向泛滥的伪专家亮亮剑

薛建国 本报评论员

这个月初，很多人通过媒体报道认识了一位超级骗子，他就是原华尔森集团总裁谢根荣，他请人用廉价玉片做出了两件惊世“古董”：金缕玉衣和银缕玉衣。谁能想到这两件假“古董”，却“逃”过了包括原故宫博物院副院长杨伯达等在内5名顶级专家的法眼，开出了24个亿的天价评估。谢最终凭此从银行骗贷10亿。你以为是专家看走眼了吗？非也！专家们承认评估时连假“古董”的玻璃罩子都没打开，只围着走了一趟。而据人民日报海外版昨日报道，这不是一个孤例，95%的藏家收藏了95%的赝品，鉴定专家和赝品同样泛滥。

文物鉴定业存在大量伪专家，这是一个不争之实。之所以泛滥，与鉴定从业人员入行门槛较低有关。在获取鉴定人员资格证书时，不少人并未经过严格的分类考试、资格审核，鉴定水平良莠不齐。报道举例说，故宫博物院某鉴定专家办了一个培训班，一些藏家报名去听取了几堂课，拿到“结业证书”后就摇身一变成了“资深鉴定师”，并打着“某某鉴定专家弟子”的幌子招摇撞骗。这种由“速成班”速成的专家，等同于过去花钱买文凭和驾照，蒙人还要害人。虽然这种“速成班”学费挺高，但只要证书一到手，就有了赚大钱资本，所以，在一些人眼里学费高点算不了啥。当然，随着收藏热不断升温，办班专家或机构也从中能赚个盆满钵满，双方可谓实现双赢。这种现象不是文物鉴定业所独有，书画鉴定业等也差不多。

学术造假，是一个令人不耻行为，而我们现在却有一方让伪专家名利双收的王道乐土。这就是市场需要他们说“瞎话”，不惜重金买他们的“瞎话”。无论是卖方还是买方，在评估时都希望专家给个“高价”，价高说明东西珍贵，好出手，好质押。有的买主把东西买下后，即使发现是赝品，也不张扬，而是通过专家再抬高估价进行转手，实施联手欺诈。特别是这种欺诈，作为专家一方不承担任何风险。不是吗，谢根荣逃脱不了法律制裁，而替他说“瞎话”的专家有谁受到追究的？估计风头一过，照样会以鉴定大师的身份招摇过市了。有吃有喝有拿，一年几个鉴定做下来，收入远远高出在单位上班的薪酬，请问有几人能够用良知抵挡这种诱惑？

对学术造假零容忍，这话几乎是光说不练。在有的国家就非常严厉，比如加拿大蒙特利尔心脏病研究所药学系教授王志国，因两篇论文造假，被加拿大蒙特利尔心脏病研究所关闭实验室，免去科研权利。在我国伪专家泛滥的文物鉴定业，我以为此力度还不够，还应该上升到法律层面，就像对足球吹“黑哨”的教练和股市“黑嘴”追究刑责一样。若要对文物鉴定业伪专家追究刑责，在我国刑法中同样可以找到法律依据——资产评估弄虚作假，可追究“提供虚假证明文件罪”。

苹果“诱祸”

苹果手机现在的市场地位有点类似小清新为祸江湖的场景。

不知何时起，但凡贴上单反（挂绳还一定要绕在手上以示专业和不羁）、豆瓣、帆布鞋、陈老师……标签的小丫头们都给自己改了个名叫“小清新”，而且人人内心窃喜，都以为自己就像孙二娘的黑店，大树底下十字坡独此一家。结果一上微博发现漫山遍野全是小清新——顿时内心千万匹那个什么马奔腾而过，从此“萝莉”变“御姐”，《1Q84》换《丧尸围城》…… 苹果手机其实也已如此——当苹果公司拿出上世纪80年代红富士席卷全国的姿态烽烟天下时；当一辆公交车30人，小清新才15枚，苹果手机却可找出20只时；当乔布斯病退，连汽车西站路边摆摊贴膜的小哥都打出95折优惠以示致敬时，你再把苹果当回事，只能说你离俊杰还有距离。

