雅思写作：如何写好流程图

朗阁海外考试研究中心

一、流程图写作特点及写作要点：

很多同学对流程图产生了十分恐惧的心理，一旦考到流程图就会抱怨自己的运气有多糟糕。但事实上，只要把握流程图写作的几大要领，流程图将不再可怕。以下，朗阁海外考试研究中心写作组的专家总结了流程图写作的几个要点供考生参考：

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5. 找到流程图的过程，起点，终点。 找到图上标出的已知动作，如果出现生词，尽量猜测。无词，用自己的语言。 按照步骤，分段描述，千万不能省略任何一步。 切记！加入流畅合理的表示顺序的关联词。 句型以主动为主，搭配被动，以及主语从句（例如：It can be seen from the graph

that…）。

6. 时态要使用一般现在时。

例文分析：

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The illustrations below show how chocolate is produced.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features. Write at least 150 words.

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【高分范文及深度点评】

The diagram shows the stages in the process of making chocolate.【所有的小作文第一句话都要用一般现在时。流程图必备三个词：process整个过程；stage阶段；step步骤】 Chocolate comes from the cacao tree, which is grown in parts of South America, Africa and Indonesia.【开头不能一上来就直接介绍cacao tree，而是通过主题词chocolate引出，否则显得太唐突】

【流程图特点之一：介绍过程要使用一般现在时】 【流程图特点之二：大量使用定语从句，将有关联的两句话连接。】

【流程图特点之三：大量使用被动语态】The tree produces large red pods which contain white cocoa beans.

Firstly,【流程图特点之四：使用一些表示顺序的连接词】when the pods are ripe, they are harvested, the beans are removed and they are fermented for several days in large wooden boxes.【三个句子的并列：“句子A, 句子B and 句子C”。】

During the fermenting process, the beans turn brown.

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【流程图特点之五：要适当地添加个别图中没有交代但能从图片中直接读出来的一些内容，否则可能达不到字数要求。但是一定要把握尺度，千万不要加上自己的主观观点，否则会扣分】

Next, the brown beans are spread in the sun to dry. They are then put in large sacks and transported by train or lorry. After this, the beans are taken to a chocolate factory where they are roasted in an oven at temperatures of between 250 and 350 degree Celsius. After being roasted, the beans are crushed and the outer shell is removed. This part is not needed for making chocolate. Finally, the inner part of the bean is pressed and liquid chocolate is produced.

【流程图特点之六：一般不需要写总结】

雅思流程图范文《砖块的制作》（含9分范文及考官点评）

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The diagram below shows the process by which bricks are

manufactured for the building industry.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main

features, and make comparisons where relevant.

Write at least 150 words.

Brick manufacturing

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* Clay: type of sticky earth that is used for making bricks, pots, etc.

【满分范文】

The process by which bricks are manufactured for the building industry can be outlined in seven consecutive steps. First the raw material, clay, which was just below the surface of soil in certain clay-rich areas has to be dug up by a digger.

Then the lumps of clay are placed on a metal grid in order to break up the big chunks of clay into much smaller areas, which fall through the metal grid onto a roller, whose motion further segregates the bits of clay. Sand and water are added to make a homogenous mixture, which is then either formed in moulds or cut into brick-shaped pieces by means of a wire cutter.

Those fresh bricks are then kept in a drying oven for at least 24 and a maximum of 48 hours, several dozens if not hundreds of bricks at a time. The dried bricks are then transferred to a so-called kiln, another type of high temperature oven. First they are kept at a moderate temperature of 200 ℃ -1300 ℃. This process is followed by cooling down the finished bricks for 48 to 72 hours in a cooling chamber.

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Once the bricks have cooled down and have become hard, they get packaged and delivered to their final destination, be it a building site or storage.

(215 words)

【考官评语】

Band 9

This response fully satisfies the requirements of the task. All key features of each stage of the process are appropriately and accurately presented. An excellent overview is given at the beginning of the response and this skilfully incorporates part of the rubric, changing the grammatical function, to give a brief summary of the whole process. The message is very easy to read, with seamless cohesion that attracts no attention. Paragraphing, linking and referencing are all skilfully managed. The language used is very fluent and sophisticated. A wide range of vocabulary and structures are used with full flexibility and accuracy. Only rare minor ?slips? can be found and these do not detract from the high rating.

二、雅思流程图的重点词汇解析：

表述时间：

in 10 days

during the period of 10 days

The process lasts for up to 10 days

after 10 days

10 days passed until something happened.

表示然后：then, next, in the next state, following that, after that, the next step in the stage is ....

表示过程：process, procedure, formation, development

表示步骤：step, stage, phase

时间阶段：after a period of …months/days/minutes, during…

顺序连词：first, first of all, in the first stage, initially, to begin with

second, then, next, also

after that, at the same time, in the meantime, meanwhile

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prior to, until

the first stage involves … / in the second stage / in the third stage /

in the last stage / The next step in the stage is that….

