20xx年教育部考研英语翻译模拟试题(一)到(十)

20xx年教育部考试中心考研英语翻译模拟试题(一)

Directions:

Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)

一、经济学史

Economics, as we know it, is the social science concerned with the production, distribution, exchange, and consumption of goods and services. Economists focus on the way in which individuals, groups, business enterprises, and governments seek to achieve efficiently any economic objective they Standard economics can be divided into two major fields. (47) The first, price theory or assumes that people behave rationally. Consumers try to spend their income in ways that give them as much pleasure as possible. As economists say, they maximize utility. For their part, entrepreneurs seek as much profit as they can extract from their operations.

The second field, macroeconomics, deals with modern explanations of national income and employment. Macroeconomics dates from the book, The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money (1935), by the British economist John Maynard Keynes. His explanation of prosperity and depression centers on the total or aggregate demand for goods and services by consumers, Economic issues have occupied people’s minds throughout the ages. (49) Aristotle and Plato Economics as a subject of modern study, distinguishable from moral philosophy and politics, dates from the work, Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776), by the Scottish philosopher and economist Adam Smith. Mercantilism and physiocracy were precursors of the classical economics of Smith and his 19th-century successors.

答案

46.其他领域的研究也有助于对此的理解:心理学和伦理学试图解释目标是如何形成的,历史记录着人们所追求的目标的变化,社会学则从社会环境的角度来解释人们的行为。

47.第一个领域,价格理论或微观经济学,解释在竞争的市场中供需间的相互作用是怎样导致了大量的个别价格、工资率、利润空间和租金的变化。

48.因为,按照凯恩斯的理论,不充分的总体需求会增加失业,建议的解决方式是企业扩大投资或政府增加开支,继而增加预算赤字。

49.古希腊的亚里士多德和柏图都在著作中谈到财富、财产和贸易问题,两人都对商业

持有偏见,认为靠生意来谋生是不足取的。

50.在中世纪,罗马天主教会的经济学思想表达在其教法中,教法谴责从借贷中获利的行为,并认为商业地位劣于农业。

总体分析

本文主要介绍了经济学的研究发展历史。

第一段:经济学的定义及研究对象。

第二、三段:经济学的两大领域:微观经济学和宏观经济学。

第四、五段:经济学研究的古代和现代理论

试题精解

46.[精解] 本题考核的知识点是:并列分句、后置定语。

该句子中冒号后是并列的三个简单句。第一个分句中how引导的从句做explain的宾语;第二个和第三个分句中都有介词in的短语做后置定语,翻译时应提前。

词汇方面:contribute to意为“是??的原因;增进,有助于”;knowledge意为“知识;知晓,了解”,文中活译为“对?的理解”。

47.[精解] 本题考核的知识点是:宾语从句、状语。

句子的主干是The first explains how?。主语后的名词短语price theory or microeconomics是其同位语,因此翻译the first时,应增译为“第一个领域”。how引导宾语从句,其主干是the interplay ? creates ?。介词短语in competitive markets做地点状语,翻译时应前置。 词汇方面:interplay意为“相互影响”;a multitude of意为“许多的,大量的”;individual意为“个别的,单独的, 个人的”;margin意为“(时间、空间、金钱的)余地”,profit margin指“利润空间”。

48.[精解] 本题考核的知识点是:词性转换。

该句是包含原因状语从句的复合句,句子主干是the indicated cure is?,表语由并列连词either ? or?连接。

词汇方面:indicated是过去分词用做形容词,动词indicate意为“表明,暗示,提及,建议”,根据上下文indicated译为“建议的”。more investment,more spending和larger budget deficits是形容词比较级加名词,根据汉语习惯转换成动词加名词的搭配,即“扩大投资”、“增加开支”和“增加预算赤字”。

49.[精解] 本题考核的知识点是:定语从句、分词做状语。

主句是Aristotle and ? wrote about problems ?,后面接有both of whom引导的定语从句,采用拆译法单独成句。句子最后的分词结构feeling that ?在定语从句中做状语,翻译时也应单独成句,that后引导的是宾语从句,做feeling的宾语。

