口译总结

口译记忆

一、 信息视觉化和现实化训练。这种训练是针对大脑对意像语料的敏感性而设计的,旨

在训练译员通过将信息内容现实化、视觉化来记忆信息的能力。

二、逻辑分层记忆训练

“复述法”的步骤进行。

(1)由训练者(或练习伙伴)以适当的语速现场发布源语信息,长度应掌握在1至5分钟之内。

(2)接受训练者凭记忆储存源语内容,并尽量用译语记忆。

(3)接受训练者用译语对原文的内容进行要点复述。

(4)复述后可进行讲评、切磋,探讨遗漏信息的性质和原因。

(5)练习可分阶段进行。复述的内容逐渐由大意进入细节,并逐渐提高对细节准确性的要求。

(6)整个过程中不允许记笔记。

三、数字记忆训练

高译员对数字的感知和记忆的敏锐程度

参加口译考试,必须熟悉语音设备的使用。同时,还要注意以下几点:

1. 不要抢话。

2. 在规定时间内说完。

3. 说话连贯。阅卷人只能听到录音,看不到考生的脸。因此,阅卷人判断翻译水平高低的

所有因素都来源于录音,如果录音中出现很多“嗯”、“啊”或长时间停顿、思考、犹豫,甚至从头重说,阅卷人的耐心就会一点点的被耗尽,最后的得分也可以而知。

4. 字正腔圆。

我们参加口译考试的时候应该坐直身子,挺胸抬头,这样气流才能从口中平稳的呼出,如果能够翻译的时候面带微笑就更好了,因为你面部的微笑最终会体现在你的录音里。

5. 音量适中保持一致。

6. 不要有杂音。这里的杂音主要指的是考生自己发出来的声音,诸如咳嗽、打喷嚏、叹气、

呼吸急促、鼻涕稀溜溜的声音、自言自语、随便挪动椅子发出的声音等等。

7. 保持冷静。

建议平常多去语音室给自己录音,然后根据我说的这几条去找毛病,改毛病,重复几次,至少在形式上就不会有什么问题了。至于内容上的毛病,那也不是今天讨论的话题。

如果没有条件进语音室,就拿个MP3,听一段,翻一段,录一段,然后听录音,找毛病。如此重复,考试时也就不会那么紧张了。

中国古代有种舞,就是驱鬼逐疫的祭祀仪式上跳的舞。

In ancient China, there were a form of dance which was performed at ritual ceremonies to frighten off the ghosts and to relieve people of epidemics.

当考生们看到“驱鬼逐疫”的时候,大可不必惊慌,一定要冷静。先在脑子里把“驱鬼逐疫”解释一下,意思就是“让鬼和疾病都远离人们”,接着再口译就比较轻松了。

1.近一时期,国际上发生了许多大事,上至政治家,下至老百姓,都无法视而不见,充耳不闻。

Some major events have taken place in recent months. None of us, from politicians to people in the street, can afford to overlook.

“都无法视而不见,充耳不闻。”的意思就是“不能忽视”,所以这里大可不必费力的翻译成“turn a blind eye to, turn a deaf ear to”, 只要翻译成 “overlook”. “neglect” 等词就可以了。

2.北京,这座古老而充满活力的城市,正以铿锵的步伐昂首阔步迈向国际现代化大都市之列。 Beijing, an energetic city with a long history, is now becoming/ rising to become one of the world’s modern metropolises.

听到这样的句子,对于练习较少的考生来说,肯定会被“铿锵”、“昂首阔步”搞得晕头转向。其实,原文的意思也就是“北京正在成为一个国际大都市”。

技巧一:“简化”原文。口译原则就是KISS(keep it simple but not stupid).

技巧二:运用常识 (common sense)

【考试关键能力】

听力

笔记

快速的中英互译能力

流畅标准的口语

心理素质

一.比较级-er+than?和more +原级+than?将不同性质的形容词或副词加以比较时,有"不如??""毋宁??"的否定意义。

1.He is braver than wise.

