A comment on a Comparative Study of the Meanings of English- Chinese Words

凡海豹

Abstract: English words and Chinese words are rarely the same in lexical meaning. While they are similar in conceptual meaning, they may differ in associative meanings. According to the thesis by Hu Aiguo and Chen Yiming, there are four perspectives studying the lexical meaning of the meanings of English-Chinese words.

Culture and language are intertwined and shape each other. It is impossible to separate the two. The words with the same conceptual meaning may be associated with different things and emotions because of the differences in history, geography, religion and values and so forth. We all agree that language helps in communicating with people from different backgrounds. However,we may be less aware that culture literacy is necessary to understand the language being used. If we select language without being aware the associative meanings of the words, we may at best not communicate well and at worst send the wrong message. For example, some words may have opposite meanings in two different culture, "individualism" "ambition" are derogatory terms but in Chinese they are commendatory terms.

Conceptual meaning, which makes up the central meaning, refers to logical, cognitive or denotative content. It is definite and comparatively stable. Associative meaning consists of six meanings, namely connotative meaning, social meaning, affective meaning, reflective meaning, collocative meaning and thematic meaning. Which varies from culture to culture.

According to the thesis, I prefer to classify the writers' classification into three parts.

(1) Words with the same conceptual meaning, but different or opposite associative meaning.

(2) Words with the same conceptual meaning, and the partially same associative meaning.

(3) Unique words in their own culture, i.e. lexical gap.

Firstly, the words with the same conceptual meaning may be associated with different cultural connotations or cultural meaning. For example, people from different cultural backgrounds would assign a totally different set of meaning to each color. To the Chinese red represents a color of festivities and splendor, but danger, hot, love and sex to Americans. Green means hope, life and vitality in Chinese, but envy, greed and money in English. Some animals and plants and numbers are also have different connotations, for instance, there are many idioms about dog in English which are commendatory which are inverse in Chinese, like 狐群狗党、狗胆包天. Peacock is the representative of good luck and fortune in Chinese, represents the people who are arrogant. And west wind is hope to the English but dreary and downfallen to the Chinese. To Chinese, three means many or frequently, but to the English, three always signifies disorder or truth, like "three handkerchief", three-dimension. Eight is a lucky number to Chinese which stands for good luke to make much money or become rich.

Secondly, there are also some words with the same conceptual meaning, and the partially same associative meaning and may be richer associative meaning in one language and than in another. So we can see some similarities between different culture. Black in both culture are associated to something evil or bad,like a black deed, a black villain and 黑帮， 黑哨 and so forth. What's more, black means depressive or dull in English. Some phrases with numbers also convey the similar meaning, like at sixes and sevens and 七上八下, nine times of ten and 十有八九.

Thirdly , because of the difference of history, geography, customers,religion and values, there is lexical gap between different languages. For instance, in Chinese we have many kinship terms, some of which seem to have no equivalents in English. The words uncle and aunt are used to indicate all of father's or mother's brothers and sisters. This kind of difference can pose great problems to intercultural understanding. And there are many metaphors about fish in English, but few in Chinese, for they have different life styles and civilization. For the different religion, there are many proverbs from the Bible in English, while in Chinese, we only have many terms with 天（heaven）.

At last, I find that there some word which have the similar conceptual meaning and similar associative meaning, but there is still some differences, I called it conceptual difference. It seems that peasant or farmer means 农民, but in English peasant is the people with rough manners, and farmer refers to the people who operates a farm. And 家 is a social unit based on marriage and ties of blood, so it's bigger than the word family in English. There are more words like this, foreigner, officer, official, individualism and so forth.

So in our daily learning, we have to be aware of this kind of differences. Though some phrases may have the same sentence structure, quite differently in meaning. We have to do more reading and analyse to grasp the lexical differences between Chinese and English.

 

第二篇：药物分析汉英词汇

向国外作者索取文章的信样例

作者：不详 阅读：614 次 时间：2005-12-11 来源：化学化工天地

Dear Mr./Mrs.: ________（作者名）

I am a graduate student of XXXX University in China. I major in xxxx.

Recently, I found one of your articles, titled "__________" （文章名）in XXXX(杂志名）. I found it may help me achieve my goals in this research field. This would make a really positive contribution to my work. I would like to be able to read the full text of this article. The abstract makes the article sound very interesting.

However, this Journal is not available in our library, I have not the access to the full-text file.

I wonder if you would consider sending me the full text by Email. Perhaps you would consider this as an act of friendship between our two countries.

Thank you for your kind consideration of this request.

My Email address is:

My current mailing address:

Sincerely yours,

（your name）

药物分析汉英词汇

以汉语拼音字母顺序为序

（R）-N-3，5-二硝基苯甲酰苯基苷氨酸dimitrobenzyl phenylglycin；DNBPG 1-（3，4-二羟苯基）-2-氨基乙醇重酒石酸盐一水合物[1-（3，4-Dihydroxyphenyl）-2-Aminoethanol Bitartrate mono-hydrate]

2，3，5-三苯基氯化四氮唑 2，3，5-triphenyltetrazolium chlorid，TTC 2，3-二氨基萘2,3-diaminonaphthalene

3，3’-二甲基氧苯基-双-4，4’-（3，5-二苯基）氯化四氮唑{3，3’-dianisole-bis[4，4’-（3，5-dipheny）tetrazolium chloride]}

4，5-苯并苯硒二唑4，5-benzopiazselenol

4-差向脱水四环素 4-ejpianhydrotetracycline，EATC

5-甲基-3-邻氯苯基-4-异……唑青霉素钠cloxacillin sodium

6-氨基青霉烷酸6-aminopenicillanic acid，6-APA

7-氨基头孢菌烷酸7-aminocephalosporanic acid，7-ACA

N-甲基葡萄糖胺反应Elson-Morgan反应

阿片gum opium

氨苄西林ampicillin

氨基糖甙类抗生素aminoglycosides antibiotics

坂口反应 Sakaguchi反应

半自动样品制备系统advanced automated sample processor,AASP 本芴醇benflumelol

苯丙胺phenylpropamine

苯丙醇phenyl propanol

苯甲酸及其钠盐benzoic acid and sodium benzoate

苯扎溴铵Benzalkonii Bromidum

比喹胺praziquanamine

吡嗪pyrazine

壁涂开管柱wall-coated open tubular column，WCOT柱

变异系数coefficient of variation,CV

标准差standard deviation,SD orS

冰片borneal

丙磺舒probenecid

不分流进样splitless injection

不可提取相开管柱nonextractable phase open tubular column，NPOT柱 布美他尼bumetanide

测定对映体enantiomer

差示分光光度法difference spectrophotometry

差示热分析法differential thermal analysis,DTA

差示扫描量热法differential scanning calorimetry,DSC

场解吸field desorption，EI

超临界流体萃取supercritical fluid extraction，SFE

炽灼残渣residue on ignition

川芎嗪tetram ethyloyrazine，TMP

串联质谱MS-MS

大气压化学电离APCI

大气压离子化atmospheric pressure ionization，API

大气压离子化接口API

担体涂渍开管柱support-coated open tubular column，SCOT柱 导数绝对值程序absolute derivative algothm

导数平方程序square derivative algothm

等级色谱响应函数hierarchical chromatographic response function，HCRF

地塞米松Dexamethasonum

蒂巴因thebaine

电喷雾electrospray，ESP

电子轰击离子化electron impact ionization，EI

电子喷雾法ESP

定量限limit of quantitation,LOQ

动态快原子轰击法FAB

多孔层开管柱porous-layer open tubular column，PLOT柱

多离子检测multiple ion detection，MID

二维NMR two dimensional NMR

二硝基氯苯反应Vongerichten反应

二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸银siliver diethyldithio-carbamate

反离子counter

非对映异构体diastereoisomer，DSTM

分流进样split injection

分析质量管理(Analytical Quality Control,AQC)

酚黄乙胺etamsylate

高分辨率气相色谱法high resolution gas chromatography，HRGC 汞齐化法amalgamation method

古蔡Gutzeit

固定化相开管柱immobilized phase open tubular column ，IPOT柱 光谱匹配法spectral matching

硅烷化silylations

国际非专利药名International Names for Pharmaceutical Substances，INN

国际理论和应用化学联合会International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry，IUPAC

国际药典（The International Pharmacopoeia,Ph.Int）

过弗罗里Florisil

含量均匀度content uniformity

合谱combinations

核磁共振nuclear magnetic resonance，NMR

红四氮唑red tetrazoline，RT

化学离子化chemical ionization，CI

环糊精cyclodextrins，CD

环糊精动电色谱cyclodextrins electrokinetic chromatography，CDEKC 检测限limit of detection,LOD