可是当苹果校园体验中心接连“攻占”北京大学、浙江传媒大学、浙大城市学院等高校的消息传出后，还是有理论家大惊，认为象牙塔最后一条防线已被攻占，以后的孩子再去读大学就相当于投敌。而且找出一堆例子来印证苹果手机是奢侈品，比如说4只“苹果”可以买2万斤大米，足够一个成年人吃30年，幸好袁隆平把杂交水稻亩产量提高到900公斤，否则大米就被苹果击败了……对此，我们只能庆幸没出生在埃塞俄比亚，据了解，那边的难民营每天只能领到2顿稀的。

其实，苹果经销商愿意进攻大学，将品牌意识扩散到未来消费群；同时学校也愿意接受这样的商业申请，方便学生服务全校——说到底，一个愿攻一个愿受，又干旁人何事？ 关键还是在于很多父母长者的思维还停留于大学还是一个洁白无瑕的地方，学生必须闭门苦修，最好能像《少林寺》里的李连杰，方丈一问“尽形寿、不饮酒，汝今能持否”，他立即开始捣蒜——只是这样培育出的学生真的有用吗？相信很多人在高中的作文本上都喊过类似的口号：假如你连这样的诱惑都抵挡不了，怎么去抵挡人生路上的狂风暴雨？

为人父母者总是希望子女能安静读书，都认为自己的孩子还小需要庇护，可现在学生的意识形态并非那么简单，也许就在我们在这讨论苹果手机会不会影响学生学习时，他们已经开始考虑如何实践信任、公平、包容，如何为社会体系寻找他们失去已久的东西——这些才是大学应该教育的。

人生路漫漫，一个苹果可以改变牛顿、乔布斯和白雪公主，但是它肯定无法改变一个大学生——我们又不是亚当夏娃。

 

第二篇：新闻摘抄短语

1.Wasting Time Is New Divide in Digital Era(5.30)

1.In the 1990s, the term “digital divide” emerged to describe technology’s haves and have-nots.

n  If you refer to two groups of people as haves and have-nots, you mean that the first group are very wealthy and the second group are very poor. You can also refer generally to poor people as have-nots.

2.who has long doubted the value of putting a computer in every home without proper oversight.

oversight  

n  n (a) [U] unintentional failure to notice sth 疏忽; 失察: Many errors are caused by oversight. 有很多错误都是因疏忽造成的. (b) [C] example of this 疏忽; 失察: Through an unfortunate oversight your letter was left unanswered. 因不慎疏忽未能给你覆信.

3.trainers wouldfan out toschools and libraries to teach productive uses of computers for parents, students and job seekers.

n  fan out phr v
if a group of people fan out, they walk forwards while spreading over a wide area

4.“We failed to account for thisahead of the curve,” she said.

n  ahead of (or behind) the curve, at the forefront of (or lagging behind) recent developments, trends, etc.

5.Policy makers and researchers say the challenges are heightened for parents and children with fewer resources

n  heighten (sb's) awareness (of sth)
(=make people realize something more clearly)
　The case has heightened public awareness of the problem of sexual harassment.

6.Many lower-income families take great pains to manage how their children use their devices.

n  take/go to (great) pains to do sth also take pains with/over sth
to make a special effort to do something
　He's taken great pains to improve his image.

n  go to/take great pains to do sth to make a lot of effort to do something:
I went to great pains to select the best staff available.

n  If you take pains to do something or go to great pains to do something, you try hard to do it, because you think it is important to do it.
Social workers went to great pains to acknowledge men's domestic rights...
I had taken great pains with my appearance.

2. Before Leaping, Listen to a Giant(5.28)

1.Not putting your eggs in one basketis ancient wisdom.

n  put all one's ,eggs in/into one `basket risk everything one has on the success of one plan, eg by putting all one's money into one business 孤注一掷（如将所有的钱投入一项生意

n  put all your eggs in one basket
to depend completely on one thing or one course of action in order to get success, so that you have no other plans if this fails
　When planning your investments, it's unwise to put all your eggs in one basket.

2.Allocate them in a proportion that gives you a level of volatilitywith which you are comfortable.

n  comfortable with
　She's never felt very comfortable with men.
　In our business, we need people who are comfortable in an unstructured environment.

n  If you are comfortable with a situation, you do not have any worries about it:
I'm not comfortable with the idea of leaving her on her own.

