英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。初中阶段的被动语态有五种时态，我们可以从以下方面进行小结：

一、被动语态的时态及结构（以动词do为例）

结构：主语 + be + 过去分词

时态：1. 一般现在时： am (is, are) done.

2.带情态动词的被动语态：must (can, may, should, need, would) be done

3. 一般过去时： was (were) done

* 4. 一般将来时： will (shall) be done

* 5. 现在进行时： am (is, are) being done

6. 现在完成时： have (has) been done\

二、从初中阶段所学五种基本句型谈变被动语态时应注意的问题。

1．主语 + 连系动词 + 表语 (S+V+P)

此结构不可用被动语态。

(正) The flowers smell sweet.

(误) The flowers are smelt sweet.

2．主语 + 不及物动词 (S+V)

此结构不可变被动语态。

(正) An accident happened last night.

(误) An accident was happened last night.

3．主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 (S + V+ O)

（1）将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语

Children often sing this song

This song is often sung by children.

（2）将含有介词或副词的动词短语变为被动结构时，不可将介词或副词去掉。 We should listen to the teachers carefully.

The teachers should be listened to carefully.

4．主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 (S + V+ IO+ DO)

（1）.将表人的间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语不变。

He showed us a picture .

We were shown a picture.

（2）.将指物的直接宾语变为主语，要在间接宾语前加介词to或for.

常用加to的动词give, show, pass, read等

常用加for的动词 buy, get, make, sing, draw 等

A picture was shown to us.

A dictionary was bought for me by my parents.

5． 主语+及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 (S+ V+ O + C)

如动词为 make, see, hear, watch 等，后接宾语补足语为不带“to”不定式时，变被动语态时要加上“to” 。

I saw him fall off the tree.

He was seen to fall off the tree.

6. "be + 过去分词" 并非都是被动语态，系动词 be, feel, seem,look,等词后面的过去分词已转化为形容词，作表语用，表示某种状态。

I'm interested in mathematics. 我对数学感兴趣。

*7. 某些动词用主动语态来表示被动含义。The woman's clothes sell well. 女装卖的快。

This book sells best.这本书很畅销.

被动语态专项练习1

一、选择题

( )1._____ a new library _____ in our school last year?

A.Is; built B.Was; bulit C.Does; build D.Did; build

( )2.An accident ____ on this road last week.

A.has been happened B.was happened C.is happened D.happened

( )3.Cotton ____ in the southeast of China.

A.is grown B.are grown C.grows D.grow

( )4.So far,the moon ____ by man already.

A.is visited B.will be visited C.has been visited D.was visited

( )5.A talk on Chinese history _____ in th school hall next week.

A.is given B.has been given C.will be given D.gives

( )6.How many trees ____ this year?

A.are planted B.will plant C.have been planted D.planted

( )7.A lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now.

A.are doing B.are being done C.has been done D.will be done

( )8.Neither of them ______ in China.

A.is made B.are made C.were made D.made

( )9.Look! A nice picture ____ for our teacher.

A.is drawing B.is being drawn C.has been drawn D.draws

( )10.Your shoes ____. You need a new pair.

A.wear out B.worn out C.are worn out D.is worn

( )11.The doctor _____ for yet.

A.isn't sent B.hasn't been sent C.won't be sent D.wasn't sent

( )12.--When ___ this kind of computers______? --Last year.

A.did; use B.was; used C.is; used D.are; used

( )13.The Great Wall ____ all over the world.

A.knows B.knew C.is known D.was known

( )14.I ____ in summer.

A.born B.was born C.have been born D.am born

( )15.He says that Mr Zhang _____ to the factory next week.

A.is sent B.would send C.was sent D.will be sent

( )16.Who _____ this book _____?

A.did; written B.was; written by C.did; written D.was;written

( )17.Mary ____ show me her new dictionary.

A.has asked to B.was asked to C.is asked D.asks to

( )18.A story _____ by Granny yesterday.

A.was told us B.was told to us C.is told us D.told us

( )19.The monkey was seen _____ off the tree.

A.jump B.jumps C.jumped D.to jump

( )20.The school bag ___ behind the chair.

A.puts B.can be put C.can be putted D.can put

( )21.Older people ____ well.

A.looks after B.must be looked after C.must look after D.looked after

( )22.Our teacher ______ carefully.

