野性的呼唤《读后感》

返回目录 发布时间：2008-4-7 16:53:02 分类：外语系 已经阅读2233次 作者:刘新燕 来源:英语系

《野性的呼唤》（The Call of The Wild）读后感

作者杰克·伦敦（Jack London 1876-1916），是二十世纪初美国著名的现实主义作家。他生于旧金山一个贫苦的农民家庭，从小参加体力劳动，受尽生活的折磨。十岁时，他一边读书，一边卖报，每天早晨三点钟就起床分送报纸。后来，他又做过童工、工人和水手，也当过劫取牡蛎的“蚝贼”。1893年美国发生了严重的经济危机，杰克·伦敦参加了失业工人大军组织的“饥饿进军”，一度沦为以乞讨为生的流浪汉，曾以“无业游民”的罪名被捕。1897年，他怀着巨大的希望到北方阿拉斯加地区去淘金，结果一粒金子也没有淘到，却得了坏血症，于次年两手空空地回到家中。此后，他开始了文学创作的生涯，并于19xx年发表通称为“北方故事”的系列小说。

来自社会底层的杰克·伦敦对生活在“资本主义文明的垃圾堆上”的悲惨处境有着深切的体会。他在十六年创作生涯中留下了近50部著作，其中长篇小说19部。小说《荒野的呼唤》《热爱生命》等则充满了生命意志的力量和野性的美。成名后的杰克·伦敦追求物质享受，四十岁时在精神极度空虚和悲观失望中自杀身亡。

一、小说主要内容及情节

《野性的呼唤》是杰克·伦敦的成名作，19xx年出版。小说的主人公是一条狗，名叫巴克。整个故事以阿拉斯加淘金热为背景，讲述了在北方险恶的环境下，巴克为了生存，如何从一条驯化的南方狗发展到似狗非狗、似狼非狼的野蛮状态的过程。巴克是一条硕大无比的杂交狗，它被人从南方主人家偷出来并卖掉，几经周折后开始踏上淘金的道路，成为一条拉雪橇的苦役犬。在残酷的驯服过程中，它意识到了公正与自然的法则；恶劣的生存环境让它懂得了狡猾与欺诈，后来它自己将狡猾与欺诈发挥到了让人望尘莫及的地步。经过残酷的、你死我活的斗争，它最后终于确立了领头狗的地位。在艰辛的拉雪橇途中，主人几经调换，巴克与最后的一位主人桑顿结下了难分难舍的深情厚谊。这位主人曾将他从极端繁重的苦役中解救出来，而它又多次营救了它的主人。最后，在它热爱的主人惨遭不幸后，它便走向了荒野，响应它这一路上多次聆听到的、非常向往的那种野性的呼唤，并且成为了狼群之首。

虽然巴克只是一条狗，但是它艰苦卓绝的生存道路，反映了作家所生活的时代中的个人奋斗的真谛。这也是当时处于尔虞我诈的资本主义发展时期的美国社会所盛行的自然主义思潮的一种反映。它反映了达尔文的自然环境下“适者生存”的自然选择思想以及斯宾塞的社会进化论中的社会选择观。作者向我们揭示，在生存的道路上，在险恶的自然与社会环境下，只有精英与超人（如小说中的巴克那样的物种）才有生存的可能。

二、小说的艺术价值

(一)巴克的多重性格分析

（1）富有抗争精神，适者生存的强者

在法官家，面对训狗人，听命棍棒法则却并未被驯服；去道森的旅途中，预知危险却宁死不屈；在第二章中，为躲避严寒，巴克学会了挖雪洞栖身；为填饱肚子甚至学会了偷盗。正如作者所描述的一样，这次偷盗行为就显示了巴克适宜于在充满敌意

的北国环境里活命，也显示了他的适应性以及适应变幻无常环境的能力。

（2）对新生活的向往者和渴望者

巴克从阳光明媚的南方来到了冰天雪地的北方，投入了远离人类文明的原始荒原。它很快适应了北国富于挑战性的生活并且喜欢上了那里。书中描述它追逐雪兔的一幕写得异常精彩，充满了力量和生气。这种自然界生命的追逐是那么的自然和壮观，体现了个体的智慧和能力，是一种健康向上的精神，令人感动。因此，桑顿死后，巴克就毫不犹豫地响应了森林里新生活的召唤，回到充满神秘与冒险的自由的丛林，这体现了它对新生活的向往。

