小结

Unit One

“The End of Something", by Ernest Hemingway, is a short story about two young people who witness how time can change the world and the people in it.

The broken mill represents Nick and Marjorie's broken relationship. Once, the mill was the center of the town. The town was a place full of activity. In the present of the story, as the time passed by ,the mill lies deserted, as does the relationship between Nick and Marjorie.we can clearly see that time can change everything , when they cannot stay young forever,so the weak foundation of their relationship is torn down and left in pieces. Eventhough they will meet one day ,the love is not there,because the two lovers have their own understanding of love.Just as the story says“ the fish will not strike anymore, and love is not fun anymore.” The good old past feeling isn't good enough anymore, even one of the lovers does not want give up on catching the love,and still clings to what is left and still hopes for the best. The past has become past, only can we cherish the good memory. what one must focus on is what is, now, and what is to come, tomorrow. One must look beyond what was and look for the love belong to themselves.

Unit Two

Ignorance is a condition or state where a person ignores, disregards, or overlooks knowledge about something. It is when the person is uninformed, is uneducated about something.However, only an person is full of knowledge,can he has courage to admit his ignorance.

The author began the essay by telling the experience of waking in the morning and finding him practically ignorant of anything. The author felt sad about his current store of knowledge after many years of costly education. He has a limited range of knowledge and the inadequate understanding of the major phenomena of the world. However, it suddenly occurred to him when he has gone his way serene and happy, he may be the only one who is ignorant, for anyone will not admit that he is a ignorant person. So someone may have the psychology of remaining to be a happy ignorant person, so he or she would not be able to know more knowledge . And he or she is not vulnerable to ignorance.

Unit Three

“A sound mind in a sound body is a short, but a full description of a happy state in this world.” Nowadays research suggests that we should think there is deep link between body and mind health in order to achieve happy state of mind. In this way, exercise is a state of mind. Michael

Craig Miller uses scientists’ experiments as evidence to show that exercise has exerted great effects on people’s mind health. Regular exercise can improve your mood, decrease anxiety, and raises self-esteem through inducing biological changes. Exercise is also a pretty good antidepressant which can relieves and prevents depression through regulating mood and storing memories. On the other hand, exercise is under genetic control. Genes can influence both people’s physiological responses to exercise and people’s subjective experience of exercise. In the end, the author advices that we form the habit of exercise. You needn’t spend too much and the type of exercise doesn’t matter. Continuing exercise and motivation to exercise are good to your body and mind health.

Unit Four

“Opportunity is the crux of the American ideal.” People in the American society used to think that with hardwork and self-determination, they are sure to succeed and realize their dreams. But in recent years the traditional doctrine of “American dream” is seriously challenged, esp. with regard to the economic development. Clive Crook holds that in spite of new immigrants, America is already a middle-aged country, and pessimistic spirit has come to dominate the national consciousness. Most

important of all, the economic mobility in America is getting lower and lower as compared to any other western country. The idea of the “American Dream” is starting to fade since rich children stay rich whereas poor children still stay poor. And the real focus of any effort to restore economic opportunity is to get out of poverty, and to this end one effective way may be to improve education, which will definitely have a great effect on economic mobility across generations.

Unit Five

It is probably safe to say that every language has a pair of words expressing good and evil, for it is generally believed that a sense of moral judgment and a distinction between good and evil or right and wrong are cultural universals. But what really is good, and what really is evil? Moral relativists would argue that the standards of good and evil are only products of local culture, custom, or prejudice. Moreover, believers in the duality of “good versus evil” would say evil cannot exist without good, nor good without evil, as they are both objective states and opposite ends of the same scale. As boys and girls, we were taught to do good, not evil. (Remember that good will be rewarded with good, and evil with evil?) Yet as Plato observed, there are relatively few ways to do good, but there are countless ways to do evil, which can therefore have a much greater

impact on our lives, and the lives of other beings capable of suffering. For this reason, some philosophers (e.g. Bernard Gert) maintain that preventing evil is more important than promoting good in formulating moral rules and in conduct. To prevent evil, the author of this article argues, we must first know what is truly “evil”, for there can be no genuine understanding of goodness in human behavior unless we also understand evil. Beginning with the recognition that neither good nor evil exist outside the human personality, the author distinguishes creative and destructive potentials, and then finds social forces that may activate destructive potentials. With such whats about evil, the author concludes the text by offering some hows as to teaching our children.