他有勇无谋。

2.He is more dead than alive.

与其说他活着,不如说他死了。

3.She certainly knows better than to tackle such a problem by herself.

她很明白不能独自去解决这个问题。

4.He is wiser than to risk his money in that undertaking.

他不会蠢到投资那项事业的地步。

5.He is more of a politician than a scholar.

与其说他是个学者,不如说他是个政客。

6.You'd better go home than stay here.

你呆在这里还不如回家去呢。

二.more+than?can? 这样的句型在翻译时不可依照字面直译,more than后面虽是肯定形式,实际意义却是"达不到可能的程度"、"简直不可能"等否定意义。如:

1.He has more books than he can read.

他的藏书之多使他不可能读完。

2.The beauty of Hang Zhou is more than I can describe.

杭州的美丽非语言所能描绘。

有时,单独使用more也表达一种否定意义。如:

1.More imaginative might have done more with what they had.

(只要拥有他们所有,)任何人都会干得比他们出色(他们干得不出色)。

2.I gave you credit for being more sensible.

我没想到你竟这样蠢!

3.That is more than I can tell.

那我就不能多讲了。

4.That is more than you can do.

这是你所不及的。

三. 英语句意的否定含义,通过下面的形式也能表现出来,即:the last...+定语从句(或to inf.),意为"最不可能的"、"极少可能的"、"最不合适的"。从句式上看是表示一种最高级的肯定,但其实意是否定的。比如:

1.He is the last man to accept a bribe.

他不是受贿的那种人。

2.He would be the last man to say such things.

他决不会说这种话。

3.Romantic is the last thing I am.

我决非浪漫之人。

4.He is the last man for such job.

他最不配担任这项工作。

5.This is the last place where I expected to meet you.

我怎么也没有想到在这里遇见你。

四.far from +动名词也可表示否定意义。这里的far已不再表示距离,而成为比喻用法,翻译时汉语中要具有"远非??"、"决不??"的意思。如:

1.He is far from being honest.

他决非诚实之人。

2.I'm far from blaming him.

我决不是怪他。

3.Her writing is far from perfection.

她的写作还不够完美。

有时,far from +其它成份放在句末,作为一个独立单句,以加重主句的语气,但翻译时要表达出英语中的意思,即:否定。例:

1.This case is not as you represent,far from it!

这事完全不同你说的,完全不同。

2.-You have done it well

你干得不错。

-Far from it.

差远了。

五.英语中某些词或词组也可以用来表示否定,尽管在形式上是肯定的,可句意是否定的,所以翻译时要考虑到这一点。如:副词beyond,介词except,动词avoid,stop, hate,fail(及名词failure)及一些短语free from ,free of,instead of,be out of等在句中的含义。例

1.Your request is beyond my power.

你的请求我办不到。

2.The library opens everyday except Sunday.

图书馆除了星期日(不开),每天都开放。

3.Do you know why she is always trying to avoid you?

你知道她为什么老是不想见你吗?

4.Stop talking nonsense!

别胡说八道。

5.Her husband hates to see her strong face .

她丈夫不愿见到她那毫无表情的脸。

6.I failed to persuade(in persuading) her.

我没有能够说服她。

7.His failure to observe the safety regulation resulted in an accident to the machine.

他没有遵守安全规则,结果造成机器故障。

8.You are free from any fault because of your carefulness.

因为你小心谨慎,你一点过错也没有。

9.It is a house free of mouse.

这是一所无鼠害的房子。

10.Instead of going to Europe,they are going to the U.S.

他们不打算去欧洲,而准备赴美。

11.This style of dress is out of fashion.

这种样式的服装已不时髦了。

另外,短语anything but也表示否定,意思是"除??以外任何事(物),根本不","一点也不",翻译时千万不能译为"??什么都是,除了??"。例如:

1.I will do anything but that.