词汇方面:be prejudiced against意为“对?有偏见”,undesirable意为“不想要的,不得人心的”。

50.[精解] 本题考核的知识点是:非谓语动词作后置定语、定语从句。

该句含有which引导的非限定性从句做定语,翻译时拆开单独成句,并重复先行词,做从句的主语。

词汇方面:condemn意为“谴责”,taking of interest是动名词结构,可增译为“获利的行为”。

全文翻译

正如大家所知道的,经济学是与生产、分配、交换和消费物品和服务相关的社会科学。经济学家关注个人、群体、商业企业和政府试图有效地实现他们选定的任何经济目标的方式。其他领域的研究也有助于对此的理解:心理学和伦理学试图解释目标是如何形成的,历史学

记录着人们所追求的目标的变化,社会学则从社会环境的角度来解释人们的行为。

规范的经济学可分为两大主要的领域。第一个领域,价格理论或微观经济学,解释在竞争的市场中供需间的相互作用是怎样导致了大量的个别价格、工资率、利润空间和租金的变化。微观经济学认为人的行为是理性的。消费者努力以能带来最大愉悦的方式花费他们的收入。按经济学家所说,他们使效用最大化。对企业家而言,他们从经营中寻求最大的利润。 第二个领域,宏观经济学,是涉及国民收入和就业的现代理论。宏观经济学最早可追述到英国经济学家约翰·梅纳德·凯恩斯19xx年所著的《就业、利息和货币通论》一书。他对繁荣和萧条的解释围绕消费者、商业投资者和政府对货物或服务的总体需求。因为,按照凯恩斯的理论,不充分的总体需求会增加失业,建议的解决方式是企业扩大投资或政府增加开支,继而增加预算赤字。

经济问题一直以来都占据着人们的思想。古希腊的亚里士多德和柏图都在著作中谈到财富、财产和贸易问题,两人都对商业持有偏见,认为靠生意来谋生是不足取的。罗马人从希腊人那里借用了经济学思想,对经商同样不屑一顾。在中世纪,

罗马天主教会的经济学思想表达在其教法中,教法谴责从借贷中获利的行为,并认为商业地位劣于农业。

经济学作为一门现代研究学科,区别于道德哲学和政治学,可追述到苏格兰哲学家兼经济学家亚当·斯密1776年著的《国民财富的性质和原因的研究》。重商主义和重农主义是斯密的古典经济学及其19世纪后继者(新古典经济学)的理论先驱。

20xx年教育部考试中心考研英语翻译模拟试题(二)

The meanings of “science”and “technology”have changed significantly from one generation of the two can be observed in the historical development of such practitioners as chemists, engineers, physicists, astronomers, carpenters, potters, and many other specialists. Differing educational requirements, social status, vocabulary, methodology, and types of rewards, as well as institutional objectives and professional goals, contribute to such distinctions as can be made between the activities of scientists and technologists; but throughout history the practitioners of “pure”science have made many practical as well as theoretical contributions.

(48) Indeed, the concept that science provides the ideas for technological innovations and that tools and processes in the fields of mechanics, chemistry, astronomy, metallurgy, and hydraulics were developed before the laws governing their functions were discovered. The steam engine, for example, was commonplace before the science of thermodynamics elucidated the physical principle underlying its operations.

In recent years a sharp value distinction has their bitter opponents, but today many people have come to fear technology much more than (50) Many historians of science argue not only that technology is an essential condition of to transform traditional cultural systems, frequently with unexpected social consequences. Thus technology can be conceived as both a creative and a destructive process.

答案

46.科学与技术都包含有一种思维的过程,两者都涉及到物质世界的因果关系,两者都运用了一套实验的方法论,这种方法论所产生的是能够通过重复得以验证的经验性的实证结果。