（3）凶残狡诈的统治者

巴克的狗性在书中得到了淋漓尽致的刻画。它不仅勇猛、凶残，而且狡猾奸诈。它想象力丰富，善于耍心眼，施诡计，为达到目的不择手段。它极具领导才能，打败原来的领头狗斯匹兹，对以后的狗群进行整顿，并且由他率领的狗队多次破记录。

（4）充满爱意，富有激情的献身者

当桑顿把它从棍棒中救出来，并像孩子般照料它时，它表现出对桑顿义不容辞的责任和爱以及忠诚。

（二）主题的多重性分析

（1）回归自然

故事情节中作者运用大量的笔墨描写美国北部冰天雪地的原始荒野，并安排巴克最终响应荒野的呼唤回归荒野，充分体现了作品“回归自然”的思想。

（2）强者生存原则

巴克作为强者得以生存的形象，深刻地反映了作家受达尔文“适者生存”理论的影响。（适者形象：迅速适应环境的能力；强者形象：开篇巴克就以统治者的形象出现，到北国后又以非凡的智慧和才干取得领头狗的位置，和表示对桑顿的爱时所表现出来的巨大的力量，这些都无一例外地表明了巴克是一个强者。）

（3）抗争精神

小说里充满了斗争。为了生存，巴克一直与恶劣的自然环境作斗争。作为外来户备受欺凌，却勇敢地投入数不胜数、血淋淋的拼杀；与饥饿的爱斯基摩狗之间的厮杀；与狗队内部间的斗殴；与斯匹兹争夺领导权的生死决战；加入狼群时与狼群的恶战。巴克逐渐从弱到强，从强到同类之冠，它不畏强暴、百折不挠的抗争精神得到了最生动的刻画。美国的评论家玛丽·艾伦（Mary Allen）甚至将巴克称作“典型的美国拓荒英雄”。

在《野性的呼唤》中，我们发现狗与人之间关系的变化是随着人对待狗的态度的变化而贯穿整个故事始终的。但综观巴克的一生，它自始至终都没有得到过人类平等的尊重和爱。作家正是通过狗来折射人类的生活和行为，通过人对狗的善恶来揭示人性的美丑。作品表面是动物的悲鸣，实质是人性的呼喊，蕴含着人与动物之间的深情。

这部小说主题的多重性使作品的意义深邃丰富，耐人寻味。它能让读者欣赏到动物的可爱，动物与人之间的深情，又可以品味社会的黑暗，人性的复杂，领略其深刻的思想内涵和不朽的艺术魅力。

 

第二篇：野性的呼唤 读后感 英文

A lost world of life

—— About The Call of the Wild

Could you remember the excerpt of The Call of the Wild in our Extensive Reading I? Could you still remember the plot? Do you know where the call is from? That’s the very beginning of the Call of the Wild.

I choose this book for two reasons, that the beginning attracts me and that I once read a book about wolf family of three generations, which is an interesting story about the nature.

About the author, Jack London (Jan 12, 1876—Nov 22, 1916)

Jack London (1876-1916) is an American worldwide renowned novelist, journalist and social activist. His representative works include the Call of the Wild, Martin Eden, Son of the Wolf, White Fang, etc.

He is said to be a natural child. In 1889, he began working 12 to 18 hours for a day at Hickmott’s Cannery. In 1894, he spent 30 days for vagrancy in the Erie County Penitentiary at Buffalo. After many experiences as a hobo and a sailor, he returned to Oakland and attended Oakland High School. He contributed a number of articles to the high school's magazine. His first published work was an account of his sailing experiences.

His novels successfully reflect the contradictory views of man’s nature and destiny in and against the wild.

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The Call of the Wild (1903)

The Call of the Wild is London’s most-read book, and generally considered his best, the most masterpiece of his so-called “early period”. The story was set in 19th-century Klondike Gold Rush, in which sled dogs were bought at generous prices.