我决不干那件事。

2.The bridge is anything but safe.

那桥一点也不安全。

六.关于这类否定意义的表达体现在肯定的句式中的另一个方面是谚语。英语和汉语中都有大量的谚语,谚语是民族语言的结晶,它们形象生动,短小精悍。在理解和翻译过程中,大部分不能按照字面理解更不能直译;而且有一部分虽原句是肯定句式,但不能译成汉语的肯定句式。因此翻译时要注意翻译技巧,不改变原句的精华,又要照顾到汉语的文化特色,使句子通俗易懂。如以下几句:

1.All cats are gray in the dark.

人在成名以前看不出有什么区别。

2.Art is long,but life is short.

人生有限,学问无涯。

3.Beauty is but skin deep.

人不可貌相。

4.While the grass grows the horse starves.

远水救不了近火。

 

第二篇:口译词汇:教育类词汇总结.doc

(大学)代理校长 Acting President

(大学)副校长 Vice President

(大学)校长 President/Chancellor

(大学)专科 Major Types of Education in China short 2- to 3- year higher education programs

(大学的)研究小组;讨论会 seminar

(国家)助学金 (state)stipend/subsidy

(戏剧学院)表演系Acting Department

(系)主任 chairman; chairperson

(小学)校长 Head /Master

(职工)子弟学校 school for children of workers & staff members

(中学)校长 Principal

爱国主义教育 education in patriotism

百分制 100-mark system

班主任 Class Discipline Adviser/Head Teacher

办学效益 efficiency in school management

半工半读学校 part-work and part-study school

半文盲 semiliterate; functional illiterate

包分配 guarantee job assignments

被授权 be authorized to do

必修课 required/compulsory course

毕业典礼 graduation ceremony; commencement

毕业鉴定 graduation appraisal

毕业论文 thesis; dissertation

毕业设计 graduation ceremony

毕业生 graduate

毕业实习 graduation field work

毕业证书 diploma; graduation certificate

博士 doctor (Ph.D)

博士后 post doctorate

博士后科研流动站 center for post-doctoral studies 补考 make-up examination

补习学校 continuation school

不及格 fail

材料工程系 Department of Materials Engineering 材料科学系 Department of Materials Science 财贸学校 finance and trade school

财政拨款 financial allocation

测量系 Department of Survey

成绩单 school report; report card; transcript 成人教育 adult education

成人学校 adult school

成人夜校 night school for adults

成为有理想,有道德,有文化,守纪律的劳动者 to become working people with lofty ideals, moral integrity, education and a sense of discipline

初等教育 elementary education

初中 junior middle school

辍/失学青少年 school dropout/leaver

大学肆业生 undergraduate

德才兼备 to combine ability with character; equal stress on integrity and ability 低年级学生 lower grade pupil/student; pupil/student in junior grades

地理系 Department of Geography

地球物理系 Department of Geophysics

地质系 Department of Geology

电机工程系 Department of Electrical Engineering

电机制造学校 electrical machinery school

电力学校 electric power school

电视大学 T.V. university

电子系 Department of Electronics

雕塑系 Department of Sculpture

定向招生 students are admitted to be trained for pre-determined employers 东方语言学系 Department of Oriental Languages & Literature

动物学系 Department of Zoology

动员 mobilize

短训班 short-term training course

多学科的 multi-disciplinary

俄语系 Department of Russian

发挥学生主动性、创造性 to give scope to the students' initiative and creativeness 法律系 Department of Law

法语系 French Language Department

反复灌输 inculcate

纺织工程系 Department of Textile Engineering

纺织航海学校 textile machinery school

分数 mark; grade

分校 branch school

服务性行业 service trade

辅导员 assistant for political and ideological work

附中 attached middle school

附属中学 attached middle school

副教授 associate professor

副修minor

副主任 vice-chairman

岗位培训 undergo job-specific training

高等教育 higher/tertiary education

高等学校 institution of higher education

高年级学生 upper/higher grade pupil/student; pupil/student in senior grades 高中 senior middle school

