第一章

物理化学的定义，相变化（物质在熔点沸点间的转化）

物理化学的基本组成：1化学热力学（方向限度）2化学动力学（速率与机理）3结构化学

物理化学的研究方法、热力学方法、动力学方法、量子力学方法

系统、环境的定义。系统的分类：开放系统，封闭系统，隔离系统

系统的性质：强度性（不可加），广延性（可加）。系统的状态

状态函数及其性质：1单值函数2仅取决于始末态3全微分性质。

热力学能、热和功的定义  热分：潜热，显热。功分：膨胀功、非膨胀功。

热力学第一定律的两类表述：1第一类永动机不可制成。2封闭体系：能量可从一种形式转变为另一种形式，但转变过程中能量保持不变。、

恒容热、恒压热，焓的定义。

恒容热：①封闭系统② W_f=0 ③W_e=0  恒压热：①封闭系统②W_f=0 ③d_p=0

理想气体的热力学能和焓是温度的函数。

C,  C_V,  C_V,m， C_P,  C_P,m 的定义。

△u =n C_V,m (T₂-T₁)  △H=n C_P,m(T₂-T₁)   C_V,m=a+bT+cT²+…/ a+bT^-1+cT^-2+…

单原子分子C_V,m=R   C_P,m=R   双原子分子C_V,m=R   C_P,m=R

_单=   _双=   C_P,m- C_V,m=R       R=8.3145J·mol^-1·k^-1

可逆过程定义及特点：①阻力与动力相差很小量②完成一个循环无任何功和热交换③膨胀过程系统对环境做最大功，压缩过程环境对系统做最小功

可逆过程完成一个循环  △u=0        

W、 Q、△u、△H的计算

①等容过程：W=0  Q=△u   △u=n C_V,m(T₂-T₁)      △H=n C_P,m(T₂-T₁)

②等压过程：W=-Pe(V₂-V₁)   Q=△H    △u=n C_V,m(T₂-T₁)      △H=n C_P,m(T₂-T₁)

③等温过程：W=-nRTln   Q=－W    △u=△H=0

④绝热可逆过程：W=n C_V,m(T₂-T₁) /     Q=0    △u=n C_V,m(T₂-T₁)     

△H=n C_P,m(T₂-T₁)     =()   =()   =()

相变化过程中△H及△u的计算△u=△H-P△V=△H-nRT  见书1-10

化学计量系数   化学反应进度=（必与指定的化学反应方程对应）

化学反应热效应定义，

盖斯定律：一个化学反应，不管是一步完成或是经数步完成，反应的总标准摩尔焓变是相同的，即盖斯定律。

标准摩尔反应焓变：=（B， T）

化学反应的计算：1   =（B， T） ：在温度为T，由参考状态的单质生成B（=1）时的标准摩尔焓变   2   =-（B， T）

：在温度为T，B（=-1）完全氧化成相同温度下指定产物时标准摩尔焓变

由标准摩尔燃烧焓变计算某物质

基希霍夫公式：=+

用于计算任意温度T时的

注意：  C_P,m温度适用范围，反应各物质无相变化，当有时分段进行。

积分溶解热、微分溶解热、积分稀释热、微分稀释热的定义。

热力学第二定律的两种表述：1（克劳休斯）不可能把热由低温物体转移到高温物体而不留下其他变化。2（开尔文）不可能从单一热源取热使之全部转换为功而不留下其他变化（第二类永动机不可制成）

第一类永动机：不消耗任何能量做功。第二类永动机：从单一热源取热使之全部转换为功

自发过程（单向性，不可逆性）的定义，热力学第二定律研究的是自发过程的方向和限度。

卡诺循环的基本组成…

因为BC、DA为绝热过程TV=常数 可推得：=   =-nRln(T₁-T₂)     =-W=nRT₁ ln

可逆热机效率：=   即：

卡诺定理：所有工作在两个一定温度之间的热机，以可逆热机的效率最大。

推广        0

熵的定义：dS=    熵是状态函数只与始态与末态有关

热力学第二定律的数学表达式：dS

熵作为判据使用的例子：1孤立系统    dS0  熵增加原理：在一个隔离系统中熵永远不会减少）  2封闭系统的绝热过程   dS0    用于判断过程的方向和限度

对于非孤立系统判其是否可逆_孤=_系+_环0

熵变的计算：⑴1恒温可逆过程：=nRln         =nRln

2恒容可逆过程：=n C_V,mln     3恒压可逆过程：=n C_P,mln

⑵P、V、T都变= nRln+ n C_P,mln    = nRln+ n C_V,mln

⑶相变过程熵变的计算  =

同一物质在一定T,P下气，液，固三态熵的量值   S_m(s)< S_m(l)< S_m(g)

