读《百年孤独》小感

坦白说这是我近几年来花最多时间去读的一本书，近两个月的时间--回肠荡气、满腹沉重、欲罢不能。知道自己才疏学浅，为这样的小说写笔记不免有些班门弄斧的嫌疑，但是不写实在是对不住我两个月读了这样一本好书，好在笔记只是自己的笔记而已。喜欢这本书的，看过了就过了，没有读过且不敢兴趣的，暂且就此止步就是。

首先我是习惯了从序开始读一本书的，如果我没有记错这是我读到过的没有序的第二本，没有序意味着作者没有引导，全凭没人认自己的理解去理解小说，心里有些忐忑，但是冲着这个名字，冲着这部小说的噱头还是决定一读。

很多评论家说这是一部巨著，是拉丁美洲百年历程的一部缩影 。巨著？当仁不让，缩影？我不太了解拉美的历史，除了某些发展史可以类比，更多的不带那么悲怆吧？前50页--几乎实在翻来覆去的折腾中读下来的，布恩迪亚家族那类似得不能再类似得名字折腾得我晕头转向，50页几乎花去我整整一天的时间，很多时候看半页就得回味一下这个人是谁，更多时候只得翻看前面才能分辨。然而那紧凑得让人窒息的故事情节又容不得有你在情绪上有半点怠慢。

读到三分之一带点魔幻味道的情节虽然是吊足了我的胃口，但是我又开始迟疑这个“百年孤独”，百年可以想见、孤独在什么地方？在这吵吵嚷嚷颇是不平凡的一家谁的身上体现？读到奥雷里亚诺开始策动战争，我心想大抵接下来的故事情节会和《Gone with the wind》相类似，靠着战争背景完成这部名著。但是越读到后面我越对自己世俗的看待加西亚马尔克斯的态度感到鄙夷。对我而言这本书的思想境界远远不是《Gone with the wind》能够企及的，喜欢《Gone with the wind》的勿喷口水、我也很喜欢白瑞德，但个人欣赏口味不同我也只是从自己的喜好出发。况且玛格丽特·米切尔也没有因此就问鼎诺贝尔，如果不是早亡可能她下一部会比这部好吧！ （注：英语很差，之所以用《Gone with the wind》是觉得《飘》景观翻译得很惊艳了，但还是不能具备这个名字的意境美）。言归正传，对于加西亚马尔克斯 1

而言战争只是他要叙述的历史中的惊鸿一瞥，故事还是在时间的长河里不由个人意志转移的紧张继续。

读到一半。特别是当小说初初伏笔渐闲，整个故事的脉络和主旨才开始初见端倪，庇拉尔特尔内拉这个这个见证6代布恩迪亚家族历史的老人、已经洞悉这个家族发展脉络的局外人知情，神采熠熠的告诉第六代奥雷里亚诺看清了这个家族的发展脉络微笑着对他说“无论她现在在哪里，她都在等着你”证实这个家族的历史不过是一系列无可改变的重复。你会发现这一切是如此的荒诞不经而又丝毫不能挣脱彼此的命数。

另外有一点和大家共勉，初读这本书，总有一种似曾相识之感，越写笔记这种感受越加明显，直到写完这篇读书笔记才重新回来加上这一小段，这种熟悉来自于大家最熟悉的小说《红楼梦》，曹雪芹要是活在当代也是能得诺贝尔的吧？二者都是描写家族历史的，不一样的是《红楼梦》构筑了一个无比巨大的社会关系网，而《百年孤独》没有这个社会关系网，孤独于这个社会生存，这正是百年孤独的孤独来由，如果《红楼梦》是从社会轴向来解析这个家族的兴衰成败，那么《百年孤独》就是从时间轴来解读这个家族每一代人，每一个人类似得命运。同样，二者都有一种贯穿始终的预示《红楼梦》是贾宝玉的红楼一梦，《百年孤独》是墨尔基阿德斯的羊皮卷。伟大的各有各的伟大，不幸的作品大多相似吧。

一部《百年孤独》是一本人类心灵孤独的苦难史。人类从清澈透明的原始状态，在可见的最表层得到进化（文化）和发展，但是，在心灵的深处，人们永远处于苦难状态。这正如马贡多的历史一样，无论他们从多么原始的透明或者多么神秘的鸿荒，经过无数的战乱争纷，步履沉重地推动历史的车轮不断前进，但是，马贡多的面纱依然神秘，布雷地亚家族也依然孤独。

