新托福阅读中的总结题（一）

总结题主要目的：

考查学生理解和识别主要内容和文中所提及重要的信息。

这类考题的特点：

有六个选项，你可以从中选出三个最能表达主要思想的句子。这类考题分值是2分，选出三个得2分，选出2 个得1分，顺序选择不影响得分。

Direction:

An introductory sentence or a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the three answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points

解决这类考题的方法：

一、清楚文章的论证类型

总分型一般容易出这类考题。我以中文为例，丽丽老师是一个非常好的人。首先，她很乐于助人例如一次我看见她扶一个盲人过马路，其次丽丽老师很慷慨，有一次我看见她为希望工程捐了她当时兜里的全部钱（50元），第三丽丽很谦虚和平易近人。 这样的文章特别容易出总结题

Lily is a nice person

◆ 1

◆ 3

◆ 5

1、 丽丽乐于助人

2、 丽丽扶一个盲人过马路

3、 丽丽老师很慷慨，

4、 老余捐了100元

5、 丽丽很谦虚和平易近人

6、 丽丽经常打架

正确答案应该是 1、3、5

二、解决方法：

一）主体词排除错误选项法

首先抓住要总结的关键词也就是主体词，就是要问哪方向的内容，如上个例子，主体题丽丽一定会在正确答案中出现，不然问的是丽丽可以答案谈论的是别人，就变得完全不相关了，根据这个特点我们可以排除 4老余捐了100元

如OG上的一道总结题可以直接使用主体词排除错误选项的方法

The technology of modern cinema evolved at the end of the nineteenth century.

◆ 3

◆ 5

◆ 6

1、 Kinetoscope parlors or viewing films were modeled on phonograph parlors

2、 Thomas Edison’s design of the Kinetoscope inspired the development of large screen projection.

3、 Early cinema allowed individuals to use special machines to view films privately.

4、 Slides-and-lantern shows had been presented.

5、 The development of projection technology made it possible to project images on a large screen

6、 once films images could be projected, the cinema became a form of mass consumption

其中只有三个选项有本问题的关键词，本问题的关键词是 the technology of cinema.

二）细节信息排除法

总结题是对对文章的高度概括所以细节的出现犯了以偏概全的错误，如中文例子中的2、丽丽扶一个盲人过马路。 这是一个具体的事实细节，我们要绕过例子看总结。所以在排除它。

如OG中的一道题目

This passage discusses fossils that help to explain the likely origins of cetaceans-whales, porpoises and dolphins

◆ 1

◆ 2

◆ 5

Answer choices

1、 Recent discoveries of fossils have helped to show he link between land mammals and cetaceans(这是本文的主题)

2、The discovery of Ambulocetus natans provided evidence for a whale that lived both on land and at sea.(总结性信息)

3、The skeleton of Basilosaurus are found in what had been the Tehys Sea, an area rich in fossil evidence. (绝对的事实细节)-排除

4 、Pakicetus is the oldest fossil whale yet to be found((绝对的事实细节)-排除

5、Fossils thought to be transitional forms between walking mammals and swimming whales were found..(主题)

6、Ambulocetus’hind legs were used for propulsion in the water. ((绝对的事实细节)-排除

三）新信息出现排除

如6、丽丽经常打架，原文没有出现，所以正确答案中一定没有。

 

第二篇：新托福阅读核心词汇分类总结 (2)

新托福阅读核心词汇分类总结

思考类动词总结

Think/assume/conceive/conclude/expect/

determine/hold/judge/presume/reckon/see/

sense/suppose/comprehend/consider/deduce

infer/deliberate/evaluate/examine/meditate/

mull/mull over/muse/ponder/rationalize/

reason/reflect/resolve/ruminate/speculate/

study/turn over/weigh/contemplate/convey

思考类名词总结(观点/概念/理论)

Notion/idea/view/concept/perception

perspective/observation/examination

witness/judgment/approach/hypothesis

impression/supposition/theory/thought

apprehension/comprehension/realization

consideration/interpretation/understanding

speculation/version/picture/inclination/ideology 支持类单词总结

Support/maintain/insist/hold/uphold/agree/

accede/admit/consent/assent/verify/revel in/ glory in/believe in/dictate/celebrate/value

