom is cooking dinner in the kitchen.妈妈正在厨房里做饭。

  5.Dad is writing an e-mail in the study.

  爸爸正在书房里写电子邮件。

  三、知识点:

  1、在电话中介绍自己时,可以用“It’s … ”或者‘This is ….’。但是不能用“I am …”或者“My name is …”

  2.在电话中表另一个人接电话时,应该说:“Can I speak to …?”

  3、告诉别人接电话时,说:There is a call for you.

  4、在接电话时请别人稍候说:Hold on please.或者Please hold on.

  5、动词变为现在分词(加ing)的规则:

  (1)    一般情况下,在动词的后面直接加ing. 如:play—playing 

  clean—cleaning    draw—drawing    cook—cooking

  (2) 以单个不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去掉不发音的字母e,再加ing .

  如:write—writing   come—coming   take—taking   make—making   leave—leaving   have—having    

  (3) 以重读闭音世结尾的动词,如果词尾只有一个辅音字母,则要先双写这个辅音字母,再加ing. 如: run—running     swim—swimming  put—putting  sit—sitting   set—setting

  第五单元知识点

  一、主要单词

  fly 飞    flying 正在飞    walk 走   walking 正在走   jump跳 jumping正在跳   run跑 running 正在跑   

  swim 游泳 swimming 正在游 climb爬  climbing 正在爬   fight 打架 fighting 正在打架  swing荡秋千

  swinging 正在荡秋千drink water喝水drinking water 正在喝水

  二、主要句子:

  1. What is it doing? 它正在干什么?

   It’s eating bananas.它正在吃香蕉。

  2. What is she doing? 她正在干什么?

   She is jumping. 她正在跳。

  3. What are they doing? 它们正在干什么?

  They are swimming.它们不瞅正在游泳。

  They are climbing trees.它们正在爬树。

  三、主要知识点:

  1、在英语中,当表示妈妈时,无论是人类妈妈还是动植物的妈妈,都可以用she . 而表示婴儿时,也都可以用it.

  2、系动词be 的用法:我是am你是are, is跟着他她它。如果人称是复数,扑面一律都用are. 

  如:I am reading a book.       He is cooking dinner.

     We are doing an experiment.     Are you eating lunch?

  3、With 除了表示和…一起外,还可以表示“使用”,如:

  That elephant is drinking water with its trunk.大象正在用它的象鼻喝水。

  I am writing with my pen.我正在用我的钢笔写字。

  4、当句子中出现了can时,动词一定要用原形。

  如:Can tigers really swim?

   I can wash the clothes.我会洗衣服。 

   I am washing clothes.我正在洗衣服。

  5、can , usually , often , sometimes , always 这几个单词都是一般现在时的好朋友,当句子中出现了它们时,动词一般都要用原形。

  now,  am , is , are 这几个单词都是现在进行时的好朋友,当句子中出现了它们时,动词要用现在分词形式,也就是ing形式。

  第六单元知识点

  一、主要单词

  pick up leaves 采摘树叶  picking up leaves 正在采摘树叶

  catch butterflies 捉蝴蝶 catching butterflies  正在捉蝴

  take pictures  照相    taking  pictures  正在照相

  watch insects 观察昆虫  watching  insects  正在观察昆虫  

  do an experiment 做实验  doing  an experiment  正在做实验

  have a picnic 举行野餐 having a picnic 正在举行野餐

  count insects 数昆虫        counting  insects  正在数昆虫

  write a report 写报告   writing a report 正在写报告 

  collect leaves 收集树叶  collecting  leaves  正在收集树叶 

  play chess 下棋    playing chess 正在下棋

  二、主要句子

  1. Are you eating lunch ?你们正在吃午饭吗?

  No, we aren’t.不,我们不是。

  2. Are they eating the honey? 它们正在吃蜂蜜吗?

  Yes, they are.是的,它们是。

  3. Is he playing chess? 他正在下棋吗?

  Yes, he is. 是的,他是。

  4.  Is she writing a report? 她正在写报告吗?

  No, she isn’t. 不,她不是。

  三、主要知识点:

  1、现在进行时的句子变一般疑问句时,只要将系动词be(am is are )和主语交换位置,将句末的句号变为问号,但是要注意第一人称和第二人称时,人称和系动词的相应变化。

  如:I am reading a book? ------Are you reading a book?

    You’re walking . -----Am I waling?

    He is cooking dinner . -------Is he cooking dinner?

  2、表示用什么做个实验时,要用on。如 Do an experiment on me , please.

  3. It’s time to 后跟动词的原形,It’s time for 后跟名词。

  如:It’s time to go to school. 该去上学了。(到了去上学的时间了。)

   It’s time for English class.到了英语课的时间了。

   It’s time to have English class. 该上英语课了。

小升初英语毕业总复习各册知识点之六年级上册

小学英语总复习

  六年级上册知识点

  Unit 1  How do you go to school?