47.至少在理论上,科学较少地关心其研究成果的实用性,而更多地关注于归纳出普遍的法则;但是在实践中,科学与技术却相互关联,无法割裂。

48.人们认为科学为技术创新提供理念,因此,对于工业文明中的任何一次意义重大的进步,纯理论的研究是必不可少的,当然,这种观念其实是个神话。

49.对于这些人来说,科学或许被看成是一种平静的、客观的理解自然永恒法则的出发点,而如今在他们看来,现代世界里技术的实际运用似乎已失去控制。

50.许多科学史家认为,技术不仅是先进的工业文明必不可少的条件,而且在最近的几个世纪里,技术变革的速度已形成了自身的势头。

总体分析

本文介绍了科学和技术之间的关系以及对人类的影响。

第一段:科学和技术之间的相似性要大于差异性,它们之间的相互影响反映在各个行业的发展中。

第二段:技术的发展不依赖科学的发展,两者之间的价值分歧越来越尖锐。而且,现在很多人对技术的恐惧甚于对科学的担心。

第三段:技术的发展既有创造性也有毁灭性。来源:考试大-考研站

试题精解

46.[精解] 本题考核的知识点是:嵌套式定语从句、抽象名词。

本句是由and连接的三个并列句,都以both开头。第三个分句的主干是:both employ an experimental methodology,宾语methodology后接有一个that引导的定语从句做定语,该定语从句中又嵌套了一个that引导的定语从句(demonstrations)can be verified by repetition。由于有嵌套式定语从句,因此需要采用拆译法,从第一个that开始单独成句。

词汇方面:imply意为“暗示,意味;必然包含”;be concerned with意为“与??有关,涉及;关注,感兴趣”;empirical意为“以实验(或经验)为根据的,经验主义的”;demonstration意为“证明,论证,说明,证实”,由于它是抽象名词,可按照汉语习惯,采用加译法,译成“论证的结果”。verify意为“检验,查证,核实”。

47.[精解] 本题考核的知识点是:比较结构。

本句是由but连接的并列句。前一分句中含有比较结构:is less concerned with ?and more concerned with ?,可译为“较少地关心??而更多地关注于”。主谓之间的插入语at least in theory做状语翻译时可提前。

词汇方面:practicality意为“实用性”;inextricably意为“逃不掉地,解决不了地,解不

开地”;be involved with sb./sth.意为“与??关系密切”。

48.[精解] 本题考核的知识点是:同位语从句、增译法。

句子的主干是the concept ? is a myth。主语后接有由that引导的两个并列的同位语从句。由于主语后修饰成分较长,因此采用拆译法单独成句。并且先译从句,后译主句,用复指代词“这种观念”来连接主句和从句的内容。第二个同位语从句中therefore说明的是两个从句间的因果关系,翻译时要提前到第二个从句前。

词汇方面:pure research直译为“纯研究”,不是汉语习惯表达,应采用增译法,译为“纯理论的研究”。myth可意为“神话,杜撰出来的人或物,(没有事实根据的)虚构信念(或观点、理论)”,根据上下文选择其“没有事实根据的观点”的含义。

49.[精解] 本题考核的知识点是:后置定语、状语。

该句子是由whereas(然而,但是)连接的并列句。前一分句的主干是science may be perceived as a ? source,后面接for understanding ?介词结构做后置定语,翻译时应提前。后一分句的主干是manifestations now seem to be out of control,其中做时间和地点状语的介词短语in the modern world和now可提前翻译。

词汇方面:perceive sth. as sth.意为“视为,认为,理解为”;source意为“来源,根源,源头”,根据上下文译为“出发点”;manifestation意为“显示,表明,表示”,根据上下文译为“(技术的)运用”。

50.[精解] 本题考核的知识点是:宾语从句。

主句是Many historians of science argue,后面not only ? but also连接了两个并列的宾语从句。

词汇方面:momentum意为“推动力,势头”。

全文翻译

“科学”和“技术”的含义一代一代发生了深刻的变化。然而,这两个术语之间的相似之处要多于其不同之处。科学与技术都包含有一种思维的过程,两者都涉及物质世界的因果关系,两者都运用一套实验的方法论,这种方法论所产生的是能够通过重复得以验证的经验性的实证结果。至少在理论上,科学较少地关心其研究成果的实用性,而更多地关注于归纳出普遍的法则;但是在实践中,科学与技术却相互关联,无法割裂。两者之间不同程度的相互影响可见于各种行业的历史发展过程,诸如:化学、工程、物理、天文、土木、制陶以及其它行业。科学家和技术人员的研究活动的差异与下列因素有关:不同的教育要求、社会地位、术语、方法论、奖励方式、以及机构目标职业目标,但纵观历史,许多“纯”科学家既有理论建树也有实用创新。

人们认为科学为技术创新提供理念,因此,对于工业文明中的任何一次意义重大的进步,纯理论的研究是必不可少的,当然,这种观念其实是没有事实根据的。大多数工业文明的伟大改变都与实验室研究无关,机械、化工、天文、冶金、水利领域的基本工具及流程早在决定它们功能的法则被发现之前就已存在。例如,早在热动力学解释了蒸汽机操作的物理原理之前,蒸汽机已广泛存在。