碱性酒石酸铜试验Fehling’s reagent

键合相柱bonding phase column

交联柱crosslinking column

胶束动电毛细管色谱mcellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography，MECC

胶束动电色谱miccellar electrokinetic chromatography，MEKC 接口interface

结合bound

金刚烷adamantane

近红外光谱near infra-red spectrum，NIRS

精密度precision

鲸醇kitol

竞争离子competing ions

开管柱open tubular column

可待因Codeinum

空心柱capillary column

空心柱open tubular column，OTC

快原子轰击fast atom bombardment，FAB

蓝四氮唑blue tetrazoline，BT

离子对高效液相色谱法ion-pair，HPLC

离子对试剂ion pair reagent

离子对提取法ion pair extraction method

离子交换动电色谱ion-exchange electrokinetic chromatography，IEEKC 离子喷雾接口ISP

丽江山慈姑Iphigenia indica Kunth et Benth

粒子束接口partical beam

链霉素streptomycin

良好药品供应规范(Good Supply Practice,GSP)

良好药品临床试验规范(Good Clinical Practice,GCP)

良好药品生产规范(Good Manufacture Practice,GMP)

良好药品实验研究规范（Good Laboratory Practice,GLP）

灵敏度sensitivity

硫酸灰分sulphated ash

硫酸酯sulphates

六甲基三硅氧烷hexam ethylcyclotrisiloxane

氯……Chloroquinum

氯胺酮ketamine

氯化四癸基二甲基苄铵Tetradacyldimethybenzylammonium chloride，TDBA 麻黄碱ephedrine

吗啡Morphinum

麦芽酚maltol

毛细管等电聚焦capillary isoelectric focusing，CIEF

毛细管等速电泳capillary isotachorphoresis，CITP

毛细管电色谱capillary electrochromatography ，CEC

毛细管电泳capillary electrophoresis，CE

毛细管凝胶电泳capillary gel electrophoresis，CGE

毛细管区带电泳capillary zone electrophoresis，CZE

美国国家处方集（The National Formulary,NF）

美国药典（The United States Pharmacopoeia,USP）

美西律mexiletine

命中质量系数hit quality index，HQI

耐用性robustness

诺司卡品noscapine

欧洲药典（European Pharmacopoeia,Ph.Eup）

配基交换剂ligand exchanger

配基交换型手性添加剂chiral ligand-exchange complexes，CLEC 批间精密度between-run precision

批内精密度within-run precision

匹配指数match index，M.I.

葡聚糖sephadex

葡萄糖醛酸甙glucuronides

普鲁卡因procaine

普萘洛尔propranolol

普萘洛尔propranolol

羟氨苄青霉素amoxicillin

羟苯乙酯ethylparoben

亲脂性lipophicity

青蒿素Artemisininum

庆大霉素gentamycin

巯基醋酸mercaptoacetic acid

曲洛磷胺trofosfamide

去氢维生素A dehydroretinol

去水维生素A anhydroretinol

去氧麻黄碱Metamfetaminum

全血whole blood

热喷雾thermospray，TSP

热重分析法thermogravimetric analysis,TGA

人工神经网络方法artificial neural networks，ANN

日间精密度day to day precision

日内精密度within-day precision

溶出度dissulution

熔融石英开管柱fused silica open tubular column，FSOT 噻吗洛尔thimolol

三点手性识别模式three-point chiral recognition model 三氯化锑反应Carr-Price反应

散布图scatter diagram

扫尾剂tailing-suppressing reagent

色谱联用技术hyphenated techniques chromatography，HTC 色谱响应函数chromatographic response function，CRF 色谱优化函数chromatographic optimization function，COF 沙粒度胺thalidomide

生物碱alkaloids

释药系统（drug delivery system，DDS）

手性传荷charge transfer

手性分离色谱chiral separation chromatography，CSC

手性固定化chiralstationary phase，CSP

手性离子对络合剂chiralion pair complex，CIPC

手性衍生试剂chiral derivatization reagent，CDR

四环素类tetracyclines

填充柱packed column

铁-酚试剂iron-phenol reagent

铁-柯柏试剂iron-Kober reagent

托非索泮tofisopam

拖尾因子tailing factor

烷基化alkylations

微滴乳状液动电色谱microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography，MEEKC

维生素B1 thiamine hydrochloride；盐酸硫胺

维生素vitamin

戊烯二醛反应K?nig反应

烯丙洛尔alprenolol

酰基化acylations

线性与范围linearity and range

相对标准差relative standard deviation,RSD

溴化十六烷基三甲基苄铵cetyltrimethylbenzylammonium bromide，CTMA 选择性selectivity

选择性离子监测xelected ion monitoring，SIM

血浆plasma

血清serum

氧瓶燃烧法oxygen flask combustion method

氧烯洛尔 oxyprenolol

药物的鉴别试验identification test

液-固提取法liquid-solid extraction LSE

液-液提取法liquid-liquid extraction,LLE

一般鉴别试验general identification test

乙酰葡萄糖异硫氰酸酯（2，3，4，6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosylisothiocyanate，GITC

异红紫酸盐isopurpurate

异氰酸-α-萘酯（α-naphthylisocyanae，NI

英国药典（British Pharmacopoeia,BP）

荧光偏振免疫测定法fluorescence polarization immunoassay，FPIA 游离free

有机化学命名原则Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry

有色甲 ……formazan

直接进样direct injection

治疗药物浓度监测therapeutic drug monitoring,TDM

质量碎片图谱法mass fragmentography

中国药典（Chinese Pharmacopoeia,ChP）

中红外光谱mid infra-red spectrum，MIRS

重建色谱图reconstructive chromatogram

重现性ruggedness

主成分分析法principal component regression，PCR

柱头进样on-column injection

专属鉴别试验specific identification test

专属性specificity

缀合物conjugate

准确度accuracy

总离子流total ion carrent，TIC

最低检出量minimum detectable quantity

最低检出浓度minimum detectable concentration

最小二乘方程序least squares algothm

左旋比喹酮L-praziquantel

药物分析汉英词汇

以汉语拼音字母顺序为序

（R）-N-3，5-二硝基苯甲酰苯基苷氨酸dimitrobenzyl phenylglycin；DNBPG

1-（3，4-二羟苯基）-2-氨基乙醇重酒石酸盐一水合物[1-（3，4-Dihydroxyphenyl）-2-Aminoethanol Bitartrate mono-hydrate]

2，3，5-三苯基氯化四氮唑 2，3，5-triphenyltetrazolium chlorid，TTC

2，3-二氨基萘2,3-diaminonaphthalene

3，3’-二甲基氧苯基-双-4，4’-（3，5-二苯基）氯化四氮唑{3，3’-dianisole-bis[4，4’-（3，5-dipheny）tetrazolium chloride]}

4，5-苯并苯硒二唑4，5-benzopiazselenol

4-差向脱水四环素 4-ejpianhydrotetracycline，EATC

5-甲基-3-邻氯苯基-4-异……唑青霉素钠cloxacillin sodium

6-氨基青霉烷酸6-aminopenicillanic acid，6-APA

7-氨基头孢菌烷酸7-aminocephalosporanic acid，7-ACA

N-甲基葡萄糖胺反应Elson-Morgan反应

阿片gum opium

氨苄西林ampicillin

氨基糖甙类抗生素aminoglycosides antibiotics

坂口反应 Sakaguchi反应

半自动样品制备系统advanced automated sample processor,AASP

本芴醇benflumelol

苯丙胺phenylpropamine

苯丙醇phenyl propanol

苯甲酸及其钠盐benzoic acid and sodium benzoate

苯扎溴铵Benzalkonii Bromidum

比喹胺praziquanamine

吡嗪pyrazine

壁涂开管柱wall-coated open tubular column，WCOT柱

变异系数coefficient of variation,CV

标准差standard deviation,SD orS

冰片borneal

丙磺舒probenecid

不分流进样splitless injection

不可提取相开管柱nonextractable phase open tubular column，NPOT柱 布美他尼bumetanide

测定对映体enantiomer

差示分光光度法difference spectrophotometry

差示热分析法differential thermal analysis,DTA

差示扫描量热法differential scanning calorimetry,DSC

场解吸field desorption，EI

超临界流体萃取supercritical fluid extraction，SFE

炽灼残渣residue on ignition

川芎嗪tetram ethyloyrazine，TMP

串联质谱MS-MS

大气压化学电离APCI

大气压离子化atmospheric pressure ionization，API

大气压离子化接口API

担体涂渍开管柱support-coated open tubular column，SCOT柱

导数绝对值程序absolute derivative algothm

导数平方程序square derivative algothm

等级色谱响应函数hierarchical chromatographic response function，HCRF 地塞米松Dexamethasonum

蒂巴因thebaine

电喷雾electrospray，ESP

电子轰击离子化electron impact ionization，EI

电子喷雾法ESP

定量限limit of quantitation,LOQ

动态快原子轰击法FAB

多孔层开管柱porous-layer open tubular column，PLOT柱

多离子检测multiple ion detection，MID

二维NMR two dimensional NMR

二硝基氯苯反应Vongerichten反应

二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸银siliver diethyldithio-carbamate

反离子counter

非对映异构体diastereoisomer，DSTM

分流进样split injection

分析质量管理(Analytical Quality Control,AQC)

酚黄乙胺etamsylate

高分辨率气相色谱法high resolution gas chromatography，HRGC 汞齐化法amalgamation method

古蔡Gutzeit

固定化相开管柱immobilized phase open tubular column ，IPOT柱

光谱匹配法spectral matching

硅烷化silylations

国际非专利药名International Names for Pharmaceutical Substances，INN

国际理论和应用化学联合会International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry，IUPAC

