高中英语作文训练

【作文一】

现在全国很多学校出现了一种新的教学方式：小组合作学习方式(group—centered studying)。在此之前，常用的方式是“填鸭式教学(forced—feeding method of teaching)”：这两种方式各有特点，请你以“Forced-feeding teaching or group-centered studying”

为题．按照以下要点写一篇150词左右的短文：

1．填鸭式教学：老师讲得多，把知识灌输给学生，课堂气氛沉闷，学生缺乏主动性；

2．小组合作学习：老师讲得少，同学们一起讨论、相互学习。有学习的积极性，但部分同学容易养成偷懒的习惯；

3．你喜欢的方式和理由。

【作文二】

目前，每个城市每天都产生大量的垃圾，垃圾分类刻不容缓，请根据下表，用英语写一篇短文。

注意：

1．词数：150左右。

2．内容可适当发挥，注意行文连贯。

3．参考词汇：垃圾分类rubbish classification

【作文三】

假定你所在学校最近要举办一次英语征文大赛，请你根据下表内容，用英语写一篇有关交友的短文。

注意：

1．短文须包括所有要点，结论部分可自由发挥；

2．词数：150左右；

3．开头己给出，但不计入总词数。

In life we can hardly do without friends.

___________________________________________________________________________

【作文四】

最近，你和你的朋友对高三学生进行了一次家访和调查，学生的反馈情况见下表。请你以What I want to speak out most 为题，写一篇150词左右的短文，向《英语周报》投稿。开头己给出，但不计入总词数。

What I want to speak out most

As a Senior 3student, I have many things in mind to speak out.

First…

【作文五】

    20##年5月12号，我国四川省汶川县发生了8级地震。请根据下图提示，用英语介绍一下当时的情况及震后救灾的情况。

注意：1．词数120左右：

      2．可根据图画提示适当增加细节，使行文连贯；

      3．参考词汇： 人民解放军：PLA    总理：n．premier

 

【作文六】

    假设最近你作为研究性学习的课题组成员就对高中英语新教材的看法在同学们中间展开调查，调查结果如下：

 

请你根据以上调查写一份120词左右的调查报告。报告的开头已给出，但不计入总词数。

I recently made a survey about different views on the new English textbook among my classmates.

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

【作文一】

One possible version:

       Forced-feeding teaching or group-centered studying

There are basically two teaching methods at present. One is forced-feeding teaching, the other is group-centered studying.

With forced-feeding teaching, teachers spend much time on the instructions while the students are busy taking notes. Therefore, it leads to the whole class not taking an active role in their lessons, which makes the class very dull.

With group-centered studying introduced into schools, the class has changed a great deal.  Students can exchange what they learn and express their opinions freely. But it has a shortcoming: Some students get into the habit of being lazy.

As far as I am concerned, I prefer to study in a team, which offers students a chance to learn how to express their opinions. What's more, it can make students form the good habit of looking up a large quantity of information in advance. In a word, we can benefit a lot from studying in a team.

【作文二】

     At present, society produces a large amount of rubbish, such as leftover food, waste paper, plastic bottles and batteries every day. Rubbish has become a big headache in every city and is becoming a major environmental problem. It has become necessary to deal with this issue. So, how to solve this problem? I think rubbish classification is a good way to deal with it.

     Firstly, rubbish classification can reduce the amount of rubbish and the rubbish pollution to the environment. Secondly, it is a scientific and effective way to manage rubbish. What's more, by classifying rubbish it allows us to recycle resources, which will improve the quality of our living conditions and help the environment.    

Since rubbish classification has so many advantages, our government should take effective measures to introduce this policy immediately. Different dustbins should be placed in public places so that residents can leave their sorted rubbish in them.

【作文三】

In life we can hardly do without friends. Friends are an important part in our lives. Why? As we know,  life is not easy. There are many difficulties and problems we can't overcome through our own efforts alone. We need friends to support and help us out of them. Also, We need friends to share our joys and sorrows. Otherwise, we will suffer from loneliness and feel sad.

     However,  there are many kinds of friends. What is true friendship? As the popular saying

goes, "A friend in need is a friend indeed." True friends are those who never desert you when they are badly needed. They will offer you practical help sincerely and unselfishly even at the cost of their own interests. What's more, they will encourage you to stick to what is right and to avoid doing what is wrong or illegal, however stubborn you are.

