1. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? A teacher who is serious and strict is more effective than a teacher who is humorous and easy-going? （2008-8-23北美，2008-8-24）

对待学生严肃严格的老师比幽默好相处的老师教学更有效果，同意与否？

结构：

不同意该观点。也许就“记住老师说的东西”而言，是更有效率，然而就教育本身的效果的而言却是低效，因为学生失去了思考的机会。

1. 严肃又严格的老师所在的课堂内，学生的主动性降低，气氛过于紧张，不利于他们思考，而幽默轻松的环境里学生的思维活跃，对所学的印象也深；

2. 有的老师严格要求学生记住所学的内容，这无形中建立了学生和老师的教条关系。不利于学生的主动学习。教学应该是启发求知欲的产生，使得学生产生自己去探索的愿望；

3. 幽默和容易相处的固然能够活跃气，使学生更舒服，但作为老师，对学生还是应该保持一些必要的影响，在他们犯错误的时候纠正他们，使其信服。

I could not agree with the statement that strict teachers are more effective than easy-going ones because when evaluating efficiency,

In the class of a strict and serious teacher, the students are passively forced to study in a stressful atmosphere which is harmful for the activity of their minds. Learning is hence not enjoyable at all, but a terrible, imperative, sometimes even dangerous labor when naughty students get punished. On the contrary, a humorous and easy-going teacher could firstly, make the class interesting, and secondly, make students feel unstressed to think and ask. Because of the more active role that students play with such a teacher, the content of teaching becomes more impressive.

Many educationists expostulated with teachers about dogmatization. According to Lytton, a British politician, “The best teacher is the one who suggests rather than dogmatized, and inspires his listener with the wish to teach himself.” Similarly, Socrates once said, “I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.” In this sense, humorous and easy-going teachers who at least allow the activity of thinking and questioning are more qualified teachers.

Sense of humor plus affability, as is mentioned above, can make students more comfortable and active in classes. However, as a teacher, one still needs to notice that he/she maintains his/her necessary influence on the students, which makes a teacher convincing, persuasive and trustable. Being easy-going should never be equal to leaving anyone that has made mistakes unwarned.

“Teaching is not a lost art, but the regard of it is a lost tradition.”

参考译文：

我不同意严格的老师比幽默的老师更有效率的说法，因为在衡量“效率”的时候，我们应该考虑的是学生学历能力的提高，而不是他们记住了多少老师教的内容。 在一个严肃又严厉的老师的课堂上，学生们在紧张的气氛下被迫学习，这对他们的精神的活跃性是十分有害的。这样学习一点也不愉快，反而是可怕的，强制性的，有时候甚至是危险的劳动——淘气的学生会被惩罚。与此相反，幽默又和蔼的老师能把课堂变得有趣，也能使学生在无压力的情况下思考和提问。正因为学生扮演着更为主动的角色，这样的老师所教的内容令人印象深刻。

严格使老师和学生之间建立一种教条式的关系，老师一味地要求学生服从其规定，为了无数的考试和练习而记忆课本上的内容。许多教育家都曾规劝老师们放弃教条式的教学方式。用英国政治家Lytton的话说，“最优秀的教师是建议者而不是教条式的人，他们启发听众，使其产生自学的愿望。”无独有偶，苏格拉底也曾说过，“我不曾教过任何人任何东西，我只能让他们思考。”从这个意义上来讲，幽默亲切的老师至少能够允许学生思考和提问，因此是更合格的老师。

正如以上所提到的那样，幽默感和亲切和蔼能使学生感到更舒服，在课堂上也更活跃。然而作为一个老师，应该注意，保持他/她对学生一定的影响是必要的，这使得老师能够令人信服并被学生所信任。容易相处永远都不能等同于把所有的错误都置之不理，

“教学并不是一门失传的艺术，而对教学的重视却是逝去的传统。”面对当今世界越来越被看重的标准化考试以及那些针对这些考试的教育，教师们再怎么强调启发式教学也不为过了。

2. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Classmates are a more important influence than parents on a child’s success in school. (2006-12-1)

对于一个孩子在学校的成功而言，同班同学是比父母更重要的因素。同意与否？

结构：

不同意该观点。一个孩子在学校的成功有很多因素，好的习惯，自信心以及课下学到的知识都与家长密切相关，而同学起到的作用还不能与之相比。

1. 家长帮助孩子养成好的习惯。早睡早起，少吃有害零食，做课堂笔记，复习有计划等；

2. 家长可以培养孩子好的心态。在他成功时提醒他不要得意忘形，在他失败时鼓励他；

3. 在家也可以教孩子很多东西，很多学龄前就开始了。语言培养直接影响上学后的理解能力。比如学习的方法，在学校的礼仪态度，在多人面前讲话的能力等。

Good habits are indispensable for success at school and in the future, yet they are easier to be given up than the bad ones. Parents who live with their kids and play a convincing role could help them in developing, maintaining the good ones, such as keeping regular hours, avoiding junk food, no procrastination, early preparation for tests, etc. In terms of good habits, the kid together with peers tends to be more perverse since they could help each other to pick up the bad habit again and distance themselves rapidly from self-disciplines.

Parents could help their children cultivate a positive and healthy attitude to face up with various kinds of situations. For achievements, parents could prevent them from being too conceited, in spite of the compliment from their classmates. When it comes to a frustration, parents may be the most important voice to encourage the depressed children, saying that “Defeat never comes to any man until he admits it”, “Mistakes are the portals of discovery”, and if necessary, telling a history of some celebrity of how he/she faced defeat with courage. This is hardly what any classmate can do.

Besides, all the children learn a lot of extra school knowledge from their parents, which begins a long time before the children meet their classmates in elementary school. Excellent linguistic ability, particularly, which can be largely attributed to parents’

diligent training, directly determines the children’s intelligence of comprehension at school. It is natural that the faster the children understand the teacher, the more they learn. Other skills that could be trained by the parents include the methodology in study, the capability of speaking publicly and the social etiquette.

For the reasons above, parents are a more important influence on children’s success at school. However, this may not continue to be true after they grow up when they could have their true friends that share a lot of values and goals and they may find a classmate’s advice more valuable than that from their parents.

参考译文：

对一个孩子来说，同学有很多，但父母是独一无二的。前者和他/她在学校一起度过很多时间，而后者帮助他/她建立好的习惯，培养正确的心态，还教会他/她很多额外的知识，而这些对他/她在学校里的表现有非常重要的影响。

好习惯对于在校及将来的成功来说都不可或缺，然而他们比坏习惯容易失去。父母和孩子们住在一起，而且更有说服力，能够帮助他们养成和保持好的习惯，比如有规律的作息，不吃垃圾食品，不拖延，提早复习考试等。就好习惯这点来说，孩子和伙伴们在一起的时候倾向变得更加任性，因为他们帮助彼此养成坏习惯，很快离自立越来越远。

父母能够帮助孩子面对不同状况时，采取正确而健康的态度。有了成就时，父母可以防止孩子过于自大，而同学则齐声赞扬。有了挫折时，对于沮丧的孩子，父母可能是最重要的鼓励声音，说着“直到承认失败才算真的失败，”“错误是发现的入口”这样的话，有必要时还讲一些历史名人怎样用于面对失败的故事。这些都是同学很难做到的。

除此之外，所有的孩子都从父母那里学到很多学校不教的知识，而这从很早就开始了，远远早于他们上小学认识同学的时间。特别是优秀的语言能力很大程度上归功于家长的不懈努力，而它直接决定了孩子上学时的理解能力。懂得越快，学的越多是很自然的事情。其他父母可以训练的技能包括学习方法，公开讲话的能力以及社会礼仪等。

基于以上原因，父母对孩子学习方面的成功的影响更大。然而在他们长大后则不一定了。长大以后他们会有一些有共同价值观和目标的真正的朋友，他们可能觉得同学给出的建议比父母给出的更有用。

3. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Grades (marks) encourage

students to learn. (2006-12-3, 2008-2-16)

分数激励学生学习，同意与否？

结构：

不同意该观点。即使打分的确有激励作用，它也只是鼓励学生记住老师教的东西和应付考试。并不是真正的学习。

1. 很难真正公平的打分。所以分数有误导作用，不鼓励学生学补考的内容；

2. 打分可能受到老师个人因素的影响，尤其是大班；

3. 分数对所谓好学生的影响：追求分数而忽视个人能力的培养。

lots of discussions among students, teachers, and parents about grading—some favor it while some not, but the fact is that every teacher continues with it, as if something dangerous would happen if they did not. I think that even if grading does encourage something, it encourages the students to memorize only what the teacher requires for tests. This is not equivalent to true learning.

First of all, there is no absolutely fair and rational grading, which makes grading somehow misleading. For example, a student who loves a subject a lot and does lots of work, regardless of how much the teacher asks for the exam. Another one concentrates Then how can the “loving this subject and learning a lot” student be punished somehow and then be discouraged? The teacher only sees the performance that he/she wants, but for some students there is more work done.

Moreover, the grading itself might be influenced by the teacher’s preference of some over others, maybe because some often come to him/her to chat or to ask questions and make themselves familiar to the teacher, while the rest may not be that talkative. The is that the students are asked to do only homework like solving several problems, which can be done according to examples on the textbook or just by copying others’.

Finally we can take a look at what good grades do to “good students”. After years of excellent academic performance, the straight-A students work in some business or start their own research activities. Imagine how they feel when there is suddenly no grading.

They feel their history of excellence means nothing here, and they are at a loss of what to pursue. With no digits to compare, what can they do if they still want to be the best? However, for the students without a beautiful transcript, they may be frustrated, thinking about what can compensate for it. They may turn to develop other skills which are often helpful at work.

Comparing with each other to form a ranking list is not important any more when people work. Everyone has a different skill set and that is why people should collaborate. Just be yourself and that is fine, but it may be too late for straight-A students to learn this.

