《五代史伶官传序》原文和翻译

原文： 标题：五代史伶官传序 作者或出处：欧阳修

呜呼！盛衰之理，虽曰天命，岂非人事哉！原庄宗之所以得天下，与其所以失之者，可以知人矣。

世言晋王之将终也，以三矢赐庄宗，而告之曰：“梁，吾仇也；燕王，吾所立；契丹，与吾约为兄弟，而皆背晋以归梁。此三者，吾遗恨也。与尔三矢，尔其无忘乃父之志！”庄宗受而藏之于庙。其后用兵，则遣从事以一少牢告庙，请其矢，盛以绵囊，负而前驱，及凯旋而纳之。

方其系燕父子以组，函梁君臣之首，入于太庙，还矢先王，而告以成功，其意气之盛，可谓壮哉！及仇雠已灭， 天下已定，一夫夜呼，乱者四应，仓皇东出，未及见贼，而士卒离散，君臣相顾，不知所归；至于誓天断发，泣下沾襟，何其衰也！岂得之难而失之易欤？抑本其成 败之迹，而皆自于人欤？《书》曰：“满招损，谦受益。”忧劳可以兴国，逸豫可以亡身，自然之理也。

故方其盛也，举天下之豪杰莫能与之争；及其衰也，数十伶人困之，而身死国灭，为天下笑。夫祸患常积于忽微，而智勇多困于所溺，岂独怜人也哉！作《伶官传》。

译文或注释：

唉！盛衰的道理，虽说是天命决定的，难道说不是人事造成的吗？推究庄宗所以取得天下，与他所以失去天下的原因，就可以明白了。

世人传说晋王临死时，把三枝箭赐给庄宗，并告诉他说：“梁国是我的仇敌，燕王是我推立的，契丹与我约为兄 弟，可是后来都背叛我去投靠了梁。这三件事是我的遗恨。交给你三枝箭，你不要忘记你父亲报仇的志向。”庄宗受箭收藏在祖庙。以后宗庄出兵打仗，便派手下的 随人官员，用猪羊去祭告祖先，从宗庙里恭敬地取出箭来，装在漂亮的丝织口袋里，使人背着在军前开路，等打了胜仗回来，仍旧把箭收进宗庙。

当他用绳子绑住燕王父子，用小木匣装着梁国君臣的头，走进祖庙，把箭交还到晋王的灵座前，告诉他生前报仇 的志向已经完成，他那神情气慨，是多么威风！等到仇敌已经消灭，天下已经安定，一人在夜里发难，作乱的人四面响应，他慌慌张张出兵东进，还没见到乱贼，部 下的兵士就纷纷逃散，君臣们你看着我，我看着你，不知到哪里去好；到了割下头发来对天发誓，抱头痛哭，眼泪沾湿衣襟的可怜地步，怎么那样的衰败差劲呢！难 道说是因为取得天下难，而失去天下容易才象这样的吗？还是推究他成功失败的原因，都是由于人事呢？《尚书》上说：“自满会招来损害，谦虚能得到益处。”忧 劳可以使国家兴盛，安乐可以使自身灭亡，这是自然的道理。

因此，当他兴盛时，普天下的豪杰，没有谁能和他相争；到他衰败时，数十个乐官就把他困住，最后身死国灭， 被天下人耻笑。祸患常常是由一点一滴极小的错误积累而酿成的，纵使是聪明有才能和英勇果敢的人，也多半沉溺于某种爱好之中，受其迷惑而结果陷于困穷，难道 仅只是溺爱伶人有这种坏结果吗？

于是作《伶官传》。

 

第二篇：翻译word版

第二讲

Today pilots flying the new Boeing 767 and 757 aircraft navigate with the aid of new laser gyroscopes. Supermarket clerks use lasers to ring up prices at the checkout counter by “reading” universal bar-codes printed on packages and canned goods.

[原译] 今天，驾驶新型波音767和757客机的驾驶员，借助新的激光舵转仪进行操作；而超级市场的售货员，则利用激光，“阅读”通用价格条码，在结帐台上计价，因为价码已印在货品包装袋和罐头制品上了。

[改译] 当今，驾驶新型波音767和757客机的飞行员，借助激光舵转仪而飞行；超市结帐柜台的售货员也用激光计价，通过“读取”包装袋和食品罐上的通用条码即可。

I did it myself to spare your trouble.

（不转换）我自己做了，免得给你添麻烦。

（转换为动词）我自己做了，免得麻烦你。

She is no less beautiful than her sister.

她的美貌并不亚于她的姐姐。

No one came to his help.

没有人来搭救她。

Ignorance of the law excuses no man from practicing it.

任何人也不能以不知法为借口而不受法律制裁（逃避法律的制裁）。

（1）可惜他不能来

I wish he would come.（原语余味较多，译语比较平淡）

（2）悔不该没听她的话啊！

Oh that I had listened to her.