    In conclusion, make friends with those who can share our feelings and will come through difficulties with us.

【作文四】

           What I want to speak out most

As a Senior 3 student,  I have many things in mind to speak out.

First, I’d like to advise the headmaster to create a better environment for us students to live and study in. You see, we devote ourselves to our lessons. But all work and no play make Jack a dull boy. We need some time to relax. For us, relaxation is equally important. Strangely enough,  this is seemingly neglected. Also, we hope the headmaster can have more communication with us so that we can voice our opinions in time. Second, I hope our teachers can smile more in class and leave us more free time to think for ourselves. They are just too serious in class! They know better than us that a smiling face is like sunshine, which will warm the heart of everyone involved! As for our parents, we do expect that they can have a better understanding of us. After all, we need to .learn to be independent.

【作文五】

One possible version:

On the afternoon of May 12, 2008, a big earthquake happened in Sichuan province. In no time, most houses and buildings fell down and many people were buried in the ruins.

Within one day, the PLA hurried there to rescue the victims, and many volunteers also rushed there to help.    

Our premier, Wen Jiabao, went there several hours later. He said: “If there is 1% Of hope, we’ll make 100% of our efforts”, which encouraged the local people very much.

The terrible disaster had an effect on all the Chinese and people all over the world. People at home and abroad donated money and goods to offer help, with which people in the disaster areas

would live a normal life.    

I believe all bad things will come to an end and that we are sure to overcome all difficulties.

【作文六】

    I recently made a survey about different views on the new English textbook among my classmates.

    According to the survey, 80% of the students are quite satisfied with it. In their opinion, the pictures in the new English textbook are very attractive, which greatly arouse their interest in learning. In addition, the textbook is very interesting, with many of the topics close to life and familiar to the students. Also, the hot topics it covers provide lots of rich cultural knowledge of  the world, differing vastly from the traditional ones. This appeals to the students’ tastes and curiosity a lot. All these help them gain a better understanding of the world around..

    However, other students, about 15% of them, express their opposite ideas. They complain that there are too many new words and long difficult sentences, making the texts more difficult to understand. And the rest, about 5% of the surveyed show no opinion.

   Therefore generally, the new English textbook has helped most students improve their English enormously.

一、英语书信的常见写作模板
　　开头部分：
　　How nice to hear from you again.
　　Let me tell you something about the activity.
　　I’m glad to have received your letter of Apr. 9th.
　　I’m pleased to hear that you’re coming to China for a visit.
　　I’m writing to thank you for your help during my stay in America.
　　结尾部分：
　　With best wishes.
　　I’m looking forward to your reply.
　　I’d appreciate it if you could reply earlier.
　　二、口头通知常见写作模板
　　呼语及开场白部分：
　　Ladies and gentlemen, May I have your attention, please? I have an announcement to make.
　　正文部分：
　　All the teachers and students are required to attend it.
　　Please take your notebooks and make notes.
　　Please listen carefully and we’ll have a discussion in groups.
　　Please come on time and don’t be late.
　　结束语部分：
　　Please come and join in it.
　　Everybody is welcome to attend it.
　　I hope you’ll have a nice time here.
　　That’s all. Thank you.
　　三、议论文模板
　　1.正反观点式议论文模板
　　导入：
　　第1段：Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... （导入话题）
　　Our opinions are divided on this topic.（观点有分歧）
　　正文：
　　第2段：Most of the students are in favour of it.（正方观点）
　　Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由)
　　第3段：However, the others are strongly against it. （反方观点）
　　Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由)
　　结论：
　　第4段：Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.（个人观点） オ
　　2.“A或者B”类议论文模板：
　　导入：
　　第1段：　　Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.
　　正文：
　　第2段：There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that ... Another reason is that...(赞同A的原因)
　　第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent... (列出1~2个B的优势)
　　结论：
　　第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that ...(得出结论) オ
　　3.观点论述类议论文模板：
　　导入：
　　第1段：提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题
　　As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. （亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对）
　　The reasons for this may be listed as follows. （过渡句，承上启下）
　　正文：
　　第2段：First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的理由)
　　结论：
　　第3段：In conclusion, I believe that... （照应第1段，构成"总—分—总"结构）
　　4."How to"类议论文模板：
　　导入：
　　第1段：提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题
　　正文：
　　第2段：　　Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法)
　　结论：
　　第3段：These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法)
　　四、图表作文写作模板
　　The chart gives us an overall picture of the 图表主题. The first thing we notice is that 图表最大特点 . This means that as (进一步说明).
　　We can see from the statistics given that 图表细节一 . After 动词-ing 细节一中的第一个变化， the动词-ed+幅度+时间(紧跟着的变化) . The figures also tell us that图表细节二 . In  the column, we can see that accounts for (进一步描述).
　　Judging from these figures, we can draw the conclusion that (结论). The reason for this, as far as I am concerned is that (给出原因). / It is high time that we (发出倡议).

