独立写作模板

一、 结构篇

1、开头

Sample one(适用于有一些背景or有一个中心词而且编得出来那个quotation的所有情况（二选一，agree or disagree,除了个别)；

On contemporary society(一般的背景)/ With the advent of the technologically advanced society (the information explosive era（与科技有关的背景），XX（中心词） serves as a catalyst for our future success/ However, people (universities, government, citizen, society, government,) are/is invariably faced with such a question/ can’t help wondering:题目1.Confucian (Yu Qiuyu, Mark Twain, William Shakespeare), (one of) the greatest and most influential Chinese philosophers (scholars, educators, writers, thinkers, statesmen), has insightfully commented, “编____”I cling to an unshakeable belief that his comment gives the Among countless factors which contribute to my position are following conspicuous ones(最后一定排比结尾,且如果字数够了这一句就不要). 要做的：想一句简单的背景+编一句名言+改写两次题目

Sample two：（如果sample one的名言编不出来或者不适合编如

leisure time，就用下面的）

On contemporary society(一般的背景)/ With the advent of the technologically advanced society (the information explosive era（与科技有关的背景）)/ On account of …，XX（中心词） serves as a catalyst for 背景( 如so…that…/not only…but also). However，when it comes to the choice between AA and BB/When asked about whetherpeople get into a dilemma. According to my personality and experiences/As far as I am concerned/From my perspective, I cling to an unshakeable belief that以下最后决定怎样写：Among countless factors which contribute to my position are following conspicuous ones(最后一定排比结尾)/AA not only…but also(2)/There are various merits AA brings about, first of all, to…; secondly, to…;and lastly…(3).

要做的：想一句简单的背景+改写两次题目+总起（最后写）

2、分点一：分层论证

Basic to any understanding of the benefits we can get from

_______ is that__________/ First and foremost,

On one hand_________, On the other hand_________

Besides/ What’s more/ In addition.

这一段主要说理，在分论点里可以加一些小的例子细节，重点是要用一些精华句子！

3、分点二：举例论证

Further lending credence to my position is that____________ （简单阐述/例子字不够就多讲点废话）I can think of no better illustration than the example of（典型例子）/ A case in point is that（不是很典型）________,…..（例子见后面）

一句话总结例子：As a result,强调句/倒装句/表利弊的句型/反面论证如果没有会怎样

4、让步段：

Agree or disagree: Admittedly,_____,to some extent, may directly or indirectly ____ /has its undeniable detriments. For instance, _______ However, the valuable merits of_______ considerably overshadow the drawbacks/ on no account________./

二选一：Admittedly,BB also has certain merits which deserve some words here. For example, ____(字数不够就多讲点) However，Compared with AA, （which 可以总结所有优点或针对BB的一方面, ）it pales.

5、结尾段：

Therefore, due to the above mentioned reasons, which sometimes correlate with each other to form an organic whole and thus become more persuasive than any single one of them(字不够了用), I reinforce my stand point that Only via(by/through /with/when/after) ___can we__________; only via(by/through /with/when/after) ___can we________;

and only via(by/through /with/when/after)___can we_______

Or It is A that...;it is A that...;and it is A that...（不好写或显得累赘就不要了）

二、 语言篇

1、 基本句型

? 因果

On account of/owing to/due to+ N

For the reason that/as/since+句子

It is due to____that

eg:It is due to his persistence and perseverance that he eventually reached his acme.(强调句)

derive/arise/stem from来源于

eg:His success derives from his persistence and perseverance. ascribe A to B 归结于

eg: His success can be ascribed/attributed to his persistence and

perseverance

? 条件

A serves as a catalyst for B(our further success)

If/on condition that/provided that/as long as________ ? 让步

Despite the fact that/regardless of

2、 经典句型

? 倒装

1) Only via(by/through /with/when/after) __do/did/can we__ ef: Only after going to the beach of Hawaii will I know

about American typical type of spending leisure time.

2) Hardly/Seldom/Scarcely can__ of

3) So +adj+主谓倒装+that__

4) Not only 主谓倒装 but also...

eg: Not only should education prepare children to compete

Not only do people care their economic needs,they but also want to meet their spiritual needs.

5) On no account 主谓倒装（决不....）

? 强调

It is/was....that/who(m)....