（3）He couldn’t be more honest.

他够老实的了。（译语正说较质直，原语较为婉转）

（4）He’s a good riddance

他还是不在场的好。（译语语气较为婉转）

（1）要是事先知道就好啦；我事先不知道。

（2）You should have been a little earlier. You are late.

（1）你明白我的意思吗？（简单主谓句）

You see what I mean?（复合句）

（2）我们冬天需要阳光，春天需要阳光，秋天需要阳光，夏天需要阳光。（并列复合句）

We can never dispense with sunlight all the year round.

（1） “Why didn’t you dare it before? ”He asked harshly, “When I

hadn’t a job? When I was starving? When I was just as I am now as a man, as an artist, the same Martin Eden?”

（2） 他毫不客气问道：“为什么你以前不敢呢？那时我没有工作，

忍饥挨饿，但彼我和此我同样是堂堂正正的男子汉，艺术家，是同一个马丁·伊登！”

（2）You say 5000 dollars for this bubble car? It’s daylight robbery! 这么一辆破车要5000美元？这不是光天化日之下的拦路抢劫吗？（这不是明摆着在抢劫吗？光天化日之下抢钱呀？）

（1）Woman begins by resisting a man’s advances and ends by blocking his retreat.

（2）Woman begins by shouting “don’t! Stop!” to a man’s

advance and “Don’t stop!” to his retreat.

（1）（书面语）女人以抗拒男人的追求为开端，以截断他的退路为结局。

（2）面对男人的追求，女人会大声说“停！”，一旦男人退却，她又会大喊“别停！”

（A）I must have been cheated again.

我准是又上当了。（被动转换为主动）

（B）中国的规矩是向上级介绍下级。

A Chinese rule is that the inferior is introduced to the superior.（主动转换为被动）

（1）胜利虽已在握，但观众还在大喊加油。

Even when victory was no longer at issue, the crowd kept yelling “Pour it on!”（一般过去时转换为过去进行时）

（2）I was a modest, good-humored boy; it is Oxford that has made me insufferable.

我原本是一个谦虚、风趣的男孩，是牛津大学将我变得人见人嫌。

（1）She must have been pretty once, but now she was stout and her hair was untidy.

她过去也许很漂亮，但现在发胖了，头发也很乱。

（2）如果我是你，我是不会再容忍下去了；你对他真是再好不过了。 If I were you, I would never have kept my trap any longer. You could not be better to him.

Here’s to woman! Would that we could fall into her arms without falling into her hands.

这一杯敬我们的妇女们！但愿我们只是投进她们的怀抱，而不是落

入她们的手掌。

（1）All grapes are not sweet.

（原语为特指部分否定）并不是所有的葡萄都是甜的。

（2）Gardens are not made by singing “Oh, how beautiful” and sitting in the shade.

并不是哼唱“哦，真美”和坐在阴凉下，花园就成其为花园了。

（3）Who loves not woman, wine and song remains a fool his whole life.

不爱女人、美酒和音乐的人，就只好一辈子当傻瓜了。

（4）我认为自己并不漂亮。

I don’t think I am prett.

（1）天才的百分之一是灵感，百分之九十九是汗水。

Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration.

（2）作者掌握了该学科的基本理论，这一点是没有问题的。

The author’s grasp of the rudiments of the theory of the subject is unquestionable.

（3）如今，做个大丈夫也有他的难处。譬如吵嘴，你就是有理，却也只能装着无理，拱手告降。

One of the embarrassments of being a good husband today is that you are not permitted to defend yourself in a quarrel and have to go down on your knees pretending that you are not on the right side.

（1）Figures don’t lie.

（不转移，重心在句尾）数字是不会撒谎的。

（2）Extremes meet, as the whiting said with its tail in its mouth. 正像鳕鱼把尾巴塞进嘴里时说的，这叫做“两极相通”

（3）Cooking is not like life. If you get a bad meal, you don’t have to eat it.

生活可不像做菜：一个菜没有烧好，你可以不吃。

夜郎自大（vulgar arrogance）

沉鱼落雁之美（surpassing beauty）

完璧归赵（return sth to sb in good condition）

Panglossian （乐天知命者）（典出伏尔泰笔下的人物Dr. Pangloss, 其人的特点是乐天知命）

Waterloo （惨败、祸根）（源于1815年拿破仑军队大败这个比利时城镇滑铁卢）

哑巴吃黄连，有苦难言（unspoken bitterness）

Only-the-facts-ma’am tone （一种照章办事的口吻）（美国警察在盘问女人时常说“We are only after the facts, ma’am）

（1）When a woman dresses to kill, the victim is apt to time. (“kill”与“victim”：“杀”与“被杀”相呼应）

当女人精心打扮时，时间就成了她的牺牲品了。（汉语译不出呼应来，因而大失其味）

（2）雾锁山头山锁雾，天连水尾水连天

Fogs hang over the mountain and the sky ends in the waters 小弟献丑，正是班门弄斧了。

I’m ashamed to display my incompetence before an expert like yourself.