国际药典（The International Pharmacopoeia,Ph.Int）

过弗罗里Florisil

含量均匀度content uniformity

合谱combinations

核磁共振nuclear magnetic resonance，NMR

红四氮唑red tetrazoline，RT

化学离子化chemical ionization，CI

环糊精cyclodextrins，CD

环糊精动电色谱cyclodextrins electrokinetic chromatography，CDEKC

检测限limit of detection,LOD

碱性酒石酸铜试验Fehling’s reagent

键合相柱bonding phase column

交联柱crosslinking column

胶束动电毛细管色谱mcellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography，MECC 胶束动电色谱miccellar electrokinetic chromatography，MEKC

接口interface

结合bound

金刚烷adamantane

近红外光谱near infra-red spectrum，NIRS

精密度precision

鲸醇kitol

竞争离子competing ions

开管柱open tubular column

可待因Codeinum

空心柱capillary column

空心柱open tubular column，OTC

快原子轰击fast atom bombardment，FAB

蓝四氮唑blue tetrazoline，BT

离子对高效液相色谱法ion-pair，HPLC

离子对试剂ion pair reagent

离子对提取法ion pair extraction method

离子交换动电色谱ion-exchange electrokinetic chromatography，IEEKC 离子喷雾接口ISP

丽江山慈姑Iphigenia indica Kunth et Benth

粒子束接口partical beam

链霉素streptomycin

良好药品供应规范(Good Supply Practice,GSP)

良好药品临床试验规范(Good Clinical Practice,GCP)

良好药品生产规范(Good Manufacture Practice,GMP)

良好药品实验研究规范（Good Laboratory Practice,GLP）

灵敏度sensitivity

硫酸灰分sulphated ash

硫酸酯sulphates

六甲基三硅氧烷hexam ethylcyclotrisiloxane

氯……Chloroquinum

氯胺酮ketamine

氯化四癸基二甲基苄铵Tetradacyldimethybenzylammonium chloride，TDBA 麻黄碱ephedrine

吗啡Morphinum

麦芽酚maltol

毛细管等电聚焦capillary isoelectric focusing，CIEF

毛细管等速电泳capillary isotachorphoresis，CITP

毛细管电色谱capillary electrochromatography ，CEC

毛细管电泳capillary electrophoresis，CE

毛细管凝胶电泳capillary gel electrophoresis，CGE

毛细管区带电泳capillary zone electrophoresis，CZE

美国国家处方集（The National Formulary,NF）

美国药典（The United States Pharmacopoeia,USP）

美西律mexiletine

命中质量系数hit quality index，HQI

耐用性robustness

诺司卡品noscapine

欧洲药典（European Pharmacopoeia,Ph.Eup）

配基交换剂ligand exchanger

配基交换型手性添加剂chiral ligand-exchange complexes，CLEC

批间精密度between-run precision

批内精密度within-run precision

匹配指数match index，M.I.

葡聚糖sephadex

葡萄糖醛酸甙glucuronides

普鲁卡因procaine

普萘洛尔propranolol

普萘洛尔propranolol

羟氨苄青霉素amoxicillin

羟苯乙酯ethylparoben

亲脂性lipophicity

青蒿素Artemisininum

庆大霉素gentamycin

巯基醋酸mercaptoacetic acid

曲洛磷胺trofosfamide

去氢维生素A dehydroretinol

去水维生素A anhydroretinol

去氧麻黄碱Metamfetaminum

全血whole blood

热喷雾thermospray，TSP

热重分析法thermogravimetric analysis,TGA

人工神经网络方法artificial neural networks，ANN

日间精密度day to day precision

日内精密度within-day precision

溶出度dissulution

熔融石英开管柱fused silica open tubular column，FSOT

噻吗洛尔thimolol

三点手性识别模式three-point chiral recognition model

三氯化锑反应Carr-Price反应

散布图scatter diagram

扫尾剂tailing-suppressing reagent

色谱联用技术hyphenated techniques chromatography，HTC

色谱响应函数chromatographic response function，CRF

色谱优化函数chromatographic optimization function，COF

沙粒度胺thalidomide

生物碱alkaloids

释药系统（drug delivery system，DDS）

手性传荷charge transfer

手性分离色谱chiral separation chromatography，CSC

手性固定化chiralstationary phase，CSP

手性离子对络合剂chiralion pair complex，CIPC

手性衍生试剂chiral derivatization reagent，CDR

四环素类tetracyclines

填充柱packed column

铁-酚试剂iron-phenol reagent

铁-柯柏试剂iron-Kober reagent

托非索泮tofisopam

拖尾因子tailing factor

烷基化alkylations

微滴乳状液动电色谱microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography，MEEKC 维生素B1 thiamine hydrochloride；盐酸硫胺

维生素vitamin

戊烯二醛反应K?nig反应

烯丙洛尔alprenolol

酰基化acylations

线性与范围linearity and range

相对标准差relative standard deviation,RSD

溴化十六烷基三甲基苄铵cetyltrimethylbenzylammonium bromide，CTMA 选择性selectivity

选择性离子监测xelected ion monitoring，SIM

血浆plasma

血清serum

氧瓶燃烧法oxygen flask combustion method

氧烯洛尔 oxyprenolol

药物的鉴别试验identification test

液-固提取法liquid-solid extraction LSE

液-液提取法liquid-liquid extraction,LLE

一般鉴别试验general identification test

乙酰葡萄糖异硫氰酸酯（2，3，4，6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosylisothiocyanate，GITC

异红紫酸盐isopurpurate

异氰酸-α-萘酯（α-naphthylisocyanae，NI

英国药典（British Pharmacopoeia,BP）

荧光偏振免疫测定法fluorescence polarization immunoassay，FPIA

游离free

有机化学命名原则Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry

有色甲 ……formazan

直接进样direct injection

治疗药物浓度监测therapeutic drug monitoring,TDM

质量碎片图谱法mass fragmentography

中国药典（Chinese Pharmacopoeia,ChP）

中红外光谱mid infra-red spectrum，MIRS

重建色谱图reconstructive chromatogram

重现性ruggedness

主成分分析法principal component regression，PCR

柱头进样on-column injection

专属鉴别试验specific identification test

专属性specificity

缀合物conjugate

准确度accuracy

总离子流total ion carrent，TIC

最低检出量minimum detectable quantity

最低检出浓度minimum detectable concentration

最小二乘方程序least squares algothm

左旋比喹酮L-praziquantel

常用实验仪器名称中英文对照表

来源：化学化工天地

常用实验仪器名称中英文对照表

仪器中文名称 仪器英文名称 英文缩写

原子发射光谱仪 Atomic Emission Spectrometer AES

电感偶合等离子体发射光谱仪 Inductive Coupled Plasma Emission

Spectrometer ICP

直流等离子体发射光谱仪 Direct Current Plasma Emission Spectrometer DCP

紫外-可见光分光光度计 UV-Visible Spectrophotometer UV-Vis 微波等离子体光谱仪 Microwave Inductive Plasma Emission Spectrometer MIP

原子吸收光谱仪 Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy AAS 原子荧光光谱仪 Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy AFS 傅里叶变换红外光谱仪 FT-IR Spectrometer FTIR

傅里叶变换拉曼光谱仪 FT-Raman Spectrometer FTIR-Raman 气相色谱仪 Gas Chromatograph GC

高压/效液相色谱仪 High Pressure/Performance Liquid Chromatography HPLC

离子色谱仪 Ion Chromatograph

凝胶渗透色谱仪 Gel Permeation Chromatograph GPC 体积排阻色谱 Size Exclusion Chromatograph SEC X射线荧光光谱仪 X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer XRF X射线衍射仪 X-Ray Diffractomer XRD

同位素X荧光光谱仪 Isotope X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer 电子能谱仪 Electron Energy Disperse Spectroscopy 能谱仪 Energy Disperse Spectroscopy EDS 质谱仪 Mass Spectrometer MS

ICP-质谱联用仪 ICP-MS ICP-MS

气相色谱-质谱联用仪 GC-MS GC-MS

液相色谱-质谱联用仪 LC-MS LC-MS

核磁共振波谱仪 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer NMR 电子顺磁共振波谱仪 Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectrometer ESR

极谱仪 Polarograph

伏安仪 Voltammerter

自动滴定仪 Automatic Titrator

电导仪 Conductivity Meter

pH计 pH Meter

水质分析仪 Water Test Kits

电泳仪 Electrophoresis System

表面科学 Surface Science

电子显微镜 Electro Microscopy

光学显微镜 Optical Microscopy

金相显微镜 Metallurgical Microscopy

扫描探针显微镜 Scanning Probe Microscopy

表面分析仪 Surface Analyzer

无损检测仪 Instrument for Nondestructive Testing 物性分析 Physical Property Analysis

热分析仪 Thermal Analyzer

粘度计 Viscometer

流变仪 Rheometer

粒度分析仪 Particle Size Analyzer

热物理性能测定仪 Thermal Physical Property Tester 电性能测定仪 Electrical Property Tester

光学性能测定仪 Optical Property Tester

机械性能测定仪 Mechanical Property Tester

燃烧性能测定仪 Combustion Property Tester

老化性能测定仪 Aging Property Tester

生物技术分析 Biochemical analysis

PCR仪 Instrument for Polymerase Chain Reaction PCR DNA及蛋白质的测序和合成仪 Sequencers and Synthesizers for DNA and Protein