参考译文：

从小学开始学生的学业就被用分数衡量。对此许多学生，家长，老师都议论纷纷，有人喜欢它，也有人不喜欢它，但事实是老师们都继续打着分，就像不打分就会出什么事情一样。我认为即使打分确实有鼓励作用，它也只是鼓励学生记住老师教的内容，为准备考试而已，这和真正的学习并不等同。

首先，要做到绝对公平而理性的打分是不可能的，因此打分多少有点误导。举例来说，一个学生十分喜欢某个科目，很努力地去学，不管老师对于考试的要求是多少，而另一个则只集中精力于考试考察的东西上。虽然两个人智力上相当，理所当然后者的策略更有效率，也会的分更高。那么热爱这个科目，并且努力学很多东西的学生却多多少少被惩罚了。也会失望，这怎么公平呢？老师只看到他/她想要的表现，但其实一些学生付出了额外的努力。

此外，分数也会受到老师个人偏见的应先跟着可能是由于某些学生常来找老师聊天，问问题，老师更熟悉他们，而其他学生可能不太健谈的缘故。极端的情况是在大班，当一个班有超过200名学生时（确实存在于一些国家的顶尖大学中），对于教授来说认识每个学生是不可能的，甚至留一些项目作为作业都不可能，因为作业越复杂，评阅和打分就越花时间。因此，结果是只要求学生做几道题而已，只是通过看看书上例子或者抄别人的作业可以完成了

最后我们可以看一下分数对于所谓好学生的影响。在多年出色的学业成绩以后，优等生们开始在公司工作或开始自己的研究。想象一下突然没有打分了他们感觉会如何。他们感到辉煌的历史现在一文不值，对于自己该追求什么茫然若失。没有可以用于比较的数字，那么仍要成为最好该怎么做呢？然而，对于那些没有优异成绩单的学生来说，他们可能感到沮丧，然后思考不久的方法。他们可能转而去培养其他的能力，常常在工作中能派上用场。

互相之间比较然后列出一个排名表在工作中已经不再重要了。每个人都有自己的特别的技能，这正是人们应该合作的原因。只要做自己就好了，但对于优等生们来

说知道这个可能已经太晚了。

4. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Technology makes people’s life more complicated. (2008-02-23, 2009-06-21)

技术让人们的生活变得更复杂。同意与否？

结构：

不同意作者的观点

1. 科技进步使生活便利：飞机，汽车使得出行方便快捷，网络使得通信和信息检索方便快捷，机器解放人力；

2. 科技进步使工作便利：统计软件能够解决繁重的计算；

3. 让步：但是科技进步也使生活复杂，任务集成，更多的信息和知识要掌握更新，生活节奏加快。

Nowadays, the speedy advancement of technology has revolutionized our daily life thoroughly and undoubtedly. Along with the development of modern high technology, some people hold the opinion that life has been simplified, whereas others might disagree with them. Then the question has been put forward, “Do those novel innovations with high tech make our life more complicated?” As far as I am concerned, the answer to this question should be no for the following reasons.

In the first place, people’s daily life has been progressively easy and more relaxing with the assistance of highly developed technology. Modern transportation could enable people to travel from one place to the opposite side of the Earth within no more than half wait several months to correspond with friends or relatives living far away by the considerable convenience brought about by computer and the Internet. Google service is able to provide a mass volume of serviceable information taking a tenth of a second merely. Furthermore, people could enjoy more precious time with families by assigning exhausting housework to the machines. Hence, it is undoubtedly that our modern life has been increasingly simple.

In the second place, the burden of work has been alleviated with the up-to-date development of technology. Take one of my own experiences for example.

Fortunately, the working contents and forms have been transformed comprehensively since the computer has been invented. With the aid of well-developed statistical software, such as SPSS and SAS, which are able to solve the calculation in a few seconds with high accuracy, the date processing tends to be the easiest section of researchers’ job.

Admittedly, in order to keep pace with the rapid development of technology, people have to shoulder the pressure of grasping new knowledge and skills. Hence, life and work presently have become more complicated in some people’s opinions. However, as long as the further convenience and comfortable life those novel inventions could lead to are reckoned, it is safe to conclude that the development of modern technology is worth the paying out in advance.

In short, with the benefits of contemporary technology, modern life has become much easier and more comfortable.

参考译文：

现在，毫无疑问，技术的飞速进步给我们的日常生活带来了革命性的变化。随着现代科学技术的发展，一些人认为我们的生活被简化了，而另一些人则不这么认为。因此，这样的一个问题被提了出来：高科技带来的革新是否让我们的生活变得更复杂了？基于以下的这些原因，我对这一问题持否定态度。

首先，在高科技的辅助下，人们的日常生活变得越来越简单和舒适。现代的交通工具能够让人们在半天之内乘飞机从地球的一端到地球的另一端。私家车的出现使得人们能够在任何的时间在临近的城市或着郊区度周末，而不必浪费时间和精力排队购买火车票。另外，由于电脑和网络的出现，人们不用再花上数月等到来自远方的亲友的消息。Google能够使人们在眨眼之间获得大量的信息，进步一步说，通过把累人的家务劳动分派给机器，人们能够更多的享受和家人在一起的珍贵时间。因此，毫无疑问，我们的现代生活已经变得越来越简单。

其次，技术的日新月异的发展已经减轻了工作的负担。以我自己的亲身经历为例。从事统计和会计方面工作的人在过去如果要按照统计的原理处理大量数据，大部分时间都在进行重复运算。对于他们而言，在持续计算数个小时后，他们难以避免地会在计算中出现问题。幸运的是，自从电脑问世以来，工作的内容和形式被改变了，先进的统计软件，比如SPSS和SAS，能够在几秒钟之内准确解决计算问题；在它们的辅助下，数据处理成了研究者工作中最简单的一部分。

我们必须承认，为了能够跟上技术迅猛发展的速度，人们必须要不断掌握新的知识和技术。在这个过程中，人们不得不承受压力。因此，在一些人的眼里，现在的生活和工作已经变的越来越复杂。但是，只要考虑到这些技术发明能够为生活带来

的便利和舒适，我们就能够很有把握地认为现代技术的发展是值得我们提前为之付出的。

简而言之，由于现代技术带给现代生活的好处，现代生活已经变的简单和舒适多了。

5. Do you agree or disagree with following statement? Printed books will no longer exist in the future. (2007-08-04,2009-03-29)

未来不再有纸质书本的存在。同意与否？

结构：

不同意该观点，未来纸质书本和电子书本将会共存。

1. 电子书使用方便，环保，在电脑和网络的辅助下电子书会变得越来越流行；

2. 纸质书本因其性能稳定，便于携带和阅读而同样会继续存在下去。

范文：

Nowadays, with the advancement of technology, there have been increasingly types of reading materials in present life. For example, electronic books tend to be an alternative of the traditional printed books. There are furious controversies about their specific advantages as well as their prospect of development. Some people argue that printed books would be substituted by the electronic ones in the future, whereas others disagree with that. As far as I am concerned, considering numerous advantages of both of them, it is reasonable to posit that electronic books and the traditional ones would coexist in the world in the future for the following reasons.

On the one hand, the electronic books, due to the convenience they could bring about and their character of being eco-friendly, appear to be progressively popular with the aid of computer science and Internet. The convenient features could be demonstrated since no paper is involved in producing electronic books, they tend to be much more eco-friendly than printed books by preventing uncountable acres of forest from being hewed.

On the other hand, the most palpable benefits of printed books should be assigned to its stability for storage and suitability of reading. It has been universally accepted that the printed books are more reliable to store than the modern electronic ones, despite the fact

that they usually occupy more sizable on paper and stored in the libraries. In addition, the printed words seem to be more suitable for reading for human eyes. On the contrary, symptoms including being dizzy and tired could be common in the majority of people after reading electronic screen for a period longer than 30 minutes.

In short, due to the above reasons, it is advisable to adopt both printed and electronic books according to their specific characteristics.

参考译文：

现在，随着技术的进步，越来越多种的阅读材料出现在在生活中。比如，电子书逐渐成为传统印刷书籍的替代品。关于这两种书籍的具体优点及它们的发展前景，人们展开了热烈的讨论。一些人认为印刷书籍将来会被电子书所取代，而另外一些人则不同意该观点。在我看来，基于以下理由，传统书籍和电子书将会在未来世界中共同存在。

首先，由于其便利性和环保性，电子书在电脑和网络的辅助下变得越来越流行。方便的特性主要体现为他们便于携带，同时体积很小，节省空间。正如我们所知道的，印刷版的《韦氏词典》需要一个大背包才能装下，而它的电子版却可以被保存在手机上，大小只有数十比特（Kb），还能随时随地用来查找生词。进一步说，电子书不涉及到任何纸张，因此和传统的印刷书籍，电子书更加环保，因为无纸化就意味着阻止了一部分森林被砍伐。

另一方面，印刷书籍最明显的优点是它存储的稳定性和阅读的适合性。大家普遍接受的一点是：尽管非常占空间，印刷版的书籍比电子版的书籍存储起来更可靠。传染性的电脑病毒能够将电子书里的内容瞬间删除地干干净净。因此，记录着重要内容的书籍通常都制作成印刷版然后存放在图书馆里。此外，对于人眼而言，印刷出来的文字似乎更适于阅读。与之相反，如果面对电子书屏幕阅读超过30分钟，大部分的人都会出现头晕以及疲劳等症状。

简言之，基于以上原因，由于各自的特点，电子书和传统书籍应当共同采用。

6. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Good looks and dresses are more important success than good ideas. (2008-6-21, 2009-11-8)

如果要成功，亮丽的外表和光线的衣着比好点子更重要。同意与否？

结构：

不同意该观点，好的衣着确实能更人加分，不过对成功起决定作用的往往是想法。分析想法跟外表相比的特殊优势。

1. 外表容易被替代（独特性不如ideas），而原创的想法很难雷同，也就难以被替代；

2. 好的外表一般效果短暂（temporary），而想法将成为知识财产（intellectual property）被继承。审美疲累，热水澡的比喻；

3. 光鲜的衣着代价高，需要花费，也会带来一些负面效果——成功变的狭隘。比如外人对自己的期望，对亲情的忽视等。

范文：

Some people think that good looks and dresses are so important that they exceed good ideas. Most of us can feel that an attractive look adds points; however, I hold that we need also to examine their differences in how long they last, how unique they are and what kind of success they bring. In general, I believe good ideas are more important because of the following reasons.

The “look” today is so easy to make if one is determined to, which is facilitated by lots of make-up tools, tutorials or even professional design shops. If you betted on it and paid all your attention to merely the appearance, you would be defeated by someone that joins later and meanwhile you would lost the time for self-improvement.

a concept called “aesthetic fatigue” that refers to the fading of pleasure brought by good looks as time goes by. It is a universal process when people get used to something—as an old saying goes, “Good look is like a hot bath, in that it is not that hot when you get used to it.” But a cool idea remains cool forever as long as it works for people who refer to it.