例如：“Today, except for rare occasions, nobody still sticks to Roman striking, not even in the homeland of the Roman Empire.” 一句可译为“今天，除了极个别场合外，没有人再坚持使用”罗马式鸣钟法“（18世纪以前的一种报时法，用高低二种响铃：高音铃一响表示1点，低音铃一响表示5点）。即便是在罗马帝国的诞生之地，也不再坚持这种旧式的报时法了。

（1）I have never let my schooling interfere with my education. (Mark Twain)

我从未让学校教育影响我的自我教育。

（2）Epitaph: a belated advertisement for a line of good that has permanently discontinued.

墓志铭只不过是为断档的商品而作的过时的广告罢了。

（3）She then uncrossed her legs.

于是她把交叉着的腿放平。（用解释解决冲突式转换）

（1）兵临城下，将至壕边，岂可束手待毙？

Shall we fold our arms and wait to be slain when the enemy is already at the city’s gates?

（2）都这么你干你的，他干他的，爱来不来，爱干不干，那怎么行呢？ How can we get it done if you people all muddle along like this? （if you all act on will of your own)

We’ll get nowhere if we all act on at will.

sympathetic love：怜爱

stupid faithfulness：愚忠

an insufferably disobedient boy：顽童

powerful and resultful action：魄力

deep-rooted but unreasonable love：痴情

（1）Fictitious narratives are sometimes put into the first person for greater vividness.

虚构的故事有时用第一人称，令叙述更加生动。

（2）This is informal; you can come as you are or as you were.

这是非正式的会见，你可以穿你现在穿的衣服，也可以穿你昨天穿的衣服

（1）打架斗殴成了这伙人的家常便饭。

Scuffles and clashes became a matter of daily occurrence for these gangsters.

（2）她感到浑身发怵，五脏六腑像被什么扯着似的阵阵作痛。 Her whole body got shitty while stabbing pains went all over her. She was shivering all over with stabbing pains.

（1）Misery follows war.

战争导致苦难。（“战争”比“苦难”严重，句首重心）

（2）The sins of the father are visited upon the children.

子不肖，父之过。（被动转换为主动）

（3）A fluent tongue is the only thing the mother doesn’t like her daughter to resemble her.

母亲不愿女儿像自己的唯一一点就是油嘴滑舌。

（4）I was greatly provoked by his impudence.

他言行鲁莽（厚颜无耻），真叫人气愤。

我对他的鲁莽言行深感气愤。

（5）Sympathy is welcome to the unfortunate.

不幸者容易博得同情。

（1）Nobody is as sophisticated as a boy of nineteen who is just recovering from a baby grand passion.

sophisticated 意为“老于世故、非自然状态”，grand passion意为“狂恋、热爱（的对象），此处均须变换，以求顺达。

没有比十九岁的少男更矫揉造作的了，乳臭才干，就自命为七尺男儿。

（2）我虽无受过大荣华富贵，比你们是强的。

“荣华富贵”的原意是指“禄位显达”，但后者不符合风姐的身份，因此需要按语境对语义加以调整变换。

I never lived in real luxury and style, yet as a girl I was better off

than you.

（3）打闹里，那大王扒出房门，奔到门前摸着马，往树上折枝柳条，托地跳到马背上，把柳条鞭打那马，却跑不出。

In the excitement, the chieftain（酋长、首领） crawled out of the room, ran to the front gate and groped（摸索、探索） his way to a horse. He broke a branch from a willow, leapt on the animal’s back and flailed （打、打击）it with his improvised（即兴创作、临时准备） whip. The beast didn’t move.

（1）You have given yourself the trouble to be born.

愿意：你给了自己还没有出生的麻烦。

易句而译：你这是杞人忧天。

（2）I’m afraid you have the advantage of me.

愿意：恐怕你比我强。

易句而译：很抱歉，我真的想不起您是哪位了。

（1）Powerful words can drive men to madness. They may inspire them, schizophrenically（精神分裂症似地）, to acts of self-sacrifice. 慷慨激昂的词令可以让人发狂，也可以使人行动起来连命都不要，就像得了精神分裂症。

（2）Every British motorist will tell you that radar is used most unfairly by the police to catch drivers who are accidentally going a little faster than the speed limit.

英国驾车者都会说，警察借助雷达抓违章驾驶，连偶尔稍微超速者也不放过，这种做法很不公平。

（1）He had a sound feeling that idiom was the backbone of a language and he was all for the racy phrase.

