研究生议论文写作范文/模板

一、引出开头

1：It is well-known to us that……（我们都知道……）==As far as my knowledge is concerned, …（ 就我所知…）

2：Recently the problem of…… has been brought into focus. ==Nowadays there is a growing concern over ……（最近……问题引起了关注）

3：Nowadays（overpopulation）has become a problem we have to face.（现今，人口过剩已成为我们不得不面对的问题）

4：Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.（互联网已在我们的生活扮演着越来越重要的角色，它给我们带来了许多好处但也产生了一些严重的问题）

5：With the rapid development of science and technology，more and more people believe that……（随着科技的迅速发展，越来越多的人认为……）

6：It is a common belief that……==It is commonly believed that……（人们一般认为……）

7：A lot of people seem to think that……（很多人似乎认为……）

8:It is universally acknowledged that + 句子（全世界都知道...）

二、表达不同观点

1：People's views on……vary from person to person. Some hold that……However, others believe that……（人们对……的观点因人而异，有些人认为……然而其他人却认为……）

2：People may have different opinions on……（人们对……可能会持有不同见解）

3：Attitudes towards （drugs）vary from person to person.==Different people hold different attitudes towards（failure）（人们对待吸毒的态度因人而异）

4:There are different opinions among people as to……（对于……人们的观点大不相同）

三、表示结尾

1：In short, it can be said that……（总之，他的意思是……）

2：From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that……（从上面提到的，我们可以得出结论……）

3：Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally/reasonably come to the conclusion that……（把所有的这些因素加以考虑，我们自然可以得出结论……）

4：Hence/Therefore, we'd better come to the conclusion that……（因此，我们最好的出这样的结论……）

5:There is no doubt that (job-hopping)has its drawbacks as well as merits.（毫无疑问，跳槽有优点也有缺点）

6：All in all, we cannot live without……,but at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.（总之，我们没有……无法生活，但同时我们必须寻求新的解决办法来面对可能出现的新问题）

四、提出建议

1：It is high time that we put an end to the (trend).（该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了）

2：There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of……（毫无疑问，对……问题应予以足够重视）

3：Obviously ,if we want to do something … it is essential that……（显然，如果我们想要做么事，很重要的是……）

4：Only in this way can we ……（只有这样，我们才能……）

5：Spare no effort to + V （不遗余力的）

五、预示后果

1：Obviously，if we don't control the problem, the chances are that……will lead us in danger.（很明显，如果我们不能控制这一问题，很有可能我们会陷入危险）

2：No doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that ……（毫无疑问，除非我们采取有效措施，否则我们很可能会……）

3：It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation（很紧迫的是应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展）

六、表示论证

1：From my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second.(在我看来，支持第一种观点比第二种更有道理)

2：I cannot entirely agree with the idea that……（我无法完全同意这一观点）

3：As far as I am concerned/In my opinion,……（就我来说……）

4：I sincerely believe that……==I am greatly convinced (that)子句.（我真诚地相信……）

5：Finally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why ……（最后，坦率地说，还有另外一个实际的原因……）

七、给出原因

1：The reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子 （...的原因是...）

2:This phenomenon exists for a number of reasons .First,…….Second,…….Third，……。这一现象存在有很多原因的，第一……第二……第三……

3：For one thing,…… For another thing，…… ==On the one hand,……On the other hand……一方面……另一方面……

4：I quite agree with the statement that……The reasons are chiefly as follows.我十分赞同这一论述，即……。其主要原因如下。

八、列出解决办法和批判错误观点做法

1：The best way to solve the troubles is……解决这些麻烦的最好办法是……

2：As far as something is concerned,……就某事而言，……

3;It is obvious that……很显然……

4：It may be true that……but it doesn't mean that……可能……是对的，但这并不意味着……

5;It is natural to believe that……but we shouldn't ignore that……认为……是自然的，但我们不应忽视……

6：There is no evidence to suggest that……没有证据表明……

九、表示好处和坏处

1：It has the following advantages.它有如下优势

2：It is beneficial/harmful to us.==It is of great benefit/harm to us.它对我们有益处

3:It has more disadvantages than advantage.他有很多不足之处

十、表示重要、方便、可能

1：It is important(necessary/difficult/convenient/possible)for sb to do sth.对于某人做……是……

2：It plays an important role in our life.

