Abstract

The Old Man and the Sea tells the frustrated experience that the old fisherman fishes in the course. The theme is deep, and it is a song of praise of heroism. “But man is not made for defeat. A man can be destroyed but not defeated” has been the classic saying and the old man also has been the most typical and the most representative of the Hemingway’s “tough guy”. When Hemingway talked about the successful factors later, the little boy was mentioned in the same breath with the old man.

This paper starts with the details and it is divided into two main parts to discuss the indispensable roles of the little boy in the novel. It is him who helps to perform the theme of “grace under pressure”: during 40 days, the old man with the little boy went to fish but without taking a fish, when his situation was getting worse step by step, the little boy’s leaving was the heavy pressure that achieved the extreme stern for certain. However , it was so “heavy pressure” that his manner was graceful when the old man faced afterwards defeat and his optimistic, generous life attitude was worthy tasting by people carefully; it is him who plays the role of leading, inspiring to the readers, and increasing the appeal of the work, enriching the content of the work: although the little boy appears only at the beginning and the ending in the novel, there is nothing in his inner state but the old man, so his attitude and emotions towards the old man affects the readers’ emotions for the old man quietly and gradually. And it is unavoidable that his inner feeling leads and impacts the readers’ emotions.

Key words: roles; the little boy; the old man; grace under pressure。

摘要

《老人与海》讲述了老渔夫捕鱼过程中的坎坷经历，主题深刻，是一部英雄主义的赞歌。“一个人不是生来就要被打败的，你可以消灭他，但就是打不败他。”已经成为至理名言，老人也成为海明威式“硬汉子”的最典型、最完美的代表。当海明威谈到小说成功的因素时，曾颇为自得地将小男孩与老人相提并论。

本文拟从有关细节入手， 分析 讨论小男孩在《老人与海》中所起的微妙且不可或缺的作用：是他帮助表现了“重压下的优雅风度”这一主题：在老人84天没有捕到鱼，处境一步步恶化的厄运中，小男孩的离去无疑让老人的“重压”达到了极度严峻的地步，然而正是由于如此的“重压”，老人后来面对失败时的态度才可谓“优雅”，所表现的大度、乐观的人生态度才值得人们仔细地品味；是他对读者发挥着一定的牵引、打动和启发作用，从而增强了作品的感染力，丰富了作品的内涵：孩子虽然只出现在小说的首尾两处，但是孩子的内心世界里别无他物，只有老人，他对老人的态度和感情潜移默化地左右着读者对老人的感受，他的内心情感无可避免地要牵动 影响 着读者的情绪。

老人与海的读后感

the Old Man and the Sea is one of Hemingway's most enduring works and may very well become one of the true classics of this generation. It played a GREat part in his winning the Pulizer Prize in 1953 and the 1954 Novel Prize for Literature and confirmed his power and presence in the literary world. Hemingway is also one of my favorite writers. Besides The Old Man And the Sea, I have read some of his other works, such as The Sun Also Rises, A Farewell to Arms and The Snow of Kilimanijaro. But The Old Man and the Sea is

the one that left the deepest impression on me.

I first read this book when I was in my fifteens. And now I remember it just as well as if I had read it yesterday.

Pride and Prejudice is a chefdoeuvre.

My first impression of this story was from screen.

It's long long ago, maybe before I can read english books. I don't remember which movie edition I had seen. But I was impressed by the music, the scenery and the costume. I was very favor of a section of music in its balls. It's pretty brisk, liked a wonderful song of a bird. Regarding to the characters, I liked Elizabeth, the heroine,though I didn't think she's beautiful. But she's smart. However, I didn't pay much attention to the plot. I thought it's so long that it made me impatient and bored. By now, I haven't read the whole story in English or its Chinese version, either. I owe it to my prejudice.

In fact, I didn't understand the story at that time. I didn't know why it called Pride and Prejudice. Of course someone was pride, but I didn't find where' s the prejudice. I thought it's normal, the way people treated each other in that. I considered prejudice would be very disgusting. But to the movie everthing was OK in my minds, except its length. Now, I think I have understood more about it. I'm a prejudiced person so I can't find where's wrong. I merely like to do the things I like. Everytime I meet somebody or something,my thinking about he or it all depends on my foregone experience and my mood of the time.

