MBA英语写作（2010作文分段式模板）

PART A 作文分析

* 而公务信函就有很大的可能要出题。形式主要有：询问信、建议信、求职信、推荐信、邀请信、投诉信、辞职信、感谢信、道歉信。

* 要重点准备这9种形式的信。每封信是6个句子左右，每种信函至少要准备3个句子。信函考试的是说话的方式，必须要考虑到收信人与你的关系。能否礼貌地说话，是考试的重点。

PART B 作文分析

写作思路

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* 中文思路重要: 1.找出中文关键词 e.g. 09年短信真题 2.中文关键词派生相关内容(随便写) 短信-短信平台,群发,彩信,发短信的人,年轻学生. 3.归纳总结关键信息词. 4.写出中文思路关键句子，二到三个原因或方法或措施主题句和文章主题句子。 * 5.第一主要原因扩展内容，一个原因扩展二句和一个例子。

* 6.翻译句子.

提纲环节（三种）

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* 开头段 两面型 果因型 “How”型 提出双方观点 提出现象＋过渡句 提出问题＋过渡句 1.自己观点的原因1 原因1 方法1 2.自己观点的原因2 原因2 方法2 3.自己观点的原因3 原因3 方法3 结论段 双方观点结论 现象前景结论 方法前景结论 第一步：写出开头段 模块1：两面型提出观点开头（转折法开头）

* 模板：It is widely accepted that ___________（主题）,_____________（名词扩展插入语，对这个主题进行一些修饰，如介词短语，时间状语，地点状语）, ___________（谓语动词）+扩展从句（有宾语可以使用定从，无宾语可以使用状从，如没有把握这个从句可以不写）However, others argue that___________（主题的近义词，避免与上一句重复）, more often than not（往往） （副词做插入语）, ___________（谓语动词） _________（反面观点）（适当修饰定语）.

* 例如：工作压力是好事还是坏事？

* It is widely accepted that this competitive world, the staff immensely. However, others argue that stress, more often than not, is harmful to the * 模块2：果因型提出现象

* Recently, one of the hottest (most controversial) topics/issues arousing general concern is that ___________（主题）,_____________（名扩插入语，对这个主题进行一些修

饰），谓语＋宾语＋定从。In my opinion, there are several factors responsible for this (phenomenon, increase, situation, problem…….)

* Recently, one of the hottest (most controversial) topic arousing general concern is that more often that not, who cannot assume excessive pressure. In my opinion, there are several factors responsible for this problem. /It is no simply task to identify the negative effects of this phenomenon which involves several complicated factors.

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* 模块3：how 题型 模板扩容（对立及现象开头替换单句） Nowadays, mounting attention has been turned to the___________（主题）, _____________（名扩插入语，对这个主题进行一些修饰）Therefore it is high time that measures were taken to prevent this.

* Nowadays, mounting attention has been turned to the in work, invariably brought to everyone in this competitive world. The immediate consequence is the damage of individual employee’s health. Therefore it is high time that measures were taken to prevent this.

模板扩容

现象模板句型-对立型1

* When asked about…,the that….But other people …as….I ……

* 1997 SMOKING AND HEALTH

* 2004 Which is More Important, Family or Career?

现象模板句型-对立型2

* When it comes to…,some people think/believe that…others argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true.There is probably some truth in both arguments/statements,but… 现象模板句型-对立型

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* Outline 1. 有人认为财富比健康重要。 2. 有人认为健康比财富重要。

* 3. 你的看法。

* 现象-不同观点-你意见-原因

* 提纲环节

现象模板句型-现象型1

* Recently the rise in/phenomenon of/problem of/question of…has 1:

* 2:caused/aroused wide/general/considerable/international concern…

* 1997 SMOKING AND HEALTH

现象模板句型-现象型2

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One of the biggest issues/hottest topics/most popular things/most serious problems 2002Outline 1. Failure is what often happens. 2. Different attitudes towards failure. many people talk/complain about now is….