? 插入语

1) 限定性副词 probably/directly or indirectly/to some(a large) extent

2) N+,ving,+v

3) 同位语

3、经典中的经典

? 排比

1) It is tourism that gives me the opportunity to know the culture of this dynamic, robust and alive country.

2) It is computers that make our life diverse,convenient,dynamic/ vibrant, without which our life would probably pale.

3) A/which needs to be/In this way, A can be readily accepted, respected,appreciated and advocated.

4) Only via university education can we have systematic knowledge concerning arts and science.Only via university education can we know the essence of symbiosis and collaboration. And Only via university education can we meet the demands of society and make our future success inevitable.

? 十大副词

1) Considerably

2) Invariably

3) Undoubtedly/indisputably/incontrovertibly

4) Increasingly

5) Most/exceedingly/exceptionally 格外地

6) Insightfully 富有见地地

7) Regrettably

8) Effectively and efficiently

9) Gradually and eventually

10) Readily

? 其他

1) It is not difficult for us to imagine that 不难想象

2) B makes it possible for us to have an universal access to A/A is readily available. A容易得到

3) In order to survive and thrive in this fiercely competitive society, people have no choice but to work and study hard. 4) Ruthless and relentless无形/fierce and intense competition

The ruthless and relentless competition imposes an unprecedented pressure on each and every individual, and therefore, there is no exaggeration to say that our innovative and inventive ability can lay a solid foundation for our future,

enabling us to survive and thrive in the modern world.

5) Inspiration, aspiration and perspiration

6) Vision,passion and mission

7) 其他词语见最后清单p120

三、论证篇（详见讲义）

1、模糊论证

Range from...（其他见讲义）

2、举例论证

? 自己的例子

I can think of no better illustration than the example of my own visit to Singapore. Only after going shopping on Orchard road, the main shopping district in Singapore,did I realize what "a paradise for shopping"really was. Only after roaming in the City Hall,the financial center of Singapore, did I experience the quick pace of modern life. Only after lying on the beach of Sentosa did I know about the Singaporean typical way of spending leisure time.

? 名人的例子（Yu Minghong，。。。）

? 社会的例子

For example, on account of the advent of the technologically advanced society, employers tend to hire people equipped with a wide range of knowledge rather than the ones with limited

knowledge.

? 瞎编的例子

3、数据论证

I can think of no better illustration than the statistic. Experts from the Department of Sociology in Peking University pointed out that the average sleeping time an adult has everyday, compared with 8 hours in the 1970s, has decreased to 6.8 hours due to the busy work and study.

4、引用论证(开头）

5、假想论证

Imagine/visualize/picture/suppose ....

 

第二篇：TOEFL---作文短语 自己总结

提高效率

effectively boost one’s efficiency (to an unprecedented extent)

enhance one’s efficiency

提高生产率

boost/enhance productivity

丰富知识

enrich one’s knowledge

慈善活动

(have a life filled with) beneficent activities

消除信心

erode one’s confidence

面对困境

face up to a difficult situation

…..是一生的过程

…….is a lifelong process

达成共识

reach e consensus

浪费

squander time/money/the advantage

确保做某事

make it a point to………

只有通过这种方式才能有效控制这种情况

Only in this way can the problem of…be effectively controlled.

不仅…而且…

Not only should/will sb. do sth. , but sb. should/will also do sth.

(eg：Not only should the parents spend more time with their children,they should also try to communicate with their children more often.)

在任何情况下都不能…….

On no account should….

双重否定：

It is not unrealistic to……

It is not uncommon that…..

It is not uncommon for…to…

Not surprisingly,……..

使某人做某事

allow sb. to do

enable sb. to do

开拓眼界

expand sb’s outlook

have a broader view of life

毕业后

upon graduation

不健康的习惯/生活方式/食物

unwholesome hobby/lifestyle/food

（unwholesome=unhealthy）

破坏身体健康

…….undermines people’s health

有研究表明……..

Studies reveal that………

…与…之间有密切联系

There is a definite link between……and…….(such as….)

做…是很危险的

There are certainly dangers in……….

……..是不人道的

…..is/are inhumane

受欢迎

…….has been gaining in popularity

……..的人们

Those who……….

People who………

程度高：

greatly

at an amazing rate

effectively

dramatically

severely severe

过时的

obsolete

生活中必不可少的部分

a necessary part of life

视野狭隘

their perspective would be narrow

A比B受益更多

A benefit from… to a greater extent than B

A比B收益一样，甚至更多

A benefit as much,or even more than B

带来很多收益

……bring numerous benefits from…

成年后

in one’s aldult years

更好的解决问题

deal with problems more effectively

环境污染

environmental contamination

难以解决

…is hard to solve

关注

pay attention to…….

concentrate on…….

focus on…………….

