上海牛津小学英语语法知识总结

一般现在时

1、定义：表示经常发生或习惯性的动作、状态。句中通常有usually，often，every day，sometimes，always，at weekends，on Sundays等表示经常性时间的短语。 2、构成：

1）当谓语是be动词时，一般现在时的构成：主语＋be动词＋其他 如：I am a student. He is Jim’s father. They are from Japan. 2）当谓语是行为动词时，一般现在时的构成： ①主语（非第三人称单数）＋动词原形＋其他

如：I often watch TV at the weekends. ②主语（第三人称单数）＋动词的第三人称单数形式＋其他 如：Jim usually visits his grandparents on Sundays. 3、动词三单形式的变化规则：

一般情况下，直接加s 如：read-reads，swim-swims

以s，x，sh，ch，o结尾，加es 如：wash-washes，watch-watches，do-does 以辅音字母＋y结尾，变y为i，再加es 如：study-studies，fly-flies 不规则变化 如：have-has 4、一般现在时的句型转换： 肯定句

They watch TV every day. She watches TV every day. 现在进行时

1、定义：表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作。句中常有now，look，listen等词。 如：I am washing clothes now. Look! Liu Tao is climbing the tree.

否定句

They don’t watch TV every day.

She doesn’t watch TV every day.

一般疑问句及回答

—Do they watch TV every day? —Yes, they do. / No, they don’t. — Does she watch TV every day? —Yes, she does. / No, she doesn’t.

Listen! Jane is singing in the music room.

2、构成：be动词（am/is/are）+ 动词现在分词（V-ing） 3、动词现在分词构成：

一般是在动词原形后加ing

如：read-reading，drink-drinking，eat-eating，look-looking

以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e，再加ing

如：write-writing，make-making，ride-riding，take-taking

以重读闭音节结尾，如末尾只有一个辅音字母，要双写这个字母，再加ing

如：sit-sitting，swim-swimming，put-putting，run-running，stop-stopping，get-getting，begin-beginning，jog-jogging，forget-forgetting

4、动名词其实就是动词的现在分词，它既有名词性质（可作主语），又有动词性质（可带宾语）。 如：Asking the way

My hobby is collecting stamps. He is good at skating. 5、现在进行时的句型转换： 肯定句

He is running now.

否定句

He isn’t running now.

一般疑问句及回答

—Is he running now?

—Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t. — Are they making a puppet?

—Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t.

They are making a puppet. 一般过去时

They aren’t making a puppet.

1、定义：表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：a moment ago，just now，yesterday，last week，this morning等。 如：My brother often went to school by bike last term.

2、构成：主语＋动词的过去式＋其他 3、动词过去式的变化规则：

一般在动词原形末尾加ed 如：play-played，listen-listened，look-looked 结尾是e的动词，加d 如：live-lived，like-liked，taste-tasted

辅音字母＋y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加ed 如：study-studied，carry-carried，cry-cried

末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，双写这个辅音字母，再加ed 如：stop-stopped，plan-planned 不规则变化 如：

am/is-was are-were have/has-had do-did go-went sit-sat tell-told see-saw get-got make-made give-gave read-read buy-bought come-came draw-drew eat-ate fly-flew meet-met put-put run-ran say-said sing-sang swim-swam take-took 4、一般过去时的句型转换 肯定句

He watched TV yesterday.

否定句

一般疑问句及回答

—Did he watch TV yesterday?

He didn’t watch TV yesterday.

—Yes, he did. / No, he didn’t.

— Did they play games just now? —Yes, they did. / No, they didn’t.

They didn’t play games just

They played games just now.

now.

一般将来时

1、定义：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，以及打算、计划或准备某事。句中一般含有表示将来的时间状语，如：tomorrow morning，next week，this afternoon等表示将来的时间状语。

2、构成：

① be gong to +动词原形

如：I am going to see a Beijing opera tomorrow.

We are going to meet at bus stop at half past ten.

Dad and I are going to see a Beijing opera this afternoon.

② will +动词原形

如：They will go swimming this afternoon.

3、be going to 和will 区别：

① be going to表示经过事先安排、打算或决定要做的事情，基本上一定会发生；will则表示有可能去做，但

不一定发生，也常表示说话人的临时决定。

如：I am going to take part in a party this evening.