传感器 Sensors

其他 Other/Miscellaneous

流动分析与过程分析 Flow Analytical and Process Analytical Chemistry 气体分析 Gas Analysis

基本物理量测定 Basic Physics

样品处理 Sample Handling

金属/材料元素分析仪 Metal/material elemental analysis 环境成分分析仪 CHN Analysis

发酵罐 Fermenter

生物反应器 Bio-reactor

摇床 Shaker

离心机 Centrifuge

超声破碎仪 Ultrasonic Cell Disruptor

超低温冰箱 Ultra-low Temperature Freezer

恒温循环泵 Constant Temperature Circulator

超滤器 Ultrahigh Purity Filter

冻干机 Freeze Drying Equipment

部分收集器 Fraction Collector

氨基酸测序仪 Protein Sequencer

氨基酸组成分析仪 Amino Acid Analyzer

多肽合成仪 Peptide synthesizer

DNA测序仪 DNA Sequencers

DNA合成仪 DNA synthesizer

紫外观察灯 Ultraviolet Lamp

分子杂交仪 Hybridization Oven

PCR仪 PCR Amplifier

化学发光仪 Chemiluminescence Apparatus

紫外检测仪 Ultraviolet Detector

电泳 Electrophoresis

酶标仪 ELIASA

CO2培养箱 CO2 Incubators

倒置显微镜 Inverted Microscope

超净工作台 Bechtop

流式细胞仪 Flow Cytometer

微生物自动分析系统 Automatic Analyzer for Microbes 生化分析仪 Biochemical Analyzer

血气分析仪 Blood-gas Analyzer

电解质分析仪 Electrolytic Analyzer

尿液分析仪 Urine Analyzer

临床药物浓度仪 Analyzer for Clinic Medicine Concentration 血球计数器 Hematocyte Counter

玻璃漏斗 Glass funnel long stem

试管 test tube test tube brush test tube holder test tube rack

蒸发皿 evaporating dish small

烧杯 beaker

锥形瓶 Erlenmeyer

量筒 grad cylinder

洗瓶 plastic wash bottle

勺皿 casserole ,small

stoppered flask

分液漏斗 separalory funnel

water bath/oil bath

strring bar

magnetic stirrer

冷凝器 condenser

Ballast bottle

圆颈烧瓶 Round-buttom flask

试剂瓶 reagent bottles

托盘天平 platform balance 台秤

0.1g 托盘pan 指针刻度表pointer and scale

crossbeams and sliding weights 游码

分析天平 two-pan/single-pan analytical balance

滴定管 burette glass bead(basic) nozzle

移液管 pipette 胖肚 elongated glass bulb

洗耳球 rubber suction bulb

玻棒 glass rod

玻璃活塞 stopcock

容量瓶 pyknowmeter flasks

比重瓶 (one-mark)volumetric flasks

胖肚吸管 one-mark pipette

刻度吸管 graduated pipettes

实验仪器清单

1、 柜子中 四、抽屉中：

锥形瓶(conical flask) 250ml×4 药匙(medicine spoon)×1 (Erlenmeyer flask) 100 ml×3 滴管(drip tube;dropper)×2 烧杯(beaker) 500 ml×1 玻棒(Glass stic)×2

250 ml×3 木试管夹(test tube clamp;test tube holder)×1 100 ml×3 胖肚吸管(straws) 25 ml×1

50 ml×2 10 ml×1

容量瓶(volumetric flask) 100 ml×2 乳钵(morta)×1 50 ml×4 洗耳球(ear wadhing bulb)

碘量瓶 (iodin numoe flask;iodineflask) 500 ml×3 试剂瓶 (reagent bottle) （无色）×2

（棕色）×2 配洗液：

量筒（cylinder） 100 ml×1 K2Cr2O72g+5ml水→65mlH2SO4

(graduated cylinder)10ml×1 边加边搅拌(stir)。

二、台面上仪器： 一般仪器的洗涤(wash)

铁支架(siderocradle)+蝴蝶架

白瓷板(White Porcelain Board ) （一）清点仪器(to count;to make an inventory) 酸式滴定管(Acid burette) 25 ml×1 配洗液 (Lotion)

碱式滴定管(Alkali burette)25 ml×1 一般仪器的洗涤

三、公用柜中： （二）滴定管(buret;burette)

直型冷凝器(rectocondensor)×1 容量瓶(volumetric flask)

漏斗架 (funnel stand) ×2 移液管(pipe)

水浴锅(water bath kettle) ×1

温度计(Thermometer;hygrometer;hydroscope) ×1

电炉(electric furnace;electric hot plate;electric stove) 四人一个

《分析化学》上册

第一章 绪论

分析化学：analytical chemistry

定性分析：qualitative analysis

定量分析：quantitative analysis

物理分析：physical analysis

物理化学分析：physico-chemical analysis

仪器分析法：instrumental analysis

流动注射分析法：flow injection analysis；FIA

顺序注射分析法：sequentical injection analysis;SIA

化学计量学：chemometrics

第二章 误差的分析数据处理

绝对误差：absolute error

相对误差：relative error

系统误差：systematic error

可定误差：determinate error

随机误差：accidental error

不可定误差：indeterminate error

准确度：accuracy

精确度：precision

偏差：debiation，d

平均偏差：average debiation

相对平均偏差：relative average debiation

标准偏差（标准差）：standerd deviation;S

相对平均偏差：relatibe standard deviation;RSD 变异系数：coefficient of variation

误差传递：propagation of error

有效数字：significant figure

置信水平：confidence level

显著性水平：level of significance

合并标准偏差（组合标准差）：pooled standard debiation 舍弃商：rejection quotient ;Q

化学定量分析

第三章 滴定分析概论

滴定分析法：titrametric analysis

滴定：titration

容量分析法:volumetric analysis

化学计量点：stoichiometric point 等当点：equivalent point

电荷平衡：charge balance

电荷平衡式：charge balance equation 质量平衡：mass balance

物料平衡：material balance

质量平衡式：mass balance equation

第四章 酸碱滴定法

酸碱滴定法：acid-base titrations

质子自递反应：autoprotolysis reaction 质子自递常数：autoprotolysis constant 质子条件式:proton balance equation 酸碱指示剂：acid-base indicator 指示剂常数：indicator constant 变色范围：colour change interval 混合指示剂：mixed indicator

双指示剂滴定法：double indicator titration

第五章 非水滴定法

非水滴定法：nonaqueous titrations 质子溶剂：protonic solvent

酸性溶剂：acid solvent

碱性溶剂：basic solvent

两性溶剂:amphototeric solvent 无质子溶剂：aprotic solvent

均化效应：differentiating effect

区分性溶剂：differentiating solvent

离子化：ionization

离解：dissociation

结晶紫：crystal violet

萘酚苯甲醇: α-naphthalphenol benzyl alcohol 奎哪啶红：quinadinered

百里酚蓝：thymol blue

偶氮紫：azo violet

溴酚蓝：bromophenol blue

分析化学汉英词库／仪器常用词汇／药物分析专业词汇 词汇来源：

玻璃漏斗 Glass funnel long stem

试管 test tube test tube brush test tube holder test tube rack 蒸发皿 evaporating dish small

烧杯 beaker

锥形瓶 Erlenmeyer

量筒 grad cylinder

洗瓶 plastic wash bottle

勺皿 casserole ,small

stoppered flask

分液漏斗 separalory funnel

water bath/oil bath

strring bar

magnetic stirrer

冷凝器 condenser

Ballast bottle

圆颈烧瓶 Round-buttom flask

试剂瓶 reagent bottles

托盘天平 platform balance 台秤

0.1g 托盘pan 指针刻度表pointer and scale

crossbeams and sliding weights 游码

分析天平 two-pan/single-pan analytical balance

滴定管 burette glass bead(basic) nozzle

移液管 pipette 胖肚 elongated glass bulb

洗耳球 rubber suction bulb

玻棒 glass rod

玻璃活塞 stopcock

容量瓶 pyknowmeter flasks

比重瓶 (one-mark)volumetric flasks

胖肚吸管 one-mark pipette

刻度吸管 graduated pipettes

实验仪器清单

1、 柜子中 四、抽屉中：

锥形瓶(conical flask) 250ml×4 药匙(medicine spoon)×1 (Erlenmeyer flask) 100 ml×3 滴管(drip tube;dropper)×2 烧杯(beaker) 500 ml×1 玻棒(Glass stic)×2

250 ml×3 木试管夹(test tube clamp;test tube holder)×1 100 ml×3 胖肚吸管(straws) 25 ml×1

50 ml×2 10 ml×1

容量瓶(volumetric flask) 100 ml×2 乳钵(morta)×1 50 ml×4 洗耳球(ear wadhing bulb)