他认为成语是语言的支柱（这种看法不无道理），并（因此）大力提倡使用（生动活泼的短语）。

（1）Of course the ambivalent（茅盾的） critics are right when they say they only have been peering at him through a haze（薄雾，有雾的） of illusion.

当然，批评家对他的评论自相矛盾，但如果说他们只是透过虚无缥缈的薄雾在把他审视，那就无可厚非了。

（2）I walked back into the dismantled（脱掉、拆除） apartment. I stinks（发臭） of departure.

我返回公寓，家当都已搬空，满屋子都是离情别绪。

（1）Where all think alike, no one thinks very much.

既然人人的想法如出一辙，那么大家也就懒得多想了。

（2）I wanted to be a man, and a man I am.

我立志要做一个真正的男人，现在终于做到了。

（3）Human intelligence—it is millions of years old, but it never seems to act its age.

人类的智力虽然已有几百万年的历史，但人类似乎从不按自己的智力年龄办事。

（4）I expressed many absurd opinions, but I am not the first man to do it. American freedom consists largely in talking nonsense.

我诚然发表了不少谬论，但我并不是第一个长于此道的人；美国的所谓自由，就大抵包含在胡说八道之中。

（5）又见曹军浸山塞野，截住了去路。

However he found the whole area full of the enemy soldiers and he could not get through.

（6）有这会子着急，天天写写念念，有多少完不了的？

If you’d done some reading and writing every day, you’d have finished all that’s expected and wouldn’t feel so frantic（狂乱的）

第三讲

Byron’s father, by his first marriage, had a daughter, Augusta, Byron’s half-sister.

拜伦的父亲与第一个妻子生了一个女儿，名叫奥古斯塔，也就是拜伦同父异母的姐姐。

拜伦的父亲与第一个妻子生了一个女儿，也就是（即）拜伦同父异母的姐姐，名叫奥古斯塔。

He went to Harrow and to Trinity College, Cambridge, where, eccentricities, he kept a bear. 他就读于哈罗学校和剑桥大学的三一学院。在学校，他养了一只熊，此外还有其它一些古怪行为。

他曾就读于哈罗学校，也上过剑桥大学三一学院，在那里，他也有一些怪异行为，例如，他养过一只熊。

A few of the committee had urged hanging him as a possible example. 委员会中有几个人要求将他处以绞刑，目的是杀一儆百。

有几个委员主张将他处以绞刑，以儆效尤。

He dived into the water fully clothed and rescued that child. 他没有脱衣服就跳进水去救那个小孩。

他连衣服都不脱就跳进水去，救起了那个小孩。

Appearance is deceptive

外表是靠不住的。

This young man is a fool of danger.

这个年轻人真是天不怕地不怕。

We will prove worthy of your trust.

我们不会辜负您的信任。

She failed to perceive any difference.

她看不出有什么不同。

Your temper is more than I can bear.

你的脾气，我受不了。

That lazy boy went to class before he had prepared his lesson. 那个懒惰男孩不预习就去上课。

The explanation is pretty thin.

这个解释不太充分（站不住脚）。

His father will kill him when he finds out.

他父亲要是知道了，准饶不了他。

I tried hard not to lose a word of what he said.

我努力想听清楚他讲的一字一句。

He never spared himself and so he made me work hard.

他就是拼命干的，所以我也只能拼命干。

There is no place like home.

家是最好的地方。

Such flights couldn’t long escape notice.

这类飞行迟早会被人发觉的。

There is nothing in his house but bare walls.

他家徒四壁

第四讲

The invention of machinery had brought into the world a new era—the Industrial Age. Money had become king.

机器的发明使世界进入了一个新的纪元即工业时代，金钱成了一切的主宰。

随着机器的发明，世界进入了一个新纪元，即工业时代，从此，金钱成为万能。

Between midnight and dawn, when sleep will not come, all the old wounds began to ache.

从午夜到黎明，辗转不能成眠时，一切悲惨的往事开始折磨我。

只要是夜不能寐，那些痛心的往事就会接踵而至，彻夜将我折磨。 China has repeatedly been invaded, but each time it has absorbed the invaders and eventually converted them. Over the centuries this has produced a sort of stoicism.

中国曾多次遭受侵略，但每次都将侵略者同化了并最终使之归顺华夏。几个世纪以来的经历使中国人产生了一种坚忍自制的精神。

中国曾屡遭侵略，但每次都令侵略者臣服了，并最终化敌为友。几个世纪以来的这种经历使中国人养成了一种坚忍自制的精神。

The Great Wall is a scenic spot most foreigners to Beijing must visit. 就大多数来京的外国人而言，长城是必游的景点。

If a high school student wants to have a boyfriend, she must be dependable and responsible.

如果一个女中学生足以使人放心而又比较懂事，就可以交男朋友了。 如果一个女中学生能做到让人放心，又自爱自重，就可以结交男朋友了。 He had a sound feeling that idiom was the backbone of a language and he was all for the racy phrase.