They are cleaning the library now. I’ll go and join them.

②be going to表示近期或眼下就要发生的事情；will表示的将来时间则较远一些。如：He is going to write a letter tomorrow. I will meet her one day.

③ be going to还可以用来表示有迹象表明某件事将要发生，常用于天气等自然现象。如：Look! It’s going to rain.

4、一般将来时句型转换： 肯定句

否定句

一般疑问句及回答

—Is she going to have a picnic tomorrow?

—Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t. —Will they go swimming this afternoon?

—Yes, they will. / No, they won’t.

She is going to have a picnic She isn’t going to have a tomorrow. picnic tomorrow.

They will go swimming this afternoon. They will not(won’t) go swimming this afternoon.

句法 1、陈述句

说明事实或陈述说话人观点的句子。基本结构：主语＋谓语＋其他 1）肯定陈述句 We all like pandas very much.

2）否定陈述句 He doesn’t do housework at weekends

3）肯定陈述句改否定陈述句

①一般是在be动词或情态动词后加not。

Mary was at school yesterday. —> Mary was not at school yesterday. I can make a model plane. —>I can not make a model plane.

②不含be动词或情态动词的，行为动词前要用助动词的否定式（don’t，doesn’t，didn’t），后面跟动词的原形。

He likes drawing pictures.—>He doesn’t like drawing pictures.

I went to the park yesterday. —>I didn’t go to the park yesterday.

4）陈述句改一般疑问句

①有be动词或情态动词的，把be动词或情态动词提前。

Mary was at school yesterday. —> Was Mary at school yesterday? I can make a model plane. —> Can you make a model plane? ②不含be动词或情态动词的句子，借助助动词开头，动词还原成原形。

He likes drawing pictures.—>Does he like drawing pictures.

I went to the park yesterday. —>Did you go to the park yesterday?

2、疑问句

用来提出问题，询问情况的句子，末尾用问号。

1）一般疑问句：一般疑问句常用来询问一件事是否属实，通常以be动词，助动词或情态动词开头，用yes或no来回答，因此又叫是非疑问句，通常读升调。

—Is Mr Green from the UK? —Yes，he is. / No，he isn’t.

—Do you have any hobbies? —Yes，I do. / No，I don’t. —Can you play the guitar? —Yes，I can. / No，I can’t.

2）特殊疑问句：以特殊疑问词引导，要求回答具体问题，不能用yes或no来回答。—How do you go to work every day? —I go to work by car.

3）选择疑问句：提供两种或两种以上情况，让对方选择，往往用or连接。 —Would you like some tea or coffee? —Some coffee, please.

4）反意疑问句：反意疑问句是由陈述句和附在其后的附加疑问句组成。 —It’s a fine day, isn’t it? — Yes ,it is.

3、祈使句

表示请求或命令别人做某事或不做某事。 1）用于第二人称，通常省略you。

①肯定祈使句：Open the door, please. ②否定祈使句：Don’t be late again.

2）用于第一人称和第三人称，通常以let（let后跟宾格）或shall开头。 Let me have a look. Let’s play a game now. Let him go home now. Shall we meet at one thirty in front of the Garden Theatre?

4、感叹句

表达喜怒哀乐等强烈感情，句尾常用感叹号（!），语气用降调。 1）what + 名词或名词性短语

What a big garden (it is)!

What an interesting storybook (it is) ! What lovely weather (it is)! What pretty girls (they are)!

2）how +形容词或副词＋主语＋动词

How nice!

How beautiful the flowers are! How tall Yao Ming is!

5、there be 句型 表示在某地有某人或某物。

1）主语是单数，be动词用is(was)；主语是复数，be动词用are(were)。 There is some milk in the fridge.

There are some peaches in the basket.

2）如果有几个不同的人或物并列存在，be动词根据最靠近的那个名词而定。 There isThere are

3）there be句型和have/has区别： there be句型表示某地有某人或某物；

have/has表示某人有某物。has用于第三人称单数，其余人称和数用have。 There are some English books on the desk. I have some English books.

