初中英语被动语态小结

一、语态概述

英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。

例如:Many people speak Chinese.

谓语:speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。

被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。例如:Chinese is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。

二、被动语态的构成

被动语态由"助动词be+及物动词的过去分词"构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。

一般现在时:am/is/are+spoken

一般过去时:was/were+spoken

一般将来时:will/shall be+spoken

现在进行时:am/is/are being+spoken

过去进行时:was/were being+spoken

现在完成时:have/has been+spoken

过去完成时:had been + spoken

三、被动语态的用法

(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。

例如:Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)

This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于19xx年。

(2)强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。

例如:The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。

This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。

Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。

四、主动语态变被动语态的方法

(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。

(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。例如:

All the people laughed at him.

He was laughed at by all people.

They make the bikes in the factory.

The bikes are made by them in the factory.

He cut down a tree.

A tree was cut down by him.

五、含有情态动词的被动语态

含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由"情态动词+be+过去分词"构成,原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后"to"仍要保留。

We can repair this watch in two days.

This watch can be repaired in two days.

They should do it at once.

It should be done at once.

六、特殊情况

1.He made the boy work for two hours yesterday.

The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.

2.Mother never lets me watch TV .

I am never let to watch TV by mother.

3.Jack gave Peter a Christmas present just now.

(1)A Christmas present was given to Peter by Jack just now.

(2)Peter was given a Christmas present by Jack just now.

四、动词的主动形式表示被动之意

系动词无被动语态：以主动形式表示被动之意

常见的系动词有：

① be动词

② ……起来（7个）：look/seem/appear, feel(感觉，摸起来), sound, smell, taste

e.g. She seems/appears happy. It smells terrible.

③ (逐渐)变得/变成：become, grow, get, turn, come, go

e.g. His wish has come true.

People often went hungry in the old days.

The tree is growing tall.

④ 保持：keep, stay

e.g. We must keep quiet in the reading room.

五、下列动词（词组）没有被动式：

1、happen, take place, break out, belong to ,cost, take

2、不及物动词sell, wash, read , write, open, close, shut, lock, wear等，常用主动形式表示被动意义。

1、An accident was happened yesterday.（×）昨天发生了一起事故。 ○

An accident happened yesterday.

2、The flower smells sweet.这花闻起来很香。 ○

3、The watch looks good.这表看起来很好。 ○

4、This book sells well.这本书畅销。 ○

5、The kind of cloth washes well. 这种布很容易洗。 ○

6、The article reads well. 这篇文章读起来很好。 ○

7、The supermarket opens at 8:00 in the morning. 超市在早上八点钟营业。 ○

8、The door won’t close/shut. 这门关不上。 ○

9、The door locks easily. 这门容易锁。 ○

10、This material wears well (won’t wear). 这种材料耐久（不耐久） ○

初中英语被动语态专项练习

( ) 1 The People's Republic of China ___ on October 1, 1949.

A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found

( ) 2 English ____ in Canada.

A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken

( )3 This English song___ by the girls after class.

A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung

( ) 4 This kind of car ___ in Japan.

A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made

( ) 5 New computers ___ all over the world.

A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used

( ) 6 Our room must ___ clean.

A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep

( ) 7 -I'd like to buy that coat.

-I'm sorry. ___. A. it sold B. it's selling C. It's been sold D. it

had been sold

( )8A new house ___ at the corner of the road.

A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building

( ) 9 The key ___ on the table when I leave.

A. was left B. will be left C. is left D. has been left

( ) 10 Doctors ___ in every part of the world.

A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need

( )11 His new book___ next month.

A.will be published B. is publishing C. is being published D. has been published

( ) 12 Japanese ___ in every country.

A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking

( ) 13 These papers___yet.

A.have not written B. have not been written

C. has not written D. has not been written

( ) 14 The sports meet ___ be held until next week.

A. didn't B. won't C. isn't D. doesn't

( ) 15 -My shoes are worn out.

A. Can't they be mended? B. Let me have a look at it.

C. How much do they cost? D. Can't they mended?

( ) 16 ___ the watch been repaired yet? I badly need it.

A. Does B. Has C. Is D. Are

( ) 17___ these desks be needed?A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do

( ) 18 Why ___ to talk about it yesterday?

A. didn't a meeting hold B. wasn't a meeting held

C. wasn't held a meeting D. a meeting wasn't held

( ) 19 Who was the book___?

A. write B. wrote C. written D. written by

( ) 20 Where ___ these boxes

A. was B. were C. is D. am

( )21 The flowers___often.

A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water

( ) 22 The books may___ for two weeks.

A. be kept B. be borrowed C. keep D. borrow

( ) 23 The broken bike____ here by Mr Smith.

A. can mend B. can mended C. can be mend D. can be mended

( ) 24 The old bridge in my hometown___ next month.

A.is going to be rebuilt B. will rebuilt

C. are going to be rebuilt D. are going to rebuilt

( ) 25 The play ___ at the theatre next Sunday.

A. is going to be shown B. will shownC. will show D. is shown

( ) 26 The old stone bridge ___ next week.

A.is going to be rebuilt B. will be rebuild

C. are going to be rebuilt D. will rebuild

( )27Now these magazines___ in the library for a long time.

A. have kept B. are keeping C. have been keeping D. have been kept

( ) 28The pot ___ for ___ hot water.

A.used; keeping B. was used; keeping

C. is used; to keep D. are used; keep

( )29Tea ___ in the south of China.

A. grows B. is grown C. were grown D. will grow

( ) 30 The bridges___ two years ago.

A. is built B. built C. were built D. was built

( ) 31 Wet clothes are often ___ up near a fire in rainy weather.