Buck was a domestic dog in Judge Miller’s home and living a comfortable life until he was sold secretly by the poor gardener and became a sled dog. Buck was a Bernard dog weighed one hundred and forty pounds, tall, strong, and heavy muscled. He couldn’t accommodate to the harsh condition at first. And he wanted to fight, to escape, to go back to his cozy home, but in vain.

The man in red taught him the law of stick and club—one must first adjust himself to his surroundings and learn the rules, and only after that he can do what he wants to do. The club of the man in red called back Buck’s nature as a dog.

When he firstly served for Fran?ois and Perrault, two couriers, he showed his superior ability to adapt to the environment and his smartness to learn everything he wanted to learn. Curly’s death astonished him and taught him to be cautious. And before he had recovered from the shock caused by the tragic passing of Curly, he was harnessed as a sled dog and step by step wanted to be the leader. But the leading dog, Spitz, was 2

already an excellent one, who also considered Buck as enemy and potential competitor. At last, when Spitz once punished him, hurling backward Buck, he knew the time had come. He killed Spitz and took his place.

When they pulled into Dawson, Buck was sold as useless thing to three gold diggers, who weren’t veteran in sledding and even didn’t know how to get to their destination. Food was eaten up half way. So Charles, one of the three, decided to kill Buck when he couldn’t get up. However, when he aimed at Buck, John Thornton sprang upon him, knocked him down and told him that if Charles stroke Buck, Thornton would kill him.

Thus, Thornton took Buck away. He was the only true friend of Buck. But Buck was a thing of the wild, especially when the calling of wolf from the hills. Once when he came back from hills, he found that Thornton was killed by Indians. What would you do if you were Buck when your beloved friend was killed? Buck became a nut and killed those headsmen and stayed with Thornton for two days and nights, never leaving Thornton out of his sight. And then a nearby wolf howl captures his ears, and he follows the sound to an approaching wolf pack, battling several of these creatures to prove his worth.

Beautiful Language

It was beautiful spring weather, but neither dogs nor humans were aware of it. Each day the sun rose earlier and set later. It was dawn by three 3

in the morning, and twilight lingered till nine at night. The whole long day was a blaze of sunshine. The ghostly winter silence had given way to the great spring murmur of awakening life. This murmur arose from all the land, fraught with the joy of living. It came from the things that lived and moved again, things which had been as dead and which had not moved during the long months of frost. The sap was rising in the pines. The willows and aspens were bursting out in young buds. Shrubs and vines were putting on fresh garbs of green. Crickets sang in the nights, and in the days all manner of creeping, crawling things rustled forth into the sun. Partridges and woodpeckers were booming and knocking in the forest. Squirrels were chattering, birds singing, and overhead honked the wild-fowl driving up from the south in cunning wedges that split the air. (Chapter V the Toil of Trace and Trail)

He was beaten (he knew that); but he was not broken. He saw, once for all, that he stood no chance against a man with a club. He had learned the lesson, and in all his after life he never forgot it. (Chapter I into the Primitive)

His cunning was wolf cunning, and wild cunning; his intelligence, shepherd intelligence and St. Bernard intelligence; and all this, plus an experience gained in the fiercest of schools, made him as formidable a creature as any that intelligence roamed the wild. (Chapter VII the Sounding of the Call)

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My understanding

Buck is a cruel, cunning and intelligent image in the Call of the Wild. He killed Spitz to take the leadership, learned apace to sleep under snow and learned fast to steal food without being punished. But in my opinion, Buck in the wild, just as a man in the society, must do what he had done for survival. Jack London compared human to Buck and told us that we must adapt ourselves to the society——learning the rules, learning the necessary knowledge and keeping forging ahead, otherwise we’ll lag behind and be obsolete. That is the life.

The Call of the Wild conjures up a lost world, filled with people and place names that were so common at the turn of the twentieth century, but which have since faded away into history, lost and forgotten. It is by reading Buck's story that one can once more remember life as it was, digging up this hidden wealth from deep caves of time.

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