Third, to maintain a good look costs so much that as a consequence, the success is no that enjoyable. One pays not only cash for good looks, but also time and attention. Once you use your appearance to make some achievements, you have to keep paying the bill because you have people’s expectation. Also, because you think of it too much, you could destroy valuable relationships on the way of pursuing it.

In conclusion I do think that good ideas matter much more than good looks to make

a breakthrough.

参考译文：

有些人认为外表，衣着很重要，甚至超过了好的想法的重要性。我们中大多数人都可以感受到外表吸引人能给人加分，不过我认为还需要考虑他们在长久性，独特性以及他们带来的成功上的区别。总的来说，我认为好的想法更为重要，有以下几点原因。

一是外表很容易模仿和替代，而想法很难巧合地雷同。与其冒着被一个外表更好看的人替代的危险，人们不应该过多地依赖外表而期待成功的发生。只要有决心借以化妆工具和教程，甚至专业设计的帮助，如今外表是很容易被制造出来的。若你只把赌注和注意力放在外表上，你可能被某个后来居上者打败，但同时本可以用来自我提升的时间却被浪费了。

其次，好外表带来的效果是暂时的，而不是永恒的。相比之下，好的想法则成为宝贵的知识财产而对很多人有益。有一种说法叫做“审美疲劳”，说的就是随着时间的流逝，外表上的美感会渐渐消失。当人们对一种东西产生习惯的时候，这样的过程就会发生，正如一句古谚所说：外表就如同一个热水澡。当你习惯了，它也就不那么吸引人了。但一个聪明的主意却永远不失其价值，只要有人还用到它。

此外，要保持好的容貌花费是可观，以至于成功并不会让人那么欣喜了。为了保持美丽的外表，人们不仅付出金钱还会花掉时间和精力。一旦你利用了你的外表取得了一些成绩，你就不得不继续付出这些代价，因为人们对你已经有了一些期许。而且，由于你对外表过于看重，你也可能失去你非常珍惜的友情和亲情。

总之，我认为，对于成功来说，好的想法比好的外貌重要的多。

7. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? In order to achieve success, we must be more like others than be different from others. (2008-10-11, 2010-2-7) 为了成功，最好是仿效别人而不是特立独行，同意与否？

结构：

不同意该观点。与别人不同才能达到自身意义的成功。

1. 制定自己的目标是成功的必要条件；

2. 找自己的方法，这样的你的成功才更有意义，更长久，也更有价值且更难忘。引用林肯的话说。原创性越低价值就越小；

3. 了解自己的长处，坚持做自己擅长的事。不论现实的目标达成与否，至少是值得的。

范文：

The key to success is what people have studied for years and years. I think that insistence on one’s personal goal, way of inventing and talent are common characteristics of the successful people I know. Exactly as a famous actress Taylor Momson said, “You cannot face the world unless you are yourself.”

The goal is always crucial before any actual step is taken, and only the most proper is the best. Because the vision is high while reality is low down, there is always a tension set up only through deep self-reflection.

With a goal and the knowledge on reality, the next process is to invent a solution by And only original ideas can be permanently valuable. Therefore, finding one’s own way to success can lead to significant breakthroughs. Moreover, one gets much rewarded by solving problems on himself/herself, such as the realization of self-worth and good memory. I like the words from Abraham Lincoln, “Always bear in mind that your own resolution to success is more important than any other one thing.”

Furthermore, it is the talent that we are born with that makes us special, and we will waste it unless we persist in following it to figure out what we should do. Sydney Smith once said, gift, we have the advantages over others.

To achieve success requires a lot more, such as determination, persistency, commitment and especially the attitude being ready for failures. But I would say that individual personality is above all.

参考译文：

人们一直在研究什么是成功的关键。我认为在我认识的成功人士中。坚持自己的目标，自己解决问题的方式和自己的天赋是共同特征。正如著名演员Taylor Momson所说：“除非做你自己，否则不足以面对整个世界。”

在作出任何实际行动之前，目标总是非常关键的，而且只有最合适的目标才是最好的。因为梦想总是高于现实。因此两者之前存在一种张力，驱使人们通过寻找解决问题的方法而实现自己的梦想。但很明显，不是所有的行动都会如愿。因为很多情况下人们不能根据自己所面对的事实定出合理的目标。要成功，正确的目标是必须的，而只有深刻认识自己才能制定一个这样的目标。

有了目标和对现实的了解，下一步就是自己找到解决方法，却是可以借鉴许多成功例子的经验，不过由于大家面对的问题不各不相同。所以最好的解决方法只能出自当事人自己。而且，只有原创性的想法才最具长久价值。因此，自己摸索的路才能通向巨大的成功。此外，人们也能从自己解决问题的过程中获得很多回报，比如自我价值的实现和珍贵的回忆。我喜欢林肯说的话，“永远记住你自己的成功发放比任何其他事情都重要。“

另外，我们区别于他人之处是我们自己与生俱来的天赋。除非我们按自己的天赋来选择要做的事，否则它就会浪费。Syndey Smith曾经说过：“不论你本质上是什么样子，就保持这样吧，不要把自己的天赋抛弃掉。顺从自然本性，你将成功，否则你将一事无成。“只有当我们的工作与天赋相吻合时，与别人相比，我们才有优势。

成功的必要因素还有很多，比如决心，坚持，全力以赴，尤其是面对失败的态度。不过我认为个人的本性还是重中之重。

8. Do you agree or disagree with following statement? People who have several skills are more successful than those who only know one skill? (2010-6-26北美)

有多种技能的人比与只会一种技能的人更成功。同意与否？

结构：

同意该观点。“通才”比“专才”更可能成功。有以下几点原因：

1. 能够拥有多种技能通常意味着学习能力较强，接受知识快；

2. 多种技能有更多可能性，即学科交叉的组合。也能在失业时另辟蹊径（模特，运动员等）；

3. 现代社会中很多高级职业都需要通才：创业者（指主流社会公认的成功人士，他们通常博学多才，需要懂得技术，市场，法律，管理等知识来管理一个产业。）咨询师，系统工程师等。

范文：

I agree with the statement that people who have several skills are more successful than those who only know one, not only because more skills mean stronger ability of

learning, but also multi-skilled people meet the qualifications required in modern society.

First of all, we can say that people with several skills are generally better in learning new things, for not everyone is able to obtain a larger skill set. In colleges, another skill other than one’s major means lots of extra time and effort spent, for example, to learn a foreign language. As for professional skills, one also needs to spend time in training, such as driving. Therefore, given that time is equally limited for everyone, usually people acquire several skills because they learn faster, which will benefit them a lot in their career.

Secondly, there are more and more choices of career to the people with several skills. Examples are like operational research, industrial engineering, or biomedical informatics. For instance, models or athletes cannot make one career for a life-time; they need to change to another after a certain age of retirement. In economical depression, many securities trader lose their job. Therefore, people with several skills can make new ways facing the inevitable employment fluctuations.

Lastly, many professionals, especially those considered as very successful in the mainstream society, are generalists with more than one skill. Examples abound: entrepreneurs need knowledge of a specific technology, management, law and marketing in order to start up a company and run it. System engineers need to study a large local project that involves environment, economy, and transportation issues. Armed with several skills, these people, often mentioned as “elites”, have their edge.

In conclusion, people with several skills show their learning ability along with their potential and playing different roles in the society, which means they can be more successful.

参考译文：

我同意拥有多种技能的人要比只会一种技能的人更成功。因为拥有多种技能不仅意味着更高的学习能力，也能在现代社会里满足各种资质要求。

首先，有多种技能的人，可以说是具备更强的学习新事物的能力，因为不是每个想学多项技能的人都能做到。在大学里，多学一门技能意味着主修之外要多耗费时

间和精力，比如学习一门外语。至于专业能力，人们也需要花时间进行训练，比如开车。由于时间对于每个人来说都是同样有限的，所以通常掌握多项技能意味着学东西更快，而这项能力会让他们在职业发展中受益匪浅。

其次，对于拥有多种技能的人来说，职业的选择也愈发多样化。几十种交叉学科相机出现，多数情况下都需要两到三种传统的专业知识，比如运筹学，工业工程，生物医学信息等。而且，由于商品市场的巨大变化和个人原因，劳动力市场也总是存在波动，造成了失业和再就业。比如模特和运动员就不能终身从事他们的职业；他们必须在退役事另一种行业。经济萧条时，很多证券交易员会丢掉工作。因此，拥有不同技能的人面对不可避免的就业波动时能寻找新的出路。

最后，许多专业人士，尤其是主流社会认为非常成功的那些，都是多领域的通才。例子很多，比如创业者需要技术，管理，法律和市场的只是来建立和运营自己的公司。系统工程师需要结合当地环境，经济和交通情况来研究一个大的项目。更不用提咨询师了。他们为各种各样的组织，如公司，非政府组织和教育机构等解决问题。这种用多种技能武装自己，常被称为精英的人们，有着他们的优势。

总的来说，多种技能不但表明拥有更强的学习能力，也展现出在社会中扮演多种较强的潜力。从而也意味着他们会更成功。

9. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Successful people take part in new things and take risks rather than do things that they have done well. (2007-3-17) 成功者总是冒险尝试新事物而不是重复做他们已经做的很好的事情。同意与否？

结构：

同意该观点。做好任何事情都需要适应变化，敢于去尝试他人未曾尝试的事；对未知和风险的畏惧在成功者身上很难看到。

1. 尝试新的事物能够开拓新的思路，给人更多的挑战，使人生经历丰富。只有从不会做到能胜任的过程才是学习；这种过程经历得越多，便离成功的人生越近；

2. 尝试新事物，承担风险也能使人适应更多的变化。在当代社会里没有什么是一成不变的，很难以老的方法维持多年的成功；

3. 话说回来，做自己已经擅长的事情确实安全，但却没有什么变化，也得不到什么进步。

范文：

I agree with the statement that successful people take part in new things and take risks rather than do things that they have done well. One need to be adapted to changes in order to do anything well, and the fear of the unknown and risks seldom appears on

successful people.

Participating in new things can open one’s sight, broaden one’s way of thinking and enrich one’s life experience. In a brand new stage of life where people guess, try and prove, people learn the most through the transformation of being incapable to being

Trying new things and taking risks are not merely helpful to learning but also essential for us to adapt to changes. As the famous quote from the Origin of Species goes, “The fittest survive.” Imagine that an experienced physician in department of neurology would be more successful if he learned to play with the new MRI instrument; otherwise he would be less competitive when new interns equipped with the technical knowledge won their advantage over him.