最近几年,科学和技术之间的价值分歧越来越尖锐。科学进步经常遭到激烈的反对,然而,现在有很多人对技术的恐惧甚于对科学的担心。对于这些人来说,科学或许被看成是一种平静的、客观的理解自然永恒法则的出发点,而如今在他们看来,现代世界里技术的实际运用似乎已失去控制。

许多科学史家认为,技术不仅是先进的工业文明必不可少的条件,而且在最近的几个世纪里,技术变革的速度已形成了自身的势头。现在技术创新的速度似乎以几何级别在增长,远远超出了地理和政治的限定。这些技术创新往往会改变传统的文化体制,并常常带来难以预料的社会后果。所以,技术应被看作是既有进步性也有毁灭性的过程。

20xx年教育部考试中心考研英语翻译模拟试题(三)

三、美国教育系统

(46)Any discussion of the American educational system would be less than complete if it did not Perhaps a useful way of viewing the notion of personal growth would be to picture the very large and general term“education” as being all-embracing, including as subsets within it academic and nonacademic components.This may be one of the most difficult concepts to convey to someone who is not intimately familiar with American higher education. Few educational systems in other countries place the same emphasis on this blend of academic and personal education. The majority of colleges and universities in the United States make some attempt to integrate personal and intellectual growth in the undergraduate years. grow and develop in other ways.Numerous opportunities are made available to students to become involved in sports, student government, musical and dramatic organizations, and countless other organized and individual activities designed to enhance one’s personal growth and provide some support for extracurricular activity is perhaps unique in the world, This special educational dimension, beyond the classroom and laboratory experience, does not mean that extracurricular participation is required to gain an American degree. It remains an entirely optional activity, but

(49)great many American campuses and communities have organized special extracurricular activities for students from other countries. (50) students are almost always invited, through organized hospitality activities, into the homes of Americans living in or outside the academic community.

答案

46.如果对美国教育体系的讨论未能涉及许多学院及大学教育中非学术性的、社会的及“课

程外”的方面,即其对个性成长的重视,那么这种讨论就不全面。

47.假如美国本科教育的最终目的只是传授一定量的知识,那么学习的期限无疑就可以缩短

48.参与校园内的各种组织活动和校外团体活动的经验在培养国际学生归国后在其专业领域

发挥领导作用方面是极有价值的。

49.在这里特别提到的是因为美国人历来认为,一个人作为社会公民的成功是与包括各种各

样的社会、体育和文化活动的个人经历的全方位的生活紧密相关的。

50.在大多数的校园里都有国际俱乐部,成员包括美国学生。在俱乐部里,学生(包括美国学

生)通过与来自其他国家的学生的社会交往相互认识并学习。

总体分析

本文主要介绍了美国教育系统注重培养学生课外活动能力,促进学生个性发展的特点。

第一至二段:指出美国本科教育努力将个性发展和智力发展相结合。

第三至五段:这种教育特点与美国人关于成功的社会公民的观念相关,并有利于培养国际学

生的领导和交际能力。

20xx年教育部考试中心考研英语翻译模拟试题(四)

四、英国的政治传统

The Englishman has been called a political animal, and he values what is political and practical so much that ideas easily become objects of dislike in his eyes, and thinkers, miscreants, because noticeable that the word curiosity, which in other languages is used in a good sense, to mean, as a high and fine quality of man’s nature, just this disinterested love of a free play of the mind on all subjects, for its own sake—it is noticeable, I say, that this word has in our language no sense of the kind, no sense but a rather bad and disparaging one. But criticism, real criticism, is essentially the

disinterestedness? By keeping aloof from what is called “the practical view of things”; by resolutely following the law of its own nature, which is to be a free play of the mind on all subjects which it touches. know the best that is known and thought in the world, and by in its turn making this known, to create a current of true and fresh ideas. Its business is to do this with inflexible honesty, with due ability; but its business is to do no more.