十一、采取措施

1：We should take some effective measures.我们应该采取有效措施

2：We should try our best to overcome/conquer the difficulties.我们应该尽最大努力去克服困难

3：We should do our utmost in doing sth.我们应该尽力去做……

4：We should solve the problems that we are confronted/faced with.我们应该解决我们面临的困难

十二、显示变化

1：Some changes have taken place in the past five years.过去五年发生了很多变化

2：Great changes will certainly be produced in the international communications.在国际交流中理所当然会发生很多大的变化

3：It has increased/decreased from…to…他已经从…增加/减少到…

4：The output of July in this factory increased by 15%.这个工厂7月份产量以增加了15%

十三、表明事实现状

1;We cannot ignore the fact that……我们不能忽略这个事实……

2：No one can deny the fact that……没人能否认这个事实……

3：This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in.

4:be closely related to ~~ （与...息息相关）

十四、进行比较

1：Compared with A,B……与A比较，B……

2;I prefer to read rather than watch TV.

十五、常用英语谚语

1：Actions speak louder than words.事实胜于雄辩

2：All is not gold that glitters.发光的未必都是金子

3：All roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗马

4：A good beginning is half done.良好的开端是成功的一半

5：Every advantage has its disadvantage有利必有弊

6：A miss is as good as a mile.失之毫厘，差之千里

7：Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母

8:Industry is the parent of success.勤奋是成功之母

9:It is never too old to learn.活到老，学到老

10:Knowledge is power.知识就是力量

11:Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it.世上无难事，只怕有心人

如何列提纲——文章基本结构：

1. 主题或引入段落 Beginning (introductory paragraph): Expressing one’s opinion on sth.

2. 阐述段落 Body (supporting paragraph): Supporting the opinion

Supportive arguments

a) Typical example

b) Famous sentence

c) Proverb

3. 总结段落 Ending (concluding paragraph): Concluding the article

a) giving conclusion to the whole article

b) calling on people

c) giving suggestion

d) putting forward the profound importance

e) quoting famous words or proverb

首段

如何写主题句：

1. 通常是陈述句，而不是疑问句；

2. 必须是含有一个主语和谓语动词的完整句子；

3. 不能是简单的事实陈述，因为简单的事实陈述，无需再展开说明；

4. 必须有一个而且只能有一个中心思想。

e.g.

My two cats are totally different in looks, behaviour and personality.

Animals’ behaviors can predict earthquake.

主体部分

表达主观观点的方式How to express the opinion

A) I feel / suppose / think / consider / hold / reckon / conceive / opine / believe / deem

B) I’d like to say that …

I hold the view/opinion that …

I am of the opinion that …

in my opinion / view, …

from my point of view / viewpoint / part, …

from the standpoint of sb.

I take a (firm) stand on …

I stand for / against …

C) As we all know, … / As is known to all, … / We all know that … / It is known to all that …

As far as we know, … / As far as … is concerned, …

It is generally accepted that …

It goes without saying that …

People take it for granted that …

It stands to reason that …

过渡词的运用Transition

A) 并列关系

and / or / as well as

B) 转折关系

but / however / yet

(on the one hand, …) on the other hand, …

on the contrary, … / in contrast, … / Contrary to …, …

C) 因果关系

because / because of / since / as / so / therefore / thus / hence / as a result

D) 递进关系

besides / in addition (to) / moreover / furthermore / what’s more

E) 顺序

first, … second, … third, …

firstly, … secondly, … thirdly, …

above all, … then / next, … finally, …

finally, … / at last, … / in the end, …

F) 举例

for example / for instance

such as

take … for example / take … as an example

A typical example of this is …

末段

如何总结段落：

1． 结论型：总结文章的中心思想和观点。

2． 后果型：如果所讨论的问题不能解决，将会产生的后果。

3． 号召型：呼吁读者采取行动来解决所讨论的问题。

4． 建议型：对文章所讨论的问题提出建设性意见或解决某个问题的可行性办法。

5． 意义型：提出所讨论问题的重要性和深远的意义。

6． 引言型：引用名人名言或富有哲理的话作为结尾。

结尾部分常用的表达方式

In a word / in general / all in all / in short / in brief / on the whole / in conclusion

As is stated / mentioned / suggested above, …

As we can see from the above, …

Each coin has two sides.