工程物理系 Department of Engineering Physics

工业大学 polytechnic university

工业工程系 Department of Industrial Engineering 工业管理系 Department of Industrial Management 工业设计系 Department of Industrial Design

工业学院 engineering institute

公费生 government-supported student

公开课 open class

共产主义道德品质 communist ethics

共产主义教育 education in communism

管理科学系 Department of Management Science

广播电视大学 television and radio broadcasting university 国画系 Department of Tradition Chinese Painting 国际关系系 Department of International Relations 国际经济系 Department of International Economics 国际劳工组织 International Labor Organization

国际贸易系 Department of International Trade

国际文化交流 intercultural communication

国际政治系 Department of International Politics

国际主义教育 education in internationalism

国家发明奖 National Invention Prize

国家教育经费 national expenditure on education

国家科技进步奖 National Prize for Progress in Science and Technology 国家统计局 the State Statistical Bureau

国家自然科学奖 National Prize for Natural Sciences

海洋学系 Department of Oceanography

函授大学 correspondence college

航海系 Department of Navigation

河流港湾工程系 Department of River & Harbor Engineering

护理系 Department of Nursing

护士学校 nurses' school

化工学校 chemical engineering school

化学系 Department of Chemistry

环境工程学系 Department of Environmental Engineering

会计系 Department of Accounting

会计学校 accountant school

伙食补助 food allowance

伙食费 board expenses

机械工程系 Department of Mechanical Engineering

基本框架 basic framework

基础科学 the fundamentals

基础课 basic course

基金会 foundation

及格 pass

集体主义教育 education in collectivism

计算机学系 Department of Computer Science

记者招待会 press conference

技工学校 school of technology

寄宿生 boarder

家业经济系 Department of Agricultural Economics

假期工作vacation jobs

坚持社会主义方向 to keep to the socialist orientation

兼职教授 Part-time Professor

建筑工程系 Department of Architectural Engineering

建筑工程学校 building engineering school

建筑学 Department of Architecture

讲师 Lecturer/Instructor

奖励 rewards

奖学金scholarship

奖学金生 prize fellow

教材编写组 Teaching Materials Writing Group

教导主任 Director of Teaching and

教师进修学校 teachers' college for vocational studies

教授 professor

教书育人 to educate the person as well as impart book knowledge 教务长 Dean/Director of Teaching Affairs, dean of studies

教学、科研、生产的"三结合" "3-in-1 combination" involving teaching, research, and production

教学大纲 teaching program; syllabus

教学内容 content of courses

教学人员 the faculty; teaching staff

教学组 teaching group

教研室/组 teaching and research section/group

教研室主任 Head of the Teaching and Research Section

教育必须为社会主义现代化服务,必须同生产劳动相结合,培养德智体全面发展的建设者和接班人。 Education must serve the needs of socialist modernization, be integrated with productive labor, and train builders and successors who are well developed morally, intellectually and physically.

教育部 Ministry of Education

教育程度educational background

教育方针 guideline(s)/guiding principle(s) for education

教育投入 input in education

教育系 Department of Education

教育要面向现代化,面向世界,面向未来 Gear education to the needs of modernization, the world and the future

教员休息室 staff room; common room

教职员 teaching and administrative staff

结合、使加入 incorporate

解剖学 Department of Anatomy

进修班 class for advanced studies

进修课程refresher course

经济(学)系 Department of Economics

经济管理系 Department of Economic Management 考古学系 Department of Archaeology

考试examination

客座教授 visiting professor; guest professor 课程 course; curriculum

课程包括curriculum included

课程表 school timetable

课程重点部分educational highlights

课堂讨论 class discussion

课外辅导 instruction after class

课外活动 extracurricular activities

课外阅读 outside reading

矿冶系 Department of Mining and Metallurgy 昆虫学系 Department of Entomology

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