A.should be listened to B.should be listen C.be listened D.is listened

二、把下列句子改写成被动语态

1.They make machines in that factory. __________________________________

2.Every body likes this song. __________________________________

3.He doesn't show the stamps to me. __________________________________

4.People don't grow rice in the west of Japan._____________________________

5.He often helps Tom when Tom is in trouble._______________________________

6.Do the workers build many buildings? __________________________________

7.Does Kate sometimes break glasses? __________________________________

8.Do you always send a letter to Mr Hu? __________________________________

9.What does the teacher often tell the boys to do?_________________________

10.How many desks do they buy every term?__________________________________

11.They sold that kind of shoes in this shop last week.____________________

12.Granny told us a story last night. __________________________________

13.He didn't give the dictionary to me yesterday.__________________________

14.He didn't buy anything there before he left.____________________________

15.Did he clean the blackboard just now?__________________________________

16.When did she cook supper yesterday? __________________________________

17.Where did she make them? __________________________________

18.Whose ruler did you borrow? __________________________________

19.We must tie the young tree to the stick.________________________________

20.They can't mend the bike in that shop.__________________________________

21.You should take good care of her baby.__________________________________

22.You may take it back home. __________________________________

23.May I look after the baby at home? __________________________________

24.Must we hand in our exercise-books now?_________________________________

25.Can you mend this radio here? __________________________________ 被 动 语 态 练 习 2

一、 将下列句子变为被动语态，每空一词。

1. We can finish the work in two days.

The work _____ _____ _____ in two days.

2. They produce silk in Suzhou.

Silk ____ ______ in Suzhou.

3. The children will sing an English song.

An English song ____ ____ ___ by the children.

4. You needn't do it now.

It ____ _____ _____ by you now.

5. Lucy sent me a New Year Card last week.

A New Year Card ____ ____ ____ her by me last week.

6. Peole use metal for making machines.

Metal ____ ____ for making machines.

7. He made me do that for him.

I ____ ____ ____ that for him.

8.I have given this book to the library.

This book ___ ____ ____ to the library.

9.Did they build a bridge here a year ago? ____ a bridge ____ here by them a year ago?

10.We'll put on an English play in our school. An English play ____ ____ _____ on in our school.

11.More and more farmers buy colour TV sets.

Colour TV sets ___ ___ ___ more and more farmers.

12.My brother often mends his watch.

His watch ____ ____ ____ by my brother.

13.We must water the flowers every day. The flowers must ___ ___ (by us) every day.

14.They use knives for cutting things.

Knives ___ ___ for cutting things.

15.He made the farmers work for a long time. The farmers ____ ____ ____ ____ for a long time.

16.Did he break the window yesterday?

____ the window ___ ____ ___ yesterday?

17.They have sold out the light green dresses. The light green dresses ____ _____ ____ out.

18.We clean the classroom every day.

The classroom ____ ____ every day.

19. You must not plant trees in very dry earth. Trees ___ ____ _____ _____ in very dry earth.

20.You can dig a hole in the earth.

A Hole ____ ____ _____ in the earth.

二、 用动词的正确语态填空。

1. The students _____ often _____(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.

2. That play ________(put) on again sometime next month.

3. The old man is ill. He ______ (must send) to the hospital.

4. Vegetables,eggs and fruits_________ (sell) in this shop.

5. What _______ a knife ______ (make) of?

It _______________(make) of metal and wood.

6. A Piano concert _____________(give) here last Friday.

7. ______ the magazine ____(can take) out of the library?

8. The room _____________ (clean) by me every day.

9. The stars _____________ (can see) in the daytime.

10. Some flowers __________(water) by Li Ming already.

11. These kinds of machines __________(make) in Japan.

12. Apples _________ ________(grow) in this farm.

13. Russian _______ ______ (learn)as the second language by some students in China.

14. Planes,cars and trains _____ _____ (use) by business people for travelling.

15. The cinema ______ _____ (bulid) in 1985.

16. The bike ___ ____ ____ ___ (must not put) here.

17. A beautiful horse ____ ____ ___ (draw) by John next day.

18. This kind of machine ______ _____(can made) by uncle Wang.

19. Mr. Green ___ ___ (open) two new school.

20. The PLA ______ ______ (found) on August 1st,1927.

21. By the time he was ten, the boy ________(learn)English and French.

22. How long _____ your uncle ____(be) in the city?

23. ______ you ____(see) the film yet?

Yes, I _______(see) it last week.

24. Uncle Wang ____________(live) here since 1980

25. Listen! Someone _________(sing).

26. Tom ________(not have) breakfast yesterday morning.

被动语态的口诀

一般现、过用be done，be有人称、时、数变。

完成时态have done，被动将been加中间。

一般将来shall (will) do，被动变do为be done。 将来进行无被动，shall (will) be doing,

现在完成进行同，have (has) been doing。

现、过进行be doing, 被动be加being done。

情、助、有、是妥安排，一律随新主语变。

否定助后加not，疑问一助置主前。

主语恰是疑问词，直陈语序主在前。

一般情助加be done，双宾多将间宾变。

复合宾语宾变主，宾补、主补相应变。

第二句"be有人称、时、数变"即be有人称、时态和单、复数的变化。"情助"是指情态动词和助动词must，may，can，shall，will等一律随新主语(多是主动句中的宾语)来变化。"疑问一助置主前"是说有两个助动词的话，应把主语放在第一助动词之后或把第一助动词置于主语之前。下面详细举例说明之。