* 3. Your attitude

* 现象-不同观点-你意见-原因

现象模板句型-现象型

* 2003

* Outline

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* 1. 有人认为财富比健康重要。 2. 有人认为健康比财富重要。 3. 你的看法。 现象-不同观点-你意见-原因 With the rapid/marked/amazing 1:development/improvement/expansion of 2:increase/growth/decline in…. /with the general/growing/common 1:recognition/realization/acknowledgement of 现象模板句型-现象型3

* 2:interest in/concern over/enthusiasm for提纲环节

现象模板句型-现象型

* 2005

* “五一” 、“十一”长假丰富了人们的业余生活，促进了旅游经济的发展，同时也带来诸如交通拥挤、环境污染等问题。请就“黄金周”的经济发展与环境问题向政府有关部门写一封信，提出自己的见解和建议。

* 现象--原因-措施

模板扩容（对立及现象开头替换单句）

* 对立法：

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* When asked about…, most people say There is a public debate today Now, it is widely believed Many of us believe that To the general public， In reaction to the idea, some people say these days we often hear about

* we are often shown these days

模板扩容（对立及现象开头替换单句）

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现象法： Recently the phenomenon has aroused wide concern Recently the problem has been brought into focus Many nations have been faced with the problem One of the biggest issues many people talk about is Now most dangerous for our society is An acute shortage of…is now under way Now in many big cities With the rapid development of Nowadays there is a growing tendency In recent few years there is a sudden increase 提纲环节

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* 第二步：中间段的提纲 模块4：两面型中间段提纲 所要驳斥的观点的原因 所支持的原因（复杂） 中间段 原因1（简短） 原因1+例证 原因2（简短） 原因2+强调句 原因3（简短） 原因3 第三环节：中段拓展 模块8：中间第2段 But according to me, I firmly hold that its negative effect overweighs its benefits for the following reasons或work strain is more devastating than beneficial. First, too much pressure can damage employee’s health.（简单句） It is the decline in health that in return produces a negative effect on the work.（强调句） For example, due to the high pressure in work, a prominent journalist died on his way to interview a scholar, which is a tragedy and loss of the whole country （例证句）.

提纲环节

* 模块9：中间第3段

* Besides, the enthusiasm of the staff can be restricted if they are exposed to overwhelming stress. Virtually, only by the love of one’s career, rather than the external pressure, can the employee be driven to accomplish the tasks in work as quickly and as well as possible. (倒装句)

* 模块10：中间第4段

* Finally, a strained mind of the employee may reduce their efficiency in work, the most important factor to improve the output for each working unit.(n1,+ n2+名扩)

模板扩容（中段替换模板）

模板句型-原因型1（原因型模板可套用变为方法措施型模板）

* There are probably many/several/three/a number of/a variety of reasons/causes for this dramatic/marked/significant/extraordinary increase/decline/growth/change in…first…second…finally…

模板句型-原因型2

* The answer to/explanation for this problem/phenomenon involves many/several complex/complicated/interrelated factors/reasons.For

another/others,….still another/still others?…..

模板句型-原因型

* 2003

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* Outline 1. 有人认为财富比健康重要。 2. 有人认为健康比财富重要。 3. 你的看法。 现象-不同观点-你意见-原因 The reason for…perhaps/probably/I suggest,are one thing /some…For 模板句型-原因型3 varied/complicated/profound/many.They? include/lie in the fact…perhaps the main reason is…

模板句型-原因型

* 1997 SMOKING AND HEALTH

* 2004

* Which is More Important, Family or Career?

* 现象-不同观点-你意见-原因

模板句型-另外原因型1

* Another/other important/contributory/contributing factor(s) is/are/conclude….. 模板句型-另外原因型2

* We may look into every possible reason/cause except the real one.The leading/underlying/root reason/cause for…is…

* E.g. net economy

模板句型-另外原因型2

* We may look into every possible reason except the real one. The major reason for few great achievements made in recent years in traditional economy is that the talents and energies of a great many able people are concentrated on the development of net economy. 模板扩容(原因其它替换模板)

* 基本原因：

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* There are many reasons for It is no easy job to advance the reasons It is fairly easy to identify the reason The reasons are varied. They include Thanks to

* The increase mainly stems from the fact

* …partly because…, partly because

模板扩容(原因其它替换模板)

* One may attribute the change to

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* One may trace this problem back to That’s the reason why A number of factors could account for the success A number of factors, both individual and social, affect These factors, coupled with the growth of…, lead to

* The factors that contribute to…include

模板扩容(原因其它替换模板)

