定语从句

? 引导定语从句的词

关系代词：that which who whom whose as

关系副词：where when why

? 1）功能：引导一个定语从句，把它和主句连接起来，形成主从关系；

替代前面的先行词，有当其在从句中作宾语是可以省略；

A.where B.when C.that D.what

2.(06福建)Look out!Don’t get too close to the house___roof is under repair.

A.whose B.which C.of which D.that

2)关系代词只能用that

a.先行词是形容词最高级或者被形容词的最高级修饰时。

eg.This is the most interesting film that I’ve ever seen.

b.当先行词是序数词或者被序数词修饰时。

eg.What is the first foreign film that you have ever seen?

c.当先行词是不定代词，如：

all,any,some,much,little,few,everything,nothing,something,anything,none,the one等词时。

eg.Do you have anything that you don’t understand?

d.先行词被the very（正好）,the only,the last,any,few,little,just,next,no,all等词修饰时。

eg.The only thing that we can do is to help you out.

e.先行词既有表示人的词又有表示物的词。

eg.Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?

f.当主句的主语是疑问词who或者which时。

eg.Who is the man that is standing by the tree?

g.有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词用which，而另一个则用that。

eg.They went to a shop which sells women’s clothes that satisfied them. h.当先行词在主句中作be的表语,或关系代词本身作从句的表语时。

eg.Wuhan is no longer the city that it used to be.

i.关系副词why在the reason why结构中可以被that取代，that亦可省略。(这时that是关系副词)

eg.That is the reason (that) he came.

j. 以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常用in which或that引导，也可以省略。 eg.This is the way (that/which) he did that.

3）关系代词只能用which

a.介词后指物。

eg.This is the school in which I used to study.

※但要注意的是，在一些固定短语中，不能把介词置于关系代词之前。

eg.The boy who I am looking after is my son.(不能说The boy after whom I am looking after is my son.)

b.非限制性定语从句中指物。

3.(08全国)The road conditions there turned out to be very good,___was more than we could expect.

A.it B.what C.which D.that

c.which可指代整个句子，而that不能。

4)关系代词as和which的使用区别

a.位置不同。as引导的定语从句可位于句首，也可以插在主句中，位于主句后，而which不能位于主句前。

eg.As you know,Taiwan is an inseparable part of China.

Taiwan,as you know,is an inseparable part of China.

Taiwan is an inseparable part of China,as you know.

Taiwan is an inseparable part of China,which we all know.

b.意义不同。as（正如，就像）表示符合人们的认识和事物的习惯性等意义，即从句与主句语义一致。当从句与主句语义不一致时或从句与主句之间是因果关系时用which。 eg.They remarried,as we had expected.

They remarried,which we hadn’t expected.

As often happens,they won the match again.

It rained heavily,which prevented us going out.

c.结构不同。as可用于类似插入语的句式中，而which则不能。如，as anybody can see,as we all know,as we had expected,as is well know,as has been said before,as often happens,as it is,as is natural,as is the case等。which常用语which + 谓语 +宾语（宾补）结构。

d.当先行词被the same,so,as,such等词修饰时，多用as引导。

5）关系代词who和that的使用区别

关系代词who与that都可指代人而且在从句中都既能作主语也能作宾语，但在下面几种情况下，只能用who作关系代词：

a. 先行词是特定的人或指人的those,one(s),people。

4.（06北京）Women___drink more than 2 cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those___don’t.

A.who;/ B./;who C.who;who D./;/

b.主句是there be结构且先行词指人。

5.（05北京）-Why does she always ask you for help?

-There is no one else___,is there?

A.who to turn to B.she can turn to C.for whom to turn D.for her to turn c.先行词是I,you,he,they等（常用在谚语中）。

d.先行词是人，后面有较长的修饰语。

eg.I met a friend of mine in the park yesterday who had got the gold medals in the

race.