被动语态

英语中的被动语态使用得比汉语要多，要普遍，许多课本乃至实际应用中都常常涉及到这个问题。一般说来，当强调动作承受者，不必说出执行者或含糊不清的执行者时，多用被动式。须注意的是，许多地方与汉语不同。注意那些汉语中没有"被……"的意思，英语却用被动态。还要注意，英语的被动态往往由"by"引出，而有用介词"by"的短语往往又不是被动态，而是系表结构。还有些待殊现象，如…known to man(人类......所知)，on foot步行(美国人有时用by foot)，in carraige(乘四轮马车)等等。还有假主动，真被动的十几个常用词的用法，以及so heavy to carry而不用so heavy to be carried等习惯用法。有关这类情况，做到心中有数对全面掌握被动态，准确无误地解答习题非常关键，被动态必须涉及的是动词的各种时态变化的问题。英语的时态本来很复杂，怎样记住各自的被动形式呢? 首先要明确"将来进行无被动，现在完成进行

同"。这两种时态无被动形式。

另外，不及物动词带有同源宾语的动词，反身代词的动词和系动词都无被动形式。即便如此，还有不定式，动名词，分词，以及它们的复合结构)的被动态，再加上情态动词，助动词以及它们的疑问式和否定式从中掺杂，真是令人头痛，眼花缭乱。下面口诀就以动词do为例，即do did过去式done过去分词，以口诀形式总结各种时态的被动态，一定对你有所启示。

被动语态（一般现在时）

主动语态变被动语态时，主动语态句中的宾语变成被动语态句中的主语，主动语态句中的主语成为被动语态句中的动作的发出者。

一般现、过用be done, be有人称、时、数变

例：１、主动：The children gave the foreign guests a warm welcome.

被动：The foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the children.

孩子们热烈地欢迎外宾。

２、主动：People regard him as brilliant.

被动：He is regarded as brilliant by people.

人们认为他很有才华。

以上两例都是一般时态用be done的例子，be有人称、时、数变，第三人称foreign friends是复数，时态一般过去时，所以"be done"就是were given，而People regard him as brilliant一句，被动后的"be done"就变成单数第三人称is regarded的形式了。

被动：

This speech was delivered by comrade Wang. (was delivered即一般过去时的被动态)

这篇讲演是王的发言。

There was a serious train accident near the border. Two people were killed and twelve were injured. 边境发生严重列车事故，二人死亡，十二人受伤。

A person who is truly honest is called a straight arrow. 直言不讳的人才是真正诚实的人。

A note was passed up to the speaker. 有人给讲演者递上来一张纸条。

John was elected president of the class instead of Harry. 乔治被选为班长而代替了亨利。

Volcanoes are described as active, dormant or extinct. 火山被描述为活的，沉睡着的，或者死的。 The soldier was killed, but the train was saved. 这位战士牺牲了，然而列车得救了。

He was thought to be clever but dishonest. 他被认为很聪明但不诚实。

The first zoological garden in the United States was established in 1874. 美国的第一个动物园是1874年建立的。

Families were often broken up; wives were taken away from their husbands and children from their parents. 家庭被拆散，妻儿被夺走。

The information is urgently needed. 急需这个资料。

Most environmental problems exist because adequate measures for preventing them were not taken in the past. 多数环境污染问题的存在，是因为过去没有采取适当的保护措施。

完成时态have done，被动将been加中间。

(过去完成时had done也包括在内)。

例：１、主动：We have studied English for 3 years off and on at the spare-time school.

被动：English has been studied for 3 years off and on at the spare-time school. (have随新主语变为has)

我们已经在夜校里断断续续地学了三年英语了。

２、主动: They had produced 100 tractors by the end of last year.

被动: 100 tractors had been produced by the end of last year.

到去年年底我们已生产出一百台拖拉机。

３、主动：They have set up a power station in their home town.

被动：A power station has been set up in their home town.

他们的家乡建立了一座发电站。

４、主动：They have warned us to be careful of rats.

被动：We have been warned to be careful of rats.

他们已提醒我们要注意老鼠。

５、主动：People have piled plastic bags full of rubbish in streets.

被动: Plastic bags full of rubbish have been piled in streets.

人们把装满垃圾的塑料袋子堆放在街上。

６、主动：We have used nuclear energy to produce electricity.

被动：Nuclear energy has been used to produce electricity.

核能已用来发电。

７、主动：No one has ever beaten him at tennis.

被动：He has never been beaten at tennis.

就网球来说还没有人是他的对手。

(No one涉及到全否定和部分否定问题，见否定一讲)

The person who owns the gun may try to deny that he has used it. But anyone seeing the smoke knows the gun has just been fired.

