小学语法经典总结---介词

介词

一、介词的概念:介词是用于名词或代词之前,来表示名词或代词与句子其他成分关系的次。介词后的名词或代词称为介词的宾语。介词不能单独作句子的成分, 介词和它的宾语一起构成介词短语才作句子的成分。如:I play soccer on Sunday.

二、常用介词的含义及其用法:

1. at: (1)表示位置,指在较小的地点。如:at home at school at the airport

(2)表示时刻,指在几点或几点几分。如:at seven/seven o’clock at seven thirty

2. in: (1)表示位置,指在……里面。如:in the desk in the classroom

(2)表示地点,指在较大的地方。如:in Beijing in Shanghai in China in Canada

(3)表示时间,指在一段时间里。如:in the morning/afternoon/afternoon in January, in spring/summer/fall/winter in 20xx in May, 20xx

(4)表示穿戴着……(服饰)。如:Do you know the girl in a red skirt?

(5)表示用某种语言。如:Can you speak it in English? What’s this in Chinese?

3. on: (1)表示位置,指在……的表面上。如:on the desk on the wall on the floor

(2)表示在星期几、在某个节日、具体的某一天或某一天的上午下午晚上。如: on Sunday on New Year’s Day on May 12th on Monday morning

4. of: 表示所属关系:……的。如:This is a picture of Danny.

5. by: 表示乘某种交通工具。如:by bus by bike by train by plane

6. to: 表示:去……; 到……; 向……。如:go to the park from Monday to Friday give sth. to sb show sth. to sb. bring sth. to sb. take sb. to…

7. for: 表示:给……; 为……; 到……的时间了。如(1)Please buy a new pen for me.

(2)This gift is for you. (3)I would like to eat some fish and rice for lunch. (4)Thank you for your help. (5)It’s time for school. (6)It’s time for bed.

8. with: 表示:和……一起; 用……(工具); 带着……。如:(1)Would you like to go shopping with me this afternoon. (2)Please write with your pen. (3)Danny played basketball with a ping-pong ball. (4)Danny ran fast with his kite.

9. from: 表示:来自……; 从……; 如: -Where are you from? -I’m from China. I go to school from Monday to Friday.

10. before: 表示:在……之前。如:I often brush my teeth before breakfast.

11. after: 表示:在……之后。如: Do you often watch TV after supper?

12. above: 表示:在……以上。如:There is a picture above the bed.

13. below: 表示:在……以下。如:The temprature is blew zero.

14. under: 表示:在……的下面。如:There is a ball under the bed.

15. in front of: 表示:在……的前面。如:There is a dog in front of the door.

16. behind: 表示:在……的后面。如:There is an umbrella behind the door.

17. beside: 表示:在……的旁边。如:Please sit down beside me.

18. near: 表示:在……的附近。如:My school is near my home.

19. between: 表示:在……和……之间。如:Danny is between Li Ming and Jenny.

20. along: 表示:沿着……。如:They are walking along the street.

21. like: 表示:像……。如:He looks like his father.

22. past: 表示:经过……(可指时间或地点)。如:ten past five(五点过十分)

介词专项练习题

一、用合适的介词填空:1. Jenny and I live ____ Canada .

2. Li Ming’s plane arrived ____ 5:00. 3. What’s ____ the bedroom?

the stove. the sink .

breakfast?

a chair. the couch.

the corner? Monday.

our house.

the bed. the picture.

the bed.(在旁边) January twenty-ninth.

Canada?

me is laughing.(在……后面)

the camera. 19. Let’s look ___the window.(里面)

20. You write an e-mail _____ a computer.

21. Where do you write on a postcard? ____the left.

the desk.(下面) the tree.

the net. a team.

28. Come ____ the pool and swim. 29. I will lie ____ the beach.

you. this red pen.

32. Please come ____ Christmas. Canada.

a camera. 35. It’s eleven hours ___Beijing.

二、根据提示完成句子:

. (在树上)

在公共汽车站)

3. Let’s put our gifts _____ .(在树下)

.(在太阳下)

在公园里(在夏天).

______(在一个雨天).

(旁边在草地上).

在天空中)

9. It’s a _____ .(一张世界地图)

(在一月x日)

 

第二篇:小学语法经典总结---动词

动 词

一、动词的概念:表示动作、状态、行为等的词叫动词。

二、动词的分类:英语中的动词分为连系动词、助动词、情态动词和行为动词(实义动词)四大类。

1. 连系动词:这类动词通常表示特征、情感、变化等的状态,不可单独作谓语, 必须和后面的表语一起构成系表结构,才能充当句子的谓语。常见的连系动词主要有:be(am, is, are), look(看起来), fell(感到), smell(闻起来), become(变成), get(变得)等。如:1. My father is a doctor. 2. The kite looks like a cat. 3. The hamburger smells very delicious. 4. It gets warmer and warmer in spring.

