Unit1  Topic 1 What’s your favorite sport?

重点词语:
1. almost(反义词)never            2.win(过去式)won(名词)winner 
3.ski(现在分词)skiing             4.famous(比较级)more famous
5.arrive(同义词)reach             6.leave(过去式))left 
7.popular(最高级)most popular     8.healthy(同义词)fit(名词)health
(1) 词组
1. during the summer holidays   在暑假期间
2. between…and…            在两者之间
3. cheer sb. on                为某人加油
4. prefer doing sth.            更喜欢做某事
5. quite a bit/a lot             很多
6. plan to do sth.              计划做某事
7. have a skating club          举办滑雪俱乐部
8. go skating/skiing/bicycling/climbing/hiking   去滑雪/滑冰/骑车/爬山/远足
9. arrive in                   到达
10. play against…              与……对抗/较量
11. for long                   很久
12. leave for…                动身去…
13. the day after tomorrow       后天
14. places of interest            名15. 胜
16. play baseball               打棒球
17. at least                    至少
18. be good at                 善于做某事
19. take part in                参加
20. all over the world           全世界
21. be good for                对……有益
22. a good way                一种好方法
23. keep fit/healthy             保持健康
24. relax oneself                放松某人自己
重点句型
25. What’s your favorite sport? = What sport do you like best? 你最喜爱的运动是什么?
26. Which sport do you prefer? = Which sport do you like better? 你更喜欢什么运动?
I prefer skating. = I like skating better. 我更喜欢滑雪.
27.    Do you skate much? = Do you often skate? 你常滑雪吗?
28. She spends at least half an hour in the gym every day. 每天她至少花半小时在体育馆.
29. She plays baseball pretty well and she is also good at jumping.
她棒球打得相当好而且擅长于跳.
30. What kind of sports do you like? = Which sport do you like? 你喜欢哪种运动?
重点语言点
31. see sb. do sth  “看见某人做了某事” 强调动作的全过程,常与every day; often等连用.
see sb. doing sth.  “看见某人正在做某事” 强调动作正在进行.
  如: I saw you play basketball almost every day during the summer holidays.
     I often see him draw pictures near the river. 我常看见她在河边画画.
     I saw her go across the street.  我看见她过了马路
     I saw her going across the street. 我看见她正在过马路.
     [类似的有watch,hear,feel 等这类感观动词.]
32. join sb. 表示 “加入某人的行列” “和某人在一起”
join + 组织  表示 “加入某个组织”
take part in   表示 “参加/出席某个活动”
如: Will you join us?
   I will join the skiing club.
   She is planning to take part in the high jump.
33. arrive in + 大地点
arrive at + 小地点
get to + 地点 = reach + 地点
如: My uncle arrived in Beijing yesterday.
   I arrived at the Great Wall. = I got to the Great Wall. = I reached the Great Wall.
注意: reach here/there/home = get here/there/home = arrive here/there/home
34. leave… 离开……
leave for… 动身去…/离开到…
如: They are leaving Beijing tomorrow. 明天他们要离开北京.
They are leaving for Japan the day after tomorrow. 后天他们要前往日本.

35. a few  “几个;一些” 修饰可数名36. 词
a little  “一点点” 修饰不数名词
如: There are a few eggs in the basket.
   There is a little water in the bottle.
37. how long  表示“多久(时间)”; 提问时间段.
how often  表示 “多常; 多久一次”; 提问时间的频率.
如: They will stay in Beijing for a week. → How long will they stay in Beijing?
   He plays basketball twice a week. →  How often does he play basketball?
7.be good at (doing) sth. = do well in (doing) sth. 擅长于(做)某事
    如: She is good at (playing) baseball. = She does well in (playing) baseball.
8.make sth/sb + adj.    使某物(某人)在某种状态
 keep …sth/sb + adj.   保持某物(某人)在某种状态
 如: Playing soccer can make your body strong.
    Swimming can help to keep your heart and lungs healthy.
重点语法 
一般将来时：
（一）be going to 结构: ①表示主语进行某一将来行动的打算、意图。这种打算常经过预先考虑并含有自己做好某些准备的意思，因此通常认为用be going to表达的行动很可能会见诸实践。
如：I’m going to play basketball with my classmates this Sunday.
  我打算本周日和同学们一起打篮球。
      She is going to buy a sweater for her mother.
她打算为她妈妈买一件毛衣。
②表预测。指根据迹象推测，而且马上或很快就要发生。
  如：Look at those clouds. It’s going to rain. 瞧那些乌云！快要下雨了！
（二） will + 动词原形：表示单纯的将来事实，常与表将来的时间状语如:tomorrow, soon, later, next time(week/month/year…)等连用。will not = won’t; 缩略形式为’ll.
表示作出立即的决定。这种意图并未经过事先的考虑或计划，是临时的一种决定。
如：a. ----Please put your things away, Tom. 汤姆，把你的东西收拾好。
----I’m sorry. I’ll do it right away. 对不起。我马上就去做。
b. ----Would you like coffee or tea? 您要咖啡还是茶？
  ----I will have a cup of tea,please. 我要一杯茶。
c. Don’t worry. I’ll help you. 别担心。我会帮你的。
表示预测。指说话人对于将来的看法、假设和推测。
如： I’m sure our team will win next time. 我确信下次我们队会赢。
Maybe she will go to the gym. 也许她会去体育馆。
表示许诺。如： I’ll do better next time.  下次我会做得更好的。
                   I’ll visit you tomorrow. 明天我会去看你的。
句式：肯定句：I/She/He/They will go to play baseball soon.
否定句：I/She/He/They won’t go to play baseball soon.
一般疑问句：Will you/she/he/they go to play baseball soon?
回答：Yes, I/she/he/they will.      No, I/she /he/they won’t.
（三）动词plan, come, go, leave, fly等用现在进行时表示将要发生的事.
      如： I’m coming. 我就来。
           He is leaving for Shanghai. 他将到上海去。
           We are going to Beijing. 我们将去北京。

下面是Ann的锻炼计划，请根据图片和时间提示，写一篇60词左右的短文，注意要有一定的感想。

Ⅲ.参考范文:

Ann likes sports. She does exercise/ has sports in the gym for one hour on Wednesday morning. On Friday afternoon, she often goes swimming from 4:00 to 5:30. She goes hiking from 1: 00 to 2: 30 on Saturday afternoon. Tomorrow morning, she is going to fly a kite in the park. She thinks that it’s good for our health to do much exercise.

Topic 2   Would you mind saying sorry to Michael?