* 另一原因：提纲环节

* Among the most important reasons cited by people is

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* One of the most popular reasons is This is due to several factors Another important reason is …is also responsible for the change of course, the growth is not the sole reason for There are a number of depressing/disturbing/dreadful/destructive/grave consequences

the most serious/disastrous/potential/corrupting/detrimental 模板句型-后果影响型1 of/effects on…perhaps

consequence/effect is…

example

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* 1997 SMOKING AND HEALTH 1. Today cigarette smoking is a widespread habit all over the world. 2. Many heavy smokers say they cannot give up smoking. 3. Cigarette smoking is a threat to health. 严重现象-具体例子-危害

模板扩容(后果、措施其它替换模板)

* 后果影响

* There are a number of effects

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* The effects is evident It will exert a profound influence It may cause a sweeping change The influence has not been confined to It leaves some serious consequences It may give rise to a host of problems The immediate result it produces is

* …is the net result

模板句型-比较对照型1

* The advantages derived from/gained in/of A far outweigh/are much greater than/carry more weight than the advantages/benefits we gain from/in B

example

* 2004

* Which is More Important, Family or Career?

* 现象-不同观点-你意见-原因

模板句型-比较对照型2

* Although A has/enjoys/gains/secures a(n) great/important/enormous/considerable/distinct advantage of/over/in…,it can’t compete/be compared with B in …

example

* 2003

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* Outline 1. 有人认为财富比健康重要。 2. 有人认为健康比财富重要。 3. 你的看法。

* 现象-不同观点-你意见-原因

模板扩容(比较、对照其它替换模板)

* 两者比较：

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The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages Although A enjoys a distinct advantage There are several advantages When the advantages and disadvantages are weighed Indeed, A carries much weight when compared with A may be…but it suffers from the disadvantages Obviously, it has both negative effects and positive effects

* There are advantages and disadvantages

* Like anything else, it has its faults

模板扩容

* 两者相同：

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* Just as A…, so B A is as much as B A and B have several things in common

* A bears some resemblances to B

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* 两者不同： A…, whereas B A and B differ in several ways Both…, but they differ in But the same cannot be applied to 第三步：写出最后段

* 模块5：两面型结尾：

* As the proverb says “No garden is without its weed”. To some extent, ___________（重提主题）, I still advocate ______________(自己的观点).

* 例如：

* To some extent, long-term work pressure will do great harm to people’s health, I still advocate reducing it by efforts.

* 模块6：因果型结尾

* From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that __________(主题)。①We must call for an immediate action, because the current situation of (主题) _____________, permitted to continue, will surely lead to the end/destruction/damage of/to ______.

* ②或This situation/tendency will surely continue that it deserves more intensive research and public concern.

* 模块7：How型结尾

* Following these suggestions may not guarantee the success/solution, but the pay-off might be worth the effort. It will help/benefit/contribute to_____________(效果) eventually. 现象模板句型-举例/事实证明/数据引用型

* A (good) case in point is …

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* Perhaps the most important / telling / dramatic / striking example of … is … We could think of no better illustration of this idea than the example of … 2005 “五一” 、“十一”长假丰富了人们的业余生活，促进了旅游经济的发展，同时也带来诸example 如交通拥挤、环境污染等问题。请就“黄金周”的经济发展与环境问题向政府有关部门写一封信，提出自己的见解和建议。

* 现象--原因-措施

现象模板句型-举例/事实证明/数据引用型

* No one can deny / doubt / ignore / overlook the fact that …

* The latest surveys / studies / polls conducted by … indicate / reveal / show / prove that …

example

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* 现象-你意见-原因

现象模板句型-结论性结尾的常用句式

* From what have been discussed above, we may come to / reach / draw the conclusion that …

* Taking into account all the factors, we may safely arrive at the conclusion that … * In summary, I would like to say that … is an issue that deserves immediate attention.

example

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* 现象-你意见-原因

example

* 2003

* Outline

* 1. 有人认为财富比健康重要。

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* 2. 有人认为健康比财富重要。 3. 你的看法。 2006 图标

* 现象-不同观点-你意见-原因

模板扩容(结尾类扩展句型)

* 结论性：

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* From what has been discussed above, we may draw the conclusion The evidence upon all sides points to

* In conclusion, I would like to say

模板扩容(结尾类扩展句型)

* 后果性：

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* We must search for a quick action, because if Obviously, if we ignore the problem, it is likely

* Any person who ignores the warning would

模板扩容(结尾类扩展句型)