The novel description is one year near sixty years of age senior fisherman, when alone goes to sea in one fishing, fished one big fish, actually did not pull. The senior fisherman socialized several days after the fish, only then discovered this was the big marlin which one surpassed the oneself fishing boat several fold, although knew perfectly well very difficult to win, but still did not give up. Afterwards and further because in the big marlin wound fish fishy smell brought in several crowds of shark fish snatches the food, but the old person still did not hope like this to give up, finally highlighted encircles tightly, returned to the big fish belt the fishing port, lets other fishermen not admire already. When I read " the senior fisherman think: Here to the seacoast really was too near, perhaps could have a bigger fish in a farther place... " When, I extremely admire this senior fisherman, because he by now already projected on some fish, but he had not settled to the present situation, but was approaches the bigger goal advance. Again has a look us, usually meets one slightly is difficult, we all complain incessantly. We will be the motherland future, will be supposed to like this old person same mind lofty aspiration, will even better pursue even better, the bigger goal.

When I read " the big marlin start fast to gather round the young fishing boat hover, twined the cable on the mast, the old person right hand lifted

up high the steel fork, leapt the water surface in it the flash, did utmost throws to its heart, one wail ended the big fish's life, it was static static floats on the water surface... " When, my heart also liked together the big stone falls. I extremely admire old person that kind do not dread, the relentless spirit, although knows the match strength is very strong, but he not slightly flinches, but is welcomes difficultly above. Just because had this kind of spirit, the senior fisherman only then achieved this life and death contest success. We also must study senior fisherman's spirit in life, handles the matter does not fear the difficulty, only then can obtain successfully

 

第二篇：《老人与海》英文文献

衡水学院

毕业论文英文文献翻译

学生姓名 : 牟艳婷

系 别 : 中国语言文学系 专 业 : 汉语言文学 年 级 : 2009级

学 号 : 200940101022 指导教师 : 高永

衡水学院教务处印

原文 The Old Man And the Sea

Hemingway

He was an old man who fished alone in a skiff in the Gulf Stream and he had gone eighty-four days now without taking a fish. In the first forty days a boy had been with him. But after forty days without a fish the boy's parents had told him that the old man was now definitely and finally salao, which is the worst form of unlucky, and the boy had gone at their orders in another boat which caught three good fish the first week.

It made the boy sad to see the old man come in each day with his skiff empty and he always went down to help him carry either the coiled lines or the gaff and harpoon and the sail that was furled around the mast. The sail was patched with flour sacks and, furled, it looked like the flag of permanent defeat.

The old man was thin and gaunt with deep wrinkles in the back of his neck. The brown blotches of the benevolent skin cancer the sun brings from its reflection on the tropic sea were on his cheeks.

The blotches ran well down the sides of his face and his hands had the deep-creased scars from handling heavy fish on the cords But none of these scars were fresh. They were as old as erosions in a fishless desert.

Everything about him was old except his eyes and they were the same color as the sea and were cheerful and undefeated.

"Santiago ," the boy said to him as they climbed the bank from where the skiff was hauled up. "I could go with you again. We've made some money."

The old man had taught the boy to fish and the boy loved him..

"No," the old man said. "You're with a lucky boat. Stay with them."

"But remember how you went eighty-seven days without fish and then we caught big ones every day for three weeks."

"I remember," the old man said. "I know you did not leave me because you doubted." "It was papa made me leave. I am a boy and I must obey him."

"I know," the old man said. "It is quite normal." "He hasn't much faith." "No," the old man said. "But we have. Haven't we?" "Yes," the boy said. "Can I offer you a beer on the

第 2 页

Terrace and then we'll take the stuff home."

"Why not?" the old man said,

"Between fishermen."

They sat on the Terrace and many of the fishermen made fun of the old man and he was not angry. Others, of the older fishermen, looked at him and were sad. But they did not show it and they spoke politely about the current and the depths they had drifted their lines at and the steady good weather and of what they had seen.

The successful fishermen of that day were already in and had butchered their marlin out and carried them laid full length across two planks, with two men staggering at the end of each plank, to the fish house where they waited for the ice truck to carry them to the market in Havana. Those who had caught sharks had taken them to the shark factory on the other side of the cove where they were hoisted on a block and tackle, their livers removed, their fins cut off and their hides skinned out and their flesh cut into strips for salting.