碘量瓶 (iodin numoe flask;iodineflask) 500 ml×3

试剂瓶 (reagent bottle) （无色）×2

（棕色）×2 配洗液：

量筒（cylinder） 100 ml×1 K2Cr2O72g+5ml水→65mlH2SO4 (graduated cylinder)10ml×1 边加边搅拌(stir)。

二、台面上仪器： 一般仪器的洗涤(wash)

铁支架(siderocradle)+蝴蝶架

白瓷板(White Porcelain Board ) （一）清点仪器(to count;to make an inventory) 酸式滴定管(Acid burette) 25 ml×1 配洗液 (Lotion)

碱式滴定管(Alkali burette)25 ml×1 一般仪器的洗涤

三、公用柜中： （二）滴定管(buret;burette)

直型冷凝器(rectocondensor)×1 容量瓶(volumetric flask)

漏斗架 (funnel stand) ×2 移液管(pipe)

水浴锅(water bath kettle) ×1

温度计(Thermometer;hygrometer;hydroscope) ×1

电炉(electric furnace;electric hot plate;electric stove) 四人一个

《分析化学》上册

第一章 绪论

分析化学：analytical chemistry

定性分析：qualitative analysis

定量分析：quantitative analysis

物理分析：physical analysis

物理化学分析：physico-chemical analysis

仪器分析法：instrumental analysis

流动注射分析法：flow injection analysis；FIA

顺序注射分析法：sequentical injection analysis;SIA

化学计量学：chemometrics

第二章 误差的分析数据处理

绝对误差：absolute error

相对误差：relative error

系统误差：systematic error

可定误差：determinate error

随机误差：accidental error

不可定误差：indeterminate error

准确度：accuracy

精确度：precision

偏差：debiation，d

平均偏差：average debiation

相对平均偏差：relative average debiation

标准偏差（标准差）：standerd deviation;S

相对平均偏差：relatibe standard deviation;RSD 变异系数：coefficient of variation

误差传递：propagation of error

有效数字：significant figure

置信水平：confidence level

显著性水平：level of significance

合并标准偏差（组合标准差）：pooled standard debiation 舍弃商：rejection quotient ;Q

化学定量分析

第三章 滴定分析概论

滴定分析法：titrametric analysis

滴定：titration

容量分析法:volumetric analysis

化学计量点：stoichiometric point

等当点：equivalent point

电荷平衡：charge balance

电荷平衡式：charge balance equation

质量平衡：mass balance

物料平衡：material balance

质量平衡式：mass balance equation

第四章 酸碱滴定法

酸碱滴定法：acid-base titrations

质子自递反应：autoprotolysis reaction 质子自递常数：autoprotolysis constant 质子条件式:proton balance equation 酸碱指示剂：acid-base indicator

指示剂常数：indicator constant

变色范围：colour change interval 混合指示剂：mixed indicator

双指示剂滴定法：double indicator titration

第五章 非水滴定法

非水滴定法：nonaqueous titrations

质子溶剂：protonic solvent

酸性溶剂：acid solvent

碱性溶剂：basic solvent

两性溶剂:amphototeric solvent

无质子溶剂：aprotic solvent

均化效应：differentiating effect

区分性溶剂：differentiating solvent 离子化：ionization

离解：dissociation

结晶紫：crystal violet

萘酚苯甲醇: α-naphthalphenol benzyl alcohol 奎哪啶红：quinadinered

百里酚蓝：thymol blue

偶氮紫：azo violet

溴酚蓝：bromophenol blue

第六章 配位滴定法

配位滴定法：compleximetry

乙二胺四乙酸：ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid,EDTA

螯合物：chelate compound

金属指示剂：metal lochrome indcator

第七章 氧化还原滴定法

氧化还原滴定法：oxidation-reduction titration 碘量法：iodimetry

溴量法：bromimetry ]

溴量法：bromine method

铈量法：cerimetry

高锰酸钾法：potassium permanganate method 条件电位：conditional potential

溴酸钾法：potassium bromate method 硫酸铈法：cerium sulphate method 偏高碘酸：metaperiodic acid

高碘酸盐：periodate

亚硝酸钠法：sodium nitrite method 重氮化反应：diazotization reaction

重氮化滴定法：diazotization titration 亚硝基化反应：nitrozation reaction 亚硝基化滴定法：nitrozation titration 外指示剂：external indicator

外指示剂：outside indicator

重铬酸钾法：potassium dichromate method

第八章 沉淀滴定法

沉淀滴定法：precipitation titration

容量滴定法：volumetric precipitation method 银量法：argentometric method

第九章 重量分析法

重量分析法：gravimetric analysis

挥发法：volatilization method

引湿水（湿存水）：water of hydroscopicity 包埋(藏)水：occluded water

吸入水：water of imbibition

结晶水：water of crystallization

组成水：water of composition

液-液萃取法：liquid-liquid extration 溶剂萃取法：solvent extration

反萃取：counter extraction

分配系数：partition coefficient

分配比：distribution ratio

离子对（离子缔合物）：ion pair 沉淀形式：precipitation forms

称量形式：weighing forms

《分析化学》下册

仪器分析 概述

物理分析：physical analysis

物理化学分析：physicochemical analysis 仪器分析：instrumental analysis

第十章 电位法及永停滴定法

电化学分析：electrochemical analysis 电解法：electrolytic analysis method 电重量法：electtogravimetry

库仑法：coulometry

库仑滴定法：coulometric titration 电导法：conductometry

电导分析法：conductometric analysis 电导滴定法：conductometric titration 电位法：potentiometry

直接电位法：dirext potentiometry

电位滴定法：potentiometric titration

伏安法：voltammetry

极谱法：polarography

溶出法：stripping method

电流滴定法：amperometric titration

化学双电层：chemical double layer

相界电位：phase boundary potential

金属电极电位：electrode potential

化学电池：chemical cell

液接界面：liquid junction boundary

原电池：galvanic cell

电解池：electrolytic cell

负极：cathrode

正极：anode

电池电动势：eletromotive force

指示电极：indicator electrode

参比电极：reference electroade

标准氢电极：standard hydrogen electrode 一级参比电极：primary reference electrode 饱和甘汞电极：standard calomel electrode

银－氯化银电极：silver silver-chloride electrode 液接界面：liquid junction boundary

不对称电位：asymmetry potential

表观PH值：apparent PH

复合PH电极：combination PH electrode 离子选择电极：ion selective electrode 敏感器：sensor

晶体电极:crystalline electrodes

均相膜电极：homogeneous membrance electrodes 非均相膜电极：heterog eneous membrance electrodes

非晶体电极：non- crystalline electrodes

刚性基质电极：rigid matrix electrode

流流体载动电极：electrode with a mobile carrier

气敏电极：gas sensing electrodes

酶电极：enzyme electrodes

金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管：MOSFET

离子选择场效应管：ISFET

总离子强度调节缓冲剂：total ion strength adjustment buffer,TISAB 永停滴定法：dead-stop titration

双电流滴定法（双安培滴定法）：double amperometric titration

第十一章 光谱分析法概论

普朗克常数：Plank constant

电磁波谱：electromagnetic spectrum

光谱：spectrum

光谱分析法：spectroscopic analysis

原子发射光谱法：atomic emission spectroscopy

质量谱：mass spectrum

质谱法：mass spectroscopy,MS

第十二章 紫外－可见分光光度法

紫外－可见分光光度法：ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry;UV-vis 肩峰：shoulder peak

末端吸收：end absorbtion

生色团：chromophore

助色团：auxochrome

红移：red shift

长移：bathochromic shift

短移：hypsochromic shift

蓝（紫）移：blue shift

增色效应（浓色效应）：hyperchromic effect

减色效应（淡色效应）：hypochromic effect 强带：strong band

弱带：weak band

吸收带：absorption band

透光率：transmitance,T

吸光度：absorbance

谱带宽度：band width

杂散光：stray light

噪声：noise

暗噪声：dark noise

散粒噪声：signal shot noise

闪耀光栅：blazed grating

全息光栅：holographic graaing

光二极管阵列检测器：photodiode array detector 偏最小二乘法：partial least squares method ,PLS 褶合光谱法：convolution spectrometry 褶合变换：convolution transform,CT

离散小波变换：wavelet transform,WT

多尺度细化分析：multiscale analysis

供电子取代基：electron donating group 吸电子取代基：electron with-drawing group

第十三章 荧光分析法

荧光：fluorescence

荧光分析法：fluorometry

X-射线荧光分析法：X-ray fulorometry 原子荧光分析法：atomic fluorometry

分子荧光分析法：molecular fluorometry 振动弛豫：vibrational relexation

内转换：internal conversion

外转换：external conversion

体系间跨越：intersystem crossing

激发光谱：excitation spectrum

荧光光谱：fluorescence spectrum

斯托克斯位移：Stokes shift

荧光寿命：fluorescence life time

荧光效率：fluorescence efficiency

荧光量子产率：fluorescence quantum yield

荧光熄灭法：fluorescence quemching method

散射光：scattering light

瑞利光：Reyleith scanttering light

拉曼光：Raman scattering light

第十四章 红外分光光度法

红外线：infrared ray,IR

中红外吸收光谱：mid-infrared absorption spectrum,Mid-IR 远红外光谱：Far-IR

微波谱：microwave spectrum,MV

红外吸收光谱法：infrared spectroscopy

红外分光光度法：infrared spectrophotometry

振动形式：mode of vibration

伸缩振动：stretching vibration

对称伸缩振动：symmetrical stretching vibration 不对称伸缩振动：asymmetrical stretching vibration 弯曲振动：bending vibration