很多人

There are a great many people…….

首先应该做的是

The first step that should be taken is to………..

老人

the aged

青年人

the youth

青春期生活

the adolescent life

导致

result in…..

contribute to….

lead to……..

give rise to……（负面的）

放在优先地位

give priority to …..

实现

fulfill one’s (tasks,potential,promise)

合作

collaborate with sb.

适应

be adapt to….

become accustomed to…..

adjust sb. to sth.

提高适应能力

improve one’s adjusting competence improve one’s adaptability

团队精神

a strong team spirit

采取措施

take steps

毅力

perseverance

willpower

挫折

setback

有决定性的

decisive

每天

daily

全面发展的学生/教育

a well-rounded student/education

自制力

self-discipline

职业教育

vocational education

熟练掌握…

be proficient in…….

be adept in…..

使某人分心

distract sb. from…….

为…打好基础

lay a solid foundation for…..

青少年犯罪

youth crime

限制创造力

constrain creativity

辩证的思考

think critically

省钱的

economical

信息爆炸

information explosion

信息时代

the information age

虚拟世界

the virtual world

互联网的广泛使用

the proliferation of the internet

the extensive/widespread use of the internet

科技创新

technological innovations

不可想象的

inconceivable

unimaginable

优秀的

remarkable outstanding distinguished

很多的

numerous

不可缺少的

indispensable

勤奋的

industrious

好的

desirable

大量的

a wealth of…

强烈的

intense(pressure,emotions)

发展迅猛的

burgeoning(demand for energy,needs)

需要……..

…..make great demands on sth.

培养

cultivate(creativity,skills,interest)

消除

eliminate(poverty,injustice,discrimination)

紧迫的事情

pressing issues

建设性意见

constructive suggestions

高工资工作

high-paying jobs

耗时间的

time-consuming

睡眠不足的

sleep-deprived

重要的

significant essential vital

显著地

considerably

人际交往能力

interpersonal skills

职业前景

career prospects

完美的

flawless

有竞争力的

competent

竞争激烈的

competitive

人均寿命

life expectancy

随着生活节奏的加快

As the pace of life In the city speeds up

交通堵塞

traffic congestion

减轻交通堵塞

alleviate traffic congestion

理想和现实的巨大反差

the large gap between aspiration and reality

实际上

in reality

不用怀疑的是

undoubtedly

归因于

be attributed to…….（多用于贬义）

以…为代价

at the expense of……..

无法保证……

There is no guarantee that….

基于

on the basis of.

……每天都在发生

……is a daily occurrence.

……毫不奇怪

It’s no wonder that……..

最关键的是…

More than anything,…….

做贡献

make a difference（褒义）

…的大量扩散（环境污染、互联网）

the proliferation of….(eg:fast-food restaurants)

很可能

In all likelihood,………..

绝不是

……….,by no means,……..

客观的看待……

put sth. in perspective

…….是无法替代的

There’s no substitute for……

可以毫不夸张地说，……。

It’s no exaggeration to say that……..

说……是片面的

It’s too simplistic to say that………

怎样说……的重要性都不为过

I’s hard to overstate the significance of…..

需要

人——need

物——require,necessitate sth.

……是……的决定性因素

……is an important factor in determing……… ……is a key determinant of…………

……是……的重要因素

……is an important element of………..

……是……的导致因素之一

……is a contributing factor to sth.

相反的是，……。

Quite the opposite,……….

应该做某事

Sb. would be well-advised to do sth.

……促使某人做某事

……impels/prompts sb. to do

……和……不是相互冲突的

……and……are not mutually exclusive

……和……是相互有利的

……and……are mutually beneficial

采取措施做某事

take measures/steps to do sth.

各种各样的

a wide range of……….

a variety of…….

……是突飞猛进的

（The IT industry/Your english level）have improved by leaps and bounds

……的来临

The advent of……..

社会凝聚力

the fabric of society

复制别人的成功

replicating others’ successes

名人名言的引用

The motto “……………………..”is a saying that I agree with.

名人名言

条条大路通罗马all roads lead to Rome

站在巨人的肩膀上看得更远one could see further on giant’s shoulders