一、重点词语:
词形转换：
(1) adj. + ly → adv.
loud → loudly         soft → softly    quiet → quietly
clear → clearly       angry → angrily   easy → easily
(2)过去式：
fall → fell  break → broke lose →lost  throw → threw  feel → felt 
(3)  1.ill (同义词)sick (名词)illness    2.start(同义词)begin 
3.far(反义词)near               4.smoke(现在分词)smoking
5.careless(反义词)careful  6.important(比较级) more important      7.Russia(公民)Russian           8.enjoy(现在分词)enjoying 
9.invent(名词)invention;inventor  10.indoor(反义词)outdoor  
   11.century(复数)centuries         12.coach(复数)coaches 
13.feel (名词)feeling            14.tiring(近义词)tired
   (二) 词组:
have a soccer game                 进行一场足球赛
fall ill                            病倒了
be a little far from…                离……有点远   
right away = at once                立刻;马上
miss a good chance                 错过一个好机会
get/miss a goal                    得到/失去一分
shame on sb.                      为某人感到羞耻
do one’s best                      尽某人的力
say sorry to sb.                    对某人说抱歉
be sure to do sth.                   确定做某事
be angry with…                   生某人的气
with one’s help = with the help of sb.  在某人的帮助下
serve food                        上菜
turn up/down…                    调高/低（音量）
keep sb. doing sth.                  让某人一直做某事
in a minute                        一分钟后；马上
on the phone                       在电话中
take a seat                         就坐
never mind                        不要紧
a lot of traveling                    一系列旅行
love/enjoy doing sth.                喜爱/欢做某事
have a very exciting life              过着非常兴奋的生活
as well                            也
throw…into…                     把……投进……
follow/obey the rules               遵守规则
over a century later                 一个多世纪后
more and more people               越来越多的人
feel tired                          感到疲劳
instead of…                       替代…… 
ask sb. to do sth.                    叫某人做某事
make a plan for sb.                  为某人订一份计划
build up                           增进;增强
go right                           正常运转
do the homework                    做作业
二.重点句型
Could you please do me a favor? = Could you help me? = Could you give me a hand?
你能帮我吗？
Would you mind teaching me? = Would you please teach me? 你教我好吗？
You are always so careless. 你总是这样粗心大意.
Let me buy you a new one. = Let me buy a new one for you.让我为你买一个新的。
He invented an indoor game for his students so that they could play it even in bad weather. 他为他的学生们发明了一项室内运动以便他们甚至在恶劣的天气也能玩。
And you can throw it with one hand or both hands.你能用一只手或两只手投掷它。
三. 重点语言点
ill 与 sick 都表示 “生病的”, 只能作表语而既可作表语也可作定语.
如: The man is ill/sick. 那个男人病了. (作表语)
   He is a sick man. 他是个病人. (作定语)
Would you mind (not) doing sth? 表示 “(不)做某事介意/好吗?”
如: Would you mind coming and checking it? 来修理它好吗?
   Would you mind not smoking here? 不要在这儿吸烟好/介意吗?
   3.  one of + 名词复数   表示 “其中之一……”, 主语是one,表单数.
      如: One of my teammates is strong and tall.  其中我的一个队友又高又壮。
4.  miss “错过,思念,遗失”
如: I missed the last bus yesterday. 昨天我错过最后一班车.
   He missed his mother. 他想念他的母亲.
   My God! I missed(=lost) my key. 天啊! 我把钥匙弄丢了.
   5.  be sure to do sth. = be sure that + 句子  “确定做某事”
       如: We are sure to win next time. = We are sure that we will win next time.
我们确信下次一定会赢。
be sorry for… “为某事抱歉”
be sorry to do sth. = be sorry (that) + 句子 “很抱歉做了某事”
如: I am very sorry for what I said. 我为我所说的话感到抱歉.
   I’m sorry I lost your book. = I’m sorry to lose your book.很抱歉弄丢你的书。
7．tired  adj. “（感到）疲惫的” , 主语是人     如: I feel tired today. 今天我感到累了.
tiring  adj. “令人疲劳的”, 主语是事物    如:This job is tiring. 这份工作令人疲惫.
类似的有: excited 感到兴奋的 exciting 令人兴奋的  
 interested 感到有趣的  interesting 有趣的
8.15-year-old  “15岁的”
15 years old  “15岁”  如: He is a 15-year-old boy. = The boy is 15 years old.
类似用法:  2.5-mile / 2.5 miles
   9. instead  “替代;相反”, 一般单独使用,放在句末,前面用逗号隔开.
instead of…“替代……;而不……,相反”
如: I won’t go to Shanghai. I’ll go to Beijing, instead. 我不会去上海而会去北京.
   = I’ll go to Beijing instead of Shanghai.
   I drank a lot of milk instead of water. 我喝了许多牛奶而不是水.
have fun doing sth. = enjoy doing sth.  表示 “从做…….中获得乐趣”
如: I have great fun running. = I enjoy running.我总能在跑步中得到很大乐趣。Ⅲ.书面表达。（10分）

根据表格中所提供的信息，以My favorite player为题写一篇60词左右的短文。（任选其一）

Ⅲ. 参考范文:

My favorite player

My favorite player is Zhang Yining who is 1.68 meter tall. She is a table tennis player on the national team of China. She was born on October 5th, 1982. When she was six years old, she began to practice playing ping-pong. She started to play on our national team in 1995. She is clever, quick and hard working. In 20## Athens Olympic Games, she did very well and got medals. I like her best because I like ping-pong.

Topic 3  Beijing will host the 20## Olympics.
一、重点词组:
join the English club                      加入英语俱乐部
host the 20## Olympics                   举办20##年奥运会
fill out                                 填出/好
go on                                  发生；进行
all the interesting places                   所有有趣的地方
quite a lot                              相当多
make friends with…                      与……交朋友
be afraid                               恐怕
be free                                有空
see you then                            再见
win the first gold medal                   赢得第一枚金牌
get 28 gold medals                       获得28枚金牌
the winner of the first gold medal           第一枚金牌的获胜者
every four years                         每四年;每隔三年
the mascot for the Beijing Olympics         北京奥运会的吉祥物
behave well                            举止得体
improve the environment                  改善环境
plant trees and grass                      种植花草树木
a symbol of …                          一种……的象征
stand for                               代表
the five parts of the world                 世界的五大部分
do morning exercises                     做早操
be fond of (doing) sth.                    喜欢(做)某事
二、重点句型
1.Could you tell me your name? 你能告诉我你的名字吗?
= What’s your name?
2.What do you do? = What’s your job? = What are you? 你是干什么的?
3. More and more foreign friends ride in my taxi (= take my taxi) now.
现在越来越多的外国朋友搭我的出租车.
4.Speaking English will help me a lot. 说英语将对我有很大帮助.
5.Please fill it out. 请把它填好.
6.What will the weather be like this weekend? = How will the weather be this weekend?
  本周末的天气怎样?
7..There will be more roads in Beijing. 在北京将会有更多的马路.
三. 重点语言点
fill out + 名词         “填好……”
fill + 名词/代词+out
如: Please fill out this form. = Please fill this form out. 请填好这张表格.
   Please fill it/them out. (当宾语是代词时, 只能放中间) 请把它(们)填好.
be afraid…   “恐怕” 指有礼貌地、委婉地拒绝别人.
 be afraid of…  “害怕(做)……”
 如: I’m afraid I won’t be free.  我恐怕没有空.
    He is afraid of dogs.  他害怕狗.
    They are afraid of losing the game.  他们害怕输了比赛.
may be “可能是……”  may是情态动词 + be
maybe  “或许; 可能”  maybe是副词
如: He may be a teacher. = Maybe he is a teacher. 他可能是一名老师.
   He may know her name. = Maybe he knows her name. 他可能知道她的名字.
between  在两者之间
among   在三者或三者当中
如: The answer is between A and B. 答案在A和B 之间.
   The winner is among of us. 获胜者在我们当中.
5.  There be 句型的一般将来时
   正:There will be a sports meeting in our school this weekend.
 = There is going to be a sports meeting in our school this weekend.
   误:There will have a sports meeting in our school this weekend.
 = There is going to have a sports meeting in our school this weekend.
四、交际用语
提建议的句型:
Would you like to go hiking with us? 你想和我们一起去远足吗?
What/How about going hiking with us? 和我们一起去远足怎么样?
Why don’t you go hiking with us? 你为什么不和我们一起去远足呢?
Why not go hiking with us? 为什么不和我们为什么不和我们一起去远足呢?呢?
Let’s go hiking. 让我们一起去远足吧!
Would you mind going hiking with us? 你介意和我们一起去远足吗?
Would you please go hiking with us?  和我们一起去远足好吗?
Shall we go hiking? 我们一起去远足好吗? (shall在疑问句中与I 和we连用,表示提出或征求意见. 意思为 “……好吗?/ 要不要……?)

Unit 2   Keeping Healthy  

Topic 1  How are you feeling today?