变形振动：formation vibration

面内弯曲振动:in-plane bending vibration,β

剪式振动：scissoring vibration,δ

面内摇摆振动：rocking vibration,ρ

面外弯曲振动：out-of-plane bending vibration,γ 面外摇摆振动：wagging vibration,ω

蜷曲振动：twisting vibration ,τ

对称变形振动：symmetrical deformation vibration ,δs

不对称变形振动：asymmetrical deformation vibration, δas 特征吸收峰:charateristic avsorption band

特征频率：characteristic frequency

相关吸收峰：correlation absorption band

杂化影响：hybridization affect

环大小效应：ring size effect

吸收峰的强度：intensity of absorption band

环折叠振动：ring prckering vibration

第十五章 原子吸收分光光度法

原子光谱法：atomic spectroscopy

原子吸收分光光度法：atomic absorption spectrophotometry,AAS 原子发射分光光度法：atomic emmsion spectrophotometry,AES 原子荧光分光光度法：atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry,AFS

第十六章 核磁共振波谱法

核磁共振：nuclear magnetic resonance,NMR

核磁共振波谱：NMR spectrum

核磁共振波谱法：NMR spectroscopy

扫场：swept field

扫频：seept frequency

连续波核磁共振：continuous wave NMR,CW NMR

Fourier变换NMR：PFT-NMR,FT-NMR

二维核磁共振谱：2D-NMR

质子核磁共振谱：proton magnetic resonance spectrum,PMR 氢谱：1H-NMR

碳－13核磁共振谱：13C-NMR spectrum,13CNMR

自旋角动量：spin angular momentum

磁旋比：magnetogyric ratio

磁量子数：magnetic quantum number,m

进动：precession

弛豫历程：relaxation mechanism

局部抗磁屏蔽：local diamagnetic shielding 屏蔽常数：shielding constant

化学位移：chemical shift

国际纯粹与应用化学协会：IUPAC

磁各向异性：magnetic anisotropy

远程屏蔽效应：long range shielding effect 结面：nodal plane

自旋－自旋偶合：spin-spin coupling

自旋－自旋分裂：spin=spin splitting

单峰：singlet,s

双峰：doublet,d

三重峰：triplet,t

四重峰：quartet

五重峰：quintet

六重峰：sextet

偕偶：geminal coupling

邻偶：vicinal coupling

远程偶合：long range coupling

磁等价：magnetic eqivalence

自旋系统：spin system

一级光谱：first order spectrum

二级光谱（二级图谱）：second order spectrum C-H光谱：C-H correlated spectroscopy,C-H COSY

第十七章 质谱法

质谱分析法：mass spectrometry

质谱：mass spectrum,MS

棒图：bar graph

选择离子检测：selected ion monitoring ,SIM 直接进样：direct probe inlet ,DPI

接口：interface

气相色谱－质谱联用：gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS

高效液相色谱－质谱联用：high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry,HPLC-MS 电子轰击离子源：electron impact source,EI

离子峰：quasi-molecular ions

化学离子源：chemical ionization source,CI

场电离：field ionization,FI

场解析：field desorptiion,FD

快速原子轰击离子源：fast stom bombardment ,FAB

质量分析器：mass analyzer

磁质谱仪：magnetic-sector mass spectrometer

四极杆质谱仪（四极质谱仪）：quadrupole mass spectrometer

原子质量单位:amu

离子丰度：ion abundance

相对丰度(相对强度)：relative avundance

基峰：base peak

质量范围：mass range

分辨率：resolution

灵敏度：sensitivity

信噪比：S/N

分子离子：molecular ion

碎片离子：fragment ion

同位素离子：isotopic ion

亚稳离子：metastable ion

亚稳峰：metastable peak

母离子：paren ion

子离子：daughter

含奇数个电子的离子：odd electron

含偶数个电子的离子：even eletron,EE

均裂：homolytic cleavage

异裂（非均裂）：heterolytic cleavage

半均裂：hemi-homolysis cleavage

重排：rearragement

分子量：MW

α－裂解：α-cleavage

第十八章 色谱分析法概论

色谱法（层析法）：chromatography

固定相：stationary phase

流动相：mobile phase

超临界流体色谱法：SFC

高效毛细管电泳法：high performance capillary electroporesis,HPEC 气相色谱法：gas chromatography,GC

液相色谱法：liquid cromatography,LC

超临界流体色谱法：supercritical fluid chromatography,SFC 气-固色谱法：GSC

气-液色谱法：GLC

液-固色谱法：LSC

液-液色谱法：LLC

柱色谱法：column chromatography

填充柱：packed column

毛细管柱：capillary column

微填充柱：icrobore packed column

高效液相色谱法：high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC 平板色谱法：planar

平板色谱法：plane chromatography

纸色谱法：paper chromatography

薄层色谱法：thin layer chromatography,TLC

薄膜色谱法;thiin film chomatography

毛细管电泳法：capillary electrophoresis,CE

分配色谱法：partition chromatography

吸附色谱法：adsorpion chromaography

离子交换色谱法：ion exchange chromatography,IEC 空间排阻色谱法：steric exclusion chromatography,SEC 亲和色谱法：affinity chromatography

分配系数：distribution cofficient

狭义分配系数：partition coefficient

凝胶色谱法：gel chromatography

凝胶渗透色谱法：gel permeation chromatography,GPC 凝胶过滤色谱法：gel filtration chromatography,GFC 渗透系数：permeation coefficien;Kp

化学键合相色谱法：chemically bonded-phase chromatography 分配系数：distribution coefficient

靛菁绿：indocyanine

气相色谱－傅立叶变换红外光谱：GC-FTIR

第十九章 经典液相色谱法

薄层色谱法：TLC

吸附：adsorption

活化：activation

脱活性：deactivation

交联度：degree of cross linking

交换容量：exchange capacity

薄层板：thin layer plate

展开剂：developing solvent ,developer

临界胶束浓度：criticak micolle concentration ,CMC 相对比移值：relative Rf, Rr

分离度：resolution ,R

分离数：separation number,SN

煅石膏：Gypsum

羧甲基纤维素钠：CMC-Na

吸收光谱联用：TLC-UV

薄层色谱－荧光联用：TLC-F

薄层色谱－红外吸收光谱联用：TLC-IR

薄层色谱法：TLC-MS

纸色谱法：paper chromatography

上行展开：ascending development

下行法展开：descending development

双向展开：two dimensional develoooment

第二十章 气相色谱法

气相色谱法：gas chromatography

前延峰：leading peak

拖尾峰：tailing peak

对称因子：symmetry factor,fs

保留时间：retention time

保留体积：retention volume

死时间：dead time

调整保留时间：asjusted retention time

半峰宽：peak width at half height,W1/2 or Y1/2

峰宽：peak width,W

等温线：isotherm

理论塔板高度：height equivalent to atheoretical plate

化学键合相：chemically bonded phase

丁二酸二乙二醇聚酯：polydiethylene glycol succinate,PDEGS,DEGS 高分子多孔微球：GDX

苯乙烯：STY

乙基乙烯苯：EST

二乙烯苯：DVB

涂壁毛细管柱：wall coated open tubular column,WCOT

载体涂层毛细管柱：supprot coated open tubular column,SCOT 热导检测器：thermal conductivity detector,TCD

氢焰离子化检测器：hydrogen flame ionization detector,FID 电子捕获检测器：electron capture detector ,ECD

噪声：noise,N

漂移:drift,d

灵敏度：sensitivity

检测限(敏感度)：detectability,D,M

分离度：resolution

归一化法：normalization method

外标法：external standardization

第二十一章 高效液相色谱法

高效液相色谱法：high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC

高速液相色谱法：high speed LC,HSLC

高压液相色谱法：high pressure LC,HPLC

高分辨液相色谱法：high resolution LC,HRLC

液固吸附色谱法（液固色谱法）：liquid-solid adsorption chromatography,LSC 液液色谱法：liquid-liquid chromatography,LLC

正相：normal phase,NP

反相：reversed phase,RP

化学键合相色谱法：bonded phase chromatography,BPC

十八烷基：octadecylselyl,ODS

离子对色谱法：paired ion chromatography,PIC

反相离子对色谱法：RPIC

离子抑制色谱法：ion suppression chromatography,ISC

离子色谱法：ion chromatography,IC

手性色谱法：chiral chromatography,CC

环糊精色谱法：cyclodextrin chromatography,CDC

胶束色谱法：micellar chromatography,MC

亲和色谱法：affinity chromatography,AC

固定相：stationary phase

化学键合相：chemically bonde phase

封尾、封顶、遮盖：end capping

手性固定相：chiral stationary phase,CSP

恒组成溶剂洗脱：isocraic elution

梯度洗脱：gradient elution

紫外检测器：ultraviolet detector,UVD

荧光检测器：fluorophotomeric detector,FD

电化学检测器：ECD

示差折光检测器：RID

光电二极管检测器：photodiode array detector ,DAD

三维光谱－波谱图：3D-spectrochromatogram

蒸发光散射检测器：evaporative light scattering detector,ELSD

安培检测器：ampere detector,AD

高效毛细管电泳法：high performance capillary electrophoresis,HPCE 淌度：mobility

电泳：electrophoresis

电渗：electroosmosis

动力进样：hydrodynamic injection

电动进样：electrokinetic injection

毛细管区带电泳法：capillary zone electrophoresis,CZE

胶束电动毛细管色谱：micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography,MECC 毛细管凝胶电泳：capillary gel electrophoresis,CGE