1. It is considered /thought that ------- 人们(有人,大家)认为

　　2. It is generally /usually accepted /agreed/recognized that ----普遍(一般,通常)认为

　　3. It is believed that -----有人(人们,大家)相信

　　4. It is well-known that ----大家知道(众所周知)

　　5. It is said that ----据说(有人说)

　　6. It is learned that ---据闻(悉)

　　7. It is supposed that----据推测

　　8. It is estimated/predicted/calculated that---据估计(预计

　　9. It must be pointed that ---必须指出

　　10. It is reported that----据报道

　　11. It must be admitted that----必须承认

　　12. It will be seen that ---可见(可以看出)

　　13. It will be seen from this that ----由此可见

　　14. It is understood that----不用说(都知道)

　　15. It can not be denied that---无可否认

　　16. It has been proved/demonstrated that---已经证明

　　17. It may be confirmed that ----可以肯定

　　18. It may be safely said that----可以有把握地说

　　19. It is sometimes asked that---人们有时会问

　　20. It is expected that/hoped that----人们希望

　　21. When it comes to ------要说到,要谈及

　　三 与六级考试写作相关的词汇和词组

　　1. play an important role/part in ---------/ be vital to /be crucial to -----

　　2. attach/place great importance to---------/pay great attention to /devote much attention to

　　3. advance with the time/ to keep abreast of times ; to move/ advance with the times

　　4. with the rapid development of national economy and great improvement of the people’s living standard

　　5. seize the opportunity /seize the time by the forelock

　　6. raise public awareness of ------

　　7.take effective measures to do sth./steps must be taken to

　　8.sharpen one’s competitive edge

　　9.highly competitive society /intense/fierce competition/competition for talented people

　　10.with the ever-increasing consumption of energy/natural resources

　　11.knowledge economy/abuse/infringe upon intellectual property

　　12.cultivate one’s interest in doing sth./broaden one’s vision /widen one’s scope of knowledge

　　13.give full play to one’s abilities/fully display one’s abilities

　　14.tap one’s potentials /demonstrate one’s abilities

　　15.be capable of /have the ability to do sth. /be proficient at /excel in ----/be endowed with the capability of ------ /be blessed with the ability to -----//be competent for----

　　16. a tremendous fund of -----

　　17.prefence is usually given to educated persons, other things being equal

　　18.give thought to / take sth. into serious consideration/account

　　19.a means to an end

　　20.give sb. mental satisfaction

　　21.have the chance of developing ------

22.wash away hopes of a good harvest

论证说明句型

It is obvious / apparent/ clear/ conspicuous / without doubt that…

A recent report indicates that …

According to the statistics provided by …, it can be seen that …

Based on the survey/analysis/investigation of…, there is a growing/increasing/decreasing number of people who show concern about …

There is sufficient evidence showing that…

This sets forth the important fact that …

No on can ignore / overlook / be exempt form the fact that …

No one can deny / withdraw the fact that…

As is known to all / It is well-known / that …

I am convinced that…

There is no doubt that …

My idea/ view/ belief/ can be proved/ supported by …

5、情感类

模板1：

As is shown in the picture above, . Obviously from we can surmise that .

It goes without saying that the primary purpose of the picture lies in eulogizing the practice of . As a matter of fact, it is not rare to find in our everyday life deeds of similar nature. For instance, . Additionally, we can also hear many stories about . Not to mention those moving cases of .

All in all, I firmly believe that a harmonious society is based on a . By , people not only harvest , but also gain that can never be purchased via money. （参见范文7）

模板2：

, just as is depicted in the picture. It is not difficult to find that in today’s society, more and more people begin to . It is rather good news to .

The picture reminds us that in China, due to , . Moreover, there are . In addition, we should not forget .

is a good way to express human love. To some extent, it also reflects individuals’ sense of social responsibility. It is also a feeling from deep heart that is beyond words and is difficult to obtain no matter how rich one is. Therefore, I strongly advocate that . I am sure our society will hence be more beautiful because of .

8、人生价值类

模板1：

As the old Chinese saying goes, . It echoes with this picture in which . The title of the picture further points out that .