  主要单词:by plane 坐飞机   by ship 坐轮船  on foot步行 by bike 骑自行车    by bus 坐公共汽车   by train 坐火车   traffic lights交通灯   traffic rules交通规则   Stop at a red light 红灯停    Wait at a yellow light 黄灯等   Go at a green light 绿灯行

  主要句子:

  How do you go to school?你怎么去上学?

  Usually I go to school on foot. Sometimes I go by bus.

  通常我步行去上学。有时候骑自行车去。

  How can I get to Zhongshan Park ?我怎么到达中山公园?

  You can go by the No. 15 bus.你可以坐15路公共汽车去。

  知识点:

  1、There are many ways to go somewhere.到一个地方去有许多方法。

  这里的ways一定要用复数。因为there are是There be句型的复数形式。

  2、get to到达.关   本单元我们还要学习与get相关的短语:

  get on 上车  get off下车

  3、on foot 步行  乘坐其他交通工具大都可以用介词by…, 但是步行只能用介词on 。

  4、go to school的前面绝对不能加the,这里是固定搭配。

  5、USA 和 US 都是美国的意思。另外America也是美国的意思。

  6  go to the park前面一定要加the.如果要去的地方有具体的名字,就不能再加the , 如果要去的地方没有具体名字,由要在前面加the. go to school除外。

  7、How do you go to …?你怎样到达某个地方?如果要问的是第三人称单数,则要用:How does he/she…go to …?

  8、反义词:

  get on(上车)---get off(下车)    near(近的)—far(远的)    fast(快的)—slow(慢的)    because(因为)—why(为什么)

  same(相同的)—different(不同的)

  9、近义词:

  see you---goodbye      sure---certainly---of course  

  10、频度副词:

  always 总是,一直    usually 通常   often经常   sometimes 有时候    never 从来不

  

  Unit 2  Where is the science museum?

  主要单词:library 图书馆   post office 邮局    hospital医院    cinema 电影院    bookstore书店    science museum科学博物馆    turn left向左转    turn right 向右转    go straight  直行    north北    south南   east东    west西

  主要句子:

  Where is the cinema, please? 请问电影院在哪里?

  It’s next to the hospital. 它与医院相邻。

  Turn left at the cinema, then go straight. It’s on the left.

  在电影院向左转,然后直行。它在左边。

  知识点:

  1、near 表示在附近,next to 表示与…相邻。它的范围比near小。

  2、电影院在英语中称为“cinema”,在美语中称为movie theatre.

  3、for 表示持续多长时间,当表示做某事多长时间都要用for.  如:Walk east for 5 minutes.

  4、当表示某个地方在另一个地方的哪一方向时,要用介词of。如:the hospital is east the cinema. 医院在电影院的东边。

  5、表示在哪儿转时,用介词at。 如:Turn left at the bank。在银行左转。

  6、find表示“找到”,强调找的结果。Look for 表示“寻找”,强调找的过程。

  7、英文的书信与中文的书信不完全一样:

  开头:英语是在人称后面加逗号,中文是加冒号。

  正文:英语是顶格写,中文要空两个格。

  结尾:英语的落款与人名是顶格而且是分开写的。中文则是另起一行,放在一起且稍靠后一点儿的地方。

  8、近义词:

  bookstore==bookshop 书店    go straight==go down直行

  after school==after class 放学后

  9、反义词或对应词:

  here (这里)---there(那里)

  east(东)---west(西)    north(北)---south(南)

  left(左)---right(右)    get on (上车)---get off(下车)

  10、in the front of…表示在…的前面,是指在该地方的范围内,in front of而则表示在该地方的范围外。如:in front of our classroom是指在教室的外面而且在教室的前面。而in the front of classroom则是指在教室里的前面。

  11. be far from…表示离某地远. be 可以是am , is ,are。如:I am far from school now. 我现在离学校很远。

  My home is not far from school.我家离学校不远。

  

  Unit 3 What are you going to do ?

  主要单词:

  this morning 今天上午    this afternoon 今天下午

  this evening   今天晚上   next week 下周

  tomorrow 明天   tonight 今晚

  post card 明信片   comic book漫画书  newspaper报纸

  主要句子:

  What are you going to do on the weekend?你周末打算做什么?

  I’m going to visit my grandparents this weekend?这个周末我打算去看望我的外祖父母。

  Where are you going this afternoon? 你今天下午打算去哪里?

  I’m going to the bookstore.我打算去书店。

  What are you going to buy?你打算去买什么?

  I’m going to buy a comic book。我打算去买一本漫画书。

  

  知识点:

  1、What are you going to do?你想做什么?询问他人在未来的打算。Be going to 后面要跟动词的原形。

  2、this evening 和 tonight的 区别:this evening指的是今天晚上睡觉以前的时间,一般指晚上十二点以前。而tonight指的是今晚,一般是指一整晚的时间,通宵。

  3、部分疑问代词的意义与用法:

  (1)What 什么。用来问是什么,做什么,叫什么,什么样等等。如:What is your name? 你的名字叫什么?