有枪的人会极力否认他开了枪。但是任何看到枪烟(枪冒的烟)的人都会知道刚才开了枪。

Today is Cilia's wedding [font id=Mark style="COLOR: blue; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ccffff"]day[/font], she has just been married to Danel. 今天是西丽亚的新婚日，她刚刚和丹尼尔结婚。

The subjects of these lectures have been announced by the lecture committee. 演讲委员会已宣布了这些讲演的题目。

过去完成时也是一样：

主动: Somebody had cleaned my shoes.

被动: My shoes had been cleaned by somebody.

有人早已把我的鞋子擦了。

When I returned I found that they had towed (toud) my car away, I asked why they had done this and they told me that id was because I had parked it under a "No Parking Sign".

被动：my car had been towed away. I asked why this had been done and told that ... it had been parked under a "No Parking Sign".

当我回来时，发现我的车被弄走了。我问他们为啥这么于。他们告诉我说因为我把车于停在"禁止停车"的禁区。

主动：They had build three ships by last December.

被动： By last December three ships had been built by them.

到去年年底他们已建造了三艘船。

Research had been centred on the improvement of natural building materials before synthetics were created. 合成材料造出之前，研究工作集中在改进天然建筑材料上。

He did not say if all those steel pipes had been examined. 他并没有说那些钢管都检验过没有。

After plastic had been created, engineers were given a much wide choice of materials. 塑料发明之后，工程师们在材料选择上有了更广阔的途径。

一般将来shall (will) do，被动变do为be done

即由shall do或will do变为shall done或will be done。

例：主动: We shall build several big modern power plants in our city next year.

被动：Several big modern power plants will be built in our city next year.

过年我市将建立几座大型现代化的发电厂。

(shall do中的shall要随新主语变为will, do为be done.)

王动：I shall send my second boy to school next September.

被动：My second boy will be sent to school next September.

过年九月我将送我次子去读书。

主动：In order to fool people cheaps and swindlers will make such bricks out of lead covering the "lead brick" with gold.

被动：Such bricks will be made out of lead covering the "lead brick" with gold by cheaps and swindlers. 设法骗钱的商人和骗子们将通过把"铅砖"外面镀上一层金来做这样的"金砖"。

主动：They will ask you a lot of strange questions.

被动: You will be asked a lot of strange questions.

他们将问你许多怪题。

被动句中的by引出的宾语，一般说来，如果是人称代词你、我、他等，均可省略，someone no one不由by来引出。如果是名词不能省略，但当今英语也都可省略了。

主动：The Chinese people will make more space explorations in the future.

被动：More space explorations will be made in the future by the Chinese people.

中国人民在将来将进行更多的空间探索。

同样

After a period of use, the batteries should be changed. 电池使用一段时间后，应该更换。

Usually, the electricity is on for 24 hours. But tomorrow it will be cut off in the [font id=Mark style="COLOR: blue; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ccffff"]day[/font] time. 通常是昼夜供电，明天白天将停电。

More peaceful uses will be found for nuclear explosives in the future. 在将来会发现更多的和平利用核爆炸的途径。

More hard work will be needed to make this wonder come true in a short time from now. 从现在起要使这些奇迹在短时间内成为现实还需要做更多的艰苦工作。

make...come true 使……成为事实; come true做宾补(见感使动词口诀)。

The machine will not be used again. 这机器不能再用了。

Will more gas be needed? 需要更多的煤气吗?

但如果是一般过去将来时如何处理呢？请记下面口诀：

一般过去将来时，过去某时将发生。

主动should (would) do，被动be done代原形。

将来进行无被动，现在完成进行同。

主动：A few days ago we were still not quite sure whether we should carry out the new plan ahead of time. 被动：...whether the new plan would be carried out ahead of time.

几天前，我们还不能肯定能否提前执行新的计划。

主动：I did not say that we would change the equipment.

被动：I did not say that the equipment would be changed.

我并没说过，我们将换掉那台设备。

主动：My supervisor told me that he would give me a special tutorial a few days ago.

被动：My supervisor told me that a special tutorial would be given to me a few days ago.

几天前，我的导师说他将对我进行个别辅导。

主动: I never thought that be would bring me the information so early.

被动：I never thought that the information would be brought to me so early.

我决没想到他那么早就会把资料带给我。

将来进行无被动，shall (will) be doing,

现在完成进行同．have (has) been doing,

即将来进行时表示动作在将来某一时刻或某个阶段正在进行'现在完成进行时表示某-行为发生在过去．延续到现在，可能还要延续下去。两种时态则不用被动语态。

例；We hope your comany will soon be sending an engineer over to check this equipment. (将来进行时) 我们希望贵公司早些派一名工程师来检查这台设备。

In a ffew minutes our passenger plane will be flying in the stratosphere. (将来进行时) 几分钟后我们的客机将在同温层中飞行。

We hope scientists will be tapping new energy sources to meet the need for power. 我们希望科学家们将发掘新的能源来满足能量的需要。(将来进行时)