1.开头
　　Look at this picture./The picture shows that.../From this picture, we can see.../As is shown in the picture.../As is seen in the picture...
2.衔接句
　　As we all know, .../As is known to all,.../It is well known that.../In my opinion,.../As far as I am concerned,.../This sight reminds me of something in my daily life.
3.结尾句
　　In conclusion.../In brief.../On the whole.../In short.../In a word.../Generally

 speaking.../As has been stated.

话题一：中学生的爱好与兴趣
Spare time(业余时间), favorite(最喜欢的),Interest(兴趣), hobby(爱好),appetite(嗜好),taste(口味), read novels(也小说), play football/basketball(打足球/篮球),surf the internet(上网),chat online(在线聊天),play games(玩游戏),collect stamps(集邮),make e-friends(交网友),climb mountains(爬山),watch TV(看电视),enjoy popular music(喜欢流行音乐), be interested in(对…感兴趣),develop an interest in(在…方面发展兴趣),be fond of(喜欢…),be keen on(喜欢…),have love for(喜爱…),have a taste in(对…有兴趣) 等。

话题二：劳动与劳动观念
Work(工作),be at work(在工作),work hard(努力工作),produce(生产),worker(工人),labor force(劳动力),labor(劳动), voluntary labor(义务劳动)， serve the people(为人民服务)，heart and soul(全心全意)，physical labor(体力劳动), mental labor(脑力劳动),labor viewpoint(劳动观念),labor Day(劳动节),workday(工作日),means of labor(劳动方式),honorable(光荣的),be devoted to(奉献于..),value(价值), earn money(赚钱) ,personal interests(个人利益)等。

话题三：创建和谐社会
harmonious(和谐的),friendly(友好的),civilized(文明的),honest(真诚的),credible (诚信的), be public-spirited(有公德心的),   balanced(平衡的), be in order(有序的), peaceful(和平的), live in harmony(生活和谐), sustainable development(可持续发展)等，help each ether(互助), care for each other(互相关心),   have deep love for (热爱),   be concerned with (关心),   build(创建),   cherish(珍惜), take an active part in(积极参与), pay attention to social moral(讲究社会公德), protect the environment(保护环境),save energy(节省能源)等。No pains, no gains. 不劳无获。…can be achieved by hard wok.   …可以通过劳动获得。 It is honorable to …     …是光荣的It is difficult to find work in the present situation.     在当前形势下，很难找到工作。  
If everyone … for others and the society, our world will be …。人为他人和社会做…， 我们这个世界将会…。Every one should … and devotes himself to building our motherland into a strong country.每个人应该 …，为把我们祖国建设成为一个强壮的国家而奉献自己的力量。

话题四：招聘与求职
employ(雇佣),   look for(寻找),   take in(吸纳),   full-time(全职的),   part-time(兼职的),   well-paid(薪水高), be paid by the hour(按小时发工资),   requirement(要求),   résumé(个人履历),   schooling(受教育情况), subjects(课程),    working experience(工作经历),   qualification(合格证明),   transcript (成绩单),  health(健康状况),   present address(现在通讯地址)等，apply for(申请…),   graduate from(毕业于), major in(以…为专业),   degree(学位),   scholarship(奖学金),   good grades(良好的成绩),   hobby(爱好), favorite(最喜欢的),   be skilled in(在…方面熟练),   be good at(擅长…),   experienced(有经验的), confident(自信的),   English and computer ability(英语和计算机能力),   healthy(健康的)等。