一、重点词组:
have a (bad/terrible) cold                       患（重）感冒
have a toothache/backache/headache/stomachache   牙痛/背痛/头痛/胃痛
see a dentist/doctor                         看牙医/医生
have a cough/fever                         患咳嗽/发高烧
have the flu                               得了流感
have sore eyes                             眼睛发炎
have a sore throat                           喉咙发炎
take/have a (good) rest                      （好好）休息
sleep well                                 睡得好
drink a lot of boiled water                    多喝开水
lift heavy things                            提重物
stay in bed                                呆在床上
have a good sleep                           好好睡一觉
feel terrible                                感到难受
take sb. to…                               带某人去……
take some medicine/ pills                     吃药
day and night                              日日夜夜
bad luck                                  倒霉
lie down                                  躺下
hot tea with honey                          加蜜的热茶
brush one’s teeth                           刷牙
have an accident                           出了事故/意外
send sb. to….                             送某人去……
take/ have a look at…                       看一看……
not…until…                              直到……才…..
get well                                  恢复健康
plenty of…                               充足;大量
take off your coat                          脱掉你的大衣
二、重点句型
You should see a dentist.                你应该看牙医。
You shouldn’t lift heavy things.           你不应该提重物。
You look pale.                         你看起来气色不好,很苍白.
You’d better go to see a doctor.            你最好去看医生.
You’d better not go to school today.        今天你最好不要去上学.
Thank you for your flowers and fruit.       谢谢你送来的鲜花和水果.
I couldn’t read them until today.           直到今天我才读了他们.
三. 重点语言点
身体某个部位 + ache，表身体某处疼痛。
如: headache 头痛    backache  背痛     stomachache  胃痛   toothache  牙痛
medicine   “药” 为不可数名词
pill        “药片” 为可数名词
如: take some medicine   吃些药          take some cold pills    吃些感冒药
with   “含有…” 
without  “没有”
   hot tea with honey  加蜜的茶    coffee with sugar and milk   加糖和牛奶
mooncake with eggs 含鸡蛋的月饼
Chinese tea with nothing = Chinese tea without anything 中国清茶
Go to school without (eating) breakfast. 没吃早饭去上学。
until    “直到……为止” ; 句中动词一般为延续性动词
not …until….   “直到……才…” ; 句中动词一般为短暂性动词
 如: He will wait for his father until ten o’clock. 他将等他父亲一直到10点为止.
    He won’t leave until his father comes .  直到他父亲来他才离开.
both…and….  “……和……(两者)都”; 当主语时,谓语动词用复数.
如: I know both Jim and Tom.       吉姆和汤姆俩人我都认识.
   Both Jim and I are 16 years old.  我和吉姆都是16岁.                                                                                                                                            
plenty of… “充足;大量”  既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词, 只用于肯定句,
相当于a lot of…/ lots of…
many   “许多”, 修饰可数名词
much    “许多”, 修饰不可数名词
如: You should drink plenty of /a lot of boiled water.  你应该喝大量的开水.
   You shouldn’t drink so much water. 你不应该喝这么多水.
   I have many/lots of/a lot of/plenty of books. 我有许多水.

四、交际用语
   (一)询问病情
What’s wrong/the matter/ the trouble with you ? 有什么不舒服?
How are you feeling now?  你现在感觉怎么样?
Do you have a cold? 你得了感冒了吗?
(二)诉说病情
1. I feel terrible./ I am feeling terrible. 我感到难受.
2. I have a headache/stomachache/…. 我头痛/肚子痛…..
3. I can’t sleep well at night.  我晚上睡不4. 好觉.
5. I cough day and night. 我日日夜夜地咳嗽.
6. But my left leg hurts when I move it. 但是当我移动时,我的左腿疼.
(3) 表示同(4) 情
1. I’m sorry to hear that.听到这事我感到难过.
2. That’s too bad. 那太糟了.
3. Bad luck.  倒霉.
(5) 表达建议
1. You’d better (not) do sth         最好(不2. )做某事.
3. You should/shouldn’t do sth      你(不4. ) 应该做某事.
5. Shall I take you to the hospital?    我带你去医院好吗?

Topic 2  Is it good for your health?

一、重点词组:
look tired                     看起来很累
watch a soccer game on TV      在电视上观看一场足球赛          
stay up                       熬夜
keep long fingernails            留长指甲
wash hands before meals         饭前洗手
play sports right after meals      饭后适当运动
take a fresh breath              呼吸新鲜空气
be necessary for…              对于……来说是必不可少的
keep you active                使你保持精力旺盛
in the daytime                 在白天
throw litter about               乱扔垃圾
get enough sleep               得到足够的睡眠
exercise on an empty stomach    空腹锻炼
= without eating anything
need to do sth                 需要做某事
get into                      进入
become sick                  生病
fight germs                   抗击病菌
keep the air clean and fresh      保持空气清新
eat bad food                  吃变质食物
sweep the floors               打扫地板
as we know                   众所周知
have the right kinds of food      吃正确种类的（健康的）食品
choose the wrong food          选择错误的（不健康的）食品
in different ways               用不同的方法
make us sick                  使我们生病
二、重点句型
I see. Staying up late is bad for your health. 我明白了. 熬夜有害你的健康.
(动名词短语做主语)
   2.  How did Wang Jun get a headache?   王俊怎样患上头痛的？
Is going to bed early good or bad for your health? It’s good.
早点睡觉对你的健康有益还是有害? 有益. (选择问句要根据事实回答)
Walking is good exercise and it is necessary for good health.散步是很好的锻炼,是身体健康必不可少.
It will keep you active in the daytime. 它(早睡早起)将使你在白天保持旺盛的精力.
You must not throw litter about. = Don’t throw litter about. 不要乱扔垃圾.
We may have more than one headache each month. 每月我们可能会不止一次头疼.
You may get a headache when you can’t get enough sleep.当你睡眠不足时,可能会头疼.
What does it mean when you have a headache? 头痛对你来说意味着什么?
The boy becomes sick.  那个男孩生病了.
As we know, food gives us enery. 众所周知,食物给我们提供能量.
If we eat too little or too much food, or if we choose the wrong food, it can make us sick.
如果我们吃得太少或太多, 或者食物的选择不当会生病的.
三. 重点语言点
1.  be good for…   对……有益  
be bad for…    对……有害
如:  Swimming is good for health.     游泳对健康有益.
     Reading in strong sunlight is bad for the eyes.  在强烈的阳光下看书对眼睛有害.
disease  通常指具体的病, 表 “特定的疾病、病名”
illness   通常指生病的状态或表抽象的疾病
如： Germs can cause diseases.   细菌会引发疾病。
SARS is a serious disease.  非典是一种严重的疾病。
Don’t worry about his illness.  别担心他的病。
exercise   表 “锻炼/运动”时, 为不可数名词;
表 “练习”或有定语修饰时, 为可数名词.
如: He often takes/does exercise in the morning. 他经常上午锻炼.
   Please do the exercises at once.请马上做这些练习.
   He does morning exercises every day. 他每天做早操
.  Walking is good exercise. 散步是很好的锻炼.
enough  adj. “足够的”  
修饰名词时, 既可放在名词之前, 也可放在名词之后.(但通常放在名词之前)
如: I have enough time/ time enough to finish this work. 我有足够的时间完成这项工作.
 There is enough food in the fridge. 冰箱里有足够的食物.
adv. “足够地”  修饰形容词或副词时, 均放在所修饰词的后面.
如:  He is tall enough to reach the apple. 他足够高,能够得着苹果.
   He speaks clearly enough. 他讲得足够清楚.
need  “需要, 必需”
1 作实义动词: need sth. 需要某物    need to do sth. 需要做某事
如: I need some help. 我需要一些帮助.
   You need to see a doctor. 你需要去看医生.
He needs to take a bus. 他需要去搭车.
2 作情态动词: need + 动词原形
如: If she wants anything, she only need ask. 她想要什么东西, 只要开口就行了.
   You needn’t finish this work today. 你不必今天完成这项工作.
  6． too much + 不可数名词   表“太多的。。。”
much too + 形容词        表“太。。。”，much 起加强语气作用
如：Don’t eat too much meat. 不要吃太多的肉。
    He is much too fat.  他实在太胖了。   
四.重点语法
  情态动词:
①must   “必须, 一定”  如: We must study hard.   我们必须努力学习.
 mustn’t  “不可以”     如: You mustn’t walk on the lawn.  你不可以在草坪上行走.
  ②should   “应该”      如: We should finish it on time.  我们应该按时完成它.
shouldn’t  “不该”     如: You shouldn’t go to school late. 你不该上学迟到.

