课题题目（小二宋体加粗）

学 生：（五号宋体）

指导教师：（五号宋体）

（三峡大学 科技学院）（五号宋体）

一.课题来源（三号黑体）

课题来源可从以下三方面写：

1、从课题的背景：如选自某设计工程。

2、课题实际意义：如某课题的研究的实际意义。

3、创新性：如有实际的经济和实用价值。

100至200字左右

二. 研究目的和意义（三号黑体）

1．背景：

2．目的：

3．意义：

三.阅读的资料以及文献

1、阅读文献

15篇以上，要求有资料出处、作者、出版社、发表时间。

2、国内外现状和发展趋势

四.研究的主要内容及途径

1、主要设计内容

2、设计过程（基本思路）

五、工作的主要阶段、进度，

参照任务书写

六、最终目标及完成时间

写最终完成的时间和要提交的成果

七、现有条件及必要措施

资料准备情况、课题主要内容了解情况、难点重点及基本设计思路等。

八、协助单位及鸣谢

 

第二篇：英语开题报告的标准格式

Research Proposal

The Teaching of Culture in the English Language Education

By Li Haohao

 

I. Introduction

In teaching English as a foreign language, the importance of teaching culture has been widely recognized. However how to teach culture in foreign language education is a problem faced by language educators all over the world. In the present thesis concerning linguistic theories and various ways of teaching foreign culture in the English classroom will be surveyed and studied in the light of Chinese situation. The present thesis stresses that culture teaching is very essential in the English language education. The teaching of language and the teaching of culture are of the same importance in the English classroom.

Language and culture are closely related. In foreign language education, the definition of culture teaching should include all the human achievements of civilization and the ways of life and the different habits of people. Culture differences are reflected in languages and communicative activities. Furthermore it makes great difference in communication whether learners can understand or know the cultural differences, cultural rules, and even the cultural taboos.

However, in traditional approaches to language teaching, the aims of a language teaching course are very often defined with reference to the four " language skills ": understanding speech, speaking, reading and writing. Culture teaching is not taken so important a teaching target as the above mentioned language skills. Because of the lack of cultural knowledge, students often make cultural mistakes when they communicate with native speakers.

From years of my experience in teaching English, I gradually realize the importance of culture teaching to Chinese students. English teaching should be aimed at developing students’ communicative competence so that they would be able to react freely and proper with native speakers of English in various social situations. Language should be taught in culture. The two are of the same importance.

II. Outline

2.1  The Background Theories

　　In this part I will describe the theories of communicative competence by D. Hymes and M, A. K. Halliday, which have led to a change of focus in English teaching. The theories show us the importance of culture teaching and that language and culture are intertwined, that it is not possible to teach a foreign language without teaching its culture.

2.2 The Relationship Between Language and Culture

　　I will discuss the relationship between language and culture in this part. What is culture? What is language? Is there diversity among cultures? How do language and culture interact?

2.3 Cultural Goals

In this part, I will discuss the cultural goals for Chinese students. Some advantage will possibly be shown in this study.

2.4 Teaching Culture in the English Classroom

In this part, I will discuss the content and methods of teaching culture in the English classroom.

2.5 Conclusion

　　From the above research we can naturally come to the conclusion that only by applying mehods enhancing transcultural communications and conducting research into English teaching methodology can we greatly stimulate the reform and development of English teaching.

 

References

[1]    Baugh, John and Joel Sherzer. Language in Use [M]. New Jersey: Prentice -Hall, Inc., 1984

[2]    Deng, Yanchang and Liu Runqing, Language and Culture [M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Education and Research Press, 1989

[3]    Ervin - Tripp, Susan M. Language Acquisition and Communicative Choice [M].  Standford: Standford University Press, 1973

[4]    Halliday, M. A. K. Learning How to Mean [M].. New York: Elsevier, 1977

[5]    Hu Zhuanglin Liu Runqing and Li Yanfu. Linguistics: A Course Book [M]. Beijing: Beijing University Press, 1988