答案

46.对所有事物的自由思考本身就是一种乐趣,一种愿望,为民族精神提供了赖以生存的重要因素。离开这些因素,不管有其他什么样的补偿,一个国家的民族精神终究将会由于空洞而消逝。但是这种认识很难进入英国人的思想。

47.它遵循一种本能,促使它不考虑实践、政治和所有类似的事物,汲取世界上知识和思想的精华;并且促使它在这个过程中不受任何其他考虑的侵扰,珍视知识和思想。

48.好奇是一种本能,但我认为,英国人讲究实际的本性中几乎找不到这一本能的痕迹;而且仅存的求知欲也在浪漫主义时代里,经历了长期的不良影响和压制而变得麻木了。

49.至关重要的是,英国的批评界若想利用向它敞开的领域,若想在将来有所收获,必须清楚应该为自己的发展道路选择什么样的原则。

50.方法便是:坚决不为那些隐秘的、政治的和功利的观点服务,尽管很多人肯定会依附于这些观点,但批评活动却与它们毫不相干。

总体分析

英国人素来看重政治和实际,而忽视自由思想和对事物的好奇心。然而对于批评界来说,他们的驱动力应该是对世界了解的欲望,而不是政治和实际。英国的批评界若想有所作为,必须清楚应该采取什么样的原则。按照作者的主张,英国的批评界应该以求知、传播和创新思想为己任,杜绝任何政治和功利因素的影响。

20xx年教育部考试中心考研英语翻译模拟试题(五)

五、艺术的价值

Theories of the value of art are of two kinds, which we may call extrinsic and intrinsic. The first regards art and the appreciation of art as means to some recognized moral good, while the second regards them as valuable not instrumentally but as objects unto themselves. It is characteristic of extrinsic theories to locate the value of art in its effects on the person who appreciates it. Art is held to be a form of education, perhaps an education of the emotions. In this case, it becomes an

open question whether there might not be some more effective means to the same result. (46) in modern times by Leo Tolstoy in What Is Art in 1896, has seldom seemed wholly satisfactory. approach is that associated with Walter Pater, Oscar Wilde, and the French Symbolists, and summarized in the slogan “art for art’s sake”. Such thinkers and writers believe that art is not only an end in itself but also a sufficient justification of itself. those two extreme views there lies, once again, a host of intermediate positions. 50)amusing in just the way that good jokes are?

答案

46.或者,人们可能会认为艺术具有负面的影响,像柏拉图在《理想国》一书中所认为的那

样,艺术会影响那些接触它的人,使其堕落,或起不到教化作用。

47.哲学家们一直在不懈地探索审美体验中的价值。这种价值是独一无二的,因此不能从别

处获得。

48.他们还相信,为了以理解艺术的方式去理解艺术,必须放弃对其他方面的关注而只关注

艺术作品本身。

49.比如,我们认为艺术作品必须作为艺术品被人们欣赏,但是我们在欣赏艺术作品时也能

从中获得一些具有独立价值的东西。

50.因此,笑话是因为其本身而可笑,尽管笑声中有一种独立的价值,这一价值通过使我们

在片刻中脱离自己而燃亮了我们的生命。

总体分析

本文是一篇关于艺术的价值的文章。其中主要论述的是唯美主义的“为艺术而艺术”的观点

第一段:提出了艺术价值的两种理论,即内在理论和外在理论。对这两种理论做了具体阐释

,并引出了对艺术效果的疑问。

第二段:指出列夫·托尔斯泰的外在理论不能令人满意,哲学家们一直关注探索的是艺术自

身的价值体验。在该段中,作者引用了奥斯卡·瓦尔德以及法国象征主义的观点。

第三段:在两种极端的观点之间,有一种居中的观点,即艺术作品必须作为他们本身而被体

验,但是在体验的过程中,我们又确实得到了一些东西。该段作者用了例证法,以“玩笑”

的价值为例来证明自己的观点。

文章学术性较强,属于正式文体,因此长句、复合句颇多,其中引入了一些学术界人士的观

点,所以有很大难度。通过该文章的阅读,考生应懂得拓宽知识面的重要性。

文章考查的知识点主要有:(一)被动语态。(二)状语,包括现在分词做状语、方式状语从句

、目的状语从句和让步状语从句。(三)定语从句。(四)it做形式主语。

20xx年教育部考试中心考研英语翻译模拟试题(七)

七、相对论

Relativity theory has had a profound influence on our picture of matter by forcing us to modify our concept of a particle in an essential way. (47)substance, but is a form energy. Energy, however, is a dynamic quantity associated with activity, or with processes.(48heory was not only extremely successful in accounting for the fine details of atomic structure, but also revealed a fundamental symmetry between matter and anti-matter. It predicted the existence of an anti-matter with the same mass as the electron but with an opposite charge. This positively charged particle, now called the positron, was indeed discovered two years after Dirac had predicted it. The symmetry between matter and anti-matter implies that for every particle there exists an antiparticles with equal mass and opposite charge. Pairs of particles and antiparticles can be created if enough energy is available and can be made to

turn into pure energy in the reverse process of destruction.(50)material particles from pure energy is certainly the most spectacular effect of relativity theory, and it can only be understood in terms of the view of particles outlined above.(51