他认为习语是语言的支柱，因此特别主张用生动活泼的短语。这种看法是很有道理的。

他不仅认为生动活泼的习语是语言的基石（这种看法不无道理），而且

完全赞成（特别提倡）使用。

They tried vainly to blame us for the breakdown in the truce talks. 他们企图把和谈破裂的罪名加在我们身上，但没有成功。

他们力图将和谈流产归咎于我方，结果是枉费心机（结果是竹篮打水——一场空）（却以失败告终）（但没有得逞）。

It can be said for his justification that he had to give up when any advice he gave her causes nothing but back talk.

凭心而论，他也只好就此罢休，因为每次他向她提意见，她都顶了回去。 说句公道话，他不加劝阻，是逼不得已的，因为他的劝告无一例外地要遭到她的驳斥。

The (sinoatrial) node (窦房结) makes the heart beat faster and so pumps the blood more quickly round the body.

窦房结就使心跳加快，从而更快地把血液泵送到全身。

窦房结使心跳加快，从而令心脏更快地把血液泵送到全身。 ? 第五讲

第六讲

1. It was first come first served with me: when I got an application for a lecture I gave the applicant the first date I had vacant, whether it was for a street corner, a public parlor, a market place, the economic section of the British Association, a cellar or a classroom.

1、原译：我的原则是：谁先来请，就先去给谁讲。有人来请我去讲话，我就把最早有空的日子安排给他，不管是在街头、酒店、集市、英国科协经济分会、地窖，还是在教室。

2. Young men make great mistakes in life—and worse, they take them easily, thinking that they are but love’s compensation.

[参考译文]年轻人在一生中会犯大错，更糟糕的是，他们处之泰然，认为错误只不过是爱的报偿。

3、Rumor has it that she didn’t feel so good, she just played out the role—to act it out.

[参考译文]谣传，她根本不以为然，只是应付应付，逢场作戏而已。

4. That all great art has this power of suggesting a world beyond is undeniable. In some moods Nature shares it.

[参考译文]所有伟大的艺术都具有致人于世外洞天的神奇力量，这一点是不可否认的。有时候大自然也同样具有这种力量。

5. Greatness of name in the father oft times overwhelms the son: they stand too near one another. The shadow kills the growth.

[原译]老子的巨大声威常常使儿子夭折：因为儿子与声威靠得太近了。巨大的阴影夺去了幼苗的生命。

[参考译文]父亲的巨大威望常常会压垮儿子，因为父亲、儿子与威望相距太近，儿子在这种浓荫的笼罩之下无法茁壮成长。

6. Sometimes you might think the machines we worship make all the chief appointments, promoting the human beings who seem closest to them.

[参考译文]有时你会认为，所有重要的职位都是由我们所敬仰的当权人物任命的，而且他们所提拔的几乎都是自己身边的人。

7. Holding the flag, Redd stood at parade rest, like a statue. “I haven’t held the flag for a long time,” Redd said. “It feels good.”

[参考译文]雷德举着旗帜，站在游行队伍的休息处，宛如一尊塑像。“我很久没有打旗帜了”，雷德说，“现在打起来感觉真爽”。

8. Long afterward the U-2 pilot recalled that when he got into trouble he was asked whether he was an American. “It seemed,” he said,

“pointless to deny it.”

[参考译文]很久以后，这位驾驶U-2飞机的飞行员回想起自己被捕时有

人问他是不是美国人。他说：“否认自己是美国人似乎是毫无意义的”。

9. Health is above wealth, for this cannot give so much happiness as that.

[参考译文]健康比财富更重要，因为比起财富来，健康更能带来幸福。

10. Tom Mann said he must speak to him, and advanced as Lenin came towards us. How glad he was to greet Tom Mann! His face lit up with pleasure as he told Tom how closely he had followed his activities all over the world.

[参考译文] 汤姆·曼说他得跟列宁说句话，就在列宁朝我们走来时，他就迎了上去。列宁跟汤姆·曼打招呼时显得非常高兴。他兴高采烈地告诉汤姆自己密切关注着他在世界各地的种种活动。

11. But the President was no Wilson or Franklin Roosevelt when it came to bending Congress to his will.

[参考译文] 谈到欲使国会屈从于自己的意志时，总统就逊色于威尔逊，也不如罗斯福了。

It is a fact that it has to be written very carefully into a job description just what a secretary’s duties are, or she will be told to clean off the desk, pick up cleaning and the like.