The picture is meant to . As far as I am concerned, I think . This universal truth can be particularly proved in the field of , where .

A brief survey of history about also demonstrates the fundamental importance of . , for example, . The same principle applies to common people as well, and I am sure everybody can benefit from . （参见范文5）

模板2：

From the picture we can perceive that . What astonishes the drawing and the readers is that . It is known to all that , but it seems .

The artist utilizes this artistic presentation to imply a spreading vogue that . Ultimately, the trend boils down to . Accordingly, . To worsen the problem, this behavior is evoking .

In my point of view, we are in a prime time to curb the problem from deteriorating. First and foremost, the whole society should arrive at the consensus that . Besides, an awareness of should be infused into everybody’s mind. （参见范文6）

Sample argumentative essay:

HEALTH AND HEALING AT YOUR FINGERTIPS

Throw out the bottles and boxes of drugs in your house. A new theory suggests that medicine could be bad for your health, which should at least come as good news to people who cannot afford to buy expensive medicine. However, it is a blow to the medicine industry, and an even bigger blow to our confidence in the progress of science. This new theory argues that healing is at our fingertips: we can be healthy by doing Reiki on a regular basis.

Supporters of medical treatment argue that medicine should be trusted since it is effective and scientifically proven. They say that there is no need for spiritual methods such as Reiki, Yoga, Tai Chi. These waste our time, something which is quite precious in our material world. There is medicine that can kill our pain, x-rays that show us our fractured bones or MRI that scans our brain for tumors. We must admit that these methods are very effective in the examples that they provide. However, there are some “every day complaints” such as back pains, headaches, insomnia, which are treated currently with medicine. When you have a headache, you take an Aspirin, or Vermidon, when you cannot sleep, you take Xanax without thinking of the side effects of these. When you use these pills for a long period, you become addicted to them; you cannot sleep without them. We pay huge amounts of money and become addicted instead of getting better. How about a safer and more economical way of healing? When doing Reiki to yourself, you do not need anything except your energy so it is very economical. As for its history, it was discovered in Japan in the early 1900s and its popularity has spread particularly throughout America and Western Europe. In quantum physics, energy is recognized as the fundamental substance of which the universe is composed. Reiki depends on the energy within our bodies. It is a simple and effective way of restoring the energy flow. There are no side effects and it is scientifically explained.

Opponents of alternative healing methods also claim that serious illnesses such as HIV/AIDS and cancer cannot be treated without drugs. They think so because these patients spend the rest of their lives in the hospital taking medicine. How can Reiki make these people healthy again? It is very unfortunate that these patients have to live in the hospital losing their hair because of chemotherapy, losing weight because of the side effects of the medicine they take. Actually, it is common knowledge that except for when the cancer is diagnosed at an early stage, drugs also cannot treat AIDS or cancer. Most of the medicine these patients use are to ease their pain and their sufferings because of the medical treatment they undergo. Instead of drugs which are expensive and have many side effects, you can use your energy to overcome the hardships of life, find an emotional balance, leave the stress of everyday life and let go of the everyday worries. Most of the chronic conditions such as eczema or migraine are known to have causes such as poor diet and stress. Deep-rooted anger or other strong emotions can contribute to viral infections as well. Since balancing our emotions and controlling our thoughts are very important for our well-being, we should definitely start learning Reiki and avoid illnesses before it is too late.

Some people may still maintain that in our material world, everything depends on time. It is even “lacking time” that causes much of the stress that leads to the illnesses we mentioned. How would it be possible to find time to do Reiki to ourselves and the people around us when we cannot even find time to go to the theater? This is one good thing about Reiki; it does not require more than 15 minutes of our time. There is no need for changing clothes or special equipment. It is a wonderfully simple healing art, an effective method of relaxation and stress-relief. Most important of all, it is less time consuming than medicine if we think of all the time we spend taking medicine for some complaints and taking some more for the side effects as well.

Having said these, resistance to Reiki would be quite illogical. Reiki is natural and drug-free. What is more, it is easy to learn by anyone, regardless of age and experience. It can be used anywhere, anytime. It also enhances physical, mental, emotional and spiritual well-being and the benefits last a lifetime. It is definitely high time to get away from the drug boxes we store in our drug cabinet!