3.But you can use a rational process” to incorporatethosebeliefs intoyour portfolio.

n  / ?n?k??p?re?t; ?nˋk?rp?ret/ v ~ sth (in/into sth) make sth part of a whole; include 将某事物包括进去; 包含: Many of your suggestions have been incorporated in the new plan. 你的建议多已纳入新计画中.

n  incorporate sth into/in sth
　We've incorporated many environmentally-friendly features into the design of the building.
　Our original proposals were not incorporated in the new legislation.

n  VN]~ sth (in / into / within sth) to include sth so that it forms a part of sth: Many of your suggestions have been incorporated in the plan. ◆ The new car design incorporates all the latest safety features. ◆ We have incorporated all the latest safety features into the design.

4.In fact, his 1952 insight that people respond to changes in wealth — as opposed to states of wealth — provided one of the main building blocks ofbehavioral economics,

5. The rich continued to live far better than the poor, but over the next 50 yearsthe gap between them narrowed ­substantially.

n  substantially  [s?b'stæn??li]

ad.  实质上, 本质上, 大体上

n  very much or a lot
= considerably
　substantially higher prices
　The deer population has increased substantially in recent years.
used to say that in many ways something is true, the same, different etc
= essentially
　There are one or two minor differences, but they're substantially the same text.

n  narrow v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become narrower （使某物）变窄: The road narrows here. 路到这里变窄了.* Her eyes narrowed (ie She partly closed them) menacingly.她威胁地眯起眼睛. * The gap between the two parties has narrowed considerably. 双方的隔阂已明显缩小.

6.the American economist (and future Nobel laureate) Simon Kuznetsextrapolated into the indefinite future this newer trend toward more equal incomes and living standards

n  / ?k?stræp?le?t; ?kˋstræp??let/ estimate (sth unknown) from facts that are already known 由已知事实估计（未知事物）; 推断; 推知: One can extrapolate the size of the building from the measurements of an average room.从一间屋子的量度可以推断出整座建筑物的大小

n  to use facts about the present or about one thing or group to make a guess about the future or about other things or groups
extrapolate (sth) from sth
　It is possible to extrapolate future developments from current trends.
　You're extrapolating from your own feelings to mine.
extrapolate (sth) to sth
　These results cannot, however, be extrapolated to other patient groups.

7.As a result, his book resonates more withthe recent focus on “the 1 percent” than with more traditional concerns about poverty.

n  if something such as an event or a message resonates, it seems important or good to people, or continues to do this
resonate with
　an idea that resonates with many voters
to make a deep loud clear sound that continues for a long time
→resound
　The music resonated through the streets.
to make a sound that is produced as a reaction to another sound
resonate with [resonate with sth] phr v
formal to be full of a particular meaning or quality
　literature that resonates with biblical imagery
to be full of a particular sound
　a hall resonating with laughter

8. which inadvertently brings in more unskilled than skilled immigrants and therebysubjects already lower-income workers to greater competition for jobs;

n  / s?b?d?ekt; s?bˋd??kt/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (to sth) bring (a country, etc or a person) under one's control 使（国家等或人）臣服或顺从; 征服; 制伏: Ancient Rome subjected most of Europe (to its rule). 古罗马帝国征服了欧洲大部分.
[Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth to sth cause sb/sth to experience or undergo sth 使某人[某物]经历或遭受某事物: subject sb to criticism, ridicule, abuse, etc 使某人遭批评﹑ 取笑﹑ 辱骂等 * She was repeatedly subjected to torture. 她不断地受到折磨. * As a test the metal was subjected to great heat. 这种金属经过了高温试验.

3.A Mutual Benefit from China’s Private Link to Treasury Auctions(5.24)

1.The revelation that China is the sole country that can bid on and buy debt directly from the United States Treasury

n  ~ (sth) (for sth); esp US ~ (sth) (on sth) (a) offer (a price) in order to buy sth, esp at an auction （购物时）出价; （尤指拍卖时）喊价: What am I bid (for this painting)? （这幅画）给我个价, 诸位愿意出多少钱? * She bid 500 (for the painting). 她喊价500英镑（买这幅画）.

2.“There’s just no secret about direct bidding,” said a former Treasury official, who spoke on the condition of anonymity

n  [U] state of being anonymous 无名; 匿名; 作者不明.

3.But they do gain access to information foreign governments may prefer that they do not have.

n  gain/get access (to sth)
to succeed in entering a place or in seeing someone or something
　The police managed to gain access through an upstairs window.