6)关系代词whose的使用

whose既可以指人又可以指物，是所有格形式。指物时可以与of which结构互换，但要注意它与名词的位置关系。

? 介词 + 关系代词和关系副词

1） 介词的选择

引导定语从句时，that和主格who不能用于介词之后，能用于介词 + 关系代词引导定语从句的代词只有which和whom，其中介词的选择依据下面四点：

a. 介词与定语从句的先行词是一种习惯性的搭配。

6.(06陕西)She was educated at Beijing University,___she went on to have her advanced study abroad.

A.after that B.from which C.from that D.after which

7.（05天津）Last month,part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods,from___effects the people are still suffering.

A.that B.whose C.those D.what

b.介词与从句中的动词是动词短语搭配。 eg.The man to whom I turned for help is a lawyer.

c.介词与定语从句中的形容词一起构成固定搭配。 eg.Ours is beautiful country,of which we are greatly proud.

d.表示“所有格”或者“整体与部分的关系”时，用介词of。

8.(08湖南)The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors,___are beyond our control.

A.most of them B.most of which C.most of what D.most of that

当引导词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，介词可以提前放在which（指事物，不能用that）或者whom(指人，不能用who)之前，也可以放于原来的位置。但在含有介词的动词固定词组中，介词只能放于原来的位置。

eg.This is the room which/that he used to live in.

This is the room in which he used to live.

The man who/whom/that I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing. The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing.

但在下面一句中介词for不能提前，因为look for是短语动词。

eg.This is the book which/that you are looking for.

2)关系代词和关系副词的使用区别

关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语，而关系副词在定语从句中作状语，关系副词when = 表示时间的介词（in,on,at,during等）+ which,where = 表示地点的介词

（in,at,on,under等） + which,why = 表示原因的介词for + which,how = 表示方式的介词in + which,先行名词在定语从句中表方式时，常用in which,而不用how。因此在选择关系词时最重要的是分析一下定语从句中的成分，如果从句中缺少主、宾、表语或定语，就用关系代词，如果从句中缺少状语，就用关系副词。

试比较下面两个句子：

a. Do you still remember the days that/which we spent in Qingdao?

b. Do you still remember the days when we spent the summer holiday in Qingdao?

3)关系副词where的使用

关系副词where在定语从句中作状语，相当于表示地点的in,on,under等 + which结构，它与所引导的状语从句的区别在于关系副词前有先行词，而连接副词前则没有先行词。

9.（05辽宁）I walked in our garden,___Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees.

A.which B.when C.where D.that

10.(08安徽)All the neighbors admire this family___the parents are treating their children like a friend.

A.why B.where C.which D.that

先行词是stage,point,situation等词时，它们在定语从句中不作时间状语，而是在有些情况下它们表示“模糊的地点”，所以常用where来引导定语从句。

eg.I’ve come to the point where I can’t stand her arguing any longer. Geneva(日内瓦)has been the stage where many such conferences are held.

Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity where sight

matters more than hearing.

11.(09重庆)Life is like a long race___we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.

A.why B.what C.that D.where

【解析】此处where=in which.

? 定语从句的主谓一致及关系代词的省略

关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致，应特别注意的是：

one of + 复数名词后的定语从句其谓语用复数，而the only/very one of + 复数名词后的定语从句其谓语动词用单数。 eg.Tom is the only one of the students who has passed the exam. Tom is one of the students who have passed the exam.

当关系代词在从句中作宾语时，可以省略。但介词后的关系代词不能省略。

? 考察定语从句的常用方法

1） 定语从句与强调句的区别在于：在强调句中去掉it is和that/who后，句子仍成立，

定语从句则不可。

2） 定语从句关系词一般紧跟先行词，但有时出于内容或者结构的需要，中间可插入其他成

分而将定语从句与先行词分隔开或是关系词与其引导的句子隔开。

eg.Here is Student Times which,as I have told you,will help improve your English.