[参考译文] 显而易见，应该在工作手册中把秘书的职责写得一清二楚，否则就会有人吩咐她们去做擦桌子、倒垃圾之类的事情。

第七讲

In the absence of both strong and honest leadership, politics in general became the business of second-rate professionals who, for the first time on a large scale, mismanaged the affairs of many of the nation’s cities, states and to some extent, the federal government.（A Brief History of the United States) 由于缺乏忠实可靠的强有力的领导人，政治变成了搞政治的二流人物的行当，这些二流人物第一次大规模地将美国的许多城市和许多州经管得一塌糊涂，在某种程度上甚至殃及联邦政府。

I don’t trust him. He’s always on the make and his artificial smiles make me sick.

我不信任他。他总是那么假心假意；那副矫揉造作的笑容使我作呕。 The tradesman, the attorney comes out of the din and craft of the street and sees the sky and the woods, and is a man again. (R. W.

Emerson)

商贾和律师走出了街市的喧嚣和欺诈，见到了蓝天、绿树，于是又复为其人。

There were gentlemen and there were seamen in the navy of Charles II. But the seamen were not gentlemen, and the gentlemen were not seamen.

在查理二世的海军中既有绅士也有水兵，可惜水兵不是温文尔雅、颇有教养的绅士，绅士不是强悍坚韧、忠诚无畏的水兵。

Willy (With pity and resolve): I’ll see him in the morning; I’ll have a nice talk with him.

威利：（同情地、有决心地）我明早去看看他，和和气气地跟他谈一次。 Books of voyages and travels became my passion, and in

devouring their contents, I neglected the regular exercises of the school.

我最爱读的书是游记、旅行之类，废寝忘食读这种闲书，把学校里的正课练习都给耽误了。

I have never have thought he should have the guts to have my daughter.

我从来没有想到他竟然厚颜无耻地想把我的女儿搞到手。

The new President has sometimes been compared to the

furniture used to be produced in such abundance in his Michigan home town——durable, dependable and easy to live with. Gerald Ford is Middle America.

新总统有时被比喻为在他那密执安州老家大批量生产的家具：用不坏、跨不了，谁都能将就着用。杰拉德·福特正是这样一个美国中西部的中产阶级庸人。

Some people think one of the main reasons to go to college is to make connections. After graduation, everything depends on the old boy system. One’s college buddies can help you the rest of your life.

有些人认为上大学的主要理由之一是建立广泛的社会联系；毕业后，一切取决于熟人关系，一个人的大学学友可以在你的一生中给以帮助。 That was the beginning of the century, when psychedelic Cubist pictures were the thing.

那是本世纪初的状况，当时人们追求的目标是光怪陆离的立体主义美术作品。

People who come to this establishment are all after maximum turn-on

effects. We must gratify them.

到这儿来的人都是为了寻求最大限度的刺激，我们得让他们过足了瘾（吸个够）啊。

第八讲

1、to send small gifts to her

(译出）给她寄些小礼物

2、his last letters

（译出）他的最后几封信

3、to smell like rotten potatoes

（不译出）一股乱土豆的味道

4、a man of big fortunes

（不译出）一个极富有（腰缠万贯）的人

5、to have all the right credentials

(不译出）资历齐备

6、our rising passions

（译出）我们阵阵高涨的热情

（不译出)我们高涨的热情

1、His attempts to copy other slapstick comedians who were popular at that time were a failure. However he gradually began to develop the character of the tramp that we always connect with his name.

（原译）他模仿当时受欢迎的闹剧演员的尝试都失败了。但他却逐渐塑造了一个流浪汉的角色，这个流浪汉总是与他的名字联系在一起。

2. His eyes were ringed in red, the evidence of fatigue and frustration. （原译）他两眼布满血丝，说明他身体疲乏，精神困顿（不振、不佳）。

3. The new government was torn by rivalries and was unable to establish its authority throughout China.

（原译）新政府由于各派对立而处于分裂状态，无法在全中国建立起权威。

（改译）新政府各党派你争我斗，分裂涣散，因而无法在全国范围内树立起威望。

4. The first acts were finally hammered out by the western countries led by France to explore the possibilities of a rapprochement with that country.

（原译）以法国为首的西方国家终于拟就了第一批行动，目的在于探索与中国修好的种种可能性。

（改译）以法国为首的西方列国终于拟定了首份行动计划，籍以探索与

该国议和修好的种种可能性。

5. In my dealings with Asian leaders this idea has developed to the extent of its full positiveness.

（原译）在我与亚洲国家领袖们打交道的过程中，这一思想不断发展，而且具有充分的积极意义。

（改译）在我同亚洲各国首脑打交道的过程中，这一思想得到充分发展和完善，发挥了极大的积极作用。

6. Slowly climb the moon-touched mountains up their stairway to the sky.

（原译）高峻的群山缓缓地踏着云梯登上苍穹。

（改译）群山连绵，缓步云梯，升入云霄。

7. The judge let the man off with warnings not to cause trouble again. （原译）法官对那个人再三提出警告，不得重新作案，然后就将他释放了。

（1）He made sincere apologies to each of the teachers.（他诚恳地跟老师们一一道歉。）

（2）The Chinese official today made condemnations of the violences. (中国官员今天反复谴责了那些暴行。）

（3）He made samplings of the different materials on the very day. （他当天就对材料分别进行了抽样检查。）

8. Her sighs made it clear she was unhappy.

（原译）她这样唉声叹气充分说明她很忧愁。

（改译）她不断唉声叹气，显然很不开心。

His worries are unnecessary; we won’t hurt him (他不必顾虑重重，我们不会伤害他的。）The waves rose and fell. （海浪此起彼伏）

9. The Western powers moved in with overwhelming force, smashed the “rebellion”, and exacted even more concessions—as well as reparations from the Chinese government.