* 号召性：

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It might be time to take the warning It is time that we urged an end to It is necessary that steps should be taken There is no doubt that attention must be paid

模板扩容(结尾类扩展句型)

* 建议性：

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* It is hoped that efforts be made In short, we should Awareness of the problem is the first step If we are to succeed as a people

模板扩容(结尾类扩展句型)

* 方向性：

* No easy method is at hand, but…might be the first step

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* One’s first reaction to such suggestions To…is not an easy job, and it requires a different outlook It is clear that the task demands great efforts We have done…But we will achieve more if We may have a long way to go before

模板扩容(结尾类扩展句型)

* 意义性：

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* The importance cannot be overemphasized Anyhow it has a far-reaching influence The problem is something no one can avoid Anyhow, whether it is good or not, one thing is certain

模板--举例/事实证明/数据引用型

* Nothing could be more obvious than the evidence that …

* All reliable data / evidence / facts pile(s) up to show / justify (justifies) / point(s) to the view that …

example

* 2006

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* 现象-你意见-原因

模板扩容（现象事实类模板）

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* 举例说明： A good case in point is The most dramatic example This offers a typical example As an illustration, we may take A very similar story can be told

* Such examples might be given indefinitely

模板扩容（现象事实类模板）

* 事实证明：

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We must face the fact This brings out a fact The idea is hardly supported by facts There is strong evidence that All reliable data justify the view

* According to an experiment

* Evidence is piling up that

* While it may be true, the evidence suggests

* Nothing could be more obvious than the evidence

* The most striking fact

模板扩容（现象事实类模板）

* 引用权威：

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* Many years ago, a writer remarked As one scientist wrote

* Many researchers find

过渡词的选择

1) 用于引导主题句或主题句后第一个扩展句的过渡词语称为“启”，有关这方面的常用词语有：

* first 第一，首先 at first 起先，最初

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* first of all 首先，第一 in the beginning 起初，最初 in the first place 首先，第一 firstly 第一，首先 at present 现在，目前 to begin with 首先，第一 currently当前，目前 to start with 首先，第一 lately 最近，不久前 for one thing 首先，一则 for another 其次，二则 now 现在，此刻，目前 on the one hand 一方面 on the other hand 另一方面

* in general一般地，大体上 nowadays 当前

* generally speaking一般地说来，通常地

2) 用于承接主题句或第二个扩展句的过渡词语称为“承”，这方面的词语有：

* second/secondly 第二，第二点third/ thirdly 第三，第三

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* in other words 换句话说in the same way 同样，相同地 also 又，并且 besides 而且，还有，此外 after that 之后，此后 in addition to 除...之外 in addition 另外 afterwards 之后，此后 moreover 再者，此外 from now on 从此 what is more更为重要的是 later 之后，后来 for example 例如 for instance 例如 soon 很快，不久 then 然后，于是 meanwhile 与此同时 namely 即，就是 at the same time 同时 consequently 因而，所以 for this purpose 为此 of course当然，自然

3) 用来表示不同和相反概念的过渡词语为“转”，

常见的词语有：

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but 但是 yet 然而 on the contrary 相反 in contrast 相比之下 unlike 和...不同 however可是，仍然 whereas 反之，然而 nevertheless 尽管如此 on the other hand 另一方面

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* in spite of 不管，尽管 unfortunately 不幸地 though 虽然 in fact 事实上 as a matter of fact 实际上，事实上

4) 用于小结段落或短文的过渡词为“合”，

常见的词语有：

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* finally 最后，最终 in short 简言之 at last 终于，最后 in a word 总之，简言之 hence因此，由此 in conclusion 最后，总之 at length 终于，最后 eventually 最终，最后 thus 如此，因此 therefore 因此，所以 accordingly 因此，于是to sum up 总结一下，总而言之 to conclude 最后 surely 一定，无疑 briefly 简单地说，简短地 undoubtedly 无疑 truly 的确，事实上 as a result 结果

* so 所以，因而 obviously 显然，显而易见

* certainly 肯定，无疑

模板扩容（现象事实类模板）

用词

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* 1.一般词汇和具体词汇 写作时候要多使用具体词汇进行替代，比一般词汇信息量大，表现能力也强 A good man : kind,honest,just,generous,sympathetic,warm-hearted,selfless,brave Good food :

* tasty,delicious,nourishing,rich,fresh,appetizing

用词

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* House: mansion,villa,chateau,cottage,cabin,hut,shack Laugh ：

* smile, grin,beam,giggle,titter

用词

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* E.g.: it is often windy and dusty here in spring. In spring there is often a very strong northwest wind.it carries so much fine dust with it that sometimes the sun becomes obscure.there is no escape from the fine dust;it gets into your eyes,your ears,your nostrils,and your hair.it goes through the cracks of closed windows and covers your desks and chairs.