③had better  “最好”       如：You had better go to bed early.你最好早睡。
   had better not “最好不”   如：You had better not go to bed late.
你最好不要迟睡。
④may   “可以”       如: May I come in?  我可以进来吗?
“可能”      如: You may get a headache when you work too hard.
              当你工作太努力时,你可能会头疼.

Ⅲ.书面表达。（10分）

你的爸爸抽烟吗？请写一篇小短文描述抽烟的害处，回家后读给你的爸爸听。（60词左右）提示如下：

1.抽烟有害健康,不能长寿；

2.抽烟易导致疾病；

3.抽烟还危害别人。

Ⅲ.参考范文:

Smoking and Health

Everyone knows smoking is bad for health. People who smoke too much may not live long. Many people die from smoking each year.

Smoking causes many illnesses. Smokers have bad teeth. A lot of people always cough because of smoking. Smoking can easily cause lung cancer.

Smoking is bad for smokers, and it’s also bad for women and children, too.

I hope all the smokers can give up smoking for themselves and also for the people around them. Let’s enjoy clean air.

 Unit3  My  Hobby     Topic 1 

一.重点词汇

such as 例如     used to do sth.过去常常做某事    walk a dog = take a dog for a walk 遛狗

take/have a bath  洗澡     take sb/sth for a walk 带某物/人去散步

go hiking 徒步旅行      go boating 划船     play volleyball 打排球         

collect stamps/ coins 集邮/收藏硬币   plant flowers 种花  fly kites放风筝 

listening to pop/rock/ classical music 听流行/摇滚/古典音乐          climb mountains爬山

help sb with sth 在某方面帮助某人     help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事

二.重点句型：

1.What do you often do in your spare time?在你的业余时间里面你都做些什么啊？

in one’s spare time “在业余时间”“在闲暇之际”，也可用in one’s free time替换。如:

1）I shall do it in my spare time. 我会在我的业余时间做这件事。

2）In my free time I often go to the movies.在闲暇之际，我常去看电影。

2. I often go fishing.我经常去钓鱼。

go + doing表示“去做某事”

go +v-ing结构很常用，多用于体育活动和业余娱乐活动。如:

1)Let’s go fishing next Sunday.下星期天我们去钓鱼吧。

2)Are you going hiking this weekend?这个周末你打算去远足吗？

另外还有：  go swimming 去游泳go bathing 去沐浴  go shopping 去购物  

go climbing 去爬山 go skating 去溜冰 go skiing 滑雪

3. 在英语中有不少由“do + doing”的结构，表示“干某事”。如：

散步 do some walking      读书 do some reading    洗衣服 do some washing    

买东西 do some shopping    清扫 do some cleaning      

4．I am a movie fan. I go to the movie theater a lot.我是一个电影迷。我经常去看电影。

fan(运动、电影等)狂热爱好者。如:a film / football / star fan

同时，fan作为名词还有“风扇”的意思。如：electric fan 电扇。

  go to the movie theater = go to the movies  去看电影

5．I also rent VCDs and watch them at home. 我也租一些VCD在家看。

watch “观看、注视”。如：I like to watch TV.我喜欢看电视。

rent sth from sb   从-----借--------       rent sth to sb 把--------借给--------

6.Why not go out and do some outdoor activities?为什么不走出去做一些户外运动呢？

这是一个省略句，全句可以说成Why shall we not go out and do some outdoor activities?常在口语中使用，用来征求对方的意见或表达建议。使用这种句子必须要有上下文，如：

1）Why not meet at the school gate?我们在校门口见面好吗？

2）Why not run a little faster?为什么不跑快一点呢？

some“一些、几个”，用在疑问句中, 表示希望得到肯定回答。如：

7. Maybe I need a change. 或许我需要改变。

maybe “也许、可能、大概”。如：

1）Maybe he will come, maybe he won’t.也许他来，也许他不来。

2）—Is that true?那是真的吗？—Maybe, I am not sure.也许，我也不敢肯定。

Change    n.或者v. 改变

8. love + doing表示“喜欢、爱好”，也可以用like+ doing表示。如：

1）I love listening to the music.我爱好听音乐。

2）I love skating.我喜欢溜冰。

9. I am interested in playing sports.我对运动感兴趣。

be interested in (doing) sth. “对……感兴趣”如:

1）I am interested in reading books.我对读书特别感兴趣。

2）Jack is interested in football.杰克对足球很感兴趣。

be fond of = like都+doing.  I am fond of acting. 我喜欢表演。

10. We can learn a lot about people, places, history, and special times from stamps.通过这些邮票我们可以学到许多关于人文、地理、历史和特殊时代的知识。

a lot “许多、大量”，用在动词后，同very much。如:

1）She had told me a lot about how to learn English well.

她告诉我许多有关怎样学好英语的方法。

2）Thanks a lot.非常感谢。

另外，a lot of 和lots of 的意思也是“许多、大量”，要用在名词前，在肯定句中常代替much，many。在口语中尤其如此。如：

There are a lot of / lots of history books in the room.屋里有许多历史书。

There is still a lot of / lots of snow on top of the house.房上仍有许多雪。

We have had a lot of / lots of fruits. 我们吃过许多水果。

a lot of和lots of之间没有多大区别，都可以与可数名词和不可数名词连用。与不可数名词连用时，动词用单数，与可数名词连用时，动词用复数。见上述例句。

11.Pleased to meet/ see you. = Nice to meet/ see you. = Glad to meet/ see you.

= Happy to meet/ see you.见到你很高兴。

12. Some of them are of great value.它们中的一些很值钱。= Some of them are of valuable.

be of +抽象n. =be + adj. 例如：be of great help/use = be very helpful/useful

some of + 可数名词或不可数名词，谓语根据后面的名词确定单复数。

13.My interests are changing all the time. 我的兴趣爱好总是在不断地改变。

all the time“总是、一直”。at times = sometimes 有时      at the same time同时

14. And I wasn’t interested in sports at all.  我对运动一点兴趣都没有。

not...at all “一点也不……”；“全然不”。如：

1）I didn’t mind it at all. 我一点也不在意。

2）—Thank you for helping me.谢谢你帮助我。—Not at all.没关系。

3）He didn’t know that at all. 他对此事一无所知。

15. But now, my hobbies are sports, like soccer and swimming. 但是现在我的爱好是体育，比如足球和游泳。

like “像……，好比……”。如：

1)He swims very quickly like a fish.他游泳非常地快，像一条鱼。

2) The cake is round like a moon.这块蛋糕是圆的，就像月亮一样。

16. I never miss any important soccer games.

我从未错过任何一场重要的足球比赛。

never “未曾、从未”，表示否定。如：

1)I have never met him before.我以前从未见过他。

2) You have never been to the Great Wall, have you?你从未去过长城，是吗？

17. I used to know little about paintings. 我过去不太懂绘画。

little和few都含有否定的意思。表示“不多”；“很少”。little相当于not much, few相当于not many。little与不可数名词连用, few与可数名词复数连用。如：