（原译）西方列强以迅雷不及掩耳之势粉碎了“暴乱”，并以此向中国政府索取更多的租借地和更多的赔款。

（改译）西方列强以迅雷不及掩耳之势涌入中国，平息了“叛乱”，并乘机向中国政府索要更多的租界和赔款。

A Small, elegant woman with (a) dark brown face of many

expressions—and many experiences.

（原译）一个小巧、高雅的女人，深褐色的面孔富于表情——也暗示着她丰富的经历。

（改译）她是一个身材小巧、举止高雅的女人，深褐色的脸上流露出各种表情——可以想见，她具有丰富的经历（阅历）。

10. We have winked at these irregularities too long.

(原译）我们对这些舞弊行为宽容得太久了。

（改译）我们不能再对这些违规行为视而不见了。

11. The progressive forces were kept divided by rigid party loyalties. （原译）进步力量由于顽固的党派之见，陷于分裂状态。

（改译）进步力量因顽固的党派偏执而离散不聚。

第九讲

American government is filled with procedures designed to assure that interested persons may comment on policies before decisions are made.

1、原译：美国政府有许多工作程序，为的是保证在作出决定以前有关人士都能对政策表示意见。

3、改译：美国政府非常注重议事程序，籍以保证新政策出台之前，关注者都能发表意见。

4-1、Their eyes were filled with tears.

他们热泪盈眶。

4-2、The street is filled with cars.

街上挤满了车。

4-3、She was delivered of a boy.

她生了一个男孩。

4-4、The village is populated by about 1,300 farmers.

该村大约有1,300人之多。

Soon afterward Stephen, promoted to the rank of major, was sent by Sherman with some dispatches to General Grant at City Point in Virginia.

1、原译：此后不久，已被晋升为少校的斯梯芬奉谢尔曼之命带着几件公文去晋见弗吉尼亚州西提波音特的格兰特将军。

3-1、He was told that two of them seemed unlikely to make the grade. 他已得知，他们中有两个人好像不能及格。

3-2、She gave many excuses, but what they added up to was that she did not wish to be troubled.

她找了许多借口，但归根结底是她不愿找麻烦。

3-3、She and her husband have been asked out for the evening. 她和她丈夫今晚应邀赴约去了。

3-4、I hope I may be pardoned by all of you.

我希望能得到大家的宽恕。

3-5、He has been wedded to translation.

他与翻译结下了不解之缘。

3-6、If you are pushed for time you had better give it up though it’s your favorite.

如果你没有时间，就割爱吧。

I was received by a tall, lithe, vibrant woman in her 70’s, white-haired, and still beautiful.

1、原译：接见我的是一位高挑轻盈，满头白发的女人；她虽然年逾古稀，仍然精神奕奕，风韵犹存。

3-1、It was suggested by him.

提出这个建议的是他。

3-2、He was questioned by a policeman.

盘问他的是一个警察。

3-3、I was recommended by a teacher.

推荐我的是一位老师。

3-4、The letter was written by a secretary.

写这封信的是一位秘书。

Thomas Caryle believes that the history of the world is but the biographies of great men (in Heroes and Hero-worship), while history is actually made by the people.

1、原译：托马斯·卡莱尔在《英雄与英雄崇拜》一书中写道，世界历史只不过是一部伟人列传。而实际上，历史是人民创造的。

3-1、The injured were carried off with RAF helicopters.

受伤者是用皇家空军的直升飞机运走的。

3-2、Of course, the best face was put on the affair by his friends, but we were still not convinced.

当然，是他的朋友们把事情说得这么好（的），我们是仍然不相信的。 3-3、Not much is wasted in this household; all odds and ends are used up for something.

这一家是浪费不多的；所有零零碎碎地东西都是派了用场的。 3-4、She was very put about it.

她对这件事是很在意的。

3-5、China-ink stains can not be washed out.

墨汁斑渍是洗不掉的。

The only way boxing can be discussed is in the context of a

caveman’s sport, and the only way it can be understood is if you love this sport, God help you.