     What is your father? 你爸爸是干什么的?

   What is your hobby?你的爱好是什么?

  What is your favourite food?你最喜爱的食物是什么?

  What’s your math teacher like? 你的数学老师长得什么样子?

  (2)Where , 在哪里,到哪里。用来问地点。

  如:Where are you from?你从哪里来?

  Where are you going to ?你打算去哪里?

  Where is my ruler?我的尺子在哪里?

  (3)When,什么时候。用来问时间。如:

  When is your birthday? 你的生日是什么时候?

  When are you going to ?你打算什么时候去?

  When do you go to school?你什么时候去上学?

  (4)what time 几点了。用来问具体的时间,

  如:What time is it? 现在几点了?

  (5)What colour什么颜色。用来问物体的颜色。如:

  What colour is your schoolbag?你的书包是什么颜色的?

  (6)What kind of 什么种类。用来问类别。如

  What kind of fruit do you like?你最喜欢哪一种水果?

  (7)who谁。用来问人物是谁。如:

  Who is your English teacher ?你的英语老师是谁?

  Who’s that man? 那个男人是谁?

  (8) whose谁的。用来问物体的主人是谁?如:

  Whose pencil is this? 这是谁的铅笔?

  Whose bike is blue? 谁的自行车是蓝色的?

  (9) which哪一个。用来问具体的哪一个。如:

  Which season do you like best?你最喜欢哪个季节?

  Which pencil is ken’s? the long one or the short one?

  哪只铅笔是Ken的?长的那支还是短的那支?

  (10)how怎样?用来问身体状况,或者事情的状况,对事件的看法等。如:

  How are you?你好吗?

  How is your mother? 你妈妈好吗?

  How about you? 你呢?

  (11)how many多少个。用来问有多少个,后面要跟名词的复数形式。如:

  How many books do you have?你有多少本书?

  How many kites can you see? 你能看见多少只风筝?

  (12) how much 多少钱。用来问物体的价钱。如:

  How much are they? 他们多少钱?

  How much is your schoolbag? 你的书包多少钱?

  (13)how old 几岁了。用来问年龄。如

  How old are you ? 你几岁了?

  How old is your father? 你爸爸多大了?

  (14)why为什么。用来问原因,一般要用because来回答。如:why do you like spring?你为什么喜欢春天?

  Because I can fly kites.国为我可以放风筝。

  (15) how long 多长

  (16)how tall 多高

  4、I want to be…我想成为… 表示理想。

  

  Unit 4   I have pen pal

  1、动词变为动名词的规则:

  动词变为动名词,即是动词加ing。一般要遵循以下三条规则:

  (1)一般情况下,在动词的后面直接加ing。如:play—playing    read—reading     do—doing     go—going

  (2)以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,要去掉不发音的字母e,再加ing。如:write—writing     ride—riding    make—making    dance—dancing  

  (3)以单元音加单辅音结尾的重读闭音节,要双写最后一个辅音字母,再加ing。如:run—running     swim—swimming    put—putting     sit—sitting

  2、关于第三人称单数:

  动词变为第三人称单数形式的规则:

  (1)在一个句子中,如果主语人称既不是你,也不是我,而是另外的一个人,这时的人称叫做第三人称单数。

  (2)在第三人称单词的句子中,动词要使用第三人称单词形式。

  (3)动词变为第三人称单数形式,要遵循以下规则:

  ①一般情况下,在动词的后面直接加s。如:

  read--reads        make—makes    write—writes

  ②以字母s, x, o , sh , ch结尾的动词,在词尾加es。如:do—does    wash—washes    teach—teaches    go—goes    pass—passes

  ③以y结尾的动词分为两个情况,以元音字母加y结尾的动词,在词尾直接加s。如:play—plays    buy--buys

   以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,要把y变为i,再加es.如:study--studies

  ④以f , fe结尾的名词,先把f,fe变为v,再加-es.

  ⑤特殊变化:have--has

  (4)在一个第三人称单数的句子中,只要句子中出现了does或者其否定形式doesn’t.该句子中的其他动词就要使用原形。

  (5)第三人称单数的肯定句在变为否定句时,在动词的前面加doesn’t. 动词恢复原形。如:he lives in Beijing.---he doesn’t live in Beijing.

  (6) 第三人称单数的陈述句在变为一般疑问句时,用does开头,后面的动词也要变为原形。如:he lives in Beijing.---Does he live in Beijing?