2. 助动词: 这类动词本身无意义,在句子中不能单独作谓语,需要和行为动词一起构成各种时态或语态,并帮助行为动词构成否定句或疑问句。

常见的助动词主要有:一般现在时态中的助动词有:do和does。如:(1) I don’t go to school on Saturday and Sunday. (2) She/He doesn’t go to school on Saturday and Sunday. (3) Do you go to school on Sunday? (4) Does she go to school on Sunday? (5) What do you do? (6)What does she/he do?

现在进行时态中的助动词有:be(am, is, are)。 如:(1) I am playing ping-pong now. (2) She/He is playing ping-pong now. (3)We are playing ping-pong now.

(4) I am not playing ping-pong now. (5) She/He isn’t playing ping-pong now. (6) We aren’t playing ping-pong now. (7) Are you playing ping-pong now? (8) Is she/he playing ping-pong now. (9) What are you doing now? (10) What is she/he doing?

一般将来时态中的助动词有:be going to结构中的be(am, is are), will和shall。如:(1) I am going to swim tomorrow. (2) She/He is going to swim tomorrow. (3) We are going to swim tomorrow. (4) I am not going to swim tomorrow. (5) She/He isn’t going to swim tomorrow. (6) We aren’t going to swim tomorrow. (7) Are you going to swim tomorrow? (8) Is she/he going to swim tomorrow? (9) What are you going to do tomorrow? (10) What is she/he going to do tomorrow? (11) I will swim tomorrow. (12) I will not swim tomorrow.

(13) Shall we swim tomorrow? (14) What will you do tomorrow?

一般过去时态中的助动词有:did. 如:(1) I didn’t go to school yesterday. (2) Did you go to school yesterday? (3) What did you do yeaterday?

3. 情态动词:这类动词表示说话人的语气和情态, 虽然他们有一定的词义,但是在句子中也不能单独作谓语,必须和动词原形一起构成谓语,变成否定句在他们后面加not, 变成疑问句把他们提到主语的前面。常见的情态动词有:can/could(能、会); may(可以); must(必须); will/would(愿意); shall/should(应该). 如:(1) I can play soccer. (2) May I help you? (3)You must do you homework now.

(4)Would you like to play with us? (5) We should not be late for school.

4. 行为动词(实义动词):这类动词表示动作或状态,具有实际的意义,能在句子中独立充当句子的谓语,也叫实义动词。如:say, sing, swim, help, want等。

三、动词的形式

绝大多数动词都有五种基本形式:动词原形、第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。

a. 行为动词的单数第三人称形式的变化规则:

1.一般情况下在动词后加s。如:look-looks, like-likes, live-lives, play-plays

2.以x,s, sh, ch, o结尾的动词后加es。如:pass-passes, wash-washes,

brush-brushes, watch-watches, catch-catches, teach-teaches, touch-touches, do-does, go-goes.

3.以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,把y改为i再加es。 如:fly-flies cry-cries

4.have的单数第三人称形式是has.

b. 行为动词的现在分词形式的变化规则:

1.一般情况下,直接在动词末尾加ing。如:look-looking, play-playing, sing-singing

2.以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing。如:make-making, leave-leaving, come-coming

3.末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节的动词,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如:run-running, stop-stopping, shop-shopping, swim-swimming, skip-skipping

4.以ie结尾的动词,把ie改为y再加ing。如:lie-lying

c. 行为动词的过去式的变化规则:

1.一般情况在动词末尾加-ed. 如:look-looked, miss-missed, play-played,

2.以e结尾的动词直接在词尾加d. 如:arrive-arrived,

3.末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节的动词,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped, shop-shopped

4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,变y为i,再加-ed,如:study-studied

d. 不规则的行为动词的过去式:(同学们要逐个记牢!)

1.完全不规则:am,is-was, are-were, do-did, go-went, see-saw, say-said, have-had, fly-flew, speak-spoke, buy-bought, bring-brought, think-thought, teach-taught, eat-ate, lie-lay, can-could, will-would, take-took.

2.改变其中的元、辅音字母:give-gave, get-got, forget-forgot, come-came, run-ran, sing-sang, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, ride-rode, swim-swam,shine-shone, grow-grew, find-found, win-won, lose-lost, make-made, know-knew.