话题五：中学生的健康问题
Physical and mental condition(身体与精神状态),   strong(强壮的),   un/healthy(不健康/健康的), overweight/fat(肥胖的),   thin(瘦的),   near/short-sighted(近视的),   mentally unhealthy(精神不健全的), normal(正常的),   abnormal(不正常的),   energetic(精力旺盛的),   unhealthy eating habit(不健康的饮食习惯), eat much junk food (吃太多的垃圾食品)等， Stay/keep healthy/fit(保持健康),   enough sleep(充足的睡眠), build up one’s body/ improve one’s' health(强身健体),   take regular exercise(进行有规律的运动),
roper diet(合理的饮食),   good living habits(良好的生活习惯),   lose weight(减肥),   go on diet(节食),   remove heavy burdens(减轻负担),   be good for/do good to(对…有益处),   nutrition(营养), form a … eating habit(养成一个…的饮食习惯)   Breathe in as much fresh air等

话题六：环境保护Pollute（污染），Waste is scattering here and there.(到处撒满了废弃物），protect the environment(保护环境) ，send out smoke and poisonous gases into the air（散发出烟和有毒气体）， cut down trees(砍伐树木)，
pour waste water into the rivers(把废水注入河流),   It is a shame to throw rubbish around.(乱扔垃圾是可耻的)，form good habits to protect the surroundings（养成良好的习惯来保护环境），
take active measures to protect rare animals(采取积极措施保护稀有动物)，
take good care of our forests（关心我们的森林），
plant more trees to improve the environment （多植来改善环境），
The terrible pollution have done great harm to us as well as to the surroundings. (可怕的污染已经给我们自己还有我们的环境带来了很大的危害。)

话题七：校园文明与安全问题
School rules and regulations(学校规章制度), obey(遵守),   observe(遵守),   keep/observe discipline(遵守纪律), behave well(表现良好),   be neatly dressed(穿戴整洁),    respect one’s teachers and parents(尊敬师长),      be on time(准时),    keep the environment clean(保持环境干净),   spit(吐痰),   break the rules(违反规章制度), discipline(纪律),   civilized(文明的),   throw rubbish everywhere(乱扔垃圾),   cheat in the exam(考试作弊), get in line (插队),   fight with sb.(与…打架),   punish sb. for (因…处罚某人)等。
The students are told not to break any of the rules of the school. 学校要求学生不要违反任何规章制度。The students are expected to …     学校期望学生…。
It must be made clear that the students should …     必须明确的一点是，学生应该…。   
… is of no good to a friendly and harmonious society.    …对创建友好和谐的社会是毫无益处的。It is honorable to obey the principles and rules of our school.遵守学校的规章制度是光荣的。It is worthy of praise to ...     …是值得表扬的。It is shameful to …     …是可耻的。   What we should do is that …     我们应该做的事

话题八：友谊
get to know sb.(认识某人),    know sb. really well(熟知某人),    make friends with sb.(和某人交朋友), a strong personality (一个很强的个性),   personal matters(隐私),   friendship(友谊),   friendly(友好的), a close friend(一个亲密的朋友),   trust each other (相互信任),   precious(珍贵的),   worthy(有价值的), understanding(通情达理的),   share …with sb.(与…分享…),   keep company with sb.(和…结交),keep in touch with sb. (与…保持联系), be loyal to(对…忠诚),   stay best friends with sb. (和…保持很好的友谊)在描述此话题时常用的句型有：
１.Friends give us …     朋友给予我们…。
２.A good friend is someone you can …     一位好朋友就是一个我们能够…的人。
３.The first time I met …, he was …     当我第一次遇到…的时候，他…。
４.Friendship plays an important part in …     友谊在…中扮演一个重要角色。
５.You can … to be a good friend.     你可以…来成为别人的好朋友。
６.We can turn to ... when we feel down. 当我们心情糟糕时，可以求助于…。
７… makes a good friend.     …成就好朋友。
８.A friend in need is a friend indeed.     患难见真知。
９.... is one of the things people value most in a friend.    … 是人们在朋友身上最重视的东西。１０. … have a friend of … years with sb.   … 与… 有着…年的友情。

热点十：可持续发展
可持续发展已成为全球共识，如何实行可持续发展是摆在世人面前的重大问题。请就下面表格所提供的内容进行陈述并谈谈你的看法。
注意：
1.不要逐条翻译。2. 可适当发挥3. 词数:120左右4. 文章的开头部分以给出参考词汇：差距 gap相关法律 relevant laws
参考例文：
The idea of sustainable development has been accepted by the world. How to keep sustainable development is a big problem facing our planet.
The present situation is worrying. First，natural resources are becoming less than before. Second，as some people are not aware of the importance of the environmental protection，the problems with it remain extremely serious to some degree. The gap between the rich and the poor has the tendency to become wider and wider.
To our great joy，many countries have taken action. On one hand，they have made relevant laws and regulations and put large amounts of money to the environmental protection. One the other hand，popularized education as well as international cooperation is being carried out.
As for myself，I should take the responsibility to devote myself to sustainable development，our future and the lives of our children and our grandchildren will be in danger.