1)I have little time.我的时间很少。

2) I understood little of his speech.他的话我没有明白多少。

3) Few of the students passed the exam.没有几个学生考试及格。

Few people would agree with him.没有多少人同意他。

而a little和a few含有肯定的意思，表示“一些”；“几个”（虽然少，但有一些）。如：

1)I know a little French.我多少还懂点儿法语。

2) There’s a little water in the glass.杯子里还有点儿水。

3) Can you stay a few days longer?你能多呆几天吗？

4)I still have a few friends in Beijing.我在北京还有几个朋友。

18. I enjoy listening to rock music.  我喜欢听摇滚音乐。

like, love, enjoy和prefer，这四个词都有“喜欢”之意，但用法不同。试比较：

like意为“喜欢、爱好”，语气较弱，其后可跟名词、代词、不定式、动名词等作宾语。like也常跟复合宾语，宾语补足语常用动词不定式。如：

1）In England， many people like fish and chips.在英国，许多人喜欢鱼和油炸土豆条。

2）Jack likes playing football.杰克爱踢足球。

3）I don’t like to eat apples now.现在我不想吃苹果。

love意为“爱，热爱，喜欢”，常指对祖国、亲人及朋友的爱，也可用于事物，强调非常喜欢，具有较强的感情色彩。其后可跟名词、动名词、代词或不定式作宾语。如：

1）Father loves his work.爸爸热爱他的工作。

2）I love watching TV.我爱看电视。

3）Children love to play this game.孩子们爱做这种游戏。

4）We all love our great motherland.我们热爱我们伟大的祖国。

enjoy意为“喜欢，欣赏”，含有“乐于、享受……之乐趣”之意，其后可以跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。enjoy oneself表示“玩得愉快”之意。

1）The Greens enjoy living in China.格林一家喜欢在中国居住。

2）Did you enjoy yourself in the zoo?你在动物园玩得愉快吗？

3）Many foreigners enjoy Chinese food.很多外国人喜欢中国菜。

prefer意为“宁愿、更喜欢”，常用于两者之间的选择，其后可跟名词、代词、动名词或不定式。prefer...to...表示“宁愿……，不愿……”，“喜欢……而不喜欢……”，其中to为介词，后可跟名词或动名词。如：

1）Which do you prefer, tea or coffee?你比较喜欢喝茶，还是喝咖啡？

2）I prefer walking to cycling.我喜欢步行胜过骑单车。

3）My brother likes maths, but I prefer English.我哥哥喜欢数学，而我更喜欢英语。

19.Did you use to go swimming in the summer vacation?在暑假里，你过去经常去游泳么？

in the summer vacation = during the summer holiday

20．I used to do that in the pond in front of my house. 我过去常在我家门前的池塘里游泳。

in front of “在……的前面”；指在物体外部的前面。而in the front of “……的前部”；指在物体内部的前面，即前部。注意它们的区别。试比较：

1）There is a tall tree in front of my house.我家房前有一棵大树。

2）Don’t stand in front of me. I can’t see the blackboard. 别站在我前面。我都看不见黑板了。

3）The teacher is giving a lesson in the front of the classroom.  老师在教室的前面讲课。

4) The driver is sitting in the front of the car.司机坐在汽车的前面。

21．Nobody. I taught myself. 没有任何人，我自学的。

teach oneself = learn sth by oneself  “自学、自修”。teach sb to do sth  教某人做某事

有些动词后常跟反身代词，如：enjoy oneself “过得愉快”, help oneself “随便吃（用）……”如：1)She teaches history in our school.她在我们学校教历史。

2)She taught his son English when he was 3 years old.她儿子3岁时，她就教他英语。

3）Did you enjoy yourselves in the party?你们在舞会上玩得愉快吗？

4）Help yourself to some fruit.请随便吃些水果吧。

22. People usually do what they like in their spare time .人们总是在空闲的时候做一些自己喜欢的事情。What they like是 what引导的宾语从句。

23.They also paint pictures or collect things such as coins, dolls or stamps.

他们也绘画或者收集一些东西，例如：硬币、娃娃或邮票。

such as “像……、比如……、诸如……”如：

1）We study several subjects, such as Chinese, maths, English and physics.

我们学习很多的科目，比如语文、数学、英语和物理。

2）I can name some animals in the zoo, such as tiger, wolf, fox and so on.

我可以叫出动物园里一些动物的名字，如老虎，狼，狐狸等。

such as 与for example的区别: such as 用于句中，通常直接接词语，而for example可用于句首，句中，句末，通常接词语或句子，用“，”隔开。

例如：I know he often does good things, for example, he often helps the old.(老人)

24．When people become old, hobbies can keep them healthy. When people are sick, hobbies can help them get well sooner.当人们变老的时候，爱好可以帮助他们保持健康。当人们身体虚弱的时候，爱好还可以帮助他们很快地康复。

本句中become, keep, be, 与get都是系动词。系动词的基本用法是其后加形容词做表语。系动词一共可以分为两大类：表示状态的和表示状态变化的。

系动词表示状态的又分为：

1)be, seem, appear等。

2)由感官动词变化而来的，翻译成中文通常可以翻译成“……起来”，这些系动词有：look, sound, feel, taste, smell等。

3)由不及物动词转化而来的，这些系动词有：stand, keep, prove, remain

系动词表示状态变化的包括：become, go, get, grow, turn, fall等。如：

1）Coffee smells nice.咖啡闻起来好香。

2）After hearing that, his face went red.听完，他的脸红了。

3）The days get longer and longer in spring.春天白天变得越来越长了。

25．I call him Pink pig. The color of his skin is light pink.

我叫他粉色，因为他的皮肤是淡粉色的。

light“淡色的、浅色的”，而dark的意思则是“深色的、暗淡的”。如：

1)Which dress do you like, the light one or the dark one?

你喜欢哪条裙子，浅色的还是深色的？

2)It is dark now. Let’s go home quickly. 天黑了，咱们快点儿回家吧。

26．Pink likes to have a bath. Pink喜欢洗澡。

have/take a bath 洗澡

短语have a bath与动词bathe意思一样，但前者表示在有限的时间里进行某项活动。如：

游泳 have a swim    谈一谈  have a talk   洗一洗 have a wash  骑马  have a ride

看一看 have a look休息一下 have a rest

27.How do you take care of them? 你怎样照顾它们？

take care of 照顾，类似的说法还有look after/care for。如：

1)The girl is too young to take care of herself.这姑娘太小了还不能照顾自己。

2) The old man is taken good care of by his children.这位老人被他的孩子们精心地照顾着。

3)My mother is ill. I have to look after her at home.我妈妈病了，我得在家照顾她。

4）You must look after your things. 你必须照看好你自己的东西。

三.语法学习

1.I used to listen to rock music but now I collect telephone cards and paintings. (Page 53)

我过去常听摇滚乐，可现在我集电话卡和画。

used to do sth. 这一结构表示过去的习惯（过去经常反复发生的动作）或状态（暗含的意思是现在已不复存在），只有一种形式，即过去式，用于所有人称。used to的否定形式为：used not to do或didn’t use to do。疑问句为Used you to... ? 或 Did you use to...?如：

1）I used to go to school on foot.

我过去步行上学。（暗含的意思是：我现在不再步行上学了。）

2）Mary used to sleep late.

玛莉过去总是很晚才睡觉。（暗含的意思是：玛莉现在睡觉不再那么晚了。）

3)I used to walk along the road after supper.

我过去常常在晚饭后沿着这条马路散步。

4)He used not to like Peking opera, but now he’s very fond of it.

他过去不喜欢京剧，但现在非常喜欢。

现在大多数人在口语中或不太正式的书面语中对否定句和疑问句常使用与do 连用的形式。例如：   1)I didn’t use to like skating, but now I like it very much.