再从它的结构来看，这是一个建立在过去、现在和将来重复循环的象征框架中的现代神话。时间的轮回重复，这个家族每一代成员名字的类似，命运的类似都使小说隐含了无数大大小小的循环怪圈，能够脱离这个怪圈的人要么和这个家无关，要么早死、要么在众目睽睽之下升天，最显著的就是雷梅黛丝，两代雷梅黛丝对于这个家族来说都是游离于家族之外的局外人， 2

他们注定不属于这个家族家族.布恩迪亚家族循环往复悲怆命运也不会将领于她们之上。而其他的家族成员无非是孤独的坚守着这一生，这个家族中第一代何塞·阿卡迪奥·布恩迪亚后半生在小屋里制作小金鱼，这个过程日复一日、年复一年地被重复着。第6代奥雷良诺上校晚年不停地缝制裹尸布，第4代奥雷良诺第二反复地修理门窗，雷梅苔丝每天都花许多时间洗澡，等等，这些人的行为都与制作小金鱼相似，每人都处在过去、现在与将来的重复之中，各自的行为又互成对照，互成循环，构成了一系列大大小小的循环怪圈。小说中的人物姓名与秉性也是循环往复的。布恩迪亚家族中的男性，始终是阿卡迪亚与奥雷良诺的重复或相加，秉性也依次延续，其中隐含的也是时间上的轮回重复。小说中家族里活得最长久的乌苏拉，阅尽了布恩迪亚家族的盛衰演变，特别是在她失明之后依旧能够如看得见一般，无非是因为，在她眼里，一切都无非是过去的重复，她惊呼时间在打圈圈，因而她以后永远沉湎于对过去的回忆之中。她的这种始终如一的对过去的追怀，也是一种时间的重复与轮回。即便是从家族之前第一个乱伦产物“猪尾巴”的人到最后一个乱伦产物“猪尾巴”被蚂蚁吃掉的女婴也不过是循环到了起点。 深层次的原因我解释不好，可是我在百度上搜到的一篇是这样叙述的“如果说历史是一个大循环圈的话，那么，某一时期的现实社会则是依附于大循环圈中的小圈。似乎是冥冥之中的神秘力量决定的，布恩迪亚家族的结局，一开始就在吉卜赛人墨尔基阿德斯的羊皮密码中预示了，因此，无论这个家族中的成员如何苦苦挣扎，终究逃脱不了衰亡的命运。一百年的兴盛衰败史，更是一百年的时间打圈圈的历史。这冥冥之中的神秘力量是什么呢?从作品的具体描述中可以看到，那就是文明程度的低下，政治上的麻木不仁，经济上的贫困落后，思想观念上的保守陈腐。远离科学与文明，自然是使马贡多人百年依旧的内在驱动力。远离科学与文明，自然是使马贡多人百年依旧的内在驱动力。马贡多社会政治的昏聩，是使马贡多陷于轮回重复的第二重内驱力。经济上的贫困是使马贡多停滞不前的第三重内驱力。 面对种种落后与愚昧的现实，马贡多人不是面向过去，追怀昔时的宁静与淡泊，就是关在小屋里，重复循环着一件事，他们没有能力、也没有自觉的行动走向未来。这种保守封闭的思想观念是是使马贡多陷于重复轮回的第四重内驱力。” 3

这篇评论写的很好，不似我只是浅显停留于表面，他说“19世纪末20世纪初以来的哥伦比亚以及整个拉美的社会发展，正像马贡多的历史进程一样是停滞的和孤独的，是一种过去、现在和未来的循环往复。拉丁美洲是世界上开发最晚的地区之一，哥伦比亚近百年来始终处于封闭、落后、贫困和保守的“孤独”境地。所以，《百年孤独》中的大大小小的循环怪圈，象征了哥伦比亚甚至整个拉美的社会现实。漫长的战争，无休止的党派之争，残酷的资本主义入侵，封建统治下的专制愚昧，构成了二十多个国家的百年沧桑。荒谬的时间循环观念，正是拉美落后的民族精神的体现：逃避现实，眷恋过去，抱残守缺，民族压迫越重，恋旧情绪愈浓。这种落后的民族精神与心理的恶性循环，正是拉美社会进步缓慢的内在原因。所以，《百年孤独》这个魔幻的世界蕴含了深刻的真实性与现实性，这体现了魔幻现实主义文学既有神奇性又有现实性的基本特征。”我无法有这样精辟且客观深入的总结，我姑且就把这段粘贴下来作为这篇巨著之若以为巨著的对自己的教科书吧。