热点1：美国金融危机
写一篇以金融危机为主题的英语作文。
参考词汇：
金融危机：Financial Crisis
参考例文：
What Caused The Financial Crisis？
I think we can sum up（总结，概括） the cause of our current economic crisis in one word — GREED（贪婪）.
Over the years， mortgage lenders were happy to lend money to people who couldn‘t afford their mortgages. But they did it anyway because there was nothing to lose. These lenders were able to charge higher interest rates and make more money on sub-prime loans. If the borrowers default，they simply seized the house and put it back on the market. On top of that， they were able to pass the risk off to mortgage insurer or package these mortgages as mortgage-backed securities. Easy money！and what went wrong with our financial system？
The whole thing was one big scheme. Everything was great when houses were selling like hot cakes and their values go up every month. Lenders made it easier to borrow money，and the higher demand drove up house values. Higher house values means that lenders could lend out even bigger mortgages， and it also gave lenders some protection against foreclosures. All of this translates into more money for the lenders， insurers， and investors. Unfortunately， many borrowers got slammed when their adjustable mortgage finally adjusted. When too many of them couldn‘t afford to make their payments， it causes these lenders to suffer from liquidity issue and to sit on more foreclosures than they could sell. Mortgage-backed securities became more risky and worth less causing investment firms like Lehman Brothers to suffer.
Moreover，insurers like AIG who insured these bad mortgages also got in trouble. The scheme （体系，结构）worked well， but it reverses course and is now coming back to hurt

（二）巧用连接词:要想使文章有整体性、连贯性，就要学会正确使用连接词

表示罗列增加:First， second， third， First， then / next， after that / next， finally For one thing … for another…， On （the） one hand…on the other hand，Besides / what‘s more / in addition / furthermore / moreover / another / also， Especially / In particular

表示时间顺序:now， at present， recently，after， afterwards， after that， after a while， in a few days，at first， in the beginning， to begin with， later， next， finally，immediately， soon， suddenly， all of a sudden， at that moment， as soon as， the moment form now on， from then on， at the same time， meanwhile， till， not…until， before， after， when， while， as during

表示解释说明:now，in addition，for example，for instance，in this case，moreover furthermore，in fact，actually

表示转折关系:but，however，while，though，or，otherwise，on the contrary，on the other hand，in contrast，despite，in spite of，even though，except （for），instead，of course，after all，

表示并列关系:or，and，but,only … but also，as well as，both… and，either …or，neither …nor

表示因果关系:because，because of，since，now that，as，thanks to…，due to…，therefore，as a result （of），otherwise，so…that，such…that

表示条件关系:as （so） long as， on condition that， if， unless

表示让步关系:though although， as， even if， even though， whether …or…， however， whoever， whatever， whichever， wherever， whenever， no matter how （who， what， which， where， when， whom）

表示举例:for example，for instance，such as…，take… for example

表示比较:be similar to，similarly，the same as，in contrast，compared with （to）…just like，just as，

表示目的:for this reason，for this purpose，so that，in order to，so as to，

表示强调:in deed，in fact，surely，certainly，no doubt，without any doubt，truly，obviously，above all，

表示概括归纳:in a word，in short，in brief，on the whole， generally speaking， in my opinion， as s far as I know， As we all know， as has been stated，as I have shown， finally， at last， in summary，in conclusion

1。表并列补充关系的: what is more, besides, also, as well, moreover, furthermore, in addition,

2．表转折关系的：: but, however, yet, instead, on the contrary, although,though，different from,in contrast to, despite, in spite of, whereas, unlike, nevertheless, not only…but also, here…there, years ago…today, this…that, the former…the latter, then…now, the first…whereas the second, once…now, on （the one） hand…on the other hand, some…others, conversely ,anyway, desptie, , likewise, nevertherless ,otherwise, after all, all the same (虽然,但是) at the same time (可是) not withstanding(虽然)

3。表因果关系的: since, as, because (of)/in that/as a result of  , for, so, thus, therefore, as a result, so that, hence (,因此)lead to ,result in (from), contribute to（促成，导致）， consequently（正式）所以，因此 ,as a consequence, accordingly（正式） 从而，因此恶果 eg:① own was built near a bridge on the River Cam : hence the name Cambridge . 这座城镇建在康姆河上一座桥的附近，因此而得名为康桥（现名为剑桥）

2） This engine uses less fuel and is therefore better for the environment .