  3、注意几个单词的变化:

  hobby(复数形式)—hobbies    have to(同义词)—must

  

  

  第五单元

  1、一些由动词变化而来的职业名词:

   teach—teacher   clean—cleaner   sing—singer    dance—dancer

  drive—driver    write—writer   TV report—TV reporter

  act—actor    act—actress     art—artist    engine—engineer 

  2、做“对句子划线部分提问”试题时,一般应该遵循三个步骤:

  (1). 确定与句子划线部分相应的特殊疑问词,并且特殊疑问词代替相应的划线部分。

  (2). 把特殊疑问词代替划线部分后的句子变成一般疑问句。

  (3). 最后再把特殊疑问词提到句首。

      以上三个基本步骤可以用三个字来概括,即:定,问,提。例如:

  This is a book  ?

  ①This is what.        ②Is this what ?       ③What is this ?

  注意:句①②只是一种变化过程,不必写入试题中。句③才是试题所要求的形式和结果,必须写到试题上。以上三个步骤是对句子划线部分提问最基本的过程。

      然而对不同句子的不同成份提问时,还要注意以下几点:

  (1). 如果句子的划线部分是主语,只找出相应的特殊疑问词,用来代替划线部分即可。如:

  1)He teaches us English.         Who teaches us English?

  2)My mother’s clothes are over there.    Whose clothes are over there?

  (2). 如果句子的划线部分是谓语(包括谓语动词),不论原来的谓语动词是何种形式(时态、语态),都要将谓语动词变为do的相应的形式:不论原来的谓语动词后面跟的是人、物还是地点,一律用What来代替。如:

  1)They are playing football.

  ①They are doing what.      ②Are they doing what? ③What are they doing?

  2)They wolf is going to kill that man.

  ①They wolf is going to do what.          ②Is the wolf going to do what?

  ③What is the wolf going to do?

  (3). 如果句子的划线部分是定语,并且在谓语部分,这时,需将特殊疑问词和紧跟其后的名词一起提到句首。如:

  1)That is his pen.

  ①That is whose pen.        ②Is that whose pen?  ③Whose pen is that?

  对定语划线部分提问题,如果划线部分是所属关系,特殊疑问词用whose;如果划线部分指具体的“某一个”时特殊疑问词用which;如果划线部分指内容或职业时,特殊疑问词用what;如果划线部分指数量时,特殊疑问词用how many(可数)或how much(不可数)。如:

  1) They are the legs of the desk.

  ①They are whose legs.      ②Are they whose legs? ③Whose legs are they?

  2)I like red one.

  ①You like which one. ②Do you like which one? ③Which one do you like?

  3)They have five English books.

  They have how many English books.      

  Do they have how many English books?

  How many English books do they have?

  

  第六单元

  这一单元是一个阅读单元,基本上没有什么知识点,我们只需注意几个单词的变化就可以。

  1、名词变形容词:

  rain—rainy    cloud—cloudy   wind—windy   sun—sunny   snow—snowy

小升初英语毕业总复习各册知识点之六年级下册

六年级下册单元知识点

  第一单元

  四会单词:

  tall—taller更高的    short—shorter 更矮的    strong—stronger更强壮的  old—older 年龄更大的  young—younger 更年轻的  big—bigger更大的heavy—heavier 更重的  long—longer 更长的      thin—thinner 更瘦的  small—smaller  (体型)更小的     

  四会句型:

  How tall are you? 你有多高?  

  I’m 164 cm tall.   我164 厘米高。

  You’re shorter than me. 你比我矮。

  You’re 4 cm taller than me.你比我高4厘米。

  How heavy are you? 你有多重? 

  I’m 48 kg.  我48千克。

  应该掌握的知识点:

  1、表示两者之间有所比较时,句子中的形容词要用比较级形式。形容词变为比较级的变化规则:

  (1)一般情况下,在形容词的词尾直接加er。如: tall—taller   short—shorter.(2)以字母e结尾的形容词,在词尾直接加r,如:nice—nicer.  late—later (3)以重读闭音节结尾,且结尾只有一个辅音字母的词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加er.如:big—bigger    thin—thinner    fat—fatter  (4)以辅音字母加y结尾的双音节形容词,先变y为i , 再加er。如:easy—easier   heavy—heavier   funny—funnier.

  形容词比较级的变化口诀:

  原级变为比较级,通常er加上去。若是结尾辅元辅,辅音双写要牢记。

  辅音加y结尾时,把y变i 是必须。原级若以e结尾,直接加r不后悔。

  2、部分形容词比较级的不规则变化:good—better   well—better    bad—worse   badly—worse   many—more    much—more    little—less   far—farther

  3、同义句:

  How tall are you?==What’s your height?

  How heavy are you?==What’s your weight?

  4、以How开头的问句(仅限小学阶段):

  How are you?  问身体状况。

  How old…?   问年龄

  How tall…?   问身高

  How long…?   问长度

  How big…?    问大小(指外型、形体的大小)

  How heavy…?  问体重、重量

  How many…?  问多少,物体的数量

  How much…?  问价格

  5、it’s 与its: 这两个词发音相同但意义不同。it’s是 it is的缩写,汉语意思是“它是”,如:it’s a fat cat. 它是一只肥猫。its是代词,意思是“它的”,如:that is its tail. 那是它的尾巴。

  6、My schoolbag is bigger than _________.