用词

* 2.使用规范学术词汇

* 正式词 非正式词

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Commence begin Profound deep Fortunate lucky Terminate end

* Proceed begin

* Explicit clear

* Identical same

* Endeavor try

用词

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* 词汇替换 ★ 高频形容词： 1. 贫穷的：poor = needy = impoverished = poverty-stricken 2. 富裕的：rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off 3. 优秀的：excellent = eminent = top = outstanding

* 4. 积极的，好的：good = conducive = beneficial=advantageous * 5. 消极的，不良的：bad = detrimental = baneful =undesirable 用词

* 6. 明显的：obvious = apparent = evident =manifest

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* 7. 健康的: healthy = robust = sound = wholesome 8. 惊人的：surprising = amazing = extraordinary = miraculous * 9. 美丽的：beautiful = attractive = gorgeous = eye-catching

* 10. 有活力的：energetic = dynamic = vigourous =animated

* 11. 流行的： popular = prevailing = prevalent = pervasive

用词

* ★ 高频动词：

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* 1. 提高，加强：improve = enhance= promote = strengthen = optimize 2. 引起：cause = trigger = endanger 3. 解决：solve =resolve =address = tackle =cope with = deal with 4. 拆除：destroy = tear down = knock down = eradicate

* 5. 培养: develop = cultivate = foster = nurture

用词

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* 6. 激发，鼓励：encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur 7. 认为： think = assert = hold = claim = argue 8. 完成：complete = fulfill = accomplish= achieve 9. 保留：keep = preserve = retain = hold 10. 有害于：destroy = impair = undermine = jeopardize

* 11. 减轻: ease = alleviate = relieve = lighten

用词

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* ★ 高频名词： 1. 影响：influence= impact 2. 危险：danger = perils =hazards 3. 污染：pollution = contamination 4. 人类：human beings= mankind = humane race

* 5. 老人： old people= the old = the elderly = the aged = senior citizens 用词

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6. 幸福：happiness = cheerfulness = well-being 7. 老师：teachers = instructors = educators = lecturers 8. 教育：education = schooling = family parenting = upbringing

* 9. 青少年：young people = youngsters = youths = adolescents

* 10. 优点：advantage = merits = superiority = virtue

用词

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* 11. 责任： responsibility = obligation = duty = liability 12. 能力： ability = capacity = power = skill 13. 职业： job = career = employment = profession 14. 娱乐： enjoyment = pastimes = recreation= entertainment

* 15. 孩子： children = offspring = descendant = kid

用词

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*

*

* ★ 高频短语： 1. 充满了：be filled with = be awash with = be inundate with = be saturated with 2. 努力：struggle for = aspire after = strive for = spare no efforts for 3. 从事： embark on = take up = set about = go in for 4. 在当代: in contemporarysociety = in present-day society= in this day and age * 5. 大量的: a host of = a multitude of = a vast number of = a vast amount of

用词

*

*

* 3.将缩写词改成全称，don’t = do not mustn’t = must not 4.泛指的不定代词you 在正式文体改为one,someone,individual * 用词

* 5.非正式文体中，who 可以代替whom在疑问句中做宾语，反之不行。

* 6.在非正式文体中，宾语从句前的that定语从句的指示词that可以省去，反之不行。 * I think (that) it’s a good idea.

用词

*

* 7.非正式文体中，they 可以指代everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,anyone,nobody. Has everyone finished doing their exercises?

* 用词

*

* * 8.一系列的名词、动词、形容词使句子正式化。 9.缩略词，如photo,ad,bike,gym,prep,pop,vet少用.

* 10.不用俚语。

引言-小例子-5’

* 广告对人的影响很大。

* 虽然我们鉴赏力很好，但也无法自主选择产品。

*

* 因为广告对我们潜移默化影响。 广告商说服我们买不同产品，因为研究了顾客特性，并把人的弱点就行归纳。