BY

一、用作介词

1． 表示方式、方法或手段，意为“使用某物；靠；乘（车、船）”等。例如：

—How do you learn English? 你是怎样学英语的？

—I learn by studying with a group. 我是通过和小组一起来学习的。

I go to work by train every day. 我每天乘火车去上班。

Turn on the computer by pressing this button. 按这个按钮就可启动计算机。

2． 表示移动方向，从某人或某地的一边到另一边，意为“沿，经，从……旁边过”。例如： He walked by me without speaking. 他从我旁边经过，没有说话。

I walk by his home every day. 我每天都从他家门口经过。

3． 表示时间，意为“不迟于；在……以前；到……为止”。例如：

I want to get there by eleven o'clock. 我想在十一点前赶到那里。

You'd better finish the work by six. 你最好在六点钟之前完成这项工作。

4. 用于被动语态中，表示动作的主体，意为“由；被”。例如：

This book is written by Lu Xun. 这本书是鲁迅写的。

The thief was caught by a policeman. 那个小偷被警察抓住了。

5． 表示位置，意为“靠近，在……旁边（附近）”。例如：

Who is the old man by the lake? 湖边的那位老人是谁？

The telephone is by the door. 电话机在门旁边。

6． 表示度量、准则和标准。例如：

We buy material by the meter. 我们买材料用米来计算。

He does everything by rule. 他总是按规定办事。

7． 表示被抓着、被接触的身体的某一部分，意为“抓；拉”。例如：

She took me by the hand. 她拉住我的手。

8． 表示根据，意为“按照”。例如：

What time is it by your watch? 你的手表几点了?

9. 表示“逐个；逐批”的意思。例如：

One by one they went past the table in the dark. 他们一个一个地在黑暗中走过这张桌子。

二、用作副词

1． 意为“经过”，相当于past。例如：

She drove by without stopping. 她开车经过时没有停车。

Please let me get by. 请让我过去吧。

2. 意为“在附近”。例如：

There was no one by at that time. 那时没有人在附近。

三、用于某些固定搭配中。例如：

by the way 顺便说一句

by oneself 独立地

one by one 一个一个地

learn by heart 记住，背下来

day by day 日复一日

by and by逐渐

 

第二篇：介词by的用法讲与练

介词by的用法讲与练

初中英语课本中，多次出现了介词by，用法归纳起来大致有如下几种：

1．表示位置：“在??旁边，靠近??”，表示此意时，常可与beside换用。如：

Some are drawing by（beside）the lake．

2．表示时间：“到??为止，不迟于”，常与过去完成时连用，当by引导的是未来的时间状语时，可用一般将来时。如：

How many English songs had you learned by the end of last term? Your son will be all right by supper time．

3．表示旅行、运输等的路线、工具或方法：“由??，经??，乘??通过??”。如：

Every day he went there by train．

The monkey was hanging from the tree by his tail and laughing．

4．与反身代词oneself连用，表示独自、单独或没有人帮助（全凭本人）。如：

I can’t leave her by herself．

5．用于被动结构中，意为“由、被”。如：

The pupils were given some advice by the pianist．

6．用于某些固定短语中。如：

by the way顺便，顺便问一下

by and by不久以后

little by little逐渐地

by hand用手

【练习】根据提示，用含有by的短语完成下列各题：

1．Come and sit _____（我旁边）．

2．_____（到上星期日）I had finished the book．

3．She came home _____（乘飞机）．

4．Did you make the desk _____（自己独自）?

5．_____（顺便问一下）, how many people are there in your family?

6．It has been turned into water_____（受热）．

7．_____（不久以后）, more and more people began to study English．．

8．The Great Wall was built_____（用手）．

9．Then _____（逐渐地）, the smoke grew heavier and thicker until finally it turned into a terrible Genie．

10．If your son feels well enough to watch TV_____（到那时）, he’ll be fine after the game．

【答案】1．by me 2．By last Sunday 3．by plane 4．by yourself 5．By the way 6．by the heat 7．By and by 8．by hand 9．little by little 10．by then