  A. you      B. your        C yours

  这里的正确答案应该是选项C. yours。Yours是名词性物主代词,它在这里所代表的意思是“your schoolbag”. Than后面要跟名词或名词性短语,因此在这里一定要用名词性物主代词。与形容词性物主代词相对应的名词性物主代词还有:my---mine    your---yours   his—his     her—hers    it—its    their---theirs

  

  第二单元:

  四会单词

  have a fever 发烧    have a sore throat喉咙疼   have a cold感冒

  have a toothache 牙疼    have a headache 头疼  matter事情,麻烦     

  sore 疼的    hurt疼痛   nose 鼻子 tired疲劳的,累的  excited兴奋的

  angry生气的  happy高兴的 bored无聊的,烦人的 sad  忧伤的,悲伤的

  四会句型:

  What’s the matter? 怎么了?  

  My throat is sore. My nose hurts.我喉咙疼。我鼻子疼。

  How are you, Liu Yun? You look happy. 你好吗,刘云。你看起来很高兴。

  How are you, Sarah? You look sad today. 你好吗,Sarah?今天,你看起来很难过。

  应该掌握的知识点:

  1、ache是名词,它表示连续固定的疼痛,它是个体弱多病的家伙,身体部位名称是怕它了,哪个部位不小心被它跟上了,就倒霉了。earache耳朵痛,stomachache 胃疼,backache 背疼,heartache 心脏病

  2、sore , ache 与hurt

  sore是形容词,表示“疼的、痛的”放在名词前或系动词be后,如:a sore nose 鼻子疼    My nose is sore. 我的鼻子疼。

  ache是名词,常常放在名词后,表示连续固定的疼痛,如:headache 头疼  stomachache 胃疼,backache 背疼,heartache 心脏病

  hurt是动词,指“刺痛、使受伤痛”,如:he hurts his leg.他伤了腿。 这时我们还可以说“His leg hurts.他腿疼。”有时它们还可以表达相同的含义,如:I have a sore back==I have a backache==My back hurts.但是要注意的是,并不是所有的词都可以这样转换,有些固定的用法是不能改变的。

  3、What’s the matter? matter做名词时意思是“要紧事,麻烦事,问题”,在此用法中一定要加定冠词the。其同义句为:What’s wrong? What’s the trouble? What’s up?  What’s the problem?  作为看病用语,它常用来询问病人的身体状况。

  4、might 与 may: might 与may 都可以表示可能性。might 在表示推测时,把握比较小,表示特别尊重对方,心里没底,更带有试探性。may表示一件事或许会发生(或是某种情况可能会发生)。

  5、hear 与 listen: hear表示“听见,听到”的结果。如:I listened but I couldn’t hear anything.我注意听,但什么也没听到。

  listen 表示“听,注意听,倾听”的动作。如:They are listening to the radio.他们在听广播。

  6、关于一般现在时:

  一般现在时的用法: 表示经常或者反复发生的动作。如: 我每天吃午饭。I have lunch every day. 还表示现在存在的一种状态.。如:我姐姐是一位老师。My sister is a teacher.

       一般现在时态经常与 often(经常)sometimes(有时)always(总是)usually(通常)等副词连用,也经常与 every day(每天), every week(每周), every month(每月), every term(每学期), every year(每年), once a week (一周一次),twice a year(一年两次)等时间状语连用。

  (1)一般现在时态分为 be 动词的一般现在时和实义动词的一般现在时。

  1) be 动词包括 am,is,are,中文为“是”,这三个词的用法要随着主语的变化而变化。“am” 用于第一人称单数(I); “is”用于第三人称单数(he,she,it);“are”用于第一人称复数(we),第二人称单数和复数(you), 第三人称复数( they)。 可以记住以下顺口溜: am 是专门来管“我”,is 只管“他,她,它”,are 就管“你”和“大家”。

  2)一般疑问句和否定句

     I am a teacher. (我是一位老师)

     You are his friend.(你是他的朋友)

     She is a nurse.(她是一名护士)

       以上三个句子都是肯定句。此类句子变成疑问句和否定句时,有些地方的语序和汉语不同,需特别注意。变为疑问句时,把动词 be “am,is,are”放在句首,回答时也要使用 be 动词;变为否定句时,把表示否定的not 放在“am is are”的后面,其中可以简写为:

     is not ---- isn't        are not ---- aren't

  am not 没有简写形式。

  如:Am I a teacher? Yes, I am. (No, I am not.)

  Are you his friend? Yes, you are. (No, you are not.)

  Is she a nurse? Yes, she is. (No, she is not.)

  注意:如果 are not, is not 放在句尾时,不能使用简写,必须写出整个单词。

  否定句为:I am not a teacher. You are not his friend. She is not a nurse.