3.原形和过去式同形:read-read, put-put, hit-hit, hurt-hurt, cost-cost

动词专项练习题

一、写出下列动词的相应形式:

a.写出下列行为动词的单数第三人称形式(单三式):

b.写出下列行为动词的现在分词形式:

c.写出下列行为动词的过去式:

二、选择正确的答案:

( )1. Jenny and I _______in Canada . A. lives B. living C. live D. lived

( ) 2. Li Ming is _____to Canada . A. come B. coming C. comes D. came

( a good trip? A. have B. has C. had D. having

( ) 4.I’ll ___you the rooms in my house. A. showing B. to show C.show D. shows

( your hands in the bathroom.

A. washes B. washed C. wash D. washing

( me the peas. A.passing B. to pass C. pass D. passes

( TV.

A. to watch B. watching C. watches D. watched

( ) 8. Jenny usually ____a sandwich for lunch. A. eat B. ate C. eats D. eating

( ) 9.How many lines _____a triangle? A.make B. makes C.making D. made

( ) 10. Let’s _______a triangle for always. A. putting B. puts C.put D. to put

( ) 11. I like____in the sun. A. sit B. to sit C. sits D. siting

( ) 12. On a holiday , people ___walk. A.doesn’t B.don’t C. aren’t

D.isn’t

( _ a Christmas tree to school yesterday.

A. bring B. brings C. brought D.is bring

( ) 14. I am going ______to school. A. walk B. to walk C. walking D. walks

( _ to play ping-pong.

A. learning B. learn C.to learn D. learns

( the ball to Jenny. A. hitting B. hit C. hits D. hiting

( ) 17. They usually ___ each other a sport. A.teaching B.tought C.teach

D.teaches

( ) 18. He ______basketball for fun on Sunday. A.plays B.play C.playing

D.played

( _ to be strong and healthy.

A. wanted B. wants C. want D. wanting

( ) 20. I see some people _____kites. A.fly B. flying C. to fly D. flies

( ) 21. Who ___ Bob? A. is B. am C. are D. be

( cards?

A. playing B.play C.played D. plays

( doing

( ) 24. Before breakfast he ______his hands.

A. wash B. washes C. to wash D. washed

( ) 25. Jenny is ______up. A. wake B. to wake C. waking D. wakeing

( ) 26. Saturday and Sunday _____ different. A. is B. am C.are D. be

( ) 27. Good food ____ your body healthy.

A. make B. makes C. to made D. making

( ) 28. Let’s see how often Danny _____vegetables.

A. eats B.eat C. ate D. eating

( ) 29. Last summer, we ____to a lake. A. go B. goes C. went D. going

( ) 30. I will ______Canada. A. miss B. missed C. misses D. missing

( ) 31. Beaches ______sand. A. have B. has C. had D. having

( ) 32. What do you wear to go ?

A. swim B. swiming C. swimming D. swims

( ) 33. Danny ____the basketball was heavy. A. say B.says C. said D. saying

( ) 34. What time _____it begin? A. do B. is C. does D. do

( ) 35. Let’s ______ tell him. A. not B. doesn’t C. don’t D. aren’t

 

第三篇:小学学习方法总结

(一)

一、每天保证8小时睡眠 - 晚上不要熬夜,定时就寝。早睡早起,可以把晚上的复习时间减少1个小时增加到早晨。中午坚持午睡。充足的睡眠、饱满的精神是提高效率的基本要求。

二、学习时要全神贯注 - 玩的时候痛快玩,学的时候认真学。一天到晚伏案苦读,不是良策。学习到一定程度就得休息、补充能量。学习之余,一定要注意休息。但学习时,一定要全身心地投入,手脑并用。

三、坚持体育锻炼 - 身体是学习的“本钱”。没有一个好的身体,再大的能耐也无法发挥。因而,再繁忙的学习,也不可忽视放松锻炼。有的同学为了学习而忽视锻炼,身体越来越弱,学习越来越感到力不从心。这样怎么能提高学习效率呢?