我过去不喜欢滑冰，但现在很喜欢。

2)Did you use to go there?你以往常去哪儿？

3)There used to be a theatre here, didn’t there?以前这里有一座剧院，是不是？

另外，注意be used to doing sth.与used to do sth.的区别：

be used to doing sth “习惯于……，适应于……”如:

1）He is used to working hard. 他习惯于努力地工作。

2）He used to bring me roses when he came to see me. 过去他来看我时,常带玫瑰花。

3）I’m used to doing jogging in the morning now. 我习惯于早上慢跑。

be used to do sth.“某物被用来做某事”。如：

1）Wood is used to make paper. 木材被用来生产纸张。

2）Computers can be used to do a lot of work now. 如今电脑可用来做许多事。

2. Collecting stamps must be great fun!集邮肯定很有趣！

must在这里是情态动词，作用是用来表示推测，可以翻译为“想必”。如:

1)Your brother must be in the school. I saw him just now.

你的哥哥想必在学校。我刚才看见他了。

2)Your friend must have left for Nanjing yesterday.

你的朋友想必昨天已经离开去南京了。

3) She thought that her present must be in the box.她以为礼物一定是在盒子里。

4) You must be thirsty after a long walk.走了很长的路，你一定渴了。

5) It must be ten o’clock now.现在肯定有10点钟了。

情态动词must的三种否定形式

must表示“必须”时，其否定回答为don’t have to，意思为“不需要”。如:

1）Must I pay back the money right now? No, you don’t have to.

我必须现在偿还这笔钱吗？不，你不需要现在还。

2）You must listen to the teacher carefully in class.

你必须在课堂上认真听讲。

must表示“推测”时，其否定形式为can’t，意思为“不可能”。如:

1）I’ve seen what she is talking about, so she can’t be telling lies.

我目睹了她所说的事情，因此，她不可能在说谎。

2）Yesterday I received a letter from him, so he can’t be here.

昨天我收到了他的信，所以说他不可能在这儿。

而must not的意思为“绝对不可，不许，禁止”。如：

1）You must not smoke in the hospital.你绝对不可以在医院里吸烟。

2）You must not cross the road when the traffic lights are red.

交通灯是红色时，你千万不能过马路。

3.He doesn’t mind whether they’re good or not.

他并不介意它们是否是好的。

此句为以whether引导的宾语从句。whether...or not“不论是否……”。如：

1）You have to get up early everyday whether it rains or not.

你必须天天早点起床，不论是否下雨。

2）Whether we go or not matters little.不论我们是否去，关系不大。

if与whether的区别。

二者在引导宾语从句时一般可换用。如：

1)I want to know if / whether it is going to rain tomorrow.  我想知道明天是否下雨。

2) He asked me if / whether Li Ping was at home.他问我李平是否在家。

3) He didn’t understand if / whether the stranger told a lie.

他不明白那个陌生人是否说的是假话。

但下列几种情况不能换用。

whether 后可紧接or not，而if一般不能。

Let me know whether or not you can come.

你能来还是不能来，请告诉我一声。

whether引导的宾语从句可移到主句前，if则不能。如：

Whether this is true or not, I can not say.

这件事是否真实，我说不上。

不定式前用whether，不用if。如：

I haven’t decided whether to go to the cinema or to stay at home.

我还没有决定是看电影还是留在家里。

介词后可用whether，不用if。如：

I haven’t settled the question of whether I’ll go back home.我是否回家还没有定。

Ⅲ. 书面表达。（10分）

       依照下列问句，以My Hobbies为题写一篇60词左右的短文。

       1.What hobbies did you use to have? Why did you like them?

       2.What hobbies do you have now? Why do you like them?

       3.What different hobbies do you have in different seasons?

Ⅲ.参考范文:

My Hobbies

Different people have different hobbies. I used to ride a bike and read story books. They could give us lots of knowledge. I keep cats and dogs. I thought pets were very friendly and lovely, but now I like listening to music and chatting on the Internet, because music can relax me after the daily work and chatting can bring me happiness and friendship.

I have different hobbies in different seasons. In spring I like flying kites. In summer I go swimming. I often climb hills in the fall. I like making snowmen best in winter.

Topic2 What sweet music!
1. What kind of musical instrument can you play? (Page 62)你会弹什么种类的乐器？
kind 是“种类，类型”的意思。如：
a kind of 一种，all kinds of各种各样， what kind of 什么类型的。如:
eg: Dumpling is a kind of Chinese food. 饺子是一种中国食品。
eg: There are all kinds of books in Beijing Library. 北京图书馆有各种各样的图书。
eg: What kind of room would you like, a double room or a single room?
2. They are very popular among young people. (Page 64)它们在年轻人当中很流行。
among 介词“在……当中”,“在……中间”，用于三者或三者以上；而between也是介词“在……当中”,“在……中间”之意，则只能用于两者之间。如：
eg: Tom runs fastest among the boys in his class.
eg: Mary is sitting between the twins.玛丽坐在双胞胎的中间。?
8. Guo Lanying, Song Zuying and Tenger are famous for their folk songs. (Page 64)
be famous for“以……而著名”, “因…而出名”。如：
eg: Gui Lin is famous for the stone forests.桂林以石林而著名。
be famous as … 作为…出名
Eg: YaoMing is famous as a basketball player.
9. In the fall of 1976, a- 14-year-old high school student, Larry Mullen, looked for some musicians.
　look for “寻找”，强调“寻找”的过程，而find“找到”，则是强调“找到”的结果。如：
I looked for it everywhere, but I can’t find it anywhere.?
10. They continue making music. 他们继续创作音乐。
continue + to do sth./ doing sth./ n.“继续做某事”。如：
eg：After having a rest ,he continued to read/writing/ a story 继续阅读/写作/一个故事
?11. And people all over the world still enjoy their music very much.
all over the world 全世界
12. His father asked a music teacher to teach him to play the piano.
ask sb. to do sth.“让某人做某事”。如：
eg: I often ask my uncle to help me with my maths.我常请我叔叔帮我学数学。
还有一些其他类似的用法。如：
tell sb. to do sth.?????告诉某人做某事
want sb. to do sth.想让某人做某事
teach sb. to do sth.教某人做某事
play the piano?“弹奏钢琴”。
在英语中，在表示弹奏、演奏乐器时，所有的乐器前面都要加定冠词the，如：
play the guitar?/piano?/violin/drums
英语中表达玩球类项目时，我们通常在球类项目的名词前不加定冠词。如：
play football踢足球 play basketball打篮球 play bridge cards打桥牌 play?chess下棋
13. He says violin music is his favorite and it makes him happy.
make +sb+adj.结构。如： The news made us very exciting. 这个消息使我们很激动。

Unit 3 Topic3 What were you doing at this time yesterday?

一.重点句型

1.Hold the line, please. =Hold on, please. = Wait a moment. =Just a minute.  稍等。

2. I called you to go to the English Corner but nobody answered the phone.

我打电话叫你去英语角了，但是没有人接。

call sb to do sth打电话叫某人去做某事   call sb back 回电话    answer the phone 接电话

answer的意思是“回答，答复”。如：1) Have you answered his letter? 你回了他的信吗？

2) Answer the door, please, Jack. Someone is knocking at the door.开门去，杰克,有人在敲门。

3. I’m practicing the violin. 我正在练习拉小提琴。  practice doing sth练习做某事

4．Oh, I was taking a shower.我在淋浴。

take a shower淋浴，也可以用动词have代替take。如：

洗澡 take a bath    have a bath    休息一下take a rest     have a rest

看一看take a look     have a look    散散步take a walk    have a walk

5．Yes, I think so.是，我也这样认为。

在think后面可以用so来代替前面的内容，以避免重复。例如：

— Is he at home? 他在家吗？— Yes, I think so. 是的，我想他在家。

I think so.的否定形式一般为I don’t think so.例如：

—Do you think classical music is very popular in China?你认为古典音乐在中国很流行吗？—No, I don’t think so. 不，我认为不很流行。