真题答案：CACCB/DBBCB/D

 

第二篇：定语从句语法归纳

语法知识归纳(定语从句)

1． 由who, whom, whose引导的定语从句。这类定语从句中who用作主语，whom作宾语，whose

作定语。 在定语从句中，若先行词指人，其关系代词可用who, whom, 也可用that。

The girl who/that is speaking at the meeting is our monitor.

The boy (who/whom/that) you saw just now is my brother.

在下列情况下多用或须用 who

① 关系代词在从句中作主语时，多用who.

Do you know the man who spoke just now?

The doctor who treated me was very experienced.

②先行词为all, anyone, one, ones等时，多用who。

All who heard the news were excited.

Anyone who breaks the rule will be punished.

③先行词为those和people时多用who。

Those who want to go please sign their names here.

People who can see sometimes act just as foolishly.

④在非限制性定语从句中作主语须用who，作宾语须用whom。

Tom’s father, who is over sixty, still works hard.

Mr Green, whom you saw in the library yesterday, will teach us physics next term.

⑤在被分割的定语从句中须用who.

A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German.

⑥在以there be开头的句子中多用who.

There is a stranger who wants to see our headmaster.

⑦一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词是that，另一个须用who。

The student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that is modest and studies very hard.

Whose引导的定语从句应注意以下几点：

① whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。

That’s the child whose father is an engineer.

② whose引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可以指人，还可以指物。

Mr King, whose legs were badly hurt, was quickly hurt, was quickly taken to hospital.

It was a meeting whose importance I didn’t realize at the time.

I saw a tree whose leaves were black with disease.

③ whose在定语从句中与它所修饰的名词一起可作介词的宾语，可以与介词放在先行词与从句之间。 The boss in whose department Mr King worked had heard about the accident.

Tom, on whose bike I went to school is a friend of mine.

④whose的先行词指物时, 可用of which代替, 但词序不同，即whose+名词=the +名词 +of which

2 which引导的定语从句

which在从句中作主语或谓语动词或介词的宾语。

This is the book which you want.

The building which stands near the river is our school.

The room in which there is a machine is a workshop.

注意：whom, which作介词宾语时，介词一般可放在之前，也可放在从句原来的位置上。介词放于前面时，作宾语的关系到代词不能省略。在含有介词的动词固定词组中，介词只能放在原来的位置上。 There was no single person the street to whom she could turn for help.

This is the person whom you are looking for.

3．由that引导的定语从句

that在定语从句中可以指人或物，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语。但不能放在介词后面作宾语。

The letter (that) I received was from my father.

注意：在下面几种情况下必须用that 引导定语从句：

①先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等。

All (that) we have to do is to practice every day.

② 先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰。

The first lesson (that) I learned will never be forgotten.

③先行词被all, any, every, few, little, no, some 等修饰。

I have read all the books (that) you gave me.

④ 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, just修饰时。

He is the only person ( that) I want to talk to.

⑤先行词既有人又有物时。

They talked of things and persons (that) they remembered in the school.

⑥ 当主语是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时，定语从句须用that，以免与先行词重复。 Who is the boy that was here just now?

Which of us that knows something about physics does not know this?

⑦ 当先行词在定语从句中作表语时。

The village is no longer the one that it used to be.

4.as引导的定语从句

as 用作关系代词和关系副词引导定语从句，构成, the same …as…, such…as…, so…as…等结构。 I like the same book as you have.

I shall do it again in the same way as you did.

I want to have such a dictionary as he has.

注意：此处要注意定语从句和状语从句的区别。试比较：

Mr Chen gave us such a difficult question as nobody worked out.

Mr Chen gave us such a difficult question that nobody worked it out.

注意：①关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。 Those who are against the plan please sign your names here.

Anyone who breaks the law is to be punished.

Tom is one of the students who were praised by the teacher yesterday.

Tom is the one of the students who was praised by the teacher yesterday.