What will you be doing this evening? 今晚你将做什么?（将来进行时)

I have been living in Anshan Since 1980．(现在完成进行时) 19xx年以来，我一直住在鞍山。 How long have you been studying English? 你学英语多久了?(现在完成进行时)

We have been waiting at the airport for the because of the thick fog. 由于大雾，我们已经在机场等了一整天了。 (现在完成进行时)

Since then, applied mathematicians have been coping successfully with many problems in astronony. 从那时以来，应用数学家成功地处理了许多天文学上的问题。

(现在完成进行时)以上均无被动态。

现、过进行be doing，被动be加being done

即现在进行时或过去进行时都是be的人称、时和数的形式加doing。而被动态则是be加上being done的形式，being是不变的。现在进行时和过去进行时的被动态是被动态个的重点，容易搞错。例如： 主动：The workers are repairing the main building of the Northeast Engineering Institute.

被动：The main building of the Northeast Engineering Institute is being repaired by the workers. 工人们正在维修东北工学院主楼。

Two reservoirs are being built at the same time. 两座水库同时建造。

The nasty question is being considered by the committee members. 委员会的委员们正在考虑那个棘手的问题.

Equipment and foodstuffs are being flown to the floodstricken areas. 设备和食品正在空运到灾区。 The buildong of another fly-over is being planned. 他们在计划修建另一座跨线桥。

We coudld not get through because the February 19th Road was being repaired. 我们过不去，因二.一九路正维修呢。

情、助、有、是妥安排，一律随新主语变。

带情态动词和助动词等的被动态如何处理比较复杂。要随新的主语来变化，这些词如can, could；will, would; shall, should; may, might; must; ought to; need需要；have to不得不；be going to; to be to; used to; seem to; happen to等。例如：

下回书接续！

接上回书！

主动: We must keep this in mind.

被动：This must be kept in mind.

我们必须把这个记在心里。

主动：We can put the refrigerator in that place. (refrigerator=freezer.)

被动：The refrigerator can be put in that place.

我们可以把电冰箱放在那个地方。

主动：We shall not use the washing machine again.

被动：The washing machine will not be used again.

我们不能再用那台洗衣机了。 原来的谓语shall use被动态中随新主语变为will．

主动: We shall take more measures to prevent corrosion.

被动: More measures will be taken to prevent corrosion. (shall变will)

我们将采取更多的措施来防止腐蚀。

I ought to be criticized for it. 我应该为此受到批评.

All this has to be solved with great care. 这一切得认真解决。

The lobby is going to be rebuilt. 门厅将重建。

The exhibition is to be opened tomorrow. 展览会将明日开放。

再如：

主动：We shall have to adopt a different attitude.

被动：A different attitude will have to be adopted.

我们将不得不采取另一种态度.

主动：You are to leave the bag here.

被动: The bag is to be left here. (are to随新主语变为is to)

你应把包裹放在这儿。

主动：They used to start these engines by hand.

被动：These engines used to be started by hand.

过去他们用手启动马达。

主动: We are going to paint the wall green.

被动：The all is going to be painted green.

我们打算把墙刷成绿色。

主动：You needn't type this letter.

被动：This letter need not be typed. (ought to, need是不变助动词)

你不必把这封信打字。

主动：John seems to like Mary very much.

被动：Mary seems to be liked very much by John.

看来约翰非常喜欢玛丽。

主动：The boy happened to meet her in the street.

被动：She happened to be met in the street by the boy.

这个男孩碰巧在街上遇到了她。

主动：It must have disappointed him terribly that people told him they didn't want him.

被动：He must have been terribly disappointed to be told he was't wanted.

人们告诉他，他们不需要他，这一定已经使得他特别失望.

主动：You should bear in mind that he wasn't present.

被动: That he wasn't present should be borne in mind.

或It should be borne in mind that he wasn't present.

你应记住他未出席。

主动：You should have taken those books back to the library.

被动：Those books should have been taken back to the library.

你本该把这些书带回图书馆去。

主动：They may have left it in the sun.

被动：It may have been left in the sun.

他们可能已把它放在阳光下了。

may加不定式的完成体或完成进行体表示"可能"，主要用于肯定句，决不能用在疑问句中。而can与不定式的完成体或完成进行体连用表示"可能"，只用于否定句和疑问句，不用于肯定句。但如果can或may的过去式即could与might与不定式完成体或完成进行体搭配时，可用于各种结构。肯，否，陈，疑均可。 It can't have been lost in the post, can it?

它不可能在邮局丢失的吧：(反意疑问句)

否定助后加not，疑问一助置主前

在否定句的被动态中，否定副词not-定加在第一助动词之后，不放在别的助动词之后。同样在疑问句的被动态中，第一助动词置于主语之前。

例：Why has(一助) not anything been(二助) done to end the strike?

not必须放在第一助动词has之后，第-助动词has必须放在主语anything之前。决不可写成: why has fot been anything done to end the strike?或why has been not anything done to end the strike?