筛分：sieving

绪论

释药系统（drug delivery system，DDS）

中国药典（Chinese Pharmacopoeia,ChP）

美国药典（The United States Pharmacopoeia,USP）

美国国家处方集（The National Formulary,NF）

英国药典（British Pharmacopoeia,BP）

欧洲药典（European Pharmacopoeia,Ph.Eup）

国际药典（The International Pharmacopoeia,Ph.Int）

良好药品实验研究规范（Good Laboratory Practice,GLP）

良好药品生产规范(Good Manufacture Practice,GMP)

良好药品供应规范(Good Supply Practice,GSP)

良好药品临床试验规范(Good Clinical Practice,GCP) 分析质量管理(Analytical Quality Control,AQC)

第1章 药物的鉴别试验

药物的鉴别试验identification test

一般鉴别试验general identification test

专属鉴别试验specific identification test

灵敏度sensitivity

最低检出量minimum detectable quantity

最低检出浓度minimum detectable concentration

第2章 药物的杂质检查

巯基醋酸mercaptoacetic acid

古蔡Gutzeit

二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸银siliver diethyldithio-carbamate 硫酸灰分sulphated ash

炽灼残渣residue on ignition

热重分析法thermogravimetric analysis,TGA

差示热分析法differential thermal analysis,DTA

差示扫描量热法differential scanning calorimetry,DSC 碱性酒石酸铜试验Fehling’s reagent

异红紫酸盐isopurpurate

2，3-二氨基萘2,3-diaminonaphthalene

4，5-苯并苯硒二唑4，5-benzopiazselenol

第三章 定量分析样品前处理与测定方法的效能指标 汞齐化法amalgamation method

氧瓶燃烧法oxygen flask combustion method 葡萄糖醛酸甙glucuronides

硫酸酯sulphates

血浆plasma

血清serum

全血whole blood

治疗药物浓度监测therapeutic drug monitoring,TDM

结合bound

游离free

缀合物conjugate

液-液提取法liquid-liquid extraction,LLE

离子对试剂ion pair reagent

离子对提取法ion pair extraction method

反离子counter

液-固提取法liquid-solid extraction LSE

半自动样品制备系统advanced automated sample processor,AASP 烷基化alkylations

酰基化acylations

硅烷化silylations

精密度precision

标准差standard deviation,SD orS

相对标准差relative standard deviation,RSD

变异系数coefficient of variation,CV

批内精密度within-run precision

日内精密度within-day precision

批间精密度between-run precision

日间精密度day to day precision

准确度accuracy

定量限limit of quantitation,LOQ

检测限limit of detection,LOD

选择性selectivity

专属性specificity

线性与范围linearity and range

重现性ruggedness

耐用性robustness

散布图scatter diagram

荧光偏振免疫测定法fluorescence polarization immunoassay，FPIA

第4章 巴比妥类药物的分析

溴化十六烷基三甲基苄铵cetyltrimethylbenzylammonium bromide，CTMA 氯化四癸基二甲基苄铵Tetradacyldimethybenzylammonium chloride，TDBA

第5章 芳酸及其酯类药物的分析

苯甲酸及其钠盐benzoic acid and sodium benzoate

布美他尼bumetanide

羟苯乙酯ethylparoben

丙磺舒probenecid

酚黄乙胺etamsylate

第6章 胺类药物的分析

第七章 杂环类药物的分析

二硝基氯苯反应Vongerichten反应

戊烯二醛反应K?nig反应

第8章 生物碱类药物的分析

生物碱alkaloids

阿片gum opium

扫尾剂tailing-suppressing reagent

蒂巴因thebaine

诺司卡品noscapine

竞争离子competing ions

亲脂性lipophicity

拖尾因子tailing factor

金刚烷adamantane

第9章 维生素类药物的分析

维生素vitamin

去氢维生素A dehydroretinol

去水维生素A anhydroretinol

鲸醇kitol

三氯化锑反应Carr-Price反应

维生素B1 thiamine hydrochloride；盐酸硫胺

2，3，5-三苯基氯化四氮唑 2，3，5-triphenyltetrazolium chlorid，TTC

红四氮唑red tetrazoline，RT

蓝四氮唑blue tetrazoline，BT

3，3’-二甲基氧苯基-双-4，4’-（3，5-二苯基）氯化四氮唑{3，3’-dianisole-bis[4，4’-（3，5-dipheny）tetrazolium chloride]}

有色甲 ……formazan

铁-酚试剂iron-phenol reagent

铁-柯柏试剂iron-Kober reagent

第十一章 抗生素类药物的分析

6-氨基青霉烷酸6-aminopenicillanic acid，6-APA

7-氨基头孢菌烷酸7-aminocephalosporanic acid，7-ACA

氨苄西林ampicillin

5-甲基-3-邻氯苯基-4-异……唑青霉素钠cloxacillin sodium

羟氨苄青霉素amoxicillin

氨基糖甙类抗生素aminoglycosides antibiotics

链霉素streptomycin

麦芽酚maltol

N-甲基葡萄糖胺反应Elson-Morgan反应

坂口反应 Sakaguchi反应

庆大霉素gentamycin

四环素类tetracyclines

4-差向脱水四环素 4-ejpianhydrotetracycline，EATC

第十二章 药物制剂分析

含量均匀度content uniformity

溶出度dissulution

离子对高效液相色谱法ion-pair，HPLC

第十三章 生化药物分析概论

第十四章 中药制剂分析概论

超临界流体萃取supercritical fluid extraction，SFE

过弗罗里Florisil

第十五章 药品质量标准的制定

国际非专利药名International Names for Pharmaceutical Substances，INN

去氧麻黄碱Metamfetaminum

国际理论和应用化学联合会International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry，IUPAC

有机化学命名原则Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry

可待因Codeinum

地塞米松Dexamethasonum

氯……Chloroquinum

青蒿素Artemisininum

吗啡Morphinum

苯扎溴铵Benzalkonii Bromidum

1-（3，4-二羟苯基）-2-氨基乙醇重酒石酸盐一水合物[1-（3，4-Dihydroxyphenyl）-2-Aminoethanol Bitartrate mono-hydrate]

第十六章 药品质量控制中的新方法与新技术

填充柱packed column

开管柱open tubular column

空心柱capillary column

熔融石英开管柱fused silica open tubular column，FSOT

高分辨率气相色谱法high resolution gas chromatography，HRGC

壁涂开管柱wall-coated open tubular column，WCOT柱

固定化相开管柱immobilized phase open tubular column ，IPOT柱

交联柱crosslinking column

键合相柱bonding phase column

不可提取相开管柱nonextractable phase open tubular column，NPOT柱

多孔层开管柱porous-layer open tubular column，PLOT柱

担体涂渍开管柱support-coated open tubular column，SCOT柱

分流进样split injection

不分流进样splitless injection

柱头进样on-column injection

直接进样direct injection

手性分离色谱chiral separation chromatography，CSC

普萘洛尔propranolol

沙粒度胺thalidomide

测定对映体enantiomer

手性固定化chiralstationary phase，CSP

手性衍生试剂chiral derivatization reagent，CDR

非对映异构体diastereoisomer，DSTM

配基交换型手性添加剂chiral ligand-exchange complexes，CLEC

手性离子对络合剂chiralion pair complex，CIPC

环糊精cyclodextrins，CD

葡聚糖sephadex

配基交换剂ligand exchanger

手性传荷charge transfer

（R）-N-3，5-二硝基苯甲酰苯基苷氨酸dimitrobenzyl phenylglycin；DNBPG

三点手性识别模式three-point chiral recognition model

噻吗洛尔thimolol

曲洛磷胺trofosfamide

乙酰葡萄糖异硫氰酸酯（2，3，4，6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosylisothiocyanate，GITC 左旋比喹酮L-praziquantel

比喹胺praziquanamine

苯丙胺phenylpropamine

异氰酸-α-萘酯（α-naphthylisocyanae，NI

美西律mexiletine

氯胺酮ketamine

本芴醇benflumelol

苯丙醇phenyl propanol

烯丙洛尔alprenolol

普萘洛尔propranolol

氧烯洛尔 oxyprenolol

麻黄碱ephedrine

毛细管电泳capillary electrophoresis，CE

毛细管区带电泳capillary zone electrophoresis，CZE

胶束动电毛细管色谱mcellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography，MECC

胶束动电色谱miccellar electrokinetic chromatography，MEKC

环糊精动电色谱cyclodextrins electrokinetic chromatography，CDEKC 离子交换动电色谱ion-exchange electrokinetic chromatography，IEEKC

微滴乳状液动电色谱microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography，MEEKC 毛细管凝胶电泳capillary gel electrophoresis，CGE

毛细管等电聚焦capillary isoelectric focusing，CIEF

毛细管等速电泳capillary isotachorphoresis，CITP

毛细管电色谱capillary electrochromatography ，CEC

色谱响应函数chromatographic response function，CRF

色谱优化函数chromatographic optimization function，COF

等级色谱响应函数hierarchical chromatographic response function，HCRF 差示分光光度法difference spectrophotometry

近红外光谱near infra-red spectrum，NIRS

中红外光谱mid infra-red spectrum，MIRS

合谱combinations

光谱匹配法spectral matching

匹配指数match index，M.I.