1、原译：拳击只能在原始穴居人的运动这个意义上加以讨论，也只有一切全凭天意才能为人们所理解：如果你爱上了拳击运动，那就只好一切托上帝的福了。

3-1、Principles mean very little unless they are acted up.

原则如果不加以实行，那就没有什么意义了。

3-2、The subject will further be dealt with in Chapter X of this book. 本书第十章将对这一问题进一步加以讨论。

3-3、Illness must be correctly diagnosed before they can be treated with medicine.

疾病必须先有正确诊断，才能有药物加以治疗。

3-4、Mistakes must not be covered up. They must be exposed before you can correct them.

错误不应当加以掩饰，而必须加以揭露，才能加以改正。

In general, decisions of the first type are relatively easily made. Decisions of the second type are much more difficult.

1、原译：一般来说，作出第一种决定比较容易，作出第二种决定则困难得多。

例如：Shakespeare was read to me till I was about 12.（在我大约12岁以前，就有人把莎士比亚的作品读给我听。）

3-1、Care should be taken to see that the letter is properly addressed. 要注意信的地址是否写对。

3-2、The complaints were not well listened to.

没有认真听取那些批评意见。

3-3、It was suggested that holidays should be staggered over the period.

可以将节假日分散，避免拥挤。

3-4、Why should all the unpleasant jobs be pushed on to me? 为什么总把这些麻烦事都推给我呢？

3-5、A job such as that is not one that should be thrown up without serious thought.

这么一份好差事可不能等闲视之哟。

3-6、A telephone was fitted up in the pavilion.

亭子里装了一部电话。

3-7、Terms for settlement of the dispute have now been agreed. 现已就解决争议的条件达成了协议。

3-8、So much has been published on all kinds of subjects that even a specialist who devoted all his time to reading could not keep up with it. 就各种问题发表了很多材料，即便是整天看材料的专家也应接不暇。 3-9、Time can always be found to do things one wants to do. 只要想干，总是可以找出时间来的。

3-10、In the same year, the second atomic bomb was lasted 同年，爆炸了第二颗原子弹。

Their friendship was turned to enmity through idle gossips.

1、原译：流言蜚语使他们之间的友谊变成了怨仇。

3-1、The findings of the court will be published on Wednesday. 法庭将在星期三公布调查结果。

3-2、I don’t know what was aimed at in these exams.

我不知道这些考试要达到什么目的。

3-3、Many new opportunities will be opened up in the course of time for those with a university education.

今后，具有大学学历的人将会获得很多新的就业机会。

3-4、The news was passed on by word of mouth.

众口相传，消息便不胫而走了。

3-5、Crimes such as this are not usually owned up to unless the culprit hopes to gain something from confessing.

通常。犯人是不会承认这类罪行的，除非认罪对他有利。

3-6、Many expected that he would be outed by one of his rivals. 很多人估计，他的对手之一会取胜。

But one hundred years later, the Negro is still not free. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination.

1、原译：然而100多年过去了，黑人依旧没有获得自由，100多年过去了，黑人的生活仍然很悲惨，一直为种族隔离的镣铐和种族歧视的枷锁所摧残。

3-1、Such conduct will be looked down upon by all with sense of decency.

这种行为将为所有所有具有良知的人所蔑视。

3-2、As soon as all the facts have been found out we can begin to formulate a theory.

一旦所有的事实为人们所发现，理论即可逐步形成。

3-3、We all realized who that mark was aimed at.

我们都知道这个议论究竟为谁而发。

3-4、All the buildings were destroyed in a big fire.

所有的建筑物为大火所焚毁。

3-5、They were deprived of their rights.

他们被剥夺了权利。

3-6、He is flung into obscurity.

他被埋没了。

Many Congressmen desire to protect civil liberties. Almost all the members are considerably influenced by principles of this kind.

1、原译：许多议院要求保护公民自由。差不多所有议员都深受此类原则的影响。

3-1、He was carefully nursed by Carrie’s mother.

他受到嘉利的母亲的悉心照顾（护理）。

3-2、If the scheme is approved, work on the project will start immediately.

如果计划被批准，工程便可马上动工。

3-3、Everyone was fed up with her gossip.

大家都受够了她的流言蜚语。

3-4、He was set upon by two masked men.

他遭到两个蒙面人的袭击。

3-5、This time he was tipped over by his buddies.

这次他挨了哥儿们一顿揍。（这次他可被哥儿们给揍扁了）

3-6、If the expenditure is really necessary, the money can be found somehow.

如果开支确属必要，钱总是可以（被）筹集到的。

3-7、All the people whose names are ticked off have paid their subscription.

所有名字前（被）画了勾的人都交纳了订费。

3-8、This one-party attitude is most seen in closed meetings.

这种不分党派的态度，最常（被）见于秘密会议中（在秘密会议中最常见）。

3-9、The laundry has been done and was put in the basket.

衣服已（被）洗好，（被）放在筐里了。