为什么不采取些措施来结束罢工呢?

The exercises will not be done in class.

不可写成：The exercise will be not done in class.

我们将不在课堂上作练习。

In what other way could(一助) information about Mars be(二助) abtained?

用什么别的途径能获得火星的资料呢2

Why had he been imprisoned?

他为何入狱的?

Need she be told about it?

需要告诉他吗?

主动：No one has ever equalled your record.

被动：Your record has never been equalled.

没人刷新你的记录。

主语恰是疑问词，直陈语序主在前

凡主语恰好是一个疑问词或由疑问词来修饰主语时，后面要用陈述语序。

例: What(主语) could be dropped from a satellite?

卫星上扔下何物?

What measures(主语) are being taken to develop this new science? (主语为疑问词what所修饰) 正在采取什么措施来发展这门新科学?

What kind of device(主语) is needed to make the control system simple? (主语为疑问词所修饰) 需要什么装置来使控制系统简化?

what has been done to improve the techniques?

采取了什么措施来改进这些技术的? (what恰是句子的主语)

应指出的是有的学生把We study diligently和She could see herself clearly in the mirror.都硬行变成被动了, 殊不知不及物动词通常是没有被动态的。关于不及物动词．反身代词动词，同源宾语动词．系词．感官使役动词，短语动词的被动态。

PS:

有些动词可以带双宾语

[编辑本段]

在用于被动结构时，主动结构中的间接宾语变为主语时，直接宾语仍然保留在谓语后面；直接宾语变为主语时，直接宾语前通常加上介词for/to

★He was asked a number of questions at the press conference.在记者招待会上人们问了他很多问题 ★They are taught a lot of things in the kindergartens.他们在幼儿园被教给很多东西。

★A new MP4 was given to him as birthday present/gift.作为生日礼物他收到了一个新MP4。

【特别提醒】

[编辑本段]

有些动词后跟不带to的不定式作宾补，但改为被动结构后要加上“to”。例如

We heard him sing in his room just now.

---He was heard to sing in his room just now.刚才听到他在房间中唱歌。

一、 被动语态的用法：

1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词

Our classroom is cleaned everyday.

I am asked to study hard.

Knives are used for cutting things.

2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词

A new shop was built last year.

Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago.

3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词

This book has been translated into many languages.

Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.

4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词

A new hospital will be built in our city.

Many more trees will be planted next year.

5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词

Young trees must be watered often.

Your mistakes should be corrected right now.

The door may be locked inside.

Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.

6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词

Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→

My bike is being repaired by Tom now.

They are planting trees over there. →

Trees are being planted over there by them.

7. 不定式的被动语态：to + be + 及物动词的过去分词

There are two books to be read. →

There are twenty more trees to be planted.

\

二、 怎样把主动语态改成被动语态?

把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单，可以遵循以下几个步骤：

1. 先找出谓语动词；

2. 再找出谓语动词后的宾语；

3. 把宾语用作被动语态中的主语；

4. 注意人称、时态和数的变化。

例：1. Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week.

2. Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.→The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning.

3. He has written two novels so far.→Two novels have been written by him so far.

4. They will plant ten trees tomorrow.→Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow.

5. Lucy is writing a letter now.→A letter is being written by Lucy now.

6. You must lock the door when you leave.→the door must be locked when you leave.

三、 使用被动语态应注意的几个问题：

1. 不及物动词无被动语态。

What will happen in 100 years.

The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.

2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。

This pen writes well.

This new book sells well.

3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to ，但变为被动语态时，须加上to 。

例：make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something

see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something

A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.

The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.

4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。

He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him.

He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him.

My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father.

5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。

We can’t laugh him. →He can’t be laugh by us.

He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day.

The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.</CA> 动句转被动句

1 his mother told him not to waste time on fishing.

2 Father gave me a toy at Christmas.

3 This factory produces machine tools.

4 They should do it at once.

5 He is likely to let you down.

6 They named the child tom.

答案

1 He was told not to waste time on fishing (by his mother).

2 I was given a toy at Christmas (by my father).

3 Machine tools are produced in this factory.

4 It should be done at once (by them).

5 You are likely to be let down.

6 The child was named tom.

以上几个例子都是从语法书摘抄的。代表了几种不同形式的被动变法。1\2是不同的动宾短语中宾语变被动；3是一般句子变被动；4是情态动词变被动；5是不定式变被动；6是主—动—宾—补结构的主动句变被动。

把下列句子变成被动语态

1.We found some jewels in a box.

2. The teacher is keeping the pupils at school for a revision.

3. James has left a parcel for you.

4. You must finish the article before Friday.

5. They will not paint the house again next year.

6. They promised Mary a new doll for her birthday.

7. I have told the children many times not to skate on the pond.

8. Where did he translate the story?

9. We had to repair our TV set.

10. Do they take good care of the sick?

11. They company has paid the workers very handsome wages.

12. They showed me the room where they lived.

把下列句子变成主动语态

1.Spanish is spoken in South America.