答案

47.在古典物理中,某一物体的质量总是与一种不可毁灭的物质相关联。这是一种构成一切

物质的“东西”。

48.某一粒子的质量相当于一定的能量,这一事实意味着该粒子不再被看作是一个静态的物

体,而应该被看成是一种动态的形式,一种与能量表现为粒子质量相关的过程。

49.这一新的粒子观是由迪拉克首创的,他列出了描述电子运动行为的相对论方程。

50.粒子生成和毁灭的过程在真正被发现之前,迪拉克的理论已经对它们作出了预测,从那

时起人们对此做过数百万次的观测。

51.在相对论粒子物理学诞生之前,人们一直以为物质的构成成分要么是不可毁灭和不可改

变的基本单位,要么是可以分解为其构成部分的合成物。

总体分析

本文是一篇关于粒子物理理论的文章。

第一段:指出相对论改变了我们的粒子概念,从而影响了我们对物质的理解。

第二段:指出这一粒子观点是由迪拉克首创的,他的理论揭示了物质和反物质的基本对称。

该理论已经得到了证实。

第三段:纯能量创造物质粒子是相对论最惊人的影响。相对论观点的粒子物理学改变了人们

对于物质的看法和理解。

本文是一篇科普性说明文,属于正式文体。考生首要的任务是清楚地分析句子结构,并结合

自己的物理常识准确把握生疏词汇,在此基础上完成翻译。本题考核的知识点:(一)被动语

态。(二)定语,包括定语从句,分词作定语。(三)状语从句。

20xx年教育部考试中心考研英语翻译模拟试题(八)

八、战争

Wisdom born of experience should tell us that war is obsolete.(46)a day when vehicles hurtle through outer space and guided ballistic missiles carve highways of death through the stratosphere, no nation can claim victory in war. A so-called limited war will leave little more than a calamitous legacy of human suffering, political and spiritual disillusionment. A world war will leave only smoldering ashes as mute testimony of a human race whose folly led inexorably to ultimate death. (47

(48)Therefore I suggest that the philosophy and strategy of nonviolence becomes immediately a produced the weapons that threaten the survival of mankind and which are both genocidal and suicidal in character.

We have ancient habits to deal with, vast structures of power, indescribably complicated problems to solve.(49

I do not minimize the complexity of the problems that need to be faced. (50the eagerness, to enter into the new world, which is now possible, “the city which hath foundation, whose Building and Maker is God”.

答案

46.也许曾经有一段时间,战争通过阻止邪恶势力的扩发展而成为负面的善举,但现代武器的巨大破坏力消除了战争成为善举的任何可能性。

47如果现代人继续毫无顾忌地玩弄战争,他将使现世的生存环境变成但丁的心灵都无法想像的地狱。

48.因此,我建议将非暴力的哲学和策略立即定为一个研究课题,并在人类冲突的各个领域,不排除在国与国的关系中,进行认真的实验。

49.但是除非我们完全丧失人性,并在自己制造的武器面前完全陷入恐惧和无能,那么结束国家之间的战争和暴力与结束贫穷和种族歧视同样具有可能性和紧迫性。

50.但是我坚信,除非我们在这方面准备进行一次精神和灵魂的重新评估,改变关注点,以使我们看到,表面上最现实、最强大的东西其实是最不现实、已经被宣判死刑的东西,我们将不会有意志、勇气和远见来处理这些事情。

总体分析

这是一篇关于战争的文章。文中谈到了战争的危害性,以及如何防御战争的问题。

第一段:首先指出战争是过时的,接着讲述随着现代科学技术的进步,战争的危害更大了,甚至会导致整个人类的死亡。

第二段:作者提出了建议性的解决办法,即将非暴力的哲学和策略定为研究课题。

第三段:指出终止国家之间的战争与暴力具有可能性和紧迫性。

第四段:重申了制止战争的可能性,即战争是最不现时、已经被宣判死刑的东西。

20xx年教育部考试中心考研英语翻译模拟试题(九)

