一轮复习初四中考知识点总结

数学分块训练

模块一 数与代数

一.实数的概念

实数的分??????正整数

???整数?0

?有理数???

???负整数

?

??

??分数

??正分数

?负分数

??无理数?正无理数

???负无理数

?1.开方开不尽的数

无理数有三种常见的形式???2.带?的式子

?3.构造上

注意,:无;按理由aa2,a(a?0),要负注数

????正整数

?正实数??正有理数?

???正分数

实数的分类(按符号分)???正无理数

?0

???负整数

?负实数?负有理数?

??

???负分数

??负无理数

?

类的是分。意性有照数数

?1.数轴:?2.相反数??3.绝对值?

实数的概念? ?4.倒数??5.科学记数法

??

二.实数的运算

1.实数的加,减,乘,除法则与有理数法则相同。

2.实数的运算律:加法交换律:

加法结合律:

乘法交换律:

乘法结合律:

乘法分配律:

3.实数幂的运算:(1)a0? (a?0)

(2)a?n? (a?0,n为正整数)

4.平方根,算术平方根,立方根的概念:

第二模块 有理数与二次根式

一.整式的概念:

??系数:?单项式???次数:

1.整式? ?多项式:

2.同类项

3.整式的加减:实质是去括号合并

4.幂的运算:同底数幂相乘:

幂的乘方:

积的乘方:

5.整式的乘法:

单项式乘以多项式:

多项式乘以多项式:

6.整式除法:

单项式除法:

多项式除以单项式:

二.因式分解:

定义:

?提公因式法:????公式法?? 方法?????十字相乘法:

三.分式的概念与运算

概念:

?性质:

性质:??约分 ??通分

分式的运算:

(1)分式的乘除

(2)分式的乘方:

(3)分式的加减:??同分母

?异分母

(4)分式的混合运算的运算顺序:先乘方,再乘除,进行约分,化简后,最后进行加减运算,若有括号先算括号里的。

四.二次根式的概念与运算:

1.二次根式的概念:

(1)二次根式:式子 叫做二次根式。

(2)最简二次根式必须同时符合以下条件:

被开方数不含有

被开方数不含有2.二次根式的性质:

(1)(aa?0)是 数

(2)(a)2?(a?0)

(3)a2=

(4)ab=

(5)ab

3.二次根式的运算:

(1)二次根式的乘除:a?b=

(2)二次根式的加减法运算:先将各二次根式化成 二次根式,再合并 的二次根式。

 

第二篇:20xx年中考第一轮复习人教版(新目标)八下Units 1-2知识点总结

20xx年中考第一轮复习人教版新目标八下Units12知识点总结

20xx年中考第一轮复习人教版(新目标)八下Units1-2

知识点总结

一、词汇复习

(一)单词复习

1. fall v. 落下;跌落,其过去式是fell。

Rain is falling. 正下着雨。

fall in love with 爱上(某人或某物)

I fell in love with the skirt when I saw it. 当我一见到这件裙子,我就喜欢上了它。 fall n. 秋天

It’s cool in fall. 秋天很凉爽。

单项选择

As soon as my sister saw the beautiful toy pandas, she _____ them and decided to buy one.

A. thought of B. agreed with C. waited for D. fell in love with

2. alone adv. 单独地;孤独地,相当于by oneself。

She went home alone. 她独自回家去了。

alone adj. 独自的,常作表语。

The girl is alone. 这女孩独自一人。

辨析:alone和lonely

20xx年中考第一轮复习人教版新目标八下Units12知识点总结

Mr. Read lives alone in the lonely village, but he is never lonely. He has many friends. 里德先生寡居于偏僻的小村中却从未感到孤单。他有很多朋友。

单项选择

That old man lives in the house _____. He doesn’t feel _____.

A. lonely; lonely B. alone; alone C. alone; lonely D. lonely; alone

3. dress v. 穿衣,作不及物动词

Get up and dress quickly. 赶快起床穿衣服。

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20xx年中考第一轮复习人教版新目标八下Units12知识点总结

dress v. 给??穿衣,作及物动词,也可构成dress oneself,意为“给自己穿衣”。 The mother is dressing her baby. 妈妈正在给婴儿穿衣服。

The boy can dress himself. 这男孩能自己穿衣。

dress up 穿上盛装;打扮

The children dressed up as policemen. 孩子们把自己打扮成了警察。

辨析:dress, wear和put on

三者都有“穿衣”的意思,但“穿”法不同。

20xx年中考第一轮复习人教版新目标八下Units12知识点总结

The child isn’t old enough _____ himself.

A. wear B. to wear C. to put on D. to dress

4. possible adj. 可能的

It’s possible for an- eight- month baby to walk

对于一个八个月的婴儿来说,会走路是可能的。

impossible adj. 不可能的,是possible的反义词。

Nothing is impossible if you put your heart into it. 如果你全神贯注,没有事情是不可能的。 单项选择

The Internet makes it ____ for us to send information to each other in a few seconds.

A. possible B. necessary C. impossible D. important

5. seem v. 像是;似乎

seem用法如下:

A. seem + adj./ n. 似乎是??

Lucy seems quite happy. 露西似乎很高兴。

It seems a good idea. 似乎是一个好主意。

B. seem + to do sth. 好像??

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20xx年中考第一轮复习人教版新目标八下Units12知识点总结

Group 2 seemed to win the match. 二组好像赢了比赛。

C. It seems that … 好像??

It seems that he was ill. 似乎他病了。

其中,B与C两用法可以互相转换。

His temperature seems to be all right. = It seems that his temperature is all right.