② 关系代词whom, which, that在限定性定语从句中作动词宾语或介词宾语，而该介词又位于从句末尾时，经常省略，但as一般不省略。

同位语从句与定语从句的区别：

① 从意义上：同位语从句对名词作补充说明或进行解释，而定语从句进行修饰，限定，相当于一个形容词的作用。

② 从结构上：同位语从句由连接代词/副词引导，最常用的连接词一般不省略，也不在从句中担任成分，而定语从句由关系代词/副词引导，在定语从句中作主语不能省略作宾语可省略。

③从涵义上：同位语从句与所说明解释的名词无逻辑关系，而定语从句所修饰的名词是该从句逻辑上的主、宾、表、定、状语等。例如：

The news that our team lost the game disappointed all of us.

The news that you told me yesterday is so disappointing.

④同位语从句对说明解释的名词有所限制，大多是一些表示抽象概念的名词，而定语从句所修饰限定的先行词无限制，即可指人，又可指物。

定语从句补充强化练习

1. The most important thing _______ we should pay attention to is the first thing _______I have said.

A. which; that B. that; which C. which; which D. that; that

2. She spent the whole evening talking about the things and persons _______ none of us has ever heard of.

A. which B. who C. whom D. that

3. He never reads anything ________ is not worth reading.

A. which B. that C. who D. as

4. I have bought such a watch _________ was advertised on TV.

A. that B. which C. as D. it

5. The house ________ roof was damaged has now been repaired.

A. which its B. whose C. that he D. that

6. The pen ________ he writes is a Hero 60.

A. with it B. with which C. with what D. with whom

7. This is the very bus _________ we’ll go to the theatre.

A. in that B. what C. by which D. on which

8. He is the only one of the teachers __________ Spanish in our school.

A. who teaches B. who teach C. which teaches D. that teach

9. I’m not the person who _________ to be frightened by such a horrible scene.

A. am B. is C. are D. was

10. The girl I saw _______ brown hair and blue eyes.

A. had she B. she had C. has D. had

DDBCB BDABD

 

第三篇：定语从句语法总结

在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句

e.g. I like music

Music 是先行词，that是关系代词

He is the man

Man是先行词，who是关系代词

1. who / that 在定语从句中做主语时，

谓语动词的单复数应与先行词保持一致

I prefer shoes that are cool.

I like a pizza that is really delicious.

I love singers who are beautiful.

I have a friend who plays sports.

2. ( who 和that 引导定语从句作主语 不可省略）

The old man is a professor. He teaches chemistry in a college.

The old man is a professor who teaches chemistry in a college.

The old man is a professor that teaches chemistry In a college.

3. (which 和that 引导定语从句作宾语 可省略）

I enjoyed reading the book. You gave me the book.

I enjoyed reading the book you gave me .

4. (whose 在定语从句中作定语用）

What?s the name of the man? His sister is a doctor.

What?s the name of the man whose sister is a doctor?

Have you seen the cup? Its color is red.

Have you seen the cup whose color is red?

5. when 在定语从句中作时间状语

I?ll never forget the day . I first came to Beijing.

I?ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing

6. where 在定语从句中作地点状语

This is the cinema. I watched Harry Potter last month in it.

This is the cinema where I watched Harry Potter last month.

注意：（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who， that， which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：

This is the house in which we lived last year.

这是我们去年居住的房子。

Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.

请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。

（2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。 例如：This is the person whom you are looking for.

这就是你要找的那个人。

a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，

只能用that，而不用which.例如：

He was the first person that passed the exam.

他是第一个通过考试的人。

b. 被修饰的先行词为all， any， much， many，everything， anything， none， the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？

你在商店里有什么东西要买吗

c.先行词被the only， the very， the same， the last，little， few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.

例如：This is the same bike that I lost.

这就是我丢的那辆自行车。

d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that， 而不用which.例如：

I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.

我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。

e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：

Who is the girl that is crying？

正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？

f. 主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如：

There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆

（5）关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况：

a.先行词为that， those时，

What?s that which is under the desk？

b.关系代词前有介词时，例如：

This is the room in which he lives.

c.引导非限制性定语从句，例如：

Tom came back， which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。

限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。