主成分分析法principal component regression，PCR

人工神经网络方法artificial neural networks，ANN

核磁共振nuclear magnetic resonance，NMR

二维NMR two dimensional NMR

六甲基三硅氧烷hexam ethylcyclotrisiloxane

吡嗪pyrazine

普鲁卡因procaine

色谱联用技术hyphenated techniques chromatography，HTC

接口interface

重建色谱图reconstructive chromatogram

命中质量系数hit quality index，HQI

最小二乘方程序least squares algothm

导数绝对值程序absolute derivative algothm

导数平方程序square derivative algothm

空心柱open tubular column，OTC

总离子流total ion carrent，TIC

选择性离子监测xelected ion monitoring，SIM 多离子检测multiple ion detection，MID 质量碎片图谱法mass fragmentography 冰片borneal

川芎嗪tetram ethyloyrazine，TMP

电子轰击离子化electron impact ionization，EI 化学离子化chemical ionization，CI

场解吸field desorption，EI

快原子轰击fast atom bombardment，FAB 热喷雾thermospray，TSP

电喷雾electrospray，ESP

大气压离子化atmospheric pressure ionization，API 粒子束接口partical beam

动态快原子轰击法FAB

离子喷雾接口ISP

电子喷雾法ESP

大气压离子化接口API

大气压化学电离APCI

串联质谱MS-MS

丽江山慈姑Iphigenia indica Kunth et Benth 托非索泮tofisopam

色谱字典\术语大全

中文 英文

色谱图 chromatogram

色谱峰 chromatographic peak

峰底 peak base

峰高 h，peak height

峰宽 W，peak width

半高峰宽 Wh/2，peak width at half height 峰面积 A，peak area

拖尾峰 tailing area

前伸峰 leading area

假峰 ghost peak

畸峰 distorted peak

反峰 negative peak

拐点 inflection point

原点 origin

斑点 spot

区带 zone

复班 multiple spot

区带脱尾 zone tailing

基线 base line

基线漂移 baseline drift

基线噪声 N，baseline noise

统计矩 moment

一阶原点矩 γ1，first origin moment

二阶中心矩 μ2，second central moment

三阶中心矩 μ3，third central moment

液相色谱法 liquid chromatography，LC

液液色谱法 liquid liquid chromatography，LLC

液固色谱法 liquid solid chromatography，LSC

正相液相色谱法 normal phase liquid chromatography

反相液相色谱法 reversed phase liquid chromatography，RPLC 柱液相色谱法 liquid column chromatography

高效液相色谱法 high performance liquid chromatography，HPLC 尺寸排除色谱法 size exclusion chromatography，SEC

凝胶过滤色谱法 gel filtration chromatography

凝胶渗透色谱法 gel permeation chromatography，GPC

亲和色谱法 affinity chromatography

离子交换色谱法 ion exchange chromatography，IEC

离子色谱法 ion chromatography

离子抑制色谱法 ion suppression chromatography

离子对色谱法 ion pair chromatography

疏水作用色谱法 hydrophobic interaction chromatography

制备液相色谱法 preparative liquid chromatography

平面色谱法 planar chromatography

纸色谱法 paper chromatography

薄层色谱法 thin layer chromatography，TLC

高效薄层色谱法 high performance thin layer chromatography，HPTLC 浸渍薄层色谱法 impregnated thin layer chromatography

凝胶薄层色谱法 gel thin layer chromatography

离子交换薄层色谱法 ion exchange thin layer chromatography 制备薄层色谱法 preparative thin layer chromatography

薄层棒色谱法 thin layer rod chromatography

液相色谱仪 liquid chromatograph

制备液相色谱仪 preparative liquid chromatograph 凝胶渗透色谱仪 gel permeation chromatograph 涂布器 spreader

点样器 sample applicator

色谱柱 chromatographic column

棒状色谱柱 monolith column monolith column 微粒柱 microparticle column

填充毛细管柱 packed capillary column

空心柱 open tubular column

微径柱 microbore column

混合柱 mixed column

组合柱 coupled column

预柱 precolumn

保护柱 guard column

预饱和柱 presaturation column

浓缩柱 concentrating column

抑制柱 suppression column

薄层板 thin layer plate

浓缩区薄层板 concentrating thin layer plate

荧光薄层板 fluorescence thin layer plate

反相薄层板 reversed phase thin layer plate

梯度薄层板 gradient thin layer plate

烧结板 sintered plate

展开室 development chamber

往复泵 reciprocating pump

注射泵 syringe pump

气动泵 pneumatic pump

蠕动泵 peristaltic pump

检测器 detector

微分检测器 differential detector

积分检测器 integral detector

总体性能检测器 bulk property detector

溶质性能检测器 solute property detector

(示差)折光率检测器 [differential] refractive index detector 荧光检测器 fluorescence detector

紫外可见光检测器 ultraviolet visible detector

电化学检测器 electrochemical detector

蒸发(激光)光散射检测器 [laser] light scattering detector 光密度计 densitometer

薄层扫描仪 thin layer scanner

柱后反应器 post-column reactor

体积标记器 volume marker

记录器 recorder

积分仪 integrator

馏分收集器 fraction collector

工作站 work station

固定相 stationary phase

固定液 stationary liquid

载体 support

柱填充剂 column packing

化学键合相填充剂 chemically bonded phase packing 薄壳型填充剂 pellicular packing

多孔型填充剂 porous packing

吸附剂 adsorbent

离子交换剂 ion exchanger

基体 matrix

载板 support plate

粘合剂 binder

流动相 mobile phase

洗脱(淋洗)剂 eluant，eluent

展开剂 developer

等水容剂 isohydric solvent

改性剂 modifier

显色剂 color [developing] agent

死时间 t0，dead time

保留时间 tR，retention time

调整保留时间 tR，adjusted retention time

死体积 V0，dead volume

保留体积 vR，retention volume

调整保留体积 vR，adjusted retention volume

柱外体积 Vext，extra-column volune

粒间体积 V0，interstitial volume

(多孔填充剂的)孔体积 VP，pore volume of porous packing 液相总体积 Vtol，total liquid volume

洗脱体积 ve，elution volume

流体力学体积 vh，hydrodynamic volume

相对保留值 ri.s，relative retention value

分离因子 α，separation factor

流动相迁移距离 dm，mobile phase migration distance 流动相前沿 mobile phase front

溶质迁移距离 ds，solute migration distance

比移值 Rf，Rf value

高比移值 hRf，high Rf value

相对比移值 Ri.s，relative Rf value

保留常数值 Rm，Rm value

板效能 plate efficiency

折合板高 hr，reduced plate height

分离度 R，resolution

液相载荷量 liquid phase loading

离子交换容量 ion exchange capacity

负载容量 loading capacity

渗透极限 permeability limit

排除极限 Vh，max，exclusion limit

拖尾因子 T，tailing factor

柱外效应 extra-column effect

管壁效应 wall effect

间隔臂效应 spacer arm effect

边缘效应 edge effect

斑点定位法 localization of spot

放射自显影法 autoradiography

原位定量 in situ quantitation

生物自显影法 bioautography

归一法 normalization method

内标法 internal standard method

外标法 external standard method

叠加法 addition method

普适校准(曲线、函数) calibration function or curve [function]

谱带扩展(加宽) band broadening

(分离作用的)校准函数或校准曲线 universal calibration function or curve [of separation] 加宽校正 broadening correction

加宽校正因子 broadening correction factor

溶剂强度参数 ε0，solvent strength parameter

洗脱序列 eluotropic series

洗脱(淋洗) elution

等度洗脱 gradient elution

梯度洗脱 gradient elution

(再)循环洗脱 recycling elution

线性溶剂强度洗脱 linear solvent strength gradient

程序溶剂 programmed solvent

程序压力 programmed pressure

程序流速 programmed flow

展开 development

上行展开 ascending development

下行展开 descending development

双向展开 two dimensional development

环形展开 circular development

离心展开 centrifugal development

向心展开 centripetal development

径向展开 radial development

多次展开 multiple development

分步展开 stepwise development

连续展开 continuous development 梯度展开 gradient development 匀浆填充 slurry packing 停流进样 stop-flow injection 阀进样 valve injection

柱上富集 on-column enrichment 流出液 eluate

柱上检测 on-column detection 柱寿命 column life

柱流失 column bleeding 显谱 visualization

活化 activation

反冲 back flushing

脱气 degassing

沟流 channeling

过载 overloading