In contrast, keeping doing what one is already good at can hardly be beneficial to learning, progress or competitiveness however safe it is. Universally, man tends to be more comfortable with old problems rather than new solutions because the trial of new method may lead to a complete failure. But on the other hand, successful people never see a failure, just as Thomas Edison said, “I have not failed, I just found 10,000 ways that did not work.” obviously.

In a word, the courage to start doing new things and take the corresponding risks is a feature of the successful, while fear of the unknown and uncertain can be found from those who have nothing valuable accomplished.

参考译文：

我同意成功的人会尝试新事物并承担风险，而不是一直做他们已经能做好的事情。做好任何事情都需要适应变化，而对未知和风险的恐惧很少在成功人士身上发现。

参与新事物可以开拓人的视野和思路，丰富人生经历。人们在全新的人生阶段中猜测着，尝试着，也证明着，正是从不会做到能胜任的过程中，人们收获最大。被认为真正成功的人通常经历过各种各样的学习过程、通过长时间的积累，变成了他

们的个人技巧和能力的一部分，并最终帮助他们成功。

尝试新的事物与承担风险不仅有助于学习，也是我们适应变化所必须的。如《物种起源》中注明的一句话所说的：适者生存。因为现代社会一成不变的，可用一套老方法对付的问题几乎不存在，所以只有那些能不断学习新方法，新理论，技巧的人才能在社会的巨变中保持成功。比如，一个有经验的神经科医师若能学习使用新的核磁机器便会更加成功，若不能，则与新来的那些懂得使用新技术的实习生竞争中处于劣势。

相比之下，一直做自己已经擅长的事情无论多安全，却对学习，进步和提高竞争力几乎没有益处。人类普遍倾向于保持就问题的存在而不是开拓新的解决方案，因为新方案的尝试可能导致失败。但另一方面，那些成功人士通常不把失败看成失败，正如爱迪生说的：“我没失败过，我只是找到了一万种无效的做法而已。”旧工作和新尝试的价值截然不同：做那些人人皆可为的事叫做“劳动”，而尝试那些无人能为之的事叫做“发明”。很明显，发明者更可能被认为是成功者。

总之，开始新尝试和承担相应风险的勇气是成功人士的特征；而对未知和不确定因素的畏惧总能在一事无成的人身上找到。

10. Do you agree or disagree with following statement? Environmental problems are too complex that individuals can almost contribute nothing. (2008-3-14, 2010-1-23) 环境问题太复杂了，个人对此几乎无能为力。同意与否？

结构：

不同意该观点。环境的破坏是人类长期发展的结果，保护它也是落在所有人身上的责任。

1. 改变一些生活小习惯，在节约纸回收方面，个人可做的事很多；

2. 在个人消费中有意识地做有利于环境的选择。认识到可卡因对环境的危险，以及间接限制野生动物交易；

3. 行使公民政治权利，在选举中偏向推行环保政策的官员。

范文：

the process of the improvement.

People could change some small habits to those favored by environment. For

instance, many means of reducing the use of papers require little efforts. Payments can be done online to save the receipts produced and the gasoline on the way of traveling. A phone call to the company could cancel the junk mail they send to you for advertising and save your part of papers. To leave enough time for lunch and dine in the cafeteria instead of “to go” could save the foam plates and paper cupsOnce the low-carbon lifestyle is settled, one can contribute considerably in the long run.

In the choices of personal consumptions, individual behaviors can influence the entire global market. As for necessities of everyday life, one could choose energy saving devices and furniture made by recycling materials. By this means people could make some contributions to the environmental protection. Besides, some illegal market of consumables harmful to the environment could collapse by themselves without many buyers. A gram of cocaine can destroy four square meters of forest. Avoiding dealing with drugs will do your part for the environment. Similarly, if one stops being a buyer of wild animal products, the animals left win a higher chance to survive.

Furthermore, the individual contribution to protecting the environment could be made when they exert their political rights as citizens. In the elections people who are concerned with the environment issues could vote for the candidate that will ensure the policies favoring them.

Similar to other major changes in human history, individual contributions may be trivial in a short time but are considerable in the long run.

参考译文：

环境保护是落在每一个肩上的责任，正如它的破坏源于人类对自然的干扰一样。尤其是在工业革命之后。我认为个人对于环保的贡献可以是非常显著的。

人们可以通过日常生活中一些小习惯的改变来改善环境。比如，有很多方法可以减少纸张的使用，而且非常容易做到。网上支付可以省下收据用的纸，还有路上耗掉的汽油。打电话给那个总给你寄垃圾广告的公司。从此以后省下你的那份纸。中午预充足的时间吃午饭，在餐厅里用餐而不是打包带走，就省下了那些泡沫盘子和纸杯。更不用说如果一个人使用公共交通而不开车，走楼梯而不是乘电梯。还有悬挂晾干衣服而不烘干，他一年可以省下多少能源。一旦养成地毯的生活习惯，长期的贡献是不可估量的。

在进行个人消费的选择时，个人行为可能影响整个全球市场。拿生活中的必需品来说，一个人可以去选择那些节能电器和可回收材料家具。这样人们可以对环保做

出一定的贡献。此外，一些非法交易对环境有害的产品的市场，只有没有很多买家便会自动瓦解。1克可卡因可以毁掉4平方米森林，不去交易毒品便是尽一份力。类似地，不去买野生动物制品能让更多野生动物存活下来。

在行使个人权利的时候也可以体现出个人对于环保的贡献。在选举关心环境问题的人们可以去推举那些提出环境保护性政策的候选人。

与人类历史上其他的变化相似，个人的作用短期内也许微不足道，但长远来看确实不可忽视的。

11. Do you agree or disagree with following statement? A friend who is intelligent is more important than a friend who has a sense of humor. (2008-1-4)

智慧的朋友比幽默的朋友更重要。同意与否？

结构：

人应该珍惜友谊，也应该对朋友有慎重的选择。在聪明的朋友和幽默的朋友之间，我想后者更重要：

1. 和幽默的朋友在一起度过的时间更快乐。Kennedy说过，要看是不是真正的朋友，只需看你是否能和他/她度过最简单平凡的时间；

2. 经历挫折时，幽默感可以减轻痛苦，因为幽默是种睿智的体现，是一种人生态度。事无巨细都在乎则很容易有挫败感，把名利看得太重容易失去自我。最难过的时刻人需要的不是建议；

3. 聪明固然重要，但别人的智慧很难为我所用；若与比自己聪明的人交朋友，他们会觉得无趣，因为从你这里所获甚少；而你会养成听别人意见，逃避独立思考的习惯。友谊中不能想着单向获取，应将心比心。

范文：

Friendship is a precious, ideal relationship, in which friends understand each other, but need not agree with everything or go always together, or have no comparable other friendships of the same intimacy. Admittedly, extraordinary qualities like intelligence and a sense of humor are attractive from a potential new friend. To compare the two I would argue the latter one is of more importance, yet one needs to notice a rewarding friendship needs much more to build and keep.

A sense of humor of a friend can contribute to the pleasant time to spend with him/her. Kennedy once said, “The real test of friendship is: can you literally do nothing with the other person? Can you enjoy together those moments of life that are utterly simple? They are the moments people look back on at the end of life and number as their

most sacred experiences.” With few exceptions, people prefer easy, interesting talks with a humorous friend to rigorous, intensive discussions with an intelligent one.

Friends with a sense of humor can be helpful to you especially when you are experiencing a hard time. The ability to be humorous itself represents, under most circumstances, a wise attitude towards life because humor comes from the carelessness of unimportant details and the courage to confront frustration. Though intelligent friends may work out a best solution for you, the haunting haze of failure is not likely to be resolved since your attitude is more fundamental to your problem. It is the heat of sunlight that melts thick ice rather than the force of a spade.

Moreover, one should be careful with making friends for their intelligence. First, intelligence is not contagious, which means one is not likely to be smarter through being a smart person’s companion. Second, the more intelligent one of the pair may feel nothing much rewarding in the relationship since he/she always gives useful suggestions but receives none. Third, having been intelligently inferior to his/her friends for a long time, one could develop a habit of relying on others instead of thinking actively him/herself.

As is discussed above, friends with a sense of humor can be helpful in many ways. However, there is still one thing important to know: friendship is mutual, which requires understanding rather than judgment. As Arnold Bennet said, “It is well, when judging a friend, to remember that he is judging you with the same godlike and superior impartiality.”

参考译文：

朋友们互相理解，不需要在所有事情上看法一致，不需要总黏在一起，更不需要排除同样亲密的其他友谊。所以友谊是非常珍贵和理想的关系。诚然，一些卓越的品质，如聪明或幽默会吸引别人与之交朋友。我认为两者之间，后者更重要，不过应该注意建立和保持有价值的友谊需要的不止这些。

具有幽默感的朋友可以使和他/她在一起的时间更愉快。肯尼迪说过，“真正友谊的测试就是：你是否能和这个人在一起而不做任何事，是否能从最简单的时光中得到快乐? 人们在走到生命的尽头时回首一生，往往认为这些时光是最神圣的。”除少数例子外，人们愿意与一个幽默的朋友在一起进行轻松有趣的聊天，而不是和一个聪明的朋友进行一个严肃且紧张的讨论。

在你经历艰难的时候，朋友的幽默感很有帮助。多数情况下，富有幽默感代表着对生活睿智的态度，因为幽默的来源是对不重要的细节的淡然。以及面对挫败的勇气。虽然聪明的朋友可以帮你找到一个非常好的解决方案，但失败的阴霾始终会萦

绕于你心头，因为你面对它的态度才是问题的本质，正如阳光的温暖才能融化坚冰，而铲子的暴力做不到。

并且，若一个人以朋友的聪明为目的去交友，他/她应该小心了。首先，聪明无法传递，也就是说一个人不会因为有聪明的同伴而变聪明；其次，两个朋友中更聪明的那个可能会感到在这个关系中所获甚少，因为自己总是给出有用的建议，却从来得不到回报；第三，若与比自己聪明的人长期相处，则有可能养成依赖他人而不自己主动去思考的习惯。

综上所述，具有幽默感的朋友在很多方面是有帮助的。然而，还有重要的一点要明白：友谊是互相的，它需要理解而不是评判。正如阿诺德本涅特所言：“如果你去评判你的朋友，你应该记住他们也会用同样超然的，公正的眼光去评判你。”

12. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The best way to travel is in a group led by the tour guide. (2006-11-18, 2008-03-02)

旅行的最好方式是参加由导游带领的旅行团，同意与否？

结构：

不同意，认为独自旅行更好。

1. 导游会破坏人们的创造力；

2. 导游会影响人们的心情；

3. 让步：导游带团出行也存在一定的好处，但从旅行的目的来看，还是独自旅行更好。

范文：

How come the drastic turnabout appeared? Presumably, you are doomed with the futile attempt the moment ink your name in the contract with the tour agency. The culprit who shall take the blame is the tour guide.

the security megastar back to 1920s, is in the right place to illustrate that point. He hit the road like a maverick on his own, with the absence of distraction of jabbering tour guide

and pressing schedule typical of group tour, Gann disposed his time at his own discretion during an extending journey all the way from Great Britain to Egypt. Thanks to his decision to travel on his own, he avariciously nourished himself with inspirational cultures that would otherwise be inanimately interpreted by the tour guide.