6. I agree with you.我同意你的意见。否定式：I don’t agree.

agree with sb.同意某人看法 = agree with one’ idea

= agree with what sb says(同意某人说的话)  如：I don’t agree with her. 我不同意她的意见。

agree to do sth. 如：She agrees to go hiking with Jane.她同意和简去徒步旅行。

agree +that从句  如：I agree that the earth is round. 我同意地球是圆的。

7．Wasn’t the scene beautiful? No, I don’t think so.难道场景不漂亮吗？是的，我认为它不漂亮

否定疑问句，回复时，据事实回答。是事实就答yes，不是事实就回答no.但要注意翻译， no有时要翻译成“是”。

8.It’s nothing serious.没什么严重的事。（没事。）

nothing serious “没事”。注意此结构的用法。用来修饰代词something, anything, nothing, somebody, anybody, nobody等的形容词，要放在被修饰词的后面。如句中serious要放在nothing的后面。如：

1) Would you like anything else?你还要点儿什么吗？

2) I’ll tell you something important.我要告诉你一件重要的事。

3) There is nothing wrong with the computer.这台电脑没毛病。

9．Well, Miss Wang was angry with me.王老师生我的气了。

注意be angry 后所跟的介词：be angry with + sb. 生某人的气

be angry at + sb. 对某人的言行气愤    be angry about + sth. 对某事生气 如：

1) He was angry with himself for having made such foolish mistakes.

他因犯如此愚蠢的错误而气恼自己。

2) He was angry at being kept waiting.他因旁人使他久等而生气。

3) He was angry about so much traffic in the street. 他对街上那么多的车辆而气恼。

10. Because I made faces and made my classmates laugh when she was giving us a lesson.

因为我在她上课的时候，做鬼脸逗同学们笑。

  make faces = make a face 做鬼脸   make sb do sth让某人做某事

give sb a lesson 给某人上课

  注意：英语中当两个动作在过去某时间同时发生时，通常动作持续时间较长的句子用过去进行时，时间较短的句子用一般过去时。如:

  When the teacher came in , we were talking loudly. 当老师进来的时候，我们正在大声讲话。

11. In the early 1800s, Sunday was the “holy day”. 在19世纪早期，星期日就指“神圣的一天”。

1800s表示19世纪，同样的，1900s则表示20世纪。

12. they felt too tired to work on Monday mornings.他们感觉太累而不能在星期一工作。

  too------to------- 太--------而不能-----   =  ----not -----enough------不足够---------

=so + adj. + that从句     如此-------以至于--

  如：The girl is too young to go to school. = The girl is not old enough to go to school.

      The girl is so young that she can’t go to school.

13.In the USA, workers called them “blue Mondays”.在美国，工人们把它们叫做“蓝色星期一”。

英语的blue常用来喻指人的“情绪低落”、“心情沮丧”、“忧愁若闷”，如：

1）They felt rather blue after the failure in the football game.球赛踢输了，他们感到有些沮丧。

2）—She looks blue today. What’s the matter with her?—她今天显得闷闷不乐，出了什么事？

14. At one o’clock, everyone stopped working. This was the beginning of the idea of the weekend in England.  在一点钟，每个人都停止了工作。在英国，这是周末这个概念的开端。

  stop to do sth停下（手里的事）去做另一件事   stop doing sth停止做(手里的)事

stop sb from doing sth  阻止某人做某事 如：you must stop your father smoking.

15. the two-day weekend began.两天的周某开始了。   = the two days’ weekend

16.Then decide how you are going to spend your weekend.然后决定你的周末怎么过。

spend度过；花费（时间、金钱）。结构有：spend...on sth., spend...(in)doing sth. 如：

17. Did you have a good time? 你们玩得高兴吗？

have a good time = enjoy oneself过得愉快；玩得高兴。类似的说法还有have a great time, have a nice time, have a wonderful time。

二.语法学习

I was doing some washing. I was doing some cleaning.我正在洗衣服/打扫卫生。（过去进行时）.

1. 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行或发生的动作,也表示过去一段时间内的活动或那个阶段正在进行的动作.常用时间状语：at this/that time, at nine o’clock last night, from seven to nine the day before yesterday, all day yesterday等

 如:He were watching TV at 8:00 last night.      They were writing a book last month.

2.    过去进行时由be (was/were)+动词ing 形式构成的,

肯定句:主语+was/were +doing +…    否定句: 主语+wasn’t/weren’t +doing +…

一般疑问句: Was/Were+主语+doing+…  肯:Yes, 主+was/were.否:No, 主+wasn’t/weren’t.

特殊疑问句：特殊疑问+ 一般疑问句结构

如: They were studying English at this tine yesterday.

      They weren’t studying English at this time yesterday.

      Were they studying English at this time yesterday?    Yes, they were. /  No, they weren’t.

3.过去进行时和一般过去时的区别：

 1）从定义上看，过去进行时强调动作的进行性和延续性，而一般过去时只强调有过这件事。

 2）陈述一系列的动作，用一般过去时。I got up at six. Then I washed my face and had breakfast.

3)过去进行时也可表示在过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作。Jane wanted to see Jack because he was leaving for Shanghai the next day.

Unit 4 Our World
　　Topic1 we share the world with plants and animals
　　一.重点词语
　　1. share…with 与……共享
2. play with 玩弄，玩耍
　3. in danger 在危险之中
　　4. feed on 以……为食
5. think about 考虑，思考
6. enjoy nature 享受自然
　　7. at night 晚上
　　8. in the daytime 白天
　　9. summer vacation 暑假

