介词by的用法

介词by的用法

本单元by + v.-ing结构是一个重点,该结构意思是“通过……,以……的方式”,后面常接v.-ing形式,表示“通过某种方式得到某种结果”,即表示行为的方式或手段。

I practice speaking English by joining an English-language club.

我通过加入一个英语语言俱乐部来练习讲英语。

Mr Li makes a living by driving taxis.李先生靠开出租车为生。

介词by + v.-ing 结构常用来回答How do you...?或How can I...?之类的问题。

—How do you learn English? 你怎样学习英语呢?

—I learn English by reading aloud. 我通过大声朗读来学英语。

—How can I turn on the computer? 我怎样才能打开电脑呢?

—By pressing this button. 按这个按钮。

[相关链接]

by 是个常用介词,其他用法还有:

①表示位置,意思是“在……旁边”,“靠近……”,有时可与beside互换。

The girls are playing by (beside) the lake. 女孩们正在湖边玩。

此时要注意它与介词near有所不同,即by 表示的距离更“近”。 比较:

He lives by the sea. 他住在海滨。 He lives near the sea. 他住在离海不远处。

②表示交通方式,意为“乘坐”,后接表示交通工具的名词(如 bus, bike, train, plane, car, taxi, ship等)或与交通工具密切相关的名词(如air, water, land, road等),在句中主要用作方式状语,其中通常不用冠词或其他限定词。

Jim often goes to work by bike. 吉姆常骑自行车上班。

但是,若表示交通工具的名词前插有定语修饰语,则也可以用冠词。如:

We’re going by the 9:30 train. 我们坐9:30的火车去。

We went to Shanghai by a large ship. 我们乘一艘大船去上海。

注意,汉语说“步行”,英语习惯上用on foot, 而不用 by foot。

注意以下表示方式的有用表达,其中不用冠词或其他限定词:

by phone 用电话 by telegram 用电报 by letter 用信件 by express 用快件 by air mail 用航空邮件 by ordinary mail 用平信 by post 用邮寄 by radio 用无线电 by hand 用手工 by machine 用机器

③表示时间,意思是“在……以前;不迟于……”。

e.g. My mother will come back by 6:00. 我妈妈将在六点前回来。

④ 表示动词执行者,意思是“被;由”,主要用于被动语态,此时要注意它与介词with的区别:by 表示动作的主体,with 表示动作者的手段工具。如:

The house was destroyed by fire. 此屋被大火烧毁。(fire是动作的主体,此句的主动形式为Fire destroyed the house.)

The house was destroyed with fire. 此屋是(被人)用火烧毁的。(fire只是工具,动作的主体另有其人,此句可认为省略了一个by短语,如by someone之类的,其主动形式可以是 Someone destroyed the house with fire.)

【延伸拓展】

介词with,in,through与by相同,也可以表示“通过(用)”,但有所区别。

①“with + 名词” ①表示用……工具(具体有形的工具)②(表材料或内容)以……,用……来填充 We see with our eyes and hear with our ears. 我们用眼睛看用耳朵听。

②“in + 名词”表示“用……方式,用……原料或用……语言(语调、笔墨、颜色)等;”。

Listen!They’re talking in English. 听!他们正在用英语交谈。

③“through + n.”表示“通过某种方式、由于某种理由、穿过”,多强调作用或原因。

You can achieve success only through your hard work. 你只有通过努力工作才能获得成功。

[趁热打铁]

用by, with, in填空

1.He gets to school ______ bike.

2.He is painting ______ a Chinese brush.(毛笔)

3.I don't know how to say "Jiaozi" ______ Japanese.

4.Maybe you can solve the problem ______ this way.

5.I study Enlish _____ practicing speaking it every day.

6.I usually write ______ a pen.

7.We can look and see ____ our eyes.

8.How did you send the letter, _______ airmail or _____ ordinary mail?

9.He caught(接住) the ball ______ his left hand. 他用左手接球。

10.She wrote the letter ______ a pencil. 她用铅笔写那封信。

11.He came here _______ his car.

12.He came here ______ car.

13.Fill the glass ______ wine. 把杯子装满酒。

14.The window was broken ______ that naughty boy.窗户被那个淘气的男孩打破了。

15. The old man sat there _____ a basket beside her. 老人坐在那儿,身边放着一个篮子。

16.He fell asleep______the lamp burning. 他没熄灯就睡着了。

17. He sat there ______ his eyes closed. 他闭目坐在那儿。

18.You must return _______ 10:00 pm.

19.She has a house _______ a beautiful garden.

20.Tom often goes to see Beijing Opera ______ his father on weekends.

答案

1—5 by, with, in, in, by 6. with, 7.with 8. by, by 9.with, 10. with

11-15.in, by, with, by, with 16.-20. with, with, by, with, with

 

第二篇:介词by的用法

介词by的用法

1.表示“在...旁边”

sit by the window 坐在窗户旁边

stand by me 站在我旁边

walk by the river 在河边走

2.表示“从...旁经过”,常跟go/walk/pass连用

Go by/walk by/pass by 走路经过

3.表示使用交通工具

by bus/plane/bike/train/ship

by air/land/water 乘飞机 / 由陆路 / 由水路

4.表示被动语态:被,由

be saved by sb 被某人救了

be caught by .. 被...抓住了

be built by... 被...建造的

5.表示方法,手段:用,通过

by doing sth 通过做某事

learn English by listening to tapes 通过听磁带来学英语

by heart 用心

by check/credit card 用支票、信用卡

6.表示时间:不迟于,在...之前

by + 具体时刻

by +年份

by the time of + 表示时间的短语(如last year,next month,next year等) by the time + 句子

I will be back by 6 o’clock.

By 20xx, I had learnt 20xx English words.

By the time of last year,I had lived in WZ for 5 years.

By the time I was 5,I had learnt to ride a bike.

7.表示增减的程度

increase by 10% 增加10%

decrease by 20% 减少20%

8.by+表示时间、长度、重量的总称名词,表示“按...计算”“按...买卖” by time 按时间 by size 按大小

by weight 按重量 by volume 按体积

by length 按长度 by height 按高度

by area 按面积 by depth 按深度

9.by+the+具体的,可数的时间、长度、重量的名词,表示“按....计算”“按...买卖”

by the hour 按小时 by the day 按天

by the month 按月by the dozen 按打

by the year 按年by the ton 按吨

10.by+身体部位或衣服,表示抓住身体或衣服的某一部分,常与动词catch/hold/grab/seize/take等连用

Catch sb by the hand/arm/hair 抓住某人的手/胳膊/头发

Grab sb by the collar/sleeve 抓住某人的衣领/袖子

11.用于“名词+by+名词”结构

one by one 一个接一个

step by step 一步步地

day by day 一天一天地

week by week 一个星期接一个星期的

shoulder by shoulder 肩并肩的

12.其他带有by的短语或句型

What do you mean by....? 你说...是什么意思?

What’s the time by your watch? 你的表几点了?

by the way 顺便一说,顺便一问

by oneself 独自一人

by chance/by accident 偶然地 无意的

by design 故意的

by nature 天生的

By way of 经由,途径

The batch of goods will be delivered by way of Hong Kong.这批货物将经由香港发货。

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