Moreover, the tour guide is also detrimental to the tourists’ mood. What is a tour for? However, most “healing trips” only end up with a vain hope, because of meanly mercenary nature of some tour guides. It is not a rare case in which many tourists accuse tour guides of forcing them to buy souvenirs that they do not need. How can people have a nice trip if they find themselves tricked? Under circumstances of this kind, tourists cannot have a nice temper back home.

Admittedly, there are some advantages of traveling with a group led by a tour guide. On the one hand, people need not worry about where to find hotels and restaurants; on the other hand, a tour guide could make the tour profound and interesting.

Consequently, it is an advisable choice to travel by yourself. Only in this way could you find the real meaning of traveling creatively and enjoy yourself fully.

参考译文：

想象这样一个情形：曾经梦想了无数次的地中海梦幻之旅最终却以你带着无比郁闷的心情旅行归来而告终。为什么会发生这样的逆转呢？ 据推测，当你和旅行社签订合约的时候，你的努力就已经注定失败了。导游就是造成这一结果的罪魁祸首。

首先导游抹煞了创造力。正如我们经常所看到的，团体旅游时，缺乏鉴赏能力却又喋喋不休的导游机械地为游客们营造记忆中的美景。这样的行为无异于对人们创造力的谋杀。20世纪20年代的证券业巨头威廉江恩非常好地论证了这一点。他独自踏上旅程，没有多嘴的导游，没有紧凑的行程安排，江恩按照自己的喜好分配时间，享受并完成了一趟从英国直到埃及的旅行。多亏了决定自己单独旅行，他才能够贪婪地沉浸在赋予人无限灵感的文化和美景之中，而这一切的美好，一定会在导游千篇一律的讲解当中变得索然无味。

而且，导游会破坏旅行者的情绪。旅行的目的是什么呢？对于大部分人来说，旅行主要是通过于大自然的亲近从而回复情绪或释放压力。但是，大部分的“疗伤之旅”都因为导游的唯利是图而变成一场徒劳。游客们常常会指责导游强迫自己购买

并不需要的纪念品。如果人们发现自己被骗了，他们怎么可能会享受自己的旅行呢？在这样的情况下，游客们是不可能带着良好的情绪回家的。

必须承认的是，报名旅行团也不是没有好处。一方面，人们不用担心食宿；从另一方面来说，导游也可以让旅行充满乐趣并且意义深远。但是，和导游对旅游的破坏力相比较，这些好处变得不那么重要，因为旅行一旦被毁，它就是一场对于时间，金钱以及所有一切的浪费。

因此，独自出行是一个明智的选择。只有这样，你才能够有创造性地发现旅行的意义以及最大程度地享受其中的乐趣。

13. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is better to use personal knowledge and experiences to solve problems, rather than ask fro other people’s advice. (2009-3-7)

最好利用自己的知识和经验独立解决问题而不是寻求别人的建议。同意与否？

结构：

很难同意任何一边，采用正反兼顾的结构：对于不同的问题也应该有不同的策略。可以参照“一个人永远不应该独自做重大决定的分析，将私事与公事分开讨论。也可以按照如下提纲：

1. 对于自己熟悉的领域，自己有充分的信心可以解决好问题的时候并不一定要听别人的意见。毕竟有些事情自己是最清楚的，别人的意见会成为桎梏；

2. 继续阐释1，讲一个故事：小马过河；

3. 在自己并不是十分确定的时候，多听意见好处很多；开拓思路，很可能最终找到的是多种方法相结合的最佳方案。找专业人士作为资源；

4. 在问题涉及他人利益的时候，必须咨询他人的意见。

范文：

For every individual, it is his/her own set of knowledge and specific experience that make his/her distinct from others. They can either use them to solve the problems they face or ask for other people’s advice instead. I would not jump to a conclusion of which way is better, since the better varies from situation to situation.

Under some circumstances, you are very confident of your solution to a problem because you are the one to know it best; it involves your familiar field; or rather, in the

If you rely on other’s advice completely you may not arrive at the right conclusion. There is a tale elucidating so: a young horse was going to cross a river, and he asked an adult cow how deep it was and was told very shallow.” Then he asked a duck the same question but got a completely different answer: “frightening deep!”for himself.

Under other circumstances, however, it is beneficial for you to seek advice, especially from the professional and experienced people. Having gone through many similar problems, they know them much better than you do. Being upon to their suggestions can save you lots of time of walking on wrong paths.

Besides, if the problem involved other people’s interests, you would be required to In the international organizations, global environmental issues are discussed and solved by all nations of membership to a protocol or convention, such as those in UN Convention of Law of the Sea. Otherwise, an international dispute may happen in that interests of different sides are impossible to be balanced by only one person.

To correctly solve a problem, the best way depends on situations. Never be determined to do everything alone or ask everything from others.

参考译文：

对每个人来说，是他们的知识和经历使自己区分与他人。他们可以用这些去解决所面对的问题，也可以咨询别人。我并不能说哪个一定更好，因为不同情况下会有不同的结论。

有些情况下，你对你自己相处的解决方案十分自信。因为你是最了解问题的人；它涉及你熟悉的领域，甚至在极端情形下，这问题就是你私人问题。毕竟，结合自己的认识和经历，你的判断是最有价值的资源。正如法国这人加缪所言：“经验不可创造，必须亲身经历之。“

若完全依赖他们的建议，你可能无法得到正确的结论。有个寓言讲的就是这个道理：一只马想要过一条河，他问一只成年奶牛这河有多深，奶牛告诉他“浅的要命”； 他又问一只鸭子同样的问题，得到的答案却是差之千里：“浅的要命。”。当然，直到他自己尝试着过去那条河的时候，他才不再感到困惑了：其实并不太深也并不太浅。他于是知道别人的感受对于自己可能并不适用。

在另外一些情况下，听取别人的建议却是有益尤其是向专业和有经验的人请教。由于有过太多相似的经历，他们比你了解的多；接受他们的建议可以让你少走很多弯路。

此外，当这个问题涉及到他人的利益时，你受到法律或惯例的约束，必须向他们询问意见。若你自行解决，可能会在不知情中损害他们的利益。在国际组织里，全球的环境问题都是在所有成员国之间讨论和解决的，比如联合国海洋公约；否则，一个人不可能做到将各方利益均衡，这将引起国际争端。

要想正确地解决一个问题，最好的方法视情形而定。永远不要抱着所有事情都自己做或者所有事情都问别人的信条。

14. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? One of the best ways for parents to help their teenage children prepare for adult life is to encourage them to have part-time jobs. (2009-10-24)

父母帮助孩子为成年生活做好准备的最好方法之一是鼓励他们做兼职工作。同意与否？

结构：

写正面只需总结一下年轻人兼职的好处，角度可多种多样：对他们的工作，学习，人格养成有好处，或者使他们有责任感，懂得计划，丰富人生经历等； 写反面需要写些兼职不好的地方，如不安全，耽误学习等，再谈谈其他比做兼职好的锻炼方式。本例文写正面。

同意让孩子们做兼职是为成年生活做准备的最好方式之一。父母是未成年人的监护者，应该合理地建议他们去做他们感兴趣的兼职。

1. 工作几乎是所有成年人必须做的事情。尽早地利用课余时间直接体验成年人的生活，无疑是最好的锻炼，比起听父母的抱怨工作的艰辛或工作的有趣要真实得多。适时开始通过真正的工作锻炼是十分有益甚至是必须的，类比野生动物；

2. 做一些兼职可以丰富孩子们的生活。认识朋友，培养爱好。因为兼职并不像正式工作那样有众多要求（比如工资），孩子们可以在兼职中做自己喜欢的事，如音乐人，图书管理员等；

3. 做兼职使孩子们有自己的收入，让他们学会管理自己的“资产”，规划自己的消费。

注意：一边倒式的结构，结尾可以用让步自然收尾。

范文：

As custodians of their teenage children, parents have the duty to give appropriate suggestions on their children’s preparation for adapting to adult life. I hold that one of the best ways to encourage them is to do part-time jobs. The reasons are as following.

A natural idea is that the best way to prepare for something is to have a try on the real one, like an online mock test of iBT. Given the topic of the adult life, for most people the first thing comes to mind is not controversial: work. In this sense, a part-time job is perfect as a pre-experience of a formal appointment to train the skills of task management, communication, cooperation, etc. “Seeing is believing”, and in this way teenagers would learn much more than that through imagining what real working is like from parents’ complaints or excitement about their jobs.

Moreover, when the right time comes, to participate in the first part-time job is even imperative because it can be dangerous to send a young adult without any real social experience directly to work.

The second positive aspect for doing part-time jobs is that children’s life can be enriched in this way. Unlike formal, long-term jobs, children do not necessarily consider means, at the same time, the children get a higher chance to make new friends with similar personalities.

Apart from what have been discussed, income is still another advantage of doing part-time jobs. The teenagers would treat their “asset” seriously since they know clearly the difficulties to raise it. Some may even learn investment as a strategy against the persistent inflation, while others may be shrewder and shrewder in planning of expenses.

Though there are considerable benefits for teenagers to participate in part-time jobs, parents are nonetheless responsible to ensure their safety and protect their interests with legal sense.