When the wind was in the east a smell came across the harbor from the shark factory; but today there was only the faint edge of the odor because the wind had backed into the north and then dropped off and it was pleasant and sunny on the Terrace.

"Santiago," the boy said. "Yes," the old man said. He was holding his glass and thinking of many years ago. "Can I go out to get sardines for you for tomorrow?" "No. Go and play baseball. I can still row and Rogelio will throw the net." "I would like to go. If I cannot fish with you, I would like to serve in some way."

"You bought me a beer," the old man said."You are already a man." "How old was I when you first took me in a boat?" "Five and you nearly were killed when I brought the fish in too green and he nearly tore the boat to pieces. Can you remember?"

"I can remember the tail slapping and banging and the thwart breaking and the noise of the clubbing. I can remember you throwing me into the bow where the wet coiled lines were and feeling the whole boat shiver and the noise of you clubbing him like chopping a tree down and the sweet blood smell all over me."

"Can you really remember that or did I just tell it to you?"

"I remember everything from when we first went together." The old man looked at him with his sun-burned, confident loving eyes. "If you were my boy I'd take you out and

第 3 页

gamble," he said. "But you are your father's and your mother's and you are in a lucky boat."

"May I get the sardines? I know where I can get four baits too."

"I have mine left from today. I put them in salt in the box."

"Let me get four fresh ones."

"One," the old man said. His hope and his confidence had never gone. But now they were freshening as when the breeze rises. "Two," the boy said. "Two," the old man agreed. "You didn't steal them?" "I would," the boy said. "But I bought these."

"Thank you," the old man said. He was too simple to wonder when he had attained humility. But he knew he had attained it and he knew it was not disgraceful and it carried no loss of true pride. "Tomorrow is going to be a good day with this current," he said. "Where are you going?" the boy asked.

"Far out to come in when the wind shifts. I want to be out before it is light."

"I'll try to get him to work far out," the boy said. "Then if you hook something truly big we can come to your aid."

"He does not like to work too far out." "No," the boy said. "But I will see something that he cannot see such as a bird working and get him to come out after dolphin." "Are his eyes that bad?" "He is almost blind." "It is strange," the old man said. "He never went turtle-ing[. That is what kills the eyes."

From the old man and the sea

第 4 页

译文 老人与海

[美]海明威

他一个老人，划着小船独自在墨西哥湾中捕鱼；八十四天了还没有捕到过一条鱼。最初的四十天里，小男孩一直都跟着他，而四十天后，男孩的父母便告诉孩子说：这老人的运气肯定是跌到了谷底，简直就是倒霉透顶了。于是男孩在他父母亲的命令下，转到了另外一条船上去捕鱼，结果不出一个星期，就捕到了三条大鱼。

然而，男孩看着老人日复一日驾着那空空的小船回来，总是为他感到难过。因此总会在老人回来时，上前帮忙提绳索、鱼钩、鱼叉以及从船桅上卸下的船帆等。老人的船帆上满是用面粉袋做成的补钉，使得帆布卷起来时，好似一面象征无限败战的旗帜。 老人消瘦、憔悴，颈后有很深的皱纹。而从热带海洋的海面上反射出来的强烈阳光，在老人的双颊上，留下了一块块良性皮肤癌棕色的斑点。

老人除了两颊布满斑点，双手则刻着深深的勒痕，那是操作粗鱼绳的结果。这些疤痕没有一处是新的伤口，它们就如同一个了无生机的沙漠所经历过的侵蚀那样久远。 老人是这么的苍老，但唯有双眼依旧有着像海水一样的颜色，既充满了欢愉，也好像是从来没有被打败过似的。

小船被拖曳上岸，老人与男孩爬上了岸边时，小男孩向老人说：山帝亚哥，我可以再跟你一起去捕鱼，我们也曾经一起赚过一些钱。

老人曾经教导小男孩如何捕鱼，而男孩也很敬爱这位老人。

不，老人说：你现在跟上的是一条幸运的船，要好好继续待在那儿。

但是你记得吗？曾经有一次，一连八十七天都没有捕到鱼，然后接下来连续三个礼拜，每天都有捕到大鱼呢。

我记得，老人说：而且我也知道，你并不是因为对我失去信心而离弃我。

是爸爸要我离开你的。我是个小孩，我必须要听他的话。

我了解，老人说：这是很正常的事。他太没有信心了。他们是没有，老人说：但是我们有呀，不是吗？是啊，男孩说：让我先请你到露天酒店喝杯啤酒，然后我们再一起把这些东西拿回家去吧。