2. The plans will have to be revised.

3. All the words must be looked up in a dictionary.

4. Has John been cured of his heart illness?

5. The door should not have been left open all night.

6. We are afraid that we may be attacked at night.

7. We are being taught how to operate the new machine.

用动词的正确时态填空

Our desks and chairs ________________ (make) of wood. The paper of books and newspapers ______ also ___________ (make) from wood. Even some kinds of cloth __________________ (make) from it. Many people ____________ (burn) wood to keep themselves warm in winter. Indeed, wood _______ (be) important in our everyday life.

Where ________ wood __________ (come) from? It ________________ (take) from trees which _____________(grow) in the mountains. _________ you ____________ (know) how it ____________ (get) to us from the mountains?

First of all, trees ___________(cut) down when they ______________(grow) big enough. Then their branches _______________ (cut) off, and logs _______________(make).These heavy logs ________________(put) together in different ways and _________________ (take) down to the foot of the mountains. Some of them _________________ (float使漂流) down the small rivers and others _________________ (carry) down on trains.

Big trees ________________(cut) down in the mountains every year. Then young ones ______________________ (must, plant) so that we ______ always ________________ (can, have) enough wood. We have to take good care of mountains so that they __________ always _________________ (may, cover) with growing trees.

翻译

1.The shirt washes well.

2. The shirt is being washed now.

3. The door won’t lock.

4. The shop is closed now.

5. The room is filled with smoke.

6. It is reported that the big fire has been put out.

7.台湾属于中国.

8.韩寒的书很畅销.

9.这录音机不转.

10.火灾是怎样发生的?

11.这个问题值得讨论.

12.这种布摸起来很柔软.

选择正确答案

1. When I got to his office, I __________ that he_________ out.

A. told, had been B. was told, was

C. had told, was D. was told, had been

2. The vegetables didn’t taste very good. They ______ for too long.

A. cooked B. were cooked

C. had cooked D. had been cooked

3. The anti-Japanese war ______ in 1937 and it ______ eight years.

A. was broken, lasted B. broke out, lasted

C. break out, lasted D. broke out, was lasted

4. She was heard __A______ an English song.

A. to sing B. sing

C. sang D. to be sang

5. These boxes are very heavy ___.

A. be carried B. carry

C. carried D. be carrying

6. The police found that the house ________ and a lot of things ________.

A. had been broken into, has been stolen

B. has broken into, has been stolen

C. had been broken into, stolen

D. has broken into, has stolen

7. Coal can ________ to produce electricity for agriculture and industry.

A. have used B. used C. be used D. use

8. John has never dreamt of _________.

A. taken to Athens B. taking to Athens

C. be taking to Athens D. being taken to Athens

9. Nobody likes __________.

A. laughed at B. laughing at

C. being laughed at D. being laughed

10. The bridge ___________ will be completed next year.

A. built B. being built C. is being built D. building

11. It is said that tigers ________ in Asia year after year.

A. are being disappeared B. are disappearing

C. will be disappeared D. will disappear

12. I’m going to Wuhan tomorrow. Do you have anything ____

to your mother?

A. to take B. taken C. to be taken D. taking

13. Take it easy. There is nothing ______.

A. to worry B . to be worried

C. to be worried about D. to worry about

14. Your new computer will soon become outdated, because technology _______so fast.

A. is developed B. is being developed

C. has been developed D. will developed

15. I won’t go to the party unless _________.

A. invited B. being invited

C. be invited D. inviting

16. The problem ________ last week is very important.

A. was discussed B. discussed

C. being discussed D. be discussed

17. We should keep the animals from ________.

A. be endangered B. endangering

C. being endangered D. endangered

18. There are no rivers _______out of the Dead Sea.

A. flowed B. flowing

C. being flowed D. be flown

19. This place has been destroyed. So there is no bamboo ______ for pandas to feed on.

A. left B. leaving C. leave D. be left

20. All the preparations for the task ________ , and we are ready to start.

A. completed B. complete

C. had been completed D. have been completed

练习题

1)It is said that a new robot ____by him in a few days.

A) designed

B) has been designed

C) will be designed

D) will have been designed

2)We are late. I expect the film ____by the time we get to the cinema.

A) will already have started

B) would already have started

C) shall have already started

D) has already been started

3) She will stop showing off if no notice____ of her.

A) is taken

B) takes

C) will be taken

D) has taken

4) Diamond ____in Brazil in 1971.

A) is found

B) has been found

C) was found

D) had been found

5)“Have you movedsintosthe new flat?”“Not yet. The room____.”

A) has been painted

B) is painted

C) paints

D) is being painted

6) My pictures ____until next Friday.