3） You have repeatedly failed to deliver the goods on time . We therefore feel that we have no alternative but to find another supplier. 你不只一次地没有按时交货。所以我们别无选择，只好另找一家供应商了解。

4） Luck and a good family background contributed to his success.

5） No canditate succeeded in obtaining a majority of the votes. Consequently new elections were held . 没有一位候选人得得票过半数，所以举行了新的选举。

6） We see that you have an income of less than 20## pounds a yeas.Accordingly , we have decided to grant you free tuition . 我们发现你的年收入低于两千英镑。 因此，我们决定免去你的学费。

7）  In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____. 他们之所以有这种观点，主要基于以下两个因素：。。。

2． 表示递进关系的:furthermore, what's more ,moreover,incidentally, meanwhile, besides, particularly. similarly at the same time , in addition,

5。表条件关系的: if, on the condition (that), as /so long as, unless, or else, prividing/provided ( that ) 

6．表示时间关系的

when, after, before, until, as soon as, later, afterwards, soon, lately, recently, since, from then on, eventually, in the meantime, then, suddenly, at the same time, next, early this morning/year/century, after an interval（间歇，间隔）, now, after, presently, later, afterward, somewhat later（稍后）, finally,at last, all of a sudden（突然，突如其来地）,

7。表特定的顺序关系:

 above all, first of all, firstly, first, secondly, the , next, finally, in the end, at last,in the first/second/third /… place 

8。表换一种方式表达: in other words, that is to say, to put it another way,

9。表进行举例说明: for instance, for example, like, such as,

10。表陈述事实: in fact, actually, as a matter of fact, to tell you the truth

11。表总结: on the whole, in short, all in all, general, in a word, in conclusion, in closing, in summary.

书面表达中常用的连接词

（1），表选择关系或对等关系的连接词：either…or…, neither…nor…, or, as well as, and, both…and….

（2），表因果关系的连接词：therefore, so, as a result, as the result of, because of, due to, owing to, thanks to等。

（3），表时间顺序的连接词：the moment, as soon as, at first, then, later, meanwhile, at the beginning, in the end, before long, for the first time, the minute.

（4），表转折关系的连接词：yet, and yet, but, while, on the contrary, on the other hand, however, at the same time（然而）等。

（5），表解释说明的连接词：that is, that is to say, in other words, such as, for example, for instance, and so on, etc, and the like, and what not等。

（6），表递进关系的连接词：not only…but (also), what’s more, what’s worse, besides, in addition, worse still, moreover, above all等。

（7），表总结的连接词：in a word, on the whole, in short, briefly, in brief, to sum up, in all等

1)表层次:

first,firstly, to begin with, further, in the first place

second,secondly, to start with, still, furthermore

third,thirdly, what is more, last, last but not least

also, and then, next, besides

and equally important too moreover

besides in addtion finally

2)表转折；

by contrast although though yet

at the same time but despitethe fact that even so

in contrast nevertheless even though for all that

notwithstanding on the contarary however in spite of

on the other hand otherwise instead still

regardless

3)表因果；

therfore consequently because of for the reason

thus hence due to owing to

so accordingly thanks to on this account

since as on that account in this way

for as a result as a consequence

4）表让步：

still nevertheless concession granted naturally

in spite of all the same of course despite

even so after all

5)表递近：

furthermore moreover likewise what is more

besides also not only...but also...

too in addtion

6)表举例：

for example for instance for one thing that is

to illustrate as an illustration a case in point

7)表解释：

as a matter of fact frankly speaking in this case namely

in other words

8)表总结：

in summary in a word thus as has been said

in brief in conclusion altogether in other words

to conclude in fact finally in simpler terms

indeed in short in particular that is

in other words of course on the whole to put it differently

namely in all therefore to summarize