四、学习要主动 - 只有积极主动地学习,才能感受到其中的乐趣,才能对学习越发有兴趣。有了兴趣,效率就会在不知不觉中得到提高。有的同学基础不好,学习过程中老是有不懂的问题,又羞于向人请教,结果是郁郁寡欢,心不在焉,从何谈起提高学习效率。这时,唯一的方法是,向人请教,不懂的地方一定要弄懂,一点一滴地积累,才能进步。如此,才能逐步地提高效率。

五、保持愉快的心情,和同学融洽相处 - 每天有个好心情,做事干净利落,学习积极投入,效率自然高。另一方面,把个人和集体结合起来,和同学保持互助关系,团结进取,也能提高学习效率。

六、注意整理 - 学习过程中,把各科课本、作业和资料有规律地放在一起。待用时,一看便知在哪。而有的学生查阅某本书时,东找西翻,不见踪影。时间就在忙碌而焦急的寻找中逝去。我认为,没有条理的学生不会学得很好。

七、学习分类 - 对于已学过的知识就应该掌握好并适时的做好复习,知识越多也就越不好分开,记忆遗忘的速度会很快,应该分类。把两大类分开就好,一是不易掌握的知识,要想完全掌握就一定要理解和不厌其烦的复习;二是完全靠自己的的记忆而掌握的。所以,一定要分开。

(二)

1.关于上课听讲和记笔记

我们每次课都是分专题讲授的,老师把相关的学习方法都进行了细致的分析和总结。老师所选讲的例题都是非常经典的,往往一道题里包含着多个知识点,而解一道题又有很多种方法。不要认为以前学过相关专题就自以为是,要知道,每个老师的教学风格、教学方法和侧重点都不尽相同。因此,上课必须认真听讲,老师讲的重点一定要记好笔记,但也不要因为记笔记而影响思考和听讲,这一点你可要掌握好。

2.听不懂怎么办?

有的同学没有系统地学习过奥数,可能老师在讲课过程中提到的某些名词或者方法你感到有些生疏,听不懂。其实很多东西在以前都接触过,只是说法不同或者没有加以系统的总结和归纳。所以如果有不懂的就要及时向老师提出,不光奥数,学习什么都忌讳听不懂不问,更不要害怕提问,也许老师用几句话就能使你茅塞顿开,相关的题型就能够迎刃而解。

3.注意倾听其他同学的发言

有的同学在别人发言的时候思想开小差,这是不对的。一道题,每个同学都有不同的解题思路。其他同学的方法也许比你的要好,他讲的对的地方你可以借鉴,他讲的不对的也许正是大家都容易犯错的地方。所以,一定要重视其他同学的发言。

4.例题的复习和巩固

每次专题课后,要把例题看一遍,不仅仅是看,还要认真的思考。讲义中所选都是经典例题,方法也很好。因此,回去后,仍需及时地加以回顾,趁热打铁,把老师强调的每个环节都回忆一遍,重点题型和解题方法还要及时总结和积累。

5.上课听懂了,为什么还要留那么多的作业?

好的老师应该以提高学生学习能力,传授科学的学习方法,改变学生不良的学习思维习惯为出发点。老师不可能把所有的题都讲给你听,题海战术是不科学的,关键是要学习解题的思路,掌握解题的方法。

那么是不是上课听懂了就完成任务了呢?当然不是。听懂和掌握是两回事。一种方法是要靠反复练习才能得以掌握,而更深的层次是熟练运用。就好象开汽车一样,讲起来很容易,就那么几个动作,但要学会开车还要开得好就必须加以实践。

6.重视作业的订正和修改

哪错了就说明你哪个地方有漏洞,哪个知识点没有掌握。所以越是错的地方就越要下大工夫,不然漏洞多了可就麻烦了。

7.如何对待综合测试卷

综合测试卷我们都限制了时间,测试题都是老师经过精挑细选的非常具有代表意义的典型题,希望同学们能像对待正式考试一样来认真完成。做好每一份测试卷是我们查漏补缺的最好时机,这么好的机会可不要浪费哦!

小学生重点注意以下几点。

(1)认真听。要求小学生聚精会神地听讲,充分理解教师讲课的内容及认真听其表达方式的含义.

(2)注意看。要求小学生全神贯注地注视教师板书的内容,对教师用彩注意看色粉笔标记的部分、用电化教具突出演示的部分尤其要仔细观察,色粉笔标记的部分、认示的部分尤其要仔细观察 真领会和重点记忆。 真领会和重点记忆.

(3)多动脑。要引导小学生积极思考,要边听、边看、边思考,要与教 多动脑 师讲课的进程保持同步,要多问几个为什么,要把新旧知识联系起来 师讲课的进程保持同步,要多问几个为什么, 思考,做到融会贯通,举一反三。

(4)主动练。在课堂上要鼓励小学生大胆发言,勤学多练,从而加深理 主动练 解,提高听课效果。 提高听课效果。

(5)做笔记。对教师讲课中的要点、难点都要简明扼要地写在笔记上, 做笔记 以备课后复习。 以备课后复习。

(6)善归纳。对教师课堂讲授的内容,要抓住纲目,归纳要点,力求当 善归纳 堂理解。 堂理解。

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