参考译文：

作为年轻子女的监护人，父母有责任为了让孩子更好地适应成人生活而适当地建

议他们做些准备。我认为做好的方式之一是鼓励他们做些兼职。原因如下。

说到为一件事做什么准备，一个自然的想法就是去试试，像iBT的在线模拟考试一样。对于许多人来说，提到成年生活，第一个想到的都是工作。在这种意义下，兼职是正式工作的最好的准备方式，可以锻炼处理任务的能力，交流能力和合作能力等。“眼见为实”，青少年可以通过这种方式学到很多东西，比光听父母描述工作的恼人或有趣，然后加以想象要多的多。

而且，时机到了的时候，参加第一份兼职是十分必要的。因为把一个毫无社会经验的年轻人放到社会上去可能会有危险。我可以用英国灵长类动物学家珍古道尔的纪录片来进一步说明这一点： 该片记录了一只母黑猩猩没能成功地让自己的成年你的儿子离开她，后来她死了之后，她儿子由于没有独立生存的能力，便跟着也死了。

做兼职的第二个好处是可以丰富孩子们的生活。与一份正式而长久的工作不同，孩子们找兼职的时候一般不用考虑工资或升职可能性之类的问题来限制他们的选择。他们其实完全可以把爱好和工作结合到一起：比如有音乐天赋的孩子可以去作曲和组乐队，对那些喜欢读书的孩子来说可以去图书馆当管理员。与此同时，这样还能让他们有更大的机会交到志同道合的朋友。

除了以上讨论过的，收入是做兼职的另一个好处。由于深深了解了赚钱不易，孩子们就会认真对待他们的“财产”。有些甚至学会投资，以免让钱在不断的通货膨胀下贬值；有些则在计划开销时越来越精明。

虽然让孩子们去做兼职好处多多，父母还是要有法律意识，负起保护他们安全和利益的责任。

15. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People buy things not because they need them but because other people have them. (2008-9-1, 2009-11-22) 人们买东西并不是出于需要而只是为了效仿别人。同意与否？

结构：

同意该观点。现代社会里人们买的东西，生活基本需要只占很小一部分了。为什么买的东西那么多？很大程度上是受了他人的影响。

1. 这种影响是下意识的，非常细微：一般通过看到别人使用某种产品或消费某种服务——榜样效应。进入消费主义时代；

2. 当别人拥有整个社会都崇拜的东西，对你来说拥有它意义重大，比如豪华的住房；

3. 有的东西，因为别人都买所以你不得不买，比如高等教育（房地产以外的又一大

泡沫）。

范文：

People’s living standard has been improved due to development of technology and social systems. Actually, from a shopping list of an average family nowadays, few things are for survival needs such as dining or personal care. Why are we still buying so much?

A very important fact is that we buy things under the influence of others.

subjects people see everyday are commercial products. On the way you walk to work, lots of cars catch your attention every day. Gradually you cultivate your own taste of cars and have your own preference, for example, you would love to have a Porsche Cayenne S in champagne. Then every time you see it you feel more in need of one, which eventually cause a purchase.

Second, when other people own something that the mainstream of a society think highly of, the meaning of owning the same thing becomes For example, in the city of Shanghai there is a commercial community called Tangchen where the price is 30,000 dollars per square meter. It locates in the business center of the city and the interior design of the houses is by Versace. Living in it is sure to be different from in a two-bedroom apartment, but the difference is only that it is bigger. But the case is, in China, if you live there people see you differently. Sometimes you gain trust more easily.

Last, there is still another source of the influence of buying—you are forced to buy something when all the others buy it. Education is a perfect example. When most of the job-hunters are with the bachelor’s degrees, you need to pay all undergraduate tuition fees in order to hunt a good job. But when the situation changes to that most people get trained in a master program, you need to pay more to keep up. Otherwise, it is difficult to hunt jobs when you are inferior to all the other candidates in education. However, the intelligent structure of population does not change according to degree names. Whether the advanced education is helpful at work remains a question.

Therefore, people are influenced to buy things that they do not need, by each other. Consumption has been grown to an extent that is far more than survival requirements.

参考译文：

由于技术与社会体系的发展，人们的生活水平提高了。事实上，现在从一个一般家庭的购物清单上就可以看出，极少的花费是用于个人基本的生活需要的，比如饮食和个人护理。为什么我们仍在买这么多东西？一个重要原因便是他人的影响。

首先，这种影响是下意识的，一般称为“榜样效应”，即看到别人正在使用一个产品或消费一次服务。二战结束后，世界进入消费主义时代，每天进入人们视线的东西绝大多数是商业产品。每天你去公司的路上，都能看到很多辆汽车。渐渐地你产生了自己对汽车的品味和偏好，比如你开始觉得拥有一辆香槟色的保时捷卡宴不错。你越常看见它，就越想拥有它，最终你就会去买下它了。

其次，当别人拥有了主流社会崇拜的东西，那么拥有它意义就变的重大。对消费者来说，这些产品或服务作普通使用的目的来说并没那么高的价值，但却能够代表他们的阶层和身份。以上海的房产为例，著名小区汤臣一品位于该市金融中心，室内装饰范思哲设计，房价是30，000美元每平方米。虽然住在这样一栋房子里显然和住在普通两居室里不同，不过主要的差别只是面积而已。问题是在中国，人们会根据住在这里而你对你另眼相待，你会更容易取得信任。

最后，还有另一种因素影响购买欲——有的东西，当所有人都买时，你就被迫花这笔钱了。教育是一个最好的例子。如果大多数找工作的人士本科毕业生，你想要找到好工作就一定得先付掉所有的本科的学费。但若大多数人都去参加硕士培训项目，你就要花更多的钱保持竞争力。否则，当你学历比所有其他的竞争者低时，找到工作对你来说就是很难的事情了。然而，人口的智力结构并不随着学位名称而改变；高等教育对工作到底是否有帮助还是一个值得讨论的问题。

因为，人们受到互相的影响而去买一些他们非必需的商品，消费就这样增长到一种远远大于生活需要的程度。

16. Do you agree or disagree with following statement? The way a person is dressed in is a good indication of his/her character or personality. （2010-4-24北美）

一个人的穿着能够反映他/她的性格。同意与否？

结构：

同意该观点。当你不会太主观地臆断和加入太多偏见时，穿着代表个性的说法是对的。

1. 穿着制服可以表现专业和礼貌。制服的重要性；

2. 干净整洁的穿着体现了人的基本生活态度；

3. 个人穿衣风格对人的性格有暗示。色彩心理学：颜色暗示心理； 目前流行的哥特风格； 电影The Devil Wears Prada的例子。

范文：

I agree with the idea that the way of being dressed is an indication of personality or character, if you do not judge people too subjectively or form biases according to just the outfits.

Firstly, a person can be dressed to show his/her profession and politeness. In lots of cases, suites or uniforms indicate some particular jobs, such as waiters, policemen and stewardesses. If a policeman declares he is a policeman without wearing uniform, the audience gets the unprofessional impression. Therefore, people who have a serious attitude about their jobs wear suits or uniforms. You can distinguish the not so serious ones from them by this way.

Secondly, being dressed clean and properly show a person’s basic attitude of living and the knowledge of social standards. Wearing dirty clothes is a signal of being badly off, which is especially common in movies. Wearing the right dress in the right occasion, however, shows that the person is aware of and respects the tradition.

people love to wear have great mental implication: white represents easy-going, red for being courageous in decision, blue for being blue and calm, green for loving freedom and being reliable, etc. Style shows more about a person. Gothic style is corresponding to a taste of loving mystery, while vintage to loving traditional art. In the movie The Devil Wears Prada, Andy wears “her grandpa’s skirt” on her first day of work and everyone understands at least she is an easy-going, great person but an outsider in Runway. Other “skinny glamorous” girls wearing formal and fashionable dresses and make-ups look more inaccessible.

You can get some information from the way people are dressed—if you do not judge too much. After all, outfits are not a means of communication, and language does much better.

参考译文：

我同意此观点： 当你不会太主观地臆断和加入太多偏见时，穿着代表着个性。

首先，一个人可以通过衣着来表现自己的职业态度和礼貌。许多情况下，制服或正装代表着特定的工作，比如服务生、警察和空姐。如果一个警察在没穿制服的情

况下，大声说自己是警察，听者会觉得他很不可靠。因此对自己的工作有一份谨慎认真的态度的人工作时都愿传制服或正装。态度随便的人一眼便可看出

其次，干净整洁的穿着体现着一个人的基本生活态度和对社会标准的了解。衣服太脏代表着穷困潦倒的生活，尤其是在电影里。而在正确的场合穿合适的衣服则代表此人对传统的意识和尊重。

再次，个人的穿衣风格可以很好地代表其品位和性格。色彩心理学表明人们喜欢穿的颜色有很强的心理暗示： 白色代表随和好相处， 红色代表勇气和决断力，蓝色代表忧郁和冷静， 绿色代表爱自由和值得信任，等等。风格则代表着一个人更多的东西。与哥特风格相对应的是喜欢神秘感，复古风格则代表对传统艺术的热爱。在电影The Devil Wears Prada中，安迪在第一天工作时穿着“奶奶的裙子”，于是所有人都知道了她很好相处但却是杂志社的局外人。那些穿着正式而时尚，画着精致彩妆的骨感模特则看起来很有距离感。

你确实可以从人们的穿着中获得一些信息，但别太主观。毕竟，衣服并不是交流的手段，语言是更好的方式。

17. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is important to have rules about what clothes people should wear at work and in schools. (2008-3-29, 2009-11-14) 制定学校或工作场所着装规范非常重要。同意与否？

结构：

同意该观点。衣着可以体现个性因此人们喜欢穿衣有所选择；然而若每个人都在任何场合下随意穿着可能会引起混乱和许多投诉。一些规则是必须的。

1. 人们在工作中应该穿制服；

2. 专业服装提供必要的帮助和保护，这至关重要。比如实验服、登山装。中国的环卫工人常常发生事故；

3. 规则是可以调整的，可以避免令人不舒服。比如许多企业的Friday Casual规定。

范文：

People like to have the choice of wearing clothes because it indicates their own personality and taste of fashion. But if everyone does so on every occasion there might be big chaos and overwhelming complaints. Some rules are essential.

It is crucial for people who work for a service to wear their uniform. Obviously it is professional to do so, because customers can find them without difficulty and trust them without hesitation. Examples abound, such as airline stewardesses, waiters, firemen, etc. The most important might be police. It is a serious problem if a policeman in casual clothes declares his identity and people think he is a swindler.