A) won't develop

B) aren't developed

C) don't develop

D) won' t be developed

7) Tim ____since he lost his job three weeks ago.

A) had been unemployed

B) was unemployed

C) has been unemployed

D) has unemployed

8) A great number of colleges and universities ____since 1949.

A) has been establish

B) have been established

C) have established

D) had been established

9) I'll have to push the car to the side of the road because we ____if we leave it here.

A) would be fined

B) will be fined

C) will being fined

D) will have been fined

10)“____two tickets for the new play at the Grand Theatre on Saturday. Shall we go and see it together?”

A) They have been given

B) I have been given

C) I am given

D) They have given to me

11) The subject of these lectures ____by the lecture committee.

A) is announced

B) have been announced

C) are announced

D) has been announced

12) I found an aspirin bottle ____dropped on the floor of David's room.

A) was

B) had

C) had been

D) is13)The goods ____when we arrived at the airport.

A) were just unloading

B) were just been unloading

C) had just unloaded

D) were just being unloaded

14) If one ____by pride, he will reject useful advice and friendly assistance.

A) overcomes

B) is overcome

C) has been overcome

D) overcome

15) Most environment problems exist because adequate measures for preventing them ____taken in the past.

A) was not

B) were not

C) were not being

D) had not been

16) You ought to have put the milk in the refrigerator, now ____sour.

A) I smell

B) it is smelt

C) it smells

D) it is smelling

17) After the race____, the celebration began.

A) had been won

B) is won

C) will be won

D)has been won

18) He was here for a little while, but I don't knowswhereshe ____now.

A) is

B) was

C) had been

D) has been

18) The young teacher has ____ competent.

A) been proved to be

B) proved to be

C) been proved

D) proved being

19) Pluto, the outermost planet of the solar system, ____photographically in March 1930.

A) discovered

B) was discovered

C) by discovery

D) when discovered

20) To get a better view of the stage, ____.

A)our seats had to be changed

B) our seats were changed

C) we had to change our seats

D) our seats were changed by us

22) After synthetic____, engineers had a better choice of material.

A) created B) has createdC) has been created D) had been created

23) I think much attention ____your pronunciation.

A) must be paid to

B) ought to be paid to

C) must pay to

D) should be paid to

24) Since 1970, millions of enthusiasts ____Vitamin C, which they believe can remedy the common cold.

A) have taken

B) have been taken

C) have been taking

D) have been taking

25) I don't remember ____the chance to try this method.

A)shavingsbeen given

B) to have been given

C)shavingsgiven

D) to have given

26) We could ask someone to do the work privately without it____.

A) know

B) be known

C) being known

D) to be known

27) The construction of the laboratory ____by the end of next month.

A) must be completed

B) must have been completed

C) will be completing

D) will have been completing

28) They would tell how the African ____on a ship to an American port.

A) was brought

B) could have been brought

C) had been brought

D) was to be brought

29) He does not possess a bicycle, this one he uses ____to Peter.

A) is belonged to

B) belonged

C) belongs

D) is belonging

30) Negotiation ____again with Moscow tomorrow, a great event will be discussed then.

A) is to be opened

B) is on the point of opening

C) is going to open

D) opens

31) The reason for all the changes being made ____to us yet.

A) has not explained

B) has not been explained

C) did not explained

D) were not explained

32) Experiments in the photography of moving objects ____in both the United States and Europe well before 1900.

A) were conducting

B)were conducted

C) had been conducted

D) had conducted

33) When he turned the corner, he found himself ____by a man in black.

A) tailed

B) been tailed

C) was tailed

D) had been tailed

34) A candidate for the democratic presidential nomination ____at this moment.

A) is interviewing

B) being interviewed

C) is being interviewed

D) interviewing

35) As we approached the work site, the workers were seen ____the new house.

A) building

B) build

C) built

D) to build

36) As we know, all the regulations in school ____.

A) must keep to

B) must be kept

C) must keep

D) must be kept up

37) The composition ____any more.

A) need not to be corrected

B) doesn't need to be corrected

C) doesn't need be corrected

D) need not correct

38) The bank is reported in the local newspaper ____in broad daylight yesterday

A) to be robbed

B) to have keen robbed

C) robbed

D)shavingsbeen robbed

39) Hurry up, or the tickets ___out by the time we get there.

A) will have sold

B) will sell

C) have sold

D) will have been sold

40) He cleaned the glasses carefully for fear that it ____.

A) was damaged

B) should be damaged

C) damaged

D) would be damaged

被动语态部分练习题答案：

1)C 2)A 3)A 4)C 5)D 6)D 7)C 8)B 9)B 10)B11)D 12)C 13)D 14)B 15)B 16)C 17)A

18)A 19)B20)B 21)C 22)D 23)A 24)C 25)A 26)C 27)A 28)C29)C 30)A 31)B 32)C

33)A 34)C 35)A 36)B 37)B38)B 39)D 40)