好啊，老人说：打渔的都是一家人嘛。

当他们在露天酒店坐下时，许多先前就待在那儿的渔夫都在嘲笑老人，而他并没有因此生气；其它一些年纪较长的渔夫只是看着他，为他难过，不过他们并没有把这份同情表露出来，只是很礼貌地谈论着今天的水流情况、鱼线所垂钓的深度、稳定的好天气，

第 5 页

以及海上的所见所闻。

当天有鱼获的几个渔夫都已经回来了，他们将捕到的马林鱼剖腹处理后，摊平放在两块厚木板上，一头一个人抬着，两人抬着鱼摇摇晃晃地走进鱼屋，等着冷冻车来将他们载往哈瓦那的市场去。而那些捕到鲨鱼的渔夫，也已经把那些鲨鱼送到在小海湾另一边的鲨鱼工厂去了，在那儿鲨鱼被滑轮垂吊起来，然后被取下肝、割掉鳍、剥下皮，肉也被割成条状准备用盐来腌。

每当东风吹起，鲨鱼工厂的鱼腥味便飘过港湾吹过来，但是今天只能嗅到一些微弱的腥味，因为风向已转往北方，且逐渐平息了，露天酒店上阳光充足而宜人。

山帝雅哥，男孩叫着。喔！老人应了一声。他手握着酒杯，正沈浸在多年前的往事回忆中。我可以出去帮你准备明天要用的沙丁鱼吗？不，你去玩棒球吧。我还可以自己划船，而且罗吉里奥委会替我撒网的。我想要跟你一道去。即使我不能跟你一起捕鱼，至少我可以在旁边帮帮忙。

你请我喝啤酒了啊，老人说，你已经是一个大人了。你第一次你带我上船的时候，我是几岁呢？五岁，那次我把一条活蹦乱跳的鱼拖到船上，那家伙差点把我们的船毁了，你也差点丢了小命！还能想起来吗？

我记得那条鱼拍打尾巴，打断了船板，还有你用棍子敲打它的声音，我记得，你把我丢进入船头，那里有一堆潮湿的绳索，我感觉整条船都在摇摆，并且听见你用棍子打那条鱼的声音，简直就像是在砍树似的，而我满身都是甜甜的血腥味。

你真的能够记得这些吗？还是因为我现在告诉你，你才知道的？从我们第一次一起出海，每一件事我都记得很清楚。老人用他那被阳光照晒、充满信心与爱怜的眼睛望着他。如果你是我的孩子，我一定带着你出去，去赌一赌，看我们是不是能够成功，他说，但是，你是你父亲和母亲的孩子，而你现在又在一条幸运的船上。

我去弄点沙丁鱼来好吗？我还知道哪里可以弄到四个鱼饵哩。

今天我自己还有剩下一些。已经放在盒子里用盐腌起来了。

还是让我去弄四个新鲜的来吧。

一个就够了，老人说。他的希望和信心从未消失过，而现在，一股崭新的希望和信心又如微风冉冉升起了。两个，男孩说。两个就两个吧！老人同意了，你该不会是去偷的吧？我可能会噢！男孩说：不过这两个我是用买的。

谢谢你，老人说。他实在太单纯了，也没有想到过他何时变得如此谦虚，但他知道已经学会了谦虚，他认为谦虚并不丢脸，何况这又无损于内心那份真正的骄傲。从这样的水流看来，明天会是好天气。他说。你明天到什么地方去？小孩子问道。

第 6 页

能去多远的地方就去，只要风转向的时候能回得来就好。我想在天破晓之前就出发。 我会设法让我的船开远一点，」男孩说：「这样如果你钓到一条什么大鱼的话我们也好帮你的忙。

他不喜欢到太远的地方去工作吧。是不喜欢，男孩说：可是，他看不见的，我却可以看得到，譬如，我看见鸟在捕鱼时，就可以叫他追上去捕海豚哩。他的眼力真的那么差吗？几乎快瞎了。那就奇怪了，老人说：他从来没有去捕过海龟，那才真的是伤眼力呢！

第 7 页 选自《老人与海》