Moreover, professional clothes are indispensable for those who need protection or facility at work. For researchers in the laboratory, the white lab coat gives protection from fire and the goggles from UV. For mountaineers, windbreakers and strong shoes always go with basic equipment. For ballet dancers it is impossible to perform without toe shoes and ballet skirts. In China there are many sanitation workers sweeping streets to keep them clean and tidy. It was said that car accidents happen to them less often only than roadblocks, but the danger is reduced greatly after they started to wear clothes made of strong reflective materials.

Because of the comfortable Friday people do not complain about the other four days a lot; instead, they feel perfect about having just one casual dress day and enjoy the effective work on Friday. The case is similar for lots of schools. Students are asked to wear school design suits on events especially when they are interscholastic. On usual days suits are recommended instead of strictly required. Many students still like to wear them because suits indicate their identity and advertise their own school.

In a word, rules of clothes at work and on campus can make the world safe and in order, without a significant loss of comfort.

参考译文：

衣着可以体现个性，因此人们喜欢穿衣有所选择；然而若每个人都在任何场合下随意穿着，可能会引起混乱和许多投诉。一些规则是必需的。

从事服务类工作的人们穿制服是十分重要的。这样穿显然看起来更专业，便于顾客识别和信任。例子很多，比如空姐、服务生、消防员。对警察来说可能最重要了，若一个穿着便衣的警察试图声明自己的身份，人们可能会以为他是个诈骗犯，这是个很严重的问题。

专业服装对于那些工作需要防护和协助的人们来说也很重要。比如对实验室的研究员来说，白色的的实验服能防火，护目镜可以防紫外线。对于登山运动员来说，防风衣和结实的写字是基本的装备。对于芭蕾舞者来说不穿舞鞋和舞衣表演简直是

不可能的。在中国有许多环卫工人，他们的职责是清扫城市街道，保持城市的整洁。曾经有种说法是：路上被撞的最多的是路障，其次是环卫工。规定环卫工人统一穿着强反光材料制成的专业服装后危险被大大降低了。

工作和校园中的穿衣规则不需要太严格，以免造成人们的压力。在许多公司，大家都知道周五便装的规定，即员工仅在周一到周四必须穿正装。因为这个舒适的周五，人们一般不会因为其他四天而过多抱怨，许多人觉得有这样一个便装日很好，周五的工作会更有效率。在学校，情况也是相似的，在有重大活动尤其是校际活动时，学生通常被要求穿校服。而平时只是建议穿而非严格要求。许多学生仍然喜欢在平时穿校服，因为校服代表着他们的身份，还能为他们的学校宣传。

总而言之，在工作和学校中的穿衣规则可以在不造成太多麻烦的情况下，创造一个安全有序的世界。

18. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is often not a good thing to move to a new city or a new country because of the loss of old friends. (2009-10-31 北美)

搬到新的城市或者国家并不是一件好事，因为会因此而失去老朋友。同意与否？

结构：

不同意该观点。为了老朋友而一直住在一个城市总体来说弊大于利。

1. 在新城市肯定可以交到各种新的朋友；

2. 有共同志趣的老朋友仍可以通过远距离的沟通方式保持联系；

3. 相比来说，搬到新城市会开始新生活。若仅是因为老朋友而放弃，则代价很大。

范文：

In the new city you will definitely make new friends, of all kinds. There are different kinds of friends. For some, you are friends because you share the same hobby, way of thinking and talking, and the value system of the world. For others, who are usually a lot more, you become friends naturally because you share the same part of life; in other words, you are together to be friends. For example, you are in the same school, same community, or same company. Actually, for the latter kind of friends, you can find a lot more when you start a new life. There is also a chance to make the first kind of friends in your new place.

about the lovely emails and letter, all the third generation mobile phones, online visual communication software, and cheaper airline tickets. They are developing fast to make it easier for you to keep in touch. They would love to have a new fun city to stop in and to explore with you. Psychology survey shows that long distance communication in written form such as letter can be deep, meaningful, and worth reading many times. The only thing you need to do is keep the letters well in case one day you or your friends become famous.

On the other hand, if you choose to stay in one place simply because of friends, what you will lose might be the larger part of life: better job opportunities, more exciting programs for study, more pleasant climate, and possibly more fun in the new city. Curiosity and exploration to the unknown future is human nature, therefore you should not behave against it.

“I like the dreams of the future better than the history of the past.” The words are from former U.S. President, Thomas Jefferson. Being too afraid to lose may stop you from pursuing the new happiness.

参考译文：

人们可能出于各种各样的考虑选择搬到一个新地方或者不搬。我认为仅仅为了能与老朋友在一起而一直住在一个地方不是一个好主意，因为这样做弊大于利。

在新的地方你肯定会结交到各种各样的新朋友。朋友与朋友也各不相同，有一种是因为有了同样的爱好、思考方式、谈话方式以及同样的价值观而成为朋友，大多数则是因为分享了彼此生活的一部分，比如在同一所学校上学、住在同一个小区、或在同一个公司工作等而很自然地成了朋友。对于后一种朋友，你可以在开始新生活找到很多。即使是前一种朋友，你也有一次机会来认识。

在老朋友中，那些和你有着同样志趣的朋友显然更重要，你无论如何都不想失去他们。想想那些可爱的邮件和信、第三代手机、在线视频交流软件以及便宜的飞机票吧、他们的迅速发展使得你们的联系越来越容易了。再想想你的朋友们。他们会愿意有一个新城市去停留，去和你一起探索。心理学调查表明，书面形式的长距离沟通（如信件）常常更加深入和有意义，值得重读许多遍。你需要做的只是保留这些信件以防你或你的朋友将来变成名人。

在另一方面，如果你只是因为朋友而住在同一个地方，你可能失去的是生活的更

大部分：更好的工作机会、更好的教育项目、更舒适的气候，还有在新城市的许多新乐趣。好奇心和对未知未来的探索是人类的本性，因此没有必要背道而行。

美国的前总统托马斯·杰斐逊说过，“比起过去的历史，我更爱未来的梦想。”若过于患得患失你可能无法追寻新的幸福。

19. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Teachers should be paid as much as doctors, lawyers or business leaders. (2007-05-19, 2009-02-28)

教师的薪酬水平应当与医生、律师或者商界领袖持平。同意与否？

结构：

同意该观点，原因如下：

1．高薪为教师提供激励；

2．高薪会吸引更有竞争力的人才加入到教师队伍中；

3．在观点上让步：提高教师的薪酬水平有可能增加财政开支并加重学校负担，也有可能增加学费从而加重学生的负担，但是总体来说此举能够带来的好处更多。

范文：

Nowadays, education has become the most essential part of lives for people who are be increased to the level of that of the doctors, lawyers or business leaders, whereas others disagree with this. As far as I am concerned, the tendency of salary rising should be welcomed for the following reasons.

In the first place, the most palpable benefits of higher payment for teacher could be more incentives provided and teachers’ performance way, teachers would like to contribute more time and energy to their teaching career so that their work could be guaranteed in furious competition. On the other hand, it would be unnecessary for teachers to allocate additional time to take part-time jobs after class, which always affect the effect of their teaching in school adversely. Hence, if the salary of teachers could be more decent, the quality of teaching could be improved undoubtedly.

In the second In current For instance, the competition of entering medical schools, law schools and business schools is always the

most furious. Students with the best aptitudes would like to take careers like doctors, lawyers or CEOs in large-scale enterprises in order to enjoy higher social status and more affluent lives. Therefore, teaching could be raised to one of the most ideal jobs if teachers’ payment could be the same as those discussed above. In addition, adequate pay could prevent people with best gifts from quitting and engaging in other occupations, a phenomenon which occurs around us every day. Therefore, in order to fortify human resources of teaching, increasing salary could be an effective option.

Admittedly, providing teachers with money as gratifying as those top professions could bring about several undesirable consequences under certain circumstances. The large scope of salary increasing could result in heavy pressure on economy for schools. As we all know, campuses are not those organizations oriented by making giant profits. However, as long as more funds could be apportioned to the industry of education by government, the economic problem could be solved fluently.

In short, it could be an effective solution for government to allot more money to increase the payment of teachers in order to improve the quality of education.

参考译文：

现在，教育成为了追求成功者生活中最为基本的组成部分。因此，教师也成为了争论的中心， 原因是教师的工资水平使得这一职业没有跻身热门职业的行列。一些人认为，教师的工资水平应当被提高到与医生、律师或者商界领袖持平，而另外一些人则不同意该看法。在我看来，教师工资基于以下几点原因需要增加。

首先，高工资对于教师而言，最明显的好处是对于教师的工作表现起到了很大的激励作用。更加令人满意的薪酬和更加舒适的生活能够激发教师的教学热情。教师将会把更多的时间和精力放在教学上，这样一来，在激烈的竞争中，他们的工作也能有保障。从另外一方面来看，教师不用在工作以外找影响工作的兼职。因此，如果教师的薪酬能够更具竞争力，毫无疑问教学质量能够得到改善。

其次，教师高工资会使得这一职业变的更加吸引人。在现代社会中，最优秀的人才通常被高薪酬和优厚的福利待遇所吸引。比如说：进医学院、法学院和商学院的竞争通常是最为激烈的。拥有最好资质的学生想要成为医生、律师甚至大公司的首席执行官从而获得更高的社会地位并过上更富足的生活。因此，如果教师的薪酬能够被提升到和这些工作同等的水平，那么教师也将成为最具吸引力的职业之一。此外，丰厚的薪水还能阻止人才流失到其他行业，而这一现象每天都在我们的生活中上演。因此，为了能够稳定教师资源，增加酬薪是一种有效的手段。

我们必须承认，这种增加教师酬薪的方法在一些情况下也可能会带来一些负面的结果。教师工资的大幅增加会给学校带来沉重的经济负担。正如我们所知，学校并不以盈利为目的，但是在这样的情况下，为了能够维持正常运转，学校只能选择增加学费，这样一来可能会导致学生因为负担不起而退学等更加严重的社会问题。但是，只要政府能够给教育产业提供更多的资金和支持，这样的经济问题就能够顺利得到解决。

简言之，政府提供更多的资金给学校用于提升教师的薪酬不失为一种有效的提升教育质量的解决手段。

20. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Governments should focus more on natural environment than on economic development. (2008-1-12, 2009-3-22, 2009-8-29 北美)

政府应当更加关注自然环境而不是经济发展。同意与否？

结构：

同意该观点。在当今世界形势下环境危机已经越来越紧迫，经济发展退居次要。

1. 自然环境一旦破坏，恢复起来十分困难。有些破坏甚至不可逆转。在人口越来越接近地球容纳极限增长的形势下，生态环境已经越脆弱。

2. 经济发展则是技术水平提高的必然，无非是快和慢的区别；

3. 自然环境遭到破坏会严重威胁到经济发展的成果。比如损害人们的健康，使医疗负担加重；比如全球变暖以及极端气候的出现，使人们在能源上面的话费增大。 经济发展是眼前利益，而自然环境的保护则是百年大计。若只顾本代人的利益则有违人类的共同利益。可持续发展才是政府制定政策应遵守的原则。

范文：

Environmental crisis is more urgent in the recent decade, as a consequence of the detriment caused by human activities over a long period of time. It is noteworthy for the public policy makers in the government of the natural environment when they try to push the economic development forward.