  3)如果句子的动词不是 be 动词“am is are”而是其他实义动词, 疑问句和否定句要借助于助动词“do”或者“does”,也就是说 be 动词和实义动词原形不能同时使用。 这里的“do” “does”本身没有什么意义,只是帮助构成疑问句和否定句。一般疑问句读时必须用降调。

  “do”和“does”的使用要随着人称的变化而变化。请看下面两组句子,注意区分他们的共同点和不同点。

     I go to school every day.        He goes to school every day.

     I don't go to school every day.    He doesn't go to school every day.

     Do you go to school every day?   Does he go to school every day?

     Yes, I do. (No, I don't)          Yes, he does. (No, he doesn't)

      这两组句子中,由于人称的不同,句子的结构也不同,具体如下:

  当主语是第三人称单数时,肯定句为:主语 + 动词的 s 形式 + 宾语

  否定句为:主语 + 助动词 doesn't + 动词原形 + 宾语

  疑问句为:Does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 宾语

  肯定回答和否定回答也要使用助动词 does.

  注:第三人称单数用了 does 后面就不用动词的 s 形式了,而用动词原形。

  动词的一般现在时态, 除了第三人称单数(he she it) 外,其余都用动词原形。当主语是其他人称时,肯定句为:主语+动词原形 + 宾语

  否定句为:主语 + 助动词 don't + 动词原形 + 宾语

  疑问句为:Do + 主语 + 动词原形 + 宾语

  肯定回答和否定回答也要使用助动词 do。

  注:变为疑问句,要在句首加“do”; 变为否定句, 要在动词前面加“do not”, 可以简写为“don't”.

  

  第三单元

  四会单词:

  watch—watched 看  wash—washed 洗 clean—cleaned打扫 play—played玩  visit—visited 看望 do—did  last weekend上一个周末  go—went去

  go to a park—went to a park 去公园   go swimming—went swimming去游泳 

  go fishing—went fishing去钓鱼 read—read 读   go hiking—went hiking 去郊游

  四会句型:

  What did you do last weekend?  你上个周末干什么了?

  I played football.   我踢足球了。

  Did you read books? 你读书了吗?

  Yes, I did.是的,我读了。

  No, I didn’t.  不,我没有。

  应该掌握的知识点:

  1、关于一般过去时

  一般过去时态:表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。谓语动词要用一般过去式。经常与yesterday(昨天), last week(上周), last month(上个月), last year(去年), two months ago(两个月前), the day before yesterday(前天),in 1990 (在1990年), in those days (在那些日子里)等表示过去的时间状语连用。

  如: I was born in 1990. (我出生在1990年)。

  When did you go to the park? (你是什么时候去的公园)。

  I went to the park last week. (我是上周去的公园)

  在上面的句子中第一句属于be动词的一般过去时态;第二句和第三句属于实义动词的一般过去时态。

  (1)Be 动词的一般过去时态

  在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词, am is 的过去式为was; are的过去式为were.

  构成:肯定句:主语+was (were) +宾语

  如:I was late yesterday. (昨天我迟到了。)

  否定句:主语+was (were) +not+宾语

  如:We weren't late yesterday. (我们昨天没迟到)

  疑问句:Was (Were) +主语+宾语

  如: Were you ill yesterday? (你昨天病了吗?)

  肯定回答: Yes, I was. (是的,我病了。)

  否定句: No, I wasn't. (不,我没病。)

  特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词+was (were) +主语+宾语

  如:When were you born? 你是什么时候出生的?

  (2)实义动词的一般过去时态

  肯定句要使用动词的过去式,否定句和疑问句要使用助动词do和 does 的过去式 did.

  肯定句为:主语+动词过去式+宾语

  如: I went home at nine o'clock yesterday.(我昨天九点钟回的家。)

  否定句:主语+didn't +动词原形+宾语

  如:I didn't go home yesterday. (我昨天没回家。)

  疑问句:Did +主语+动词原形+宾语

  如: Did you go home yesterday? (你昨天回家了吗?)

  肯定回答: Yes, I did. (是的,我回了。)

  否定回答:No, I didn't. (不,我没回家。)

  (3)助动词和情态动词过去式如下:

  shall― should(将要)用于第一人称单数

  will― would(将要)用于所有人称

  can ?could(能,会) may― might(可以) must― must (必须)

  have to― had to(不得不)

  助动词和情态动词的过去时态要使用他们的过去式,后面的动词还使用原形。

  如: I had to do my homework yesterday. (昨天我不得不做作业。)

  (4)一般过去时态由动词的过去式表示。大多数动词的过去式是在动词原形后加上ed构成。这类动词称为规则动词。

  1) 一般情况下在词尾直接加ed。 如:play― played  work― worked

  2) 以e结尾的动词只加d. 如:like--- liked  love― loved

  3) 以辅音字母+Y结尾的动词,变Y为I,再加ed. 如:study― studied carry― carried

  4) 以重读闭音节结尾的动词,如果末尾只有一个辅音字母,要双写最后这个辅音字母,再加ed. 如:stop― stopped

  (5)--ed的读音规则如下:

  1) 在清辅音后面读[t].