他的体温好像很正常。

单项选择

The old man ____ to have known the good news.

A. needs B. wants C. seems D. sounds

6. argue v. 争论;争吵,常用短语为:argue with sb. 意为“与某人争吵”。

Joe often argues with his classmates. 乔经常与他的同学争吵。

argument n. 争论;争吵

We had an argument with each other last week. 上周我们互相发生了争吵。

同义句转换

Who had an argument with your English teacher?

Who _____ ______ your English teacher?

7. wrong adj. 错误的;有毛病的;不适合的,修饰不定代词,位置后置。

It’s wrong to talk in class. 课堂上说话是错误的。

There’s nothing wrong with the baby. 这婴儿什么毛病也没有。

What’s wrong with? … 与What’s the matter with…? , What’s the trouble with…? 同义,意为“怎么了(出什么毛病了)?”

Something is wrong with… = There is something wrong with…,意为“??出毛病了。 wrong adv. 错误的;不正确的

He told me wrong. 他对我讲的是错的。

wrong n. 错误;坏事

She’s too young to know right from wrong. 她的年纪轻还不能明辨是非。

单项选择

Is there _______ with your computer?

A. something wrong B. wrong something

C. anything wrong D. wrong anything

8. surprise v. 使惊奇;使意外,过去式是surprised。

What I said surprised all of them. 我的话让他们都很惊讶。

surprise n. 惊奇;诧异,常构成短语:in surprise 惊奇地;

to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是

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20xx年中考第一轮复习人教版新目标八下Units12知识点总结

To our surprise, he won first prize. 让我们感到惊讶的是,他获得了一等奖。

surprised adj. 对??感到惊奇,主语是表示人的词。

He is surprised at the news. 他对这则消息感到惊讶。

surprising adj. 使人惊奇的,作定语时,修饰表物的词,作表语时,主语是表物的词。 What a surprising result it is! 多么让人吃惊的结果!

单项选择

The story _____me. That is, I’m ______ at the ______ story.

A. surprise; surprising; surprised B. surprises; surprised; surprised

C. surprise; surprised; surprising D. surprises; surprised; surprising

9. either adv. 也(不??),用在否定句后加强语气。

She doesn’t like singing, and she doesn’t like dancing, either.

她不喜欢唱歌,也不喜欢跳舞。

辨析:either, too 和also

三者都可作“也”讲,但用法稍有不同。

20xx年中考第一轮复习人教版新目标八下Units12知识点总结

either pron. 任一; (两方中的) 每一方

You can choose either of the apples.

两个苹果你可以任选一个。

either …or … 要

20xx年中考第一轮复习人教版新目标八下Units12知识点总结

么??要么??;或者??或者,使用时如果连接两个主语,谓语动词要与or后面的主语保持一致。

Either you or I am right on this question. 在这个问题上,要么你对,要么我对。

辨析:either和both

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20xx年中考第一轮复习人教版新目标八下Units12知识点总结

(2009·泰安)— I am not sure which tie to wear for the party.

—God! I have no idea, ______.

A. too B. neither C. either D. also

10. except prep. 除;把??除外,即减去,不包括。

Everyone went to the park except Jim. 所有学生都去了公园,只有吉姆没有去。

besides prep. 除了??外,还有??,即加上,包括。

All the other students went to the park besides Jim. 除了吉姆,其他所有学生也都去了公园。 单项选择

(2009·无锡) Mr. Lin gave the textbooks to all the students ______ the ones who had already taken them.

A. except B. including C. among D. with

(二)短语复习

1. _______in love with 爱上(某人或某物)

2. _______skating 去滑冰

3. be ______ to 有能力做某事;会做某事

4. come ______(希望等)实现;达到

5. in the ______未来;将来

6. _______of 大量;许多

7. keep ______不让??进入

8. out of ______不时髦的;过时的

9. ______sb. up 打电话给??

10. _____ the phone 用电话交谈;在通话

11. ______ for 付??账;付买??的钱

12. _______job 兼职工作

13. the ______as 与??同样的

14. ______style 时髦的;流行的

15. get _____/ _______相处;进展

16. _____…into … 找到时间(做某事)

17. as…as_______尽可能??

18. all ______ of 各种各样的

19. on the ______hand (在)一方面

20. on the ______hand (在)另一方面

二、句型复习

1. Do you think there will be robots in People’s homes?

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20xx年中考第一轮复习人教版新目标八下Units12知识点总结

2. There will be fewer care and more buses.

3. On the weekend, I’ll be able to dress more casually.

4. For example, there are already robots working in factories.

5. That may not seem possible now.

6. What’s wrong? = What’s the matter?

7. What should I do?

8. I’m very upset and don’t know what to do.

9. Teachers complain about teaching tired kids in the classroom.

10. They may find it difficult to plan things for themselves.

答案

一、

(一)

1. D 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. C 6. argued with 7. C 8. D 9. C 10. A (二)

1. fall 2. go 3. able 4. true 5. future 6. hundreds 7. out 8. style 9. call

10. on 11. pay 12. part-time 13. same 14. in 15. on/ along 16. fit 17. possible 18. kinds 19. one 20. other

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