4.“That Treasury wouldn’t want to putone purchaser over position ofother purchasers

n  put oneself/sth over (to sb) => put oneself/sth across/over (to sb). put sth over on sb (infml 口) persuade sb to accept a claim, story, etc that is untrue or worthless 诱劝某人接受虚假的或无价值的事物: He's not the sort of man you can put one over on. 他可不是能用花言巧语打动的人.

n  put one/sth over on sbinformal
to deceive someone into believing something that is not true or that is useless
　Nobody could put one over on him.

5.China is the biggest offshore holder of American government debt, and the United States the single biggest national market for Chinese exports.

n  at sea not far from the land 近海的: an,offshore `oil rig, `island, `anchorage 近海的石油钻塔﹑ 岛﹑ 锚地 * ,offshore `fishing 近海捕鱼.

6.The reality is that China’s holdings of U.S. treasuries reflect the symbiotic relationship between the two countries, rather than leveragethat either onehas overthe other.

n  le·ver·age¹ /?li?v?r?d? US ?le-, ?li?-/ n [U]
influence that you can use to make people do what you want
　diplomatic leverage by the US
the action, power, or use of a lever

n  杠杆作用, 杠杆装置, 杠杆效率

[医] 杠杆率

[经] 杠杆作用

 

6.A Gap in College Graduates Leaves Some Cities Behind(6.30)

1.Dayton sits on one side of a growing divide among American cities, in which a small number of metro areas vacuum upa large number of college graduates, and the rest struggle to keep those they have.

n  ~ sth (out) (infml 口) clean (sth) with a vacuum cleaner 用真空吸尘器清扫（某物）: vacuum the stairs, carpet 用吸尘器清扫楼梯﹑ 地毯等 * vacuum (out) the car 用吸尘器打扫汽车.

n  vacuum /?væk.ju?m/
verb [I or T] (UK ALSO hoover)
to use a vacuum cleaner to collect dust, dirt, etc:
Vacuum (up) the cake crumbs, would you?

2.San Francisco has been a magnet for college graduates for decades;

n  ?mægn?t; ˋmæɡn?t/ n  piece of iron, often ina horseshoe shape, which can attract iron, either naturallyor because of an electric current passed through it, and which points roughly north and south when freely suspended 磁铁; 磁石. =>illus 见插图.
(fig 比喻) person or thing that has a powerful attraction 有强大吸引力的人或物: This disco is a magnet for young people. 这家迪斯科舞厅经常吸引大批年轻的顾客.
> magnetism / ?mægn?t?z?m; ˋmæɡn??t?z?m/ n [U]
1 (science of the) properties and effects of magnetic substances 磁性; 磁性作用; 磁学.
2 (fig 比喻) great personal charm and attraction 人的魅力和吸引力: the magnetism of a great cinema performer 一杰出电影演员的魅力.
magnetize, -ise / ?mægn?ta?z; ˋmæɡn??ta?z/ v [Tn] 1 cause (sth) to become magnetic 使（某物）磁化, 起磁: This screwdriver has been magnetized. 这把改锥已经磁化了.
(fig 比喻) attract (sb) strongly, as if by magnetism 强烈吸引（某人）: She can magnetize a theatre audience. 她能像磁石般吸引剧院观众.

3.The divide shows signs of widening as college graduates gravitate to places with many other college graduates and the atmosphere that creates.

n  gravitate  grav·i·tate /?græv?te?t/ v [I always + adverb/preposition]
formal to be attracted to something and therefore move towards it or become involved with it
gravitate to/towards
　Most visitors to London gravitate to Piccadilly Circus and Leicester Square.

4.But she loves the freedom of not having to clock in and out.“It’s so strange to find that there is life after G.M.,” she said.

n  clock in
[PHRASAL VERB] V PWhen you clock in at work, you arrive there or put a special card into a device to show what time you arrived.
I have to clock in by eight.
≠ clock off

n  clock out
[PHRASAL VERB] V P of n, also V P
Clock out means the same as clock off.
She had clocked out of her bank at 5.02pm using her plastic card.

n  clock in, to begin work, esp. by punching a time clock: She clocked in at 9 on the dot.

clock out, to end work, esp. by punching a time clock: He clocked out early yesterday.