孤独是人性中最瑰丽的色彩，星索是夜空中永恒的诗；《百年孤独》的成功之处在于，他艺术而有力地展现了贯穿于整个人类心灵史的深刻而瑰丽的孤独感。

当天空静下来的时候，星索才是空中一篇美丽的诗，有时间多去旅旅游，去外面走走，顺便谈谈感情，好让自己忙起来，这样我们就可以摆脱所谓的孤独带来的伤害，一个人胡思乱想是没有多少意义的，面向尘世也好，面向个人的编织华丽的草棚也好，只不过我们都是想办法让自己和身边的人过得更好些，如果你不能让身边的大多数事物喜欢你，那你的独特的人格也是没有意义的，我本着朴素的心，想着怎么描绘朴素的事物，还是很开心，但是我就是很希望有人能写本类似《百年孤独》的美丽的书

在我看来，布雷地亚家族在用孤独来对抗时间，他们每一代的生活，姓名，性格都惊人的相似。时间对他们来说仿佛不存在，或者说，时间都在转圈圈。可是，时间并不是我们想忽视它就不存在，相反，它无所不在。所以， 4

布雷地亚家族失败了，这个家族将永不出现了。

但是时间并不可怕，因为我们拥有孤独，我们让孤独流淌在时间中。

小说所展示的，是一个建立在过去、现在和将来重复循环的象征框架中的现代神话。时间的轮回重复，使小说隐含了无数大大小小的循环怪圈，所有的人与事都镶嵌于这些怪圈中，小说也就成了一个魔幻的世界。

然而，小说的一切悲惨结局皆源于马孔多居民的落后、愚昧。他们不是面向过去，追怀昔日的宁静与淡薄，就是关在小屋里，沉湎于毫无意义的“制小金鱼”、“织裹尸布”“修破门窗”“洗澡”等等。因此，他们只能等待着“猪尾巴”的重现。

所以，人呢，应不断的去“文明”自己！

在人类走向深渊的那一天,我们最后的子孙在最后一刻会明白: 一切会随风而逝,无影无踪,而我们只是“没有意义”的代名词

也许有人看不懂这本书，因为这不仅需要文学素养，还需要对拉丁美洲历史得了解。看似荒诞的一个家族其实正折射出了拉丁美洲的历史。这一个家族的孤独与苦难也正是拉丁美洲人民的病苦与血泪。当你真正了解那一段历史，你会发现《百年孤独》是一本透过哈哈镜的折射的南美洲史诗，他所揭出的不是单纯的生活，而是表层下面一些更深刻的东西，不被理解的人，无法联合的力量。这种孤僻贯穿了这本书。正如书中最后所说，“遭受百年孤独的家族注定不会在大地上出现第二次了。”这正是作者对自己的出生地的希望或应说是绝望。

这也是一部极具现实批判意义的小说。作者把时间写的很混乱，让读者从一个个的片段里找寻故事的连接点。书的一开头就连用两个很多年，把读 5

者拉到沉重的历史面前。让人看书的心情变得沉重。我不知道作者描写布恩地亚家族的时候有没有一丝同情。我看这一切的时候只替他们感到可悲。他们七代人没有一个人懂得爱，最后好不容易有了一个爱的结晶，却是整个家族毁灭的开始。作者在书中作了很多这样的描写。这些带有真实性的夸张，读来不免让人陷入深思。也就觉得作品充满了无限的凄凉。

“多年以后??当??准会??”这就是马尔克斯向我们展示的时间魔法。

他的小说，满足了我们永不餍足的想象需求；只有在他的小说里，我们才能体验到什么是现实、什么是幻想，什么高于现实也高于幻想。有时想象，如果生活真的如他所描写的一般，人类会不会活得更真实、更单纯、更可爱？

6

 

第二篇：《百年孤独》英语读后感

Book Review of the《One Hundred Years of Solitude》

For this month,I have been reading a famous book which is written by García Márquez,a famed Colombian writer who won the Nobel Prize in literature in 1982 because of his great and positive influence on the Latin

American literature circle.This book is called 《One Hundred Years of Solitude》which is in the style of magic realism,a writing skill combines the reality and fantasy.This book is so precious and worth-reading that people put it at the same position as the 《Don Quixote de la Mancha》（堂吉柯德）and regard the two as the best Spanish books in the whole history.