The first and most important reason is that once the environment is disrupted to a certain extent, it could take centuries of effort in labor and finance to recover. Human activities are about to challenge the upper limit of the accommodation on this planet, making the environment more and more vulnerable.

ultimate impetus is from the technology innovations instead of government policies, and it takes time for the growing GDP to transform into the improvement of people’s lives. With few exceptions like the Great Depression, too much government budget for economic development could give birth to unhealthy, unstable markets—the financial bubbles.

ding could need a considerable portion of GDP; second, pollutions are severely harmful to people’s health, so medical care also counts; third, global warming increases the cost on energy; fourth, massive disasters due to extreme climates occur more often which again have a price to deal with.

Economical development brings short-term benefits while environmental protection does good to many future generations. It is against the human common interests to focus too much on the short-term; eclectically, sustainable development should be the way to go.

参考译文：

作为人类活动长期破坏掉的结果，环境危机在最近十年中格外紧迫。政府在制定推动经济发展的公共政策时应该注意自然环境。

第一也是最重要的原因在于，环境一旦被破坏到一种程度，恢复可能需要几百年的人力和财力。并且，有些破坏甚至是不可逆的，比如生态多样性的流失，即濒危物种的灭绝和现存野生动物的大规模减少。人类活动正要挑战地球容纳的极限，使得环境越来越脆弱。

经济的发展与此相反，是一个连续的过程，若减缓一点步伐不会有如此严重的影响。经济发展的最终动力来自技术革新，不是政府政策，而且从GDP增长转化到真正提高人们的生活水平也需要时间。除了像大萧条这样的例外，政府分配过多财政支持经济发展可能促使不健康也不稳定的市场产生，也就是那些金融泡沫。

在衡量这两者时，还需注意环境破坏的代价可能使得经济发展的成果无法真正造福于人们。首先，前面提过，重建需要GDP中可观的一个部分；其次，污染严重损害着人们的健康，所以医疗花费更多；第三，全球变暖使得能源消费增加；第四，由极端气候引起的大规模灾难频繁发生，处理他们也需要花费。

经济发展是短期利益，而环境保护将造福于子孙后代。若只专注于短期利益则有

悖于人类的共同利益，折中的办法——可持续发展才是该走的路。

21. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Government should spend more money in sponsoring arts than athletics (like national Olympics team). (2008-5-10)

政府应当在支持艺术事业方面比发展体育事业发面（比如支持国家奥林匹克代表队）投入更多资金。同意与否？

结构：

同意该观点。艺术和体育有截然不同的性质，政府在其中应该扮演的角色也不同。

1. 艺术对更大的人群有教育作用，而体育迷的范围较窄。艺术的教育作用使人身心更加健康，而体育竞技提倡的挑战生理极限对健康有害。举例： 兴奋剂，从儿童开始培养；

2. 艺术目前的运作模式，除流行音乐等娱乐性极强的形式之外，一般商业性较差，盈利低，但前景又不错，需要资金支持。许多有天赋的人无法以艺术为职业是因为不能提供基本生活保障；

3. 体育事业显然更有利可图，有许多集团都赞助俱乐部。赌博横行。更需要政府在法律上将其规范化以保证运动员的利益，而不是用资金去支持。

范文：

Art and athletics may be two most important traditional activities whose histories could date back to thousands of years ago. In term of the current state, both are far from what they used to be: there are fewer and fewer who make a career of art, while athletics, on the contrary, has become a rapid developing industry. It is more rewarding for the government to support art financially, for the following reasons.

The first advantage of supporting art over athletics is the beneficiary population.

A second aspect to examine is what influences the two have on the general public, respectively. Art activities definitely educate, calm, and cultivate people. Athletics, competitive as it is, advocates the challenges of physiological limits which are harmful. The worldwide athletic events have driven the athletes to take various kinds of drugs, such as analeptics, to improve their performance, and the pharmacy developers are motivated to invent new undetected drugs. In some countries, national Olympic team enrolls very young children to do tough training in order to be champions one day.

Apart from the advantages and disadvantages each has, the art nowadays is in greater demand for financial support. With few exceptions such as pop music, art is not usually operated in a very profitable way. Lots of art museums, galleries, events, and lectures are just free to the public to be attractive to those who are not so concerned. Talented as they are, artists just make a career of something else to ensure their income. Athletics on the contrary, is often lucrative either due to the clubs themselves (like Manchester United, by selling products) or gambling. This industry may need the government to keep it in legal order rather than give donations.

The last point I would address is that art, closer to people’s life, is more and more promising, and worthy of investment. In the famous Art Zone 798 in Beijing, China, there is a remarkable change during the past decade: many abstract paintings and status are replaced by the uniquely designed home items.

参考译文：

艺术和体育是两项传统的人类活动，其历史可以追溯到几千年前。就现在的状态而言，两者都与以往有很大的不同： 越来越少的人以艺术为职业，而体育则迅速地发展成一个产业。 基于以下原因，政府出资赞助艺术是更有益的。

支持艺术的第一点好处就是受益人群。艺术是个广泛的领域，各种各样的人都可以欣赏从古典到当代，从建筑到行为的艺术。体育则受众相对较少，主要是年轻人。

第二个需要考虑的方面是它们对人群的影响。艺术无疑有教育意义和净化心灵的作用。竞技体育由于其竞争性，提倡的挑战生理极限是对人有害的。 世界级赛事驱使运动员服用各种各样的药物，如兴奋剂，来提高他们的表现。药物公司的研发员则忙于发明新药使其无法检测。在有些国家，奥林匹克队把很小的孩子招进来，让他们进行艰苦的训练以使其成为未来的冠军。

除了这些利弊以外，现在的艺术事业也更需要资金支持。除了少数像流行音乐这样的例外，艺术通常是以不太盈利的方式去运作的。许多艺术博物馆、画廊、活动和讲座是免费的，以吸引那些不太关心艺术的人们。许多有天赋的艺术家都有另一份职业，以确保有收入。竞技体育与此相反，常常有利可图，或是通过俱乐部本身（像曼联，通过卖各种各样的产品），或是通过赌博。比起政府的赞助买这个产业可能更需要政府出面维持它的法律秩序，而不是出资支持。

最后想强调的一点是，艺术也越来越有前景，值得投资，因为它越来越贴近人们生活了。在北京著名的798艺术区，过去十年内有个显著的变化：许多抽象的画作和雕像被设计独特的居家用品所取代。

22．Which is better, a challenging plan about one’s future or a practical plan about one’s future? (2010-03-6 NA)

关于未来，具有挑战性的计划和实际的计划，哪个更好？

结构：

挑战性的计划和实际的计划都好，两者很好地结合才能帮助人们成功。

5. 一方面来说，长期的计划是必须的，因为人们很难确切地知道自己的潜力，而这样的计划能够激励他们，使得行动时具有更大的动力，同时能够更加努力地学习和工作；

6. 实际的计划常常是短期的，很容易实现的，因此这样的计划能够帮助人们获得成就感和自信。

范文：

Some people think that a person should have a challenging plan, but other people think that a practical plan is better than a chall

e, a student is going to take a math exam at the end of the term. However, he is not good at math now, and always gets sixty percent on his math exams. But his goal of score is ninety percent. It is a really difficult goal for him, but it could arouse more courage to overcome more difficulties and awaken more potential to make breakthroughs. With the pressure from his challenging goal, he could make more progress even though he could not finally realize it.

On the other hand, a practical plan is also of importance. this way, people could retain interest in their work and keep moving forward. For example, an architect had a great mission－to design and build a grand skyscraper within ten years. It was unbelievable to finish it, but he did it by making a detailed plan and breaking the whole project into various stages lasting one or two months. Whenever he had reached a milestone of a certain stage, he always felt confident and had a sense of achievement. Then he would have more energy to keep going towards the next milestone till he reached the final goal. So a short-term goal is also important.

Thus, with both a challenging plan and a practical plan, people can have more opportunities to be successful.

参考译文：

一些人认为人应该做出具有挑战性的计划，但是另一些人则认为实际的计划比具有挑战性的计划更好。在我看来，人们应当两种计划兼具。

一方面来说，长期的计划是必须的，因为人们很难确切地知道自己的潜力，而这样的计划能够激励他们，使得他们行动时具有更大的动力，同时能够更加努力地学习或者工作。比如说，一个学生期末的时候要参加数学考试。但是，他现在并不擅长这一科目，总是在这一科目上获得刚刚及格的分数。但是他把目标定在了九十分。对于他来说，这个目标现阶段是很难实现的，但是这样的目标能够激起他更多克服困难的勇气，同时唤起他更多的潜力去突破自我。即使他不能实现自己制定的挑战性目标，带着压力他也能够取得更大的进步。

从另一方面来看，实际的计划也很重要。实际的计划常常是短期的，很容易实现的，因此这样的计划能够帮助人们获得成就感和自信。按照这样的方式，人们能够对于他们自己的工作保持兴趣并持续进行。比如说，一个建筑师有一个宏伟的任务——十年之内设计并修建一座摩天大楼。虽然这样的任务看起来难以实现，但是他最后做到了。他为此制定了详细的计划，把整个项目拆分成了持续一两个月的不同阶段。只要他能达到各阶段的目标，他就能获得信心和成就感。这样一来，他有足够的动力完成下一阶段的目标并将这种热情保持到实现目标为止，所以短期的目标也很重要。

因此，同时具备了挑战性的计划和实际的计划，人们才能有更多的机会获得成功。