  2) 在浊辅音或元音后读[d].

  3) 在[t] 和[d] 后读[id].

  (6)不以ed 结尾的过去式,称为不规则动词。

  一般过去时态的“三变”技巧

  一变:肯定句变为否定句

  【技巧1】当句中含有情态动词或助动词could,would,should等时,可直接在其后面加not构成否定句。例如:

  I could get you a concert ticket. → I could not / couldn't get you a concert ticket.

  【技巧2】当句中含有系动词was,were 时,可直接在其后加not构成否定句。例如:

  I was on the Internet when you called me. → I was not / wasn't on the Internet when you called me.

  【技巧3】当句中谓语是除情态动词、助动词、系动词was, were以外的动词时,在该动词之前加did not / didn't,动词还原,构成否定句。例如:

  The famous singer sang some Chinese songs. → The famous singer did not / didn't sing any Chinese songs.

  二变:陈述句变为一般疑问句

  【技巧1】移动词语的位置。将was,were, could,would,should等移到句首。例如:

  He could pack his things himself. → Could he pack his things himself?

  【技巧2】添加助动词did。谓语是除情态动词、助动词、系动词was, were以外的动词时,在主语之前加did,动词还原。例如:

  Mr Li looked very old. → Did Mr Li look very old?

  三变:陈述句变为特殊疑问句

  【技巧1】确定疑问词:人who / whom,物what,地点where,时间when / what time,原因why,频率how often,长度how long,距离how far等等。例如:

  They gave the concert last night. → When did they give the concert?

  【技巧2】辨认结构形式:疑问词+情态动词/助动词/ was / were / did +主语+...? 例如:

  The accident happened near the station. → Where did the accident happen?

  2、关于名词所有格:(仅限于小学阶段 's所有格的用法)

  (1)表示有生命的东西的名词末尾加's。例如:

    Jim's bed  吉米的床

    the man's wife  那个男人的妻子

    children's toys  孩子们的玩具

    the fox's tail  狐狸的尾巴

  (2)以-es或-s结尾的名词末尾加"'s"。例如:

    the students' books  学生们的书

    Teachers' Day  教师节

    my boss' office  我老板的办公室

    a girls' dormitory  女生宿舍

  (3)表示两者共同拥有的人或物(共有)时,只需要后一个名词加's(或')即可。如果表示两者各自的所属关系(各自所有),则每个名词词尾都加上's(或')。例如:

    Joan and Jane's room(房间属二人共同所有)

    Joan's and Jane's room(指Joan和Jane各自的房间)

  (4)'s所有格所修饰的词的省略现象

  1)表示诊所、店铺或某人的家等地点名词,其名词所有格后的被修饰语常常省略。例如:

    I met her at the doctor's(office).我在诊所遇见了她。

    He has gone to the tailor's(shop).他到服装店去了。

    She went to Mr. Black's (house)yesterday.她昨天到布莱克先生家去了。

  2)名词所有格所修饰的词,如果前面已经提到过,往往可以省略,以免重复。例如:

    Whose pen is this? It's Tom's.这是谁的钢笔?是汤姆的。

    The bike is not mine, but Wang Pinpin's.这辆自行车不是我的,是王品品的。

  3、them与their: them表示“他们” 是人称代词宾格,放在及物动词和介词后面做宾语。如I want to help them. 我想帮助他们。  their“他们的”是形容词性物主代词,放在名词前面。These are their books.这是他们的书。

  

  第四单元

  四会单词:

  learn Chinese—learned Chinese学汉语 sing and dance—sang and danced 唱歌和跳舞   eat good food—ate good food吃好吃的食物take pictures—took pictures 照相  climb—climbed 爬 have—had    buy presents—bought presents买礼物

   row a boat—rowed a boat 划船      see elephant—saw elephant 看大象

  go skiing—went skiing 去滑雪     go ice-skating—went ice-skating 去滑冰

   how怎么,如何 get—got 到达  last上一个的,仅余的,留在最后的

  四会句型:

  Where did you go on your holiday? 你去哪里度假了?

  I went to Xinjiang. 我去新疆了。

  How did you go there?  你怎么去那儿的?   

  I went by train.我坐火车去的。

  应该掌握的知识点:

  1、时间前介词的用法:

  英语中不同的时间前所用的介词不相同,一般有如下规则

  (1)在表示一段时间的词语前用in,如在年份、月份、季节前用in,如in2009, in May, in spring等。另外在上午、在下午、在晚上也用in. in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening.

  (2)表示在某一天,在星期几,在几月几日时用on,如on Monday , on May 1st. 另外还有on Tuesday morning.

  (3) 表示具体的时刻,在…几点钟时用at。如 at 6 o’clock. at 7:20.