反对类单词总结

Contradict/decline/disagree/dispute/dissent/ oppose/protest/refuse/abandon/neglect/

disapprove/condemn

核心的；主要的；基本的；内在的

essential/chief/crucial/core

fundamental/main/key/inborn

principal/elementary/primary

indispensable/central/vital

underlying/inherent/intrinsic/inborn

重要的；显著的

important/valuable/substantial/big/considerable/

critical/crucial/decisive/earnest/exceptional/marked

meaningful/momentous/paramount/salient/significant/weighty

eminent/influential/outstanding/distinctive/esteemed/grand honored/illustrious/leading/majestic/notable/powerful prominent/remarkable/solid/superior/conspicuous 限制/阻挠

limit/confine/compress/decrease/lessen

narrow/bar/bind/cap/check/constraint/curb

impede/inhibit/obstruct/restrict/cramp

diminish/block/choke/frustrate/hamper

hinder/retard/stall/throttle/thwart

退步

decline/halt/repress/recession/cease/fall 减少

decrease/abate/curb/curtail/drop/ebb

evaporate/fade/lower/reduce/restrain/shrink slacken/slump/subside/wane/diminish/subtract 增加/发展

increase/develop/enlarge/expand/grow/raise advance/aggrandize/amplify/augment/boost/ broaden/enhance/enlarge/escalate/extend

further/heighten/inflate/magnify/mount

progress/proliferate/spread/swell/widen

发展/进步/加强/丰富/增加

develop/advance/evolve/expand/flourish

foster/grow/maturate/mature/promote/ripen thrive/amplify/augment/broaden/cultivate deepen/enlarge/enrich/extend/intensify

magnify/perfect/refine/spread/strengthen enhance/stretch/widen/hike/aid/assist/

boost/boom/blossom/expedi(a)te

开始/产生

begin/start/commence/originate/initiate

generate/form/unfold/arise/create/kindle ignite

消灭/消失/消散

extinguish/abolish/annihilate/crush/destroy eliminate/eradicate/erase/extirpate/obliterate quell/remove/stamp out/suppress/repress

quench/smother/stifle/suffocate/trample

disappear/depart/disperse/dissipate/dissolve ebb/end/evaporate/expire/fade/fade away/flee recede/retire/retreat/sink/wane/withdraw 废除/取消/抵消/使无效

abolish/eliminate/annul/nullify/annihilate cancel/dissolve/invalidate/negate/neutralize obliterate/revoke/retract/delete/erase/efface counteract/offset/act against

改变

change/alter/vary/modify

adapt/adjust/convert/evolve/diverge/lower diversify/diminish/fluctuate/merge/reform reduce/regenerate/remake/renovate/resolve

revolutionize/shape/shift/substitute/temper transform/turn/vacillate/revise/customize 不改变

continue/hold/keep/persist/remain/stay/sustain maintain/retain/reserve/preserve/conserve/fix 保__

留 preserve

守 conserve

存 reserve

持 keep/retain/maintain/sustain

uphold/perpetuate/persevere

persist

怀疑(的)

suspicous/doubtable/dubious/rule out

with hold/skeptical

确认/验证/证明/论证

corroborate/approve/authenticate/certify confirm/endorse/justify/prove/ratify

substantiate/support/validate/verify

affirm/ascertain/attest/determine/manifest settle/tesify/uphold/warrant

处理/管理/命令/控制/支配

cope with/handle/administer/demand/command/conduct dominate/employ/exercise/govern/manipulate supervise/utilize/wield/dispose (of)/array 大量的

copious/ample/bountiful/extensive/full/generous lavish/liberal/lush/overflowing/plentiful/profuse prolix/replete/rich/abundant/capacious/substantial sufficient

少的/缺乏的

lacking/meager/scarce/insufficient

转折词

副词：alternatively/conversely/nevertheless however/instead/still

连词：but/while/whereas/and/nevertheless 介词：despite/in spite of