目的连词：in order to / in order that; so as to / so that

常见动词：

produce生产, lay放置, accumulate积累, gather/collect收集, obtain获得, heat up加热, expand膨胀, bend弯曲, turn off关闭, cool down冷却, disconnect断开连接, spin旋转/纺, strike打击, compress压缩, release释放, expand膨胀, move/flow流动, accelerate加速, form形成, press按压, adjust调整, absorb吸收, form形成, process加工, rotate旋转, chop坎, grind磨（碎）/碾（碎）, light点燃, burn燃烧, ignite点燃, reflect反光, turn转, starts开始, stops结束, records录音, turns up调高, turns down调低, winds缠绕, unwinds解开, revolves旋转, fold折叠, unfold打开, reverse颠倒/倒转, adapt适应, adjust调整, alter改变, cure治愈, disappear消失, dissolve溶化/解散, exchange交换, expand扩张/膨胀, fade退色, increase增长, promote促进/升职, reduce减少, renew使更新/使恢复, renovate革新/更新/修复, replace取代, swell肿胀, switch改变, transform完全改变, vary改变, swap交换, shrink收缩, melt溶解, heal/cure治愈, form/come into being/take shape形成, produce生产, gain/get/acquire获取, evaporate蒸发, volatilize挥发, draw提取, recycle回收, extract拔, absorb吸收, collect收集, meet相遇, be made up of由...组成, be made of由...制成, be made from由…制成, feed on以...为食, depend on/rely on依赖, release/send out释放, sort分类, separate分开, conveyed运送, cut into切成, poured into倒入, heated加热, melted into融化成, flows into流入

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第二篇：【雅思】北京朗阁雅思------从评分标准看：考生如何备考雅思写作(一)

从评分标准看：考生如何备考雅思写作（一）

朗阁海外考试研究中心

在雅思考试中，写作是考生公认最难的一门，是唯一的一门要求学生用书面语言表达自我观点﹑表现自我思维水平﹑展示自我知识储备的输出型考试。同时，写作时间紧、任务重：写作时间1小时，完成一篇不少于150字的图表说明文（小作文），一篇不少于250字的议论文（大作文）。因此，很多考生对写作考试都有畏难情绪和畏惧心理。虽然困难重重，举步维艰，但“事在人为”，并且“知己知彼，百战不殆”。那么，下面朗阁海外考试研究中心写作组的专家将结合雅思写作评分标准，谈一谈考生应该如何备考才能取得高分。

一． 写作任务的完成

◆ 小作文具体要求及备考对策

小作文写作任务的完成包含：对字数与内容的要求。 字数方面，一般说来，小作文的字数不低于150字。如果考生遇到组合图，字数可以稍多一些。考生中会有两种极端情况：一种为150字一筹莫展，一种为250字洋洋得意。前者，往往是未能掌握审图技能的结果；后者，往往是未能掌握筛选信息能力的结果。

内容方面，题目要求中特别指出需要概括题目的主要特征，并且适当作比较。“Summarize the information by selecting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.”

1. 掌握图表（柱图，表格，饼图，线图）的描述重点

柱图：对比数量，对比趋势 表格：横向特征，纵向特征

饼图：先大后小，先总后分 线图：分时间段，对比描述

2. 学会筛选数据，抓住重点数值

起点，极值点，终点，交叉点，拐点（少量，趋势转变时）

3. 结合真题，做分段练习

图表题写作属于说明文，这种文体很有可能写成流水账。因此，合理分段、合理安排写作顺序是十分必要的。而且，分段练习较为省时，考生可以接触到更多不同类型的题目，为提高写作速度做好铺垫。

开头段：只有一段。一般作用为介绍图表内容，写作方法主要为改写题目。 正文段：一般在三段以内。一般为对图表特征的具体描述和数据带入。 结尾段：概括总结图表主要特征。

4. 计时模拟，强化练习

“纸上得来终觉浅，绝知此事要躬行。”考生因为“眼高手低”吃的亏不算少了，而写作考试是尤其讲究熟练度的。所以，考前强化练习，计时模拟十分必要。但朗阁海外考试研究中心提醒考生们要注意以下几个方面：1. 模拟题目选择真题，四大图表题都要练习到位。2. 模拟练习时间放在模拟听力与阅读之后，并且小作文大作文都要写。3. 模拟练习时，不得参考任何资料，借助任何工具。

◆ 大作文具体要求及备考对策

大作文写作任务的完成包含：对字数与内容的要求。 字数方面，要求不低于250字。大作文字数写多一些，内容充实一些是件好事。但是，多数考生存在的是字数不足的问题。

内容方面，要求根据题目要求，围绕主题去写。在这一项上，考生们问题是最多的。一方面，是由于看不懂题目要求而写跑题，这种情况主要出现在基础较弱的考生身上；另一方面，是由于没有找准题目的讨论重点，而避重就轻的展开写作，这一问题许多考生都曾遇到过；最后，是由于论据不充分而导致论证单薄，缺乏说服力，这一问题是考生“写作任务完成”失分最为普遍的原因，尤其是当考生遭遇社会类话题时，这一问题最为突出。

1. 复习真题，找生词 在考题中，经常出现核心词汇的重复，比如：distance learning, criminal等。考生们可以在复习写作时，先把近两年的写作题目过一遍，查查生词。这样做可以大大降低考生在作文题中遭遇生词的尴尬，大大提高审题的准确性。

2. 掌握不同题型大作文的写作重点

观点类：可以支持，反对，中立，一定要表达自己的观点。论据要充分，举例不可或缺。 分析解决类：所问即所答，重点分析原因，解决方法多角度。

3. 八大话题，重点突破

在考题中，“教育，科技，环保，全球化，政府，媒体，工作，社会生活”为常考的八大话题。朗阁海外考试研究中心建议考生要重点复习以下几方面：1. 每个话题的核心词汇要烂

熟于心。2. 每个话题要积累至少两个可以作举例论证的实例。3. 每个话题至少选择两道题目做brainstorming思路拓展练习。4. 每个话题要至少积累两篇范文。5. 每个考生对自己不熟悉的话题，要加强以上练习。

4. 计时模拟，强化练习

强化练习的要求和小作文基本相同，同样需要考生选择真题，严格按照写作时间要求独立完成。观点类和分析解决类的作文都要练习到位。