 

第二篇：研究生英语读译教程 广中医版 词汇整理总结

UNIT 1

Vocabulary

1. In an era of growing cynicism about politicians, Mr. Mandela is a model of dignity and

integrity.

2. Someone who is overwrought is extremely upset and emotional. 3. He makes such a racket I'm afraid he disturbs the neighbours.

4. It would be hypocritical to say I travel at 70 mph simply because that is the law. 5. Expediency means doing what is convenient rather than what is morally right.

6. German leaders all took the opportunity to denounce the attacks and plead for tolerance. 7. The whole Italian culture revolves around the ritual of eating. 8. This is the most ancient, and holiest of the Shinto rituals.

9. But behind all the insanity and absurdity, there's been a method to Mel's madness.

10. If you say that something is presumablythe case, you mean that you think it is very likely to

be the case, although you are not certain.

11. To inflictharm or damage on someone or something means to make them suffer it. 12. It is our firm conviction that a step forward has been taken.

13. It's one of the best equipped and most prestigious schools in the country.

14. If you describe an experience or situation as an ordeal, you think it is difficult and stressful. 15. It was a spectaclenot to be missed.

16. Apremature baby is one that was born before the date when it was expected to be born. 17. It would have an adverseeffect on the local and regional economies.

Vocabulary Study and Building

1. Congress has a responsibility to ensure that all peaceful options are exhausted before resort

to war.

2. expediency(权宜之计 ----……political expediency)

3. overwrought (过度紧张的 ----……one overwrought member) 4. ordeal（痛苦的经验）

5. premature（过早的 ---- It would be premature to ……） 6. absurdity(荒谬的言行 ----……at the absurdity of situation) 7. inflict(使遭受 ---- ……inflicting serious injuries)

8. adverse(unfavorable ----……have no adverse effect on…) 9. spectacle(奇特现象----……a curious spectacle of…)

10. magnify（夸大；放大---- ……magnifying ridiculous details） 11. submit（提交，主张---- ……submitted a claim） 12. gratuitous(无理由的----……gratuitous violence) 13. boost (增加，促进----……boost the economy) 14. contend------ argue

15. frenzy ------ excited and uncontrolled 16. drawback ------ disadvantage 17. letdown ------ disappointment 18. partially ------ not completely

UNIT 3

Vocabulary

1. A tantalizing aroma of roast beef fills the air. 2. The drug can cause inflammation of the liver.

3. When the threshold is reached, something else happens or changes. 4. Angst is a feeling of anxiety and worry.

5. Seminal is used to describe things that have a great influence in a particular field. 6. The diagnosis was devastating. She had cancer.（令人震惊的；破坏性极强的） 7. Whatever regimen has been prescribed should be rigorously followed.

8. You have to weighthe costs of the new systemagainstthe benefits it will bring.（权衡利弊） 9. You'd better consider this and factor this into your decision making.（将...因素纳入...） 10. Can you obligemewitha badminton match? (迫使；施恩惠) 11. make out a case for (提出充分理由) 12. come in (流行)

13. Proliferation(增生---- cell proliferation ) 14. Prostate (前列腺---- also prostate gland) 15. Gastric（胃部的 ---- gastric ulcers） 16. Tract（（体内的) 道 ---- digestive tract）

17. Moribund(奄奄一息的 ----…. the moribund economy.) 18. Systolic（心脏收缩的） 19. Caplet (胶囊)

20. Lipoprotein（脂蛋白） 21. Carcinogenesis (致癌作用) 22. Atherosclerosis （动脉粥样硬化） 23. Epidemiological （流行病学的） 24. Esophageal （食管的） 25. Colorectal （结肠直肠的） 26. Adenomas （腺瘤） 27. Polyp （息肉；珊瑚虫）

28. Acetylsalicylic acid （乙酰水杨酸） 29. Arthritis ( 关节炎 ) 30. Antacid ( 解酸药 ) 31. Clots （栓塞物）

32. Cardiovascular （心血管的） 33. Hemorrhage （ 大出血 ） 34. Platelet ( 血小板 ) 35. Placebo （ 安慰剂 ）

36. Prostaglandins （ 前列腺素 ） 37. Subsidiary （ 子公司 ）

Vocabulary Study and Building

1. avail of------ make good use of

2. hangovers ------ sick andheadache becausedrank a lot of alcohol the night before 3. extract------ obtain juice by crushing, pressing 4. viewas------ regard as

5. correlate with------ have a mutual relationship 6. precursor ( 前兆------ ……a precursor to recession ) 7. act on ( 对…起作用 ------ ……take long to act on SARS)

8. hold out (提供；坚持抵抗；寄予希望 ------ ……held out the prospect of new jobs)

UNIT 4

Vocabulary

1. Dissonance is a lack of agreement or harmony between things. 2. The whole idea was preposterous.

3. What Bracey is saying istantamount to heresy.

4. A neologism is a new word or expression in a language, or a new meaning for an existing

word or expression.