10. thousands of 成千上万
　　11. in fact 事实上
　　12. find out 查明，发现
　　13. in nature 在自然界
　　二.重点句型
　　1.plants are more beautiful than animals.植物比动物更漂亮。
　　2.The plants stay green longer there.那儿的植物能更长时间保持绿色。
　　3.The rainforests are very important to us.（热带）雨林对我们很重要。
　　4.Water is necessary for all plants.It is the most important thing to all living things,we must save every drop of water.水对所有植物是必需的。它对所有生物都重要，我们必须节约每一滴水。
　　5.Isn’t it interesting？是不是很有趣呀？
　　6.It is one of the most dangerous fish in the world.它是世界上最危险的鱼之一。
　　7.It is so strange！太奇怪了！
　　三.语法学习
　　（一.）形容词的比较级和最高级的构成
　　1. 规则变化：（1.）一般在词尾加—er或—est.如：fresh—fresher—freshest.
　　（2.）以字母e结尾的形容词，加r或st,如：late—later—latest.
　　（3.）以重读闭音节结尾的词，词尾只有一个辅音字母时，应双写这一辅音字母，再加er或est.如：big—bigger—biggest.
　　（4.）以辅音字母＋y结尾的双音节词，先改y为i，再加er 或est.happy—happier—happiest.
　　（5.）部分双音节词和多音节词前面加more或most构成比较级或最高级。如：careful—more careful—most careful,
　　beautiful—more beautiful—most beautiful.
　　2.不规则变化：
　　good/well—better—best,little—less—least,many/much—more—most,bad/ill—worse—worst,far—farther/further—farthest/furthest.
　　（二.）形容词的比较级和最高级的用法
　　1. 比较级Ａ＜Ｂ或Ａ＞Ｂ，经常与than搭配，或给出比较的二个内容。可用much和a little修饰．２. 三者或三者以上比较用最高级，一般给出比较范围．如：of（in）＋…。
　　(1)例句：①I’m happier than you.我比你更快乐。②Plants are much more beautiful than animals.植物比动物漂亮的多。(2)例句：①The boy is the tallest in my class.这个男孩是我们班最高的。②Lesson Two is the most important of all.第二课是所有中最重要的。
　　四.交际用语：学习如何用英语描述和谈论我们生存的自然环境
　　Do you like plants or animals?
　　What are you thinking about?
　　Why do you think so?
　　What kind of wild animal is the most dangerous,the tiger,the snake or the bear?
　　Why must we save every drop of water?　　一. 重点词语
　　1. more than 超过
　　2.pull down 推倒，拆毁
　　3.heavy traffic 交通繁忙
　　4.wear out 磨损，用坏
　　5.used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
　　6.do one’s best 尽（某人）最大努力
　　7.live models 真人模型
　　8.the ancient world 古代
　　9.be made up of 由……组成
　　10.join…together 把……连在一起
　　11.regard…as… 把……看作
　　12.be worn out 被损坏
　　二. 重点句型
　　1.Lots of them were pulled down in the 1960s. 他们当中许多在二十世纪六十年代被拆毁。
　　2.People thought them useless. 人们认为它们没有用。3.It’s really too bad. 这太遗憾了。
　　4.We are doing our best to protect and rebuild the old city walls. 我们正在尽全力保护并重建老城墙。5.It is one of the“seven wonders”of the ancient world still standing. 它是现存的古代“七大奇迹”之一。
　　6.It took 100,000 people over 20 years to build it. 修建它花了10万人二十多年的时间。
　　7.Since then,people regarded the Great Wall as a symbol of the Chinese nation. 从那以后，人们就把长城看作是中华民族的象征。
　8.Every year many people find great pleasure visiting the wall.每年有许多人参观长城，从中得到极大乐趣。
　　三. 语法学习
　反意疑问句：由陈述句（或祈使句、感叹句）加一个简短问句构成的疑问句叫反意疑问
　　句。实质是前面陈述句的反问句。一般对应规律：前肯后否；前否后肯。即陈述部分为肯定形式，附加问句用否定形式；陈述部分为否定形式，附加问句用肯定形式。
　如：There are many pyramids in Egypt,aren’t there?在埃及有许多金字塔，不是吗？Sally visited the Great Wall last month,didn’t she?萨莉上个月参观了长城，不是吗？He doesn’t realize the importance of saving water,does he?他没有意识到节约用水的重要性，是吗？
　　特例点拨：①I’m your good friend,aren’t I?我是你的好朋友，不是吗？I don’t think you can rebuild the house,can you?我认为你不能重修这座房子，是吗？（I don’t think…主要在说think后的内容，故按从句变化）。
　　②陈述部分有nobody,nothing,never,no,few（没几个），little（几乎没有），hardly（几乎不）等否定或半否定词时，仍视为否定句。根据反意疑问句对应规律，疑问部分用肯定形式。如：There is nothing in the room,is there?屋子里什么也没有，是吗？
　　Maria never surports me,does she? 玛丽亚从未支持过我，是吗？
　　He had few apples,did he? 他几乎没有苹果，是吗？
　　③祈使句的反意疑问句：无论肯定或否定，通常在祈使句后加上will you?如：
　　Please close the door,will you?请关门好吗？
　　Don’t tear down the old walls,will you?不要拆毁古墙，好吗？
　　但以Let’s开头的祈使句用shall we?如：
　　let’s make a survey,shall we?我们做个调查，好吗？
　　四. 交际用语：学习用英语描述和谈论中外名胜古迹。
　　How many great wonders of the world do you know?I know some wonders.
　　Do you know these places of interest?

仁爱版英语八年级上册考点（Unit 3—Unit 4)

【教材回归　考点过关】

1. 1) used to do sth. 这一结构表示过去的习惯（过去经常反复发生的动作），只有一种形式，即过去式，用于所有的人称。

used to 的否定形式为：used not to do 或 didn’t use to do疑问句为：Used you to……? 或 Did you use to……?

I used to go to school on foot.

He used to get up late.

They used to walk along the road after supper.

I didn’t use to go to school on foot.

= I used not to go to school on foot.

Did you use to go to school on foot. ?

= Used you go to school on foot?

He used not to get up late.

= He didn’t use to get up late.

Did he use to get up late?

= Used he get up late?

2) be used to doing sth.（习惯于做某事 ）

He is used to working hard.

I am used to getting up early.

They are used to playing football in the afternoon.

3) be used to do sth.（某物被用来做某事）

Wood is used to make paper.

= wood is used for making paper.

Computer can be used to do a lot of work now.

=Computer can be used for doing a lot of work now.

4) be used for doing sth.（某物被用来做某事）

Knives are used for cutting.

=Knives are used to cut.

Watch is used for telling the time.

= Watch is used to tell the time.

2. be famous for“以…… 而著名， 因……而出名”

be famous as “作为……而出名”

China is famous for a long history.

Beijing library is famous for having lots of books.

Chongqing is famous for hot pot.

Zhou Jielun is famous as a singer.

Liu Xiang is famous as a runner.

3. one of + 最高级 + 名词的复数

Liu Xiang is one of the fastest runners in the world.

English is one of the most important subjects this term.

Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world.

Miss Liu is one of the most popular teachers in our school.

4. be angry with sb. 生某人的气

be angry at sb. 对某人的言行气愤

be angry about sth. 对某事生气

I am always angry with my students.

He was angry at keeping waiting.

They were angry about so much traffic in the street.

5. too… to… 太…… 而不能

He is too young to go to school.

=He is so young that he can’t go to school.

=He isn’t old enough to go to school.

My mother is too weak to carry the heavy box.

=My mother is so weak that she can’t carry the heavy box.

=My mother isn’t strong enough to carry the heavy box.

She is so clever that she can work it out easily.

= She is clever enough to work it out easily.

The coat is so cheap that we can buy it.

=The coat is cheap enough to buy.

6. think about意思是“ 思考，考虑”，与“think of”意思相近。

   think of 有“想起，想到，认为”的意思。

People without a job try not to think of/ think about the future.

What are you thinking about?

   She often thinks of her friend Zhao Ke.

   What do you think of the film?

= How do you like the film?

   think over意思是“仔细考虑”。

   Please think it over, then answer me.

7. be sure + that引导从句，其中that 可以省掉。

I’m sure（that）he will come.

We are sure（that）we will win the football match.

be not sure + whether/ if 引导从句，意思是“不确信是否……, 不敢肯定……”

I’m sure whether/ if he will come.

I’m not sure whether/ if robots will make humans lose their job.

8. instead 代替，放在句末。

instead of 代替，放在句中。

take the place of 代替，放在句中

Robots can also do lots of dangerous work instead (of humans).

If you can’t go there, he will go instead (of you).

If there is no coal, oil can be used instead (of coal).

TV sets can never take the place of cinemas.

Now gas takes the place of coal in cooking.

10. seem “像是，似乎”， 后面可以跟形容词，动词不定式以及完整的句子。可以相互转换。

seem + 形容词

seem + 不定式

seem + 句子

You seem so tired.

=You seem to be tired.

It seems that you are so tired.

Nobody seems to see a UFO.

=It seems that nobody sees a UFO.

11. teach oneself,“ 自学，自修”， teach sb. sth.,  teach sb to do sth., teach sb. how to do sth,  enjoy oneself,“过得愉快， 玩得快乐”， help oneself “随便吃”

I taught myself English.

I taught my daughter English when she was 3 years old.

They teach us how to plant trees.

Did you enjoy yourselves at the party?

Help yourself to some fish. 

12. They made the traffic heavier. 它们使得交通更拥挤。

heavy的本意是“重的”， 当它与traffic一起出现时，意思是“拥挤”。与不同词汇搭配意义不同。

   heavy rain 大雨

   heavy fighting 激烈的战斗

heavy seas 波涛汹涌的海面

a heavy coat 厚外套

   a heavy fog 浓雾，重雾

   a heavy heart 沉重的心情

a heavy sound 响亮的声音

   heavy news  令人忧虑的消息

   heavy going  艰难的行走

heavy reading 费力的阅读

heavy breathing 粗重的呼吸

13. be made up of  由…… 组成

   be made of 用……造成（看得出原材料）

   be made from 用…… 造成（看不出原材料）

   be made into 被制成……

   The building is made up of two million stones.

   The desk is made of wood.

=The wood is made into desk.

   Paper is made from wood.

   Wine is made from rice.