 

第二篇：小学英语语法总结

1.人称代词

主格： I we you she he it they

宾格： me us you her him it them

形容词性物主代词：my our your her his its their

名词性物主代词： mine ours yours hers his its theirs

2.形容词和副词的比较级

(1) 一般在形容词或副词后+er

older taller longer stronger, etc

(2) 多音节词前+more

more interesting, etc.

(3) 双写最后一个字母，再+er

bigger fatter, etc.

(4) 把y变i，再+er

heavier, earlier

(5) 不规则变化：

well-better, much/many-more, etc.

3.可数词的复数形式

Most nouns + s a book –books

Nouns ending in a consonant +y - y+ ies a story—stories

Nouns ending in s, sh, ch or x + es a glass—glasses a watch-watches Nouns ending in o +s or +es a piano—pianos a mango—mangoes Nouns ending in f or fe - f or fe +ves a knife –knives a shelf-shelves

4.不可数名词(单复数形式不变)

bread, rice, water ,juice etc.

5. 缩略形式

I’m = I am you’re = you are she’s = she is he’s = he is

it’s = it is who’s =who is can’t =can not isn’t=is not etc

6.冠词 a/an

a book, a peach

an egg an hour

7.位置 Preposition:

on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.

表示时间： at six o’clock, at Christmas, at breakfast

on Monday on 15th July On National Day

in the evening in December in winter

8. 基数词和序数词

one – first two-second twenty-twentieth

9. Some /any

I have some toys in my bedroom.

Do you have any brothers or sisters?

10. be 动词

(1) Basic form: am/are/is

(2) 肯定和否定句 I am(not) from London.

My eyes are(not) small.

My hair is(not) long.

（3）一般疑问句： Am I a Chniese? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t. Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.

Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.

11. there be 结构

肯定句： There is a …

There are …

一般疑问句:Is there …? Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t.

Are there…? Yes, there are. /No, there aren’t.

否定句： There isn’t …. There aren’t….

12. 祈使句

Sit down please

Don’t sit down, please.

13. 现在进行时.通常用“now”.

形式： be + verb +ing

eg: I am(not) doing my homework.

You/We/They are(not) reading.

He/She/It is(not) eating.

动词 —ing 的形式

Most verbs +ing walk—walking

Verbs ending in e -e + ing come—coming

Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant run –running swim—swimming 14 一般现在时。通常用 ―usually, often, every day, sometimes‖。 形式：

肯定句：

I go to school on foot every day.

She goes to school on foot every day.

一般疑问句:

Do you jump high? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.

Does he jump high? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.

否定句： We don’t go to school on Sundays.

My mother doesn’t like watching TV in the evening.

15. (情态)动词can,must, should 后面直接用动词原形。

eg:

1. I / He / She / They can sing.

2．You should keep quiet in the library.

16. 一般过去时态

（a） be 动词的过去式:

I/He/she/it was(not)…. You/we/they were….

一般疑问句was, were 放在句首。

（b） 动词过去式：

肯定句： I watched cartoons.

She visited the zoo.

一般疑问句： Did you read book last night? Yes, I did. No, I didn’t. Did she clean the desk just now? Yes, she did. No, she didn’t. 否定句： They didn’t go the the part yesterday.

He didn’t make model ships last week.

(3)动词过去式的变化：

规则动词的变化：

Most verbs +ed eg. planted,watered,climbed。

Verbs ending in e +d eg liked。

Verbs ending in a consonant +y --y +ied eg : study—studied

Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant eg: stop --stopped 不规则动词的变化：

is/am—was,are—were,do—did,have/has—had,make—made,fly-flew/u:/ eat—ate,take—took,run—ran,sing—sang,drink—drank 等等

17. “Wh-” questions.

What are you doing?

What colour is it?

What time is it? What’s the time?

Which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one? Who’s the man with a big nose?

Whose bag is it?

When is your birthday?

Where is my ball pen?

Why do you like summer?

How many books are there in the school bag? How old is the young man?

How much is the toy bear?

How do you go to school every day?

What are you doing?

What colour is it?

What time is it? What’s the time?

Which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one? Who’s the man with a big nose?

Whose bag is it?

When is your birthday?

Where is my ball pen?

Why do you like summer?

How many books are there in the school bag? How old is the young man?

How much is the toy bear?

How do you go to school every day?