5. The union said they will ballot members on whether to strike.

6. A person who is eloquent is good at speaking and able to persuade people. 7. This idea is not as outlandish as it sounds.

8. If you dismantle a machine or structure, you carefully separate it into its different parts. 9. If you describe someone as schizoid, you mean that they seem to have very different

opinions and purposes at different times.

10. The paradoxof exercise is that while using a lot of energy it seems to generate more. 11. Homo sapiens ( human beings )

12. Primate ( 灵长类动物 ------ the highest rank of animals ) 13. Rib-eye steak ( 牛里脊肉 ) 14. Agribusiness ( 农业综合商业 ) 15. Anti-Semitism ( 反犹太主义 )

Vocabulary Study and Building

1. Prologue ( 序言 ------ the beginning of a series of events ) 2. Fringe ( 边缘的 )

3. provision( 条款 ------ condition in a legal document ) 4. cut across ( 径直穿过 ----- go beyond )

5. swelling ( 肿胀 ----- becoming greater in force or volume ) 6. apparel ( 给..穿衣服 ----- closing, dress ) 7. defuse ( make calm )

8. uncanny ( unnatural, mysterious )

9. vegetarian ( someone who never eats meat )

10. The catastrophe that happened on the heels of his wife’s death almost made him break

down. (紧随...之后)

11. This problem cuts acrossall socioeconomic lines and affects all age groups. (超过)

12. If you take this decision you will certainly have the president at your back. （gain support） 13. Early intelligence test originated in France. Soon it found its way into Europe and the United

States.(进行)

UNIT 6

Vocabulary

1. Your mentality is your attitudes and your way of thinking.

2. A ballpark is a park or stadium where baseball is played.( 棒球场; 大概的a ballpark figure ) 3. An interchange on a highway or motorwayis a place where it joins a main road or another

freeway.( 交叉路口 )

4. You use versus to compare the advantages of two different things or ideas. 5. The group had a net profitmargin of 30% last year. ( 利润 )

6. Different animals in the colony had different manifestations of the disease. 7. The new institutions do not encroachon political power.( 逐步侵犯; 蚕食 ) 8. He began to churn out literary compositions in English.（ 快速大量生产 ）

9. The inmates ate in a communaldining room. ( describe something that is shared by a group

of people)

10. Don't succumb to the temptation to have just one cigarette. （屈服）

11. credentials （ 证书 ---- certificatethat proves your ability,identity or qualifications.） 12. bite（a quality of a speech or writing that makes its argument effective and likely to persuade

people）

13. a host of （ a large number of ）

14. infallibility（ the quality of never making an error） 15. module（ 模块; 组件 ） 16. burrito（ 墨西哥卷饼 ）

Vocabulary Study and Building

1. subordination( 从属---- a position of less importance ) 2. primary ritual （ important routine action ）

3. spin-off （副产品; 仿制作品 ---- the same character from the other） 4. outlets ( 批发商店 ----- subsidiaries)

5. humanity( 人类,人道---- the service of humanity) 6. rational （合理的 ---- a rational decision） 7. diagnostic ( 诊断的 ---- diagnostic analysis ) 8. enhance( 加强 ---- enhance the value of land ) 9. nourishing( 有营养的 ---- nourishing food ) 10. Round-the –clock-banking （ 24小时银行 ） 11. chains( 联营企业 ) 12. autopilot( 自动驾驶仪 ) 13. Fast-food industry（快餐业） 14. Pre-measure （ 定制 ） 15. Checker （ 收银员 ） 16. New-bites （ 简明新闻 ） 17. PR manager （ 公关经理 ）

18. Diagnostic modules （ 故障检测模块 ）

19. Flavor enhancer （ 增味剂 ） 20. Stabilizer （ 稳定剂 ）

21. Communal meal （ 团圆饭 ） 22. Press release （ 新闻发布会 ） 23. Voice mail （ 语音邮件 ）

24. Non-human technology （ 无人化技术 ） 25. Rationalizing system （ 理性系统 ）