[6]    Hu, WenZhong. Culture and Literature [J]. Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 1994(1)

[7]    Hudson, R. A. Sociolinguistics [M]. London: Cambridge University Press. 1997

[8]    Katan, David. Translating Cultures [M]. Manchester: St Jerome Publishing, 1999

[9]          Qin, Xiubai. EFL Learning and Culture Acquisition [A]. Intercultural Communication, Shanghai: Shanghai Translating Press, 1988

[10]      Stern, H, H, Issues and Options in Language Teaching [M]. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992

[11]      Wu, Bing. Chinese Teachers’Role in the Teaching of American Literature [J]. Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 1994 (4)

[12]      Yalden, Janice. Principles of Course Design for Language Teaching [M]. Shanghai: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2000

[13]      Yule, George. The Study of Language [M]. Shanghai: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2000

[14]      Zhu, Weifeng. A Survey on Cultural Differences [J]. Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 1997(5)

[15]      胡文仲.《跨文化交际学根本论》. 北京: 外语教学与研究出版社, 1999

[16]      谭丽. 论我国小学英语文化教学 [D]. 山东师范大学, 2004

参考文献代码与格式

参考文献著录中的文献类别代码:

普通图书：M，  会议录：C，  汇编：G，  报纸：N，    期刊：J，   学位论文：D，

报告：R，  标准：S，  专利：P，  数据库：DB，  计算机程序：CP， 电子公告：EB。

A.期刊

[序号]主要责任者.文献题名[J].刊名,出版年份,卷号(期号):起止页码.

[1]袁庆龙,候文义.Ni-P合金镀层组织形貌及显微硬度研究[Ｊ].太原理工大学学报, 2001,32(1):51-53.B.

B.专著

[序号]主要责任者.文献题名[Ｍ].出版地：出版者,出版年:页码.

[2]刘国钧,郑如斯.中国书的故事[Ｍ].北京：中国青年出版社,1979:115.

C.会议论文集

[序号]析出责任者.析出题名[A].见(英文用In):主编.论文集名[C].(供选择项：会议名,会址,开会年)出版地：出版者,出版年：起止页码.

[3]孙品一.高校学报编辑工作现代化特征[A].见:中国高等学校自然科学学报研究会.科技编辑学论文集(2)[C].北京：北京师范大学出版社，1998:10-22.

D.专著中析出的文献

[序号]析出责任者.析出题名[A]．见(英文用In):专著责任者.书名[M].出版地：出版者,出版年：起止页码.

[4]罗云.安全科学理论体系的发展及趋势探讨[A].见:白春华,何学秋,吴宗之.21世纪安全科学与技术的发展趋势[M].北京:科学出版社,2000:1-5.

E.学位论文

[序号]主要责任者.文献题名[Ｄ].保存地:保存单位,年份.

[5]张和生.地质力学系统理论[Ｄ].太原:太原理工大学,1998.

F.报告

[序号]主要责任者.文献题名[Ｒ].报告地:报告会主办单位,年份.

[6]冯西桥.核反应堆压力容器的LBB分析[Ｒ].北京:清华大学核能技术设计研究院,1997.

G.专利文献

[序号]专利所有者.专利题名[P].专利国别:专利号,发布日期.

[5]姜锡洲.一种温热外敷药制备方案[Ｐ].中国专利:881056078,1983-08-12.

H.国际、国家标准

[序号]标准代号.标准名称[S].出版地:出版者,出版年.

[1]GB/T 16159—1996.汉语拼音正词法基本规则[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1996.

I.报纸文章

[序号]主要责任者.文献题名[Ｎ].报纸名,出版年,月(日):版次.

[5]谢希德.创造学习的思路[Ｎ].人民日报,1998,12(25):10.

J.电子文献

[序号]主要责任者.电子文献题名[文献类型/载体类型].:电子文献的出版或可获得地址(电子文献地址用文字表述),发表或更新日期/引用日期(任选) .

[21]姚伯元.毕业设计(论文)规范化管理与培养学生综合素质[EB/OL].:中国高等教育网教学研究,20##-2-2.