高考英语语法考点:冠词语法归纳
高考英语语法贯穿在高考英语选择题、高考英语作文中,在进行阅读理解和完形填空时也用得到。可以说单词是英语学习的基础、语法是英语学习的架构。高考英语语法不难,总结起来也就十几点,在听课和做题中不断揣摩其中的规律,再反过来通过题目精炼。
冠词分为不定冠词(a, an),定冠词(the),和零冠词。 I. 不定冠词的用法
1 指一类人或事,相当于a kind of 2 第一次提及某人某物,非特指 3 表示“每一”相当于every,one 4 表示“相同”相当于the same
A plane is a machine that can fly.
A boy is waiting for you.有个男孩在等你。 We study eight hours a day. We are nearly of an age.
— Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?
用于人名前,表示不认识此人或与某名5 Smith here. 人有类似性质的人或事
A. 不填 C. the D. one
—Sorry, wrong number. There isn't______ Mr.
That boy is rather a Lei Feng.(活雷锋)
6 用于固定词组中
a couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time
This room is rather a big one.
She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet. success(抽象名词)→a success(具体化) 成功的人或事
a failure 失败的人或事 a shame 带
9 用于抽象名词具体化的名词前
来耻辱的人或事
a pity 可惜或遗憾的事 a must 必需必备的事
a good knowledge of 精通掌握
II. 定冠词的用法
In many places in China, ___ bicycle is still
1 表示某一类人或物
___ popular means of transportation.
A. a; the B. /; a D. the; the
2 用于世上独一无二的事物名词前 3 表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过
the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean Would you mind opening the door?
7 之后
用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such
8 用于so(as, too, how)+形容词之后
的人或事 4 用于演奏乐器
5 用于形容词和分词前表示一类人
play the violin, play the guitar the reach, the living, the wounded
—Could you tell me the way to ____ Johnsons,
please?
表示“一家人”或“夫妇”(对比上文的不
—Sorry, we don’t have ____ Johnson here in the 6
定冠词用法5)
village.
A. the; the C. /; the D. the; /
用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高7 级前 8
群岛的名词前
用于国家党派等以及江河湖海,山川
He is the taller of the two children.
the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French
The compass was invented in China. in the 1990’s(二十世纪九十年代)
9 用于表示发明物的单数名词前 1
在逢十的复数数词之前,指世纪的某
0 个年代 11 12
用于表示度量单位的名词前
I hired the car by the hour.
用于方位名词,身体部位名词 III. 不用冠词(又名零冠词)的用法
He patted me on the shoulder
专有名词,物质名词,抽象名词,1
人名地名等名词前
Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air
名词前有this, my, whose, some, no, 2 I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this? each, every等限制
季节,月份,星期,节假日,一日3
三餐前
4 表示职位,身份,头衔的名词前 5 表示球类,棋类等运动的名词前
March, Sunday, National Day, spring Lincoln was made President of America. He likes playing football/chess.
We went right round to the west coast by ______
6 与by连用表示交通方式的名词前
sea instead of driving across ______ continent. A. the; the C. the; 不填 D. 不填;不填
7 以and连接的两个相对的名词并用
husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night
时
8 表示泛指的复数名词前
Horses are useful animals.
(一)冠词概述
冠词是限定词的一种,自己不能单独使用,只能依附于一个名词帮助说明这个名词的含义。因此冠词也可以说是名词的一种标志,它不能离开名词而单独存在。冠词有三种形式:不定冠词a(an),定冠词(the)和零冠词(即不使用冠词)。冠词用法每次中考都会出现,主要考查:(1)名词前的定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词的用法;(2)固定搭配中的冠词用法。a,an的用法区别是常考内容。序数词前及形容词最高级前或姓氏前使用定冠词也是近年来中考的常考内容。
(二)基础知识梳理
1.不定冠词a/an的用法
不定冠词用来修饰单数可数名词,指人或物中的某一个或某一类,但不具体说明是何人何物。
如:A famous astronaut will give us a talk the week after next.a用在以辅音音素(不是辅音字母)开头的单词前,如:a university student,a European country;an用在以元音音素(不是元音字母)开头的单词前,如:an honest girl,an underground train.
现将不定冠词的基本用法归纳如下:
1)首次提到某人某物,不定冠词起介绍作用。如:
Long long ago an old man lived in a small village.
2)表示“每一”的意思,常用于表示时间、速度的名词之前,相当于every。如:
ten metres a second,twice a week
3)也可用于不可数的物质名词和抽象名词之前,使其具体化。如:
1 would like a drink.
It’s a great joy to live in Shanghai.
4)某些固定短语中,要用不定冠词。如:have a good time,in a hurry,have a break,for a while,a pair of,have a look,with a smile,take an active part in.
2.定冠词the的用法
1)指第二次提到的人或物。如:
I have a dog and a cat.The dog is brown and the cat is yellow.
2)特指某人或某物。如:
The old man with thick glasses is their history teacher.
3)指谈话双方都知道的人或物。如:
Would you mind turning down the radio,Jim? Your father is sleeping.
4)用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前。如:
The third truck is carrying the fewest apples of all.
5)用于指世界上独一无二的事物。如:
The moon is far smaller than the earth.
6)在江河、海洋、山脉等地理名词前及由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如:
the Nile,the Pacific Ocean,the Alps,the Oriental Pearl
7)用于表示方位的名词前。如:
Shanghai is in the east of China.
8)用在乐器名称的前面。如:
I practise the piano every day after school.
9)在某些形容词前加定冠词,表示一类人。如:
The sick and the old should be taken good care of.
10)用于姓氏复数形式之前,表示“一家人”或“夫妇两人”。如:
The Wangs have worked in Pudong for almost ten years.
11)在某些固定短语中,需用定冠词。如:
In the morning,the day after tomorrow,listen to the radio,at the moment,go to the beach,by the way.
3.不用冠词的情况
1)在球类活动、学科名称前。如:
We have Chinese,maths,and English every day.
2)在节日、月份、四季、星期前。如:
June l is Children’s Day.
It’s Saturday today.
It’s late spring now.
3)名词前已有作定语的指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或数词等。如:
That handbag is in her car.
I have several questions to ask.
4)在物质名词和抽象名词前一般不加冠词。如:
Milk is white.(比较:The milk in the cup has gone bad.这里the表示特指。)
5)三餐名词前通常不用冠词,如:have supper,after breakfast,但三餐名词前如果有形容词修饰时,要用不定冠词,如:a big supper,a quick breakfast等。
6)在称呼、头衔、职位前。。如
What can I do for you,sir.
7)在某些固定词组和习惯用语中。如:by motorcycle/air/train,at night,in trouble, go to church,put into jail等。
4.在某些名词前用冠词或不用冠词,其意义有所不同。如:
go to church(去做礼拜) go to the church(到那座教堂去)
in class(在上课时) in the class(在班级中)
in charge of(负责) in the charge of(由……负责)
in hospital(生病住院) in the hospital(在医院里工作或参观)
at table(在吃饭) at the table(在桌子旁)
take place(发生) take the place(代替)
in front of(在……的前面) in the front of(在……前部)
keep house(管理家务) keep the house(呆在家里)
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