In order to know what the book tells and expresses roudly,I firstly read the Chinese version and then to the English version.I feel myself sagacious for I have done this.And before I come to write some of my thoughts,I have to say that this book is so complex that almost everyone called the same names and you can’t predict accurately anyone’s future because he might dies or be insane,or even has a sex with his aunt or his bigger brother’s mistress and then have a baby who will also be called the same name as the baby‘s father all of a sudden.But as you go on reading,because of the fancinating

expression,compact structure and fancy writing skill,you will be addicted to imgining all the characters in your mind and chat with them and then

gradually touch the deepest and softest part of their hearts to feel their eternal solitude.Surely you will feel sory to all of them and understand their crazy actions are all forced by the fearful solitude.

García Márquez makes up a town called Macondo and the protagonists——the Buendías,lives there for more than one hundred years.During this period,the Buendías goes from prosperity to decay and everyone dies with solitude.This family includes seven generations and everyone is willing to

adventure and full of passion,but they don’t like having a heart-to-heart talk and they release pressure only through sex .It is said that this book shows the sruggle and loneliness of Latin America and the Macondo Town is actually a epitome of Latin America.For a long time,people in Latin America constantly started the civil wars and fought with their compatriots and many of them are fooled by ridiculious religion,so that these areas are still poor and

underdeveloped and are like pathetic children abandoned by all other

countries.This is a country’s and history’s solitude.So this book gains a lot of admiration and agreement from the people of Latin America.And we

appreciate García Márquez for he gives us a way to know these people and strikes a chord with people from other underdeveloped country like us.

But actually for me,I can’t force myself to believe this book is a review or reminiscences of the 100-year history of Latin America.I prefer to regard it as an instructive and meaningful book which gives us guidance and warning to avoid being lonely and isolated.

When we probe into this book deeper and wonder why everyone lives so lamentably,we can see that it is not just because of the short of supplies or the lack of status and fame.If so,the book would not be praised but on the contrary it would be criticized to be superficial and na?ve.In fact, García Márquez points that the real solitude is from fate and death.It is just like

everyone called Aurelian in the Buendías are always composed and calm but in the end will all become callous and indifferenced to all other things.People who fight with fate and want to live another lives ,but finally fail look like flying leaves in the windy sky,which can’t control where to stop but move froward by the force of wind.Then you will feel nobody really knows you and your life is setted long time ago by the fate and the only thing you can do is to beobedient to it and try to admit that you can’t do anything,even to change a little.Is is real loneliness.When you feel you are separated from the outside world and your world only has youself,even though you are given plenty of money and luxury,you will not be happy and think you are rich.The solitude from the bottom of your heart will last forever and nothing that comes from material world can influence it.

I have seen many good-educated men work as civil servants,at first they have a lot of goals and they are full of energy to finish their tasks and try to achieve their dreams.But when they realise that the society has its rules and it is just like a game,in which you might win if you stay for a long time in a field to be a qualificated old man.They can’t accept the fact that your future is not gained by the struggle and hard work but your ages and the mood of your superior.When people can’t see their future,it is just like the fate fools them,and they might be depressed and indulge themselves.When people don’t know the way of their life,they will be surrounded bt the solitude.I

think it is why many civil servants think they live meaningless and want to quit.

In the meanwhile I read carefully and try to find the solution to this kind of solitude. And the answer that García Márquez gives is hiding among the

sentences.What I can only find is that the Buendías try to connect with outside world,they try to go through swamp but fail.And then the town doesn’t

contact other towns anymore.I think this is the point that to not be lonely,you should learn and know more knowledge and news.Maybe this is a little bit difficult.In short,if you are knowledgeable and have the desire to learn

more,you will not only get rid of solitude,but also gain respect and friendship.

If the Buendías continued to discover outside world,they would not be blind because of ignorant.So do we.

The real solitude is come from being fatuous.When you feel there is no more fun in the world and you can’t control yourself to be crazy to do ridiculous things,your will feel the solitude arising from the bottom of your heart. You are lack of the reverence for the world,so you look down upon

everything and do things at your will.But you know,the more you appear to be dissolute,the more lonely you will feel for yourself.

So maybe we should be friend with books and magazines.Try to know more about the things you don’t know but you should know or want to know.Try another way of doing one same thing and compare this two’s advantages and disadvantages.Think more often and find the truth.To be a child to wonder why wind blows,why birds fly and why sun rises.Everyday in your life will be a new and interesting day even if you don’t have any

fere.You will sleep and live with knowledge.In the meantime,when you have a husband or wife,the life can’t be more perfect!And if the nation contacts with others and does not close its windows through which it can see the whole world,it will never feel being lost by the world.On the contrary,it will hold its future tightly.

Do you want to get rid of solitude? García Márquez advises that you should be friend with knowledge.Why not try ?