  2、英语书信的书写格式;

  (1)称呼:指导对收信人的称呼。一般从信纸的左边顶格写起。

  (2)正文:指信的主体部分。从称呼的下一行第一段顶格或空四到五个字母开始写。

  (3)结束语:一般是表示自己对收供信人一种礼貌客气的谦称。常用Love, Yours或Sincerely等。通常在正文结束后另起一行左边顶格写。

  (4)签名:指发信人签名。写在结束语下一行,也顶格写。

  3、序数词是由基数词转变而来,表示“第…个”。

  (1)1—3 分别为first, second, third,没有规律。

  (2)4—19通常由基数词加th构成,特殊的有:five—fifth , eight—eighth, nine—ninth, twelve—twelfth .

  (3)整十的数词,其后缀—ty要先变成tie再加—th .如twenty—twentieth.

  (4)两位数只把后一个数词变为序数词,前面的数词仍保留其基数形式。如, twenty-one—twenty-first

  巧学妙记:基数词变序数语口诀

  基变序,有规律,词尾加上th;

  一二三,特殊记,八去t, 九去e;

  five, twelve两兄弟,ve要用f 替;

  将y变成 ie, 词尾加上th.

  若是遇到几十几,只变个位就可以。

小学英语六年级课本重点句子总结(上册)

1.---What grade are you in ? ---I’m in the sixth / first / second grade.

  2.---Why were you late yesterday?---Because my watch stopped.

  3.We’re in the same grade. 

  4.Here comes the bus.

  5.Let’s get on the bus. 

  6.I’m not late today.

  7.---Where did you live in Canada?

  8.I lived in Ottawa.

  9.Isn’t Ottawa in the west / east?------No,it’s in the east.

  10. ---What’s your favorite subject?---My favorite subject is P.E.

  11.I’m not good at calculating.

  12.Which do you like better, the purple one or the gray one?

  13.I like the gray one better.7.This shirt is too small for me.

  14.---Do you have a bigger one?---Sure! This is the biggest one.

  15.That shirt looks good on you.

  16.Let’s go into the shop.

  16.     Can I try this shirt on ? -----Of course.

  17.     ---How can I get to the amusement park?

  ---Go down this street and turn right / left. It’ll be on your left / right.

  18.You should be more careful.19.We can cross the street.

  19.---What should we do now?---We should park our bikes.

  20.---How tall are you?---I’m 150cm tall.

  21.I’m taller than you are. I’m the tallest.

  22.I want to ride the roller coaster.---I’m tall enough.

  23. ---Shall we go to the safari park? ---Yes, I’m interested in jungle life

  24.I want to take pictures of them.

  25.Can I borrow your camera?

  26.---I can’t find my brother.---We’ve got to call the police.

  27.Please take all your coins out.

  28.I’m afraid of tigers.

  29.Qiaoqiao is missing.

  30.Let’s ask her for help.

  31.---What does he / your son look like? --- He has small brown eyes.

  33.What’s he wearing? -----He’s wearing a green shirt and glasses.

  33.---Is he / Qiaoqiao as tall as you?---No, he’s shorter than I am.

  34.A boy is coming out of the restroom.

  35.Oh,that’s my son!

  36.When did you lose your son?

  37.About half an hour ago.

20##小升初英语考试通关4法宝

不管是各个培训学校还是孩子自己学校的考试,我们将在今年年初迎来一个高峰,为了让孩子们在这场没有硝烟的战争中胜利,我特意写了这篇文章告诉大家考场得分的秘籍。

  一、心态

      孩子们,不要害怕“善变”的小升初英语考试,就当是平时的一次小测验,只有一小部分是较难题,简单题答对了就一定会胜利。

  二、看课本

  我想说的是,教科书是重中之重。这包括两类:一是,孩子校内的课本;二是,校外的。

  (1)校内的课本:不要小看校内的小学课本,它们是基础的基础,不可不重视,在我们对历年的重点校小升初英语考题分析上看,简单题(即基础题)占了相当的一部分,

  如,There ____ a pen and some books on the table.

  A.is    B.are    C.be

  答案就是A. 因为"就近原则", 这是课本例句。

  可见课本的重要性。

  (2)  校外的:结合题复习复习,该背诵的段落要背。

  三、看历年试题

      这是很快就掌握并熟悉考试题型,把握考卷难度的好方法。特别是,小升初各重点校的出题风格,思路,难度,考试范围是不一样的。这样才能有的放矢,把握考试的备考范围及复习方向。而且,像学而思网站上的模拟试题也是不错的参考资料,关键是开拓思路,了解更多的解题方法,这可能在备考数学时大家更加深有感触。

  四、总结错题

      这是第三部分,非常重要。考前要看看错题,因为较少的时间已不允许我们在做过多的新习题,那么看错题就是好的方法,以提醒自己不要再犯同样错误。

  其实,孩子们,我们不必太紧张,相信我们平时只要学了,就一定能成功。

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