九、甘地的和平主义

Gandhi’s pacifism can be separated to some extent from his other teachings. (46)Gandhi’s attitude was not that of most Western pacifists. entailed such things as civil disobedience, strikes, lying down in front of railway trains, enduring police charges without running away and without hitting back, and the like. Gandhi objected to “passive resistance” as a translation of Satyagraha: in Gujuruti, it seems the word means “firmness in the truth.” (48)war it is usually necessary to take sides. Since his whole political life centred round a struggle for

relation to the war, one question that every pacifist had a clear obligation to answer is: “What about the Jews? Are you prepared to see them exterminated?”(50)But it so happens that Gandhi was asked a somewhat similar question in 1938 and his answer was on record in Mr. Louis Fisher’s Gandhi and Stalin. According to Mr. Fisher, Gandhi’s view was that the German Jews ought to commit collective suicide, which “would have aroused the world and the people of Germany to Hitler’s violence.”

答案

46.其动机是宗教性质的,但他也说这是一种明显的技巧,一种方法,它可以产生预期的政治效果。

47.这个由甘地提出并付诸实践的方法,最早起源于南非,是一种非暴力的斗争方式,用既不伤害对方又不会引发仇恨的手段打败敌人。

48.早年间,在布尔战争期间甘地曾经为英方抬过担架,而且在1914-19xx年战争期间他又准备这么做。

49.而且也确实没有采取毫无意义的、不诚实的态度,假装说在所有战争中参战双方完全一样,因而谁获得胜利都无所谓。

50.我必须说,我从未从任何一个西方和平主义者那里听到过对该问题的诚实的答复,但是却听大了大量的躲闪之词,通常都是“你是另外一回事”之类的回答。

总体分析

本文是一篇介绍甘地的和平主义的文章。文章先介绍了甘地的和平主义的性质、来源、具体形式等。接着指出了甘地作为和平主义者的独特之处:首先,他虽然反对暴力,但并不否认战争的立场;其次,他不躲避回答棘手的问题。

本文考查的知识点:后置定语、插入语、it做形式主语的主语从句等。

20xx年教育部考试中心考研英语翻译模拟试题(十)

十、一位科幻小说作家

There is no question that science-fiction writers have become more ambitious, stylistically and

of the most prolific professionals in a field dominated by people who actually write for a living. (Unlike mystery or Western writers, most science-fiction writers cannot expect to cash in on fat movie sales or TV tie-ins.) By his own account, he was “an annoyingly verbal young man” from Brooklyn who picked up his first science-fiction book at the age of ten, started writing seriously at the age of thirteen, and at seventeen nearly gave up in despair over his inability to break into the pulp magazines. (48) During his sophomore year, he sold his first science-fiction story to a Scottish magazine named Nebula. By the end of his junior year, he had sold a novel and twenty more stories. (49) “I became very cynical very quickly,” he says. First I couldn’t sell anything, then I could sell everything. The market played to my worst characteristics. An editor of a schlock magazine would call up to tell me he had a ten-thousand-word hole to fill in his next issue. I’d fill it overnight for a hundred and I was a phenomenon among my friends in college, a published, selling author. But they always asked, “When are you going to do something serious?” —meaning something that wasn’t science fiction—and I kept telling them, “ When I’m financially secure.”

答案

46.但是这一点与其说是与学术环境具有诱惑力的召唤有关,还不如说是与变化的市场状况有关——一这是一个学术评论家很少考虑的因素。

47.还不到四十多岁,西尔弗伯格就已出版了一百多本书籍,而他对真正散文的质量与应时之作的质量之间的关系十分坦诚,毫无掩饰。

48.在他双亲的敦促下,他报考了哥伦比亚大学,所以即便最糟他也能进入新闻学校,“将来总可以有一份稳定的好工作。”

49.到大四结束的时候,他每星期写科幻小说已经可以赚两百美元了,而他的双亲也接受了他对于文学生涯的追求。

50.我知道我写不出作为读者的我所喜欢的东西,就像乔伊斯、卡夫卡、曼恩的作品,所以我不再那么关注我所写的东西。

总体分析

本文介绍了科幻小说家罗伯特·西尔弗伯格。文章先指出科幻小说的繁荣与市场需求关系紧密,接着通过介绍多产的科幻小说家西尔弗伯格的创作经历予以说明。

本文考查的知识点:后置定语、插入语、比较结构、同位语、上下文中词义的选择,等。

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