熵的统计意义：熵是系统混乱度（无序度）的量度。

宏观:S=Kln           

⑷化学反应的熵变：

⑸气体混合过程熵变的计算：

1等温混合  =2非等温混合：=

三个判据：熵，吉布斯自由能，亥姆霍茨自由能。判断过程的方向和限度。

1    dS0：隔离系统、封闭系统绝热。2：0（dT=0,dP=0,W^/=0） G=u+pv-TS

3  0(dT=0,dV=0,W^/=0)       A=u-TS

G₁-G₂-W^/(对外做非膨胀功能力)：一个封闭系统等温等压条件下，过程的吉布斯自由能减少量大于（不可逆）或等于对外所做的非膨胀功。

A1-A2-（W+W^/）（系统对外做最大功的能力）：一个封闭系统等温条件下，过程的亥姆霍茨自由能减少量大于（不可逆）或等于对外所做的功。

计算：⑴简单过程：等温过程    =-nRTln  等熵过程：=△u-S△T

                                                         凝聚体系    =0

⑵相变过程（dT=0 dP=0 W¹=0）①可逆相变（在熔沸点相变）

                                                         非凝聚体系  =-nRT

                          ②不可逆相变（不在熔沸点相变）：=△u-T△S  △u=△H-nRT

计算：⑴简单过程：等温过程    △G=-nRTln  等熵过程：△G=△H-S△T

⑵相变过程： 可逆相变   △G=0            

            不可逆相变  △G=△H-T△S          △S= 

三个定义式：Hu+PV     GH-TS         Au-TS

四个基本关系式：du=TdS-PdV         dH=TdS+VdP

                dG=-SdT+VdP       dA=-SdT-PdV           

四个基本关系式的应用条件：1封闭系统，2=0  

3单组分纯物质  4无相变

：用于求任何1mol气体在压强为P时的G

麦克斯韦关系式：

①du=TdS-PdV        ② dH=TdS+VdP      

③dG=-SdT+VdP      ④dA=-SdT-PdV       

其他关系时：分别令①、②、③、④式dS=0,dV=0;dS=0,dP=0;dT=0,dP=0;dT=0,dV=0

可得到              

                      

偏摩尔量：

多组分封闭系统定义   混合物：结构相似，性质相近的组分

溶液：结构不相似，性质不相近的组分；分为溶质，溶剂。

摩尔浓度：  质量摩尔浓度   m_A：溶剂的质量

摩尔分数:

引入偏摩尔量:任一组分形成多组分系统时(混合物或溶液),1mol物质提供的热力学性质和纯物质提供的热力学性质不同。

偏摩尔量定义：       广度性质Y：V、u、H、S、G、A

偏摩尔量的含义：在等温等压的条件下，其他组分的物质的量不变，1mol物质变化时引起的热力学量的变化。

偏摩尔量的特点：

①  恒温恒压 ②  纯物质的偏摩尔量即摩尔量 ③强度性质  ④

偏摩尔量的加和公式：

吉布斯－杜亥姆公式：      意义：表示混合物或溶液中不同组分同一片摩尔量间的关系；如果一个组分的偏摩尔量增大，则另一个组分的偏摩尔量必然减小。

化学式的定义：u_B=  偏摩尔吉布斯自由能就是化学势

广义化学势：    

多组分系统：G、A、u、H微分式：

dG=-SdT+VdP+  u_B=

dA=-SdT-PdV + 

du=TdS-PdV +  

dH=TdS+VdP+  

化学势是相平衡和化学平衡的判据。

①相平衡的判据： （dT=0,dP=0,W^/=0）（当）      

即在相变过程中自发变化的方向总是从化学势较高的方向流向化学势较低的一侧，直至化学势相同而达到平衡。

多相平衡的条件：

②化学平衡的判据：（dT=0,dP=0,W^/=0）                

即在化学变化过程中自发变化的方向总是从化学势较高的一方到化学势较低的一方进行，直至反应物与生成物的化学势相等达平衡为止。

理想气体的化学势：

⑴纯理想气体：       

⑵理想混合气体任一组分：    

第二章

克拉珀龙方程：      应用于相变化过程压强与温度关系

⑴非凝聚态系统：封闭系统，单组分纯物质相变，（    ）

   即克—克方程，其积分式①（定积分）：用于纯物质相变过程饱和蒸气压与其温度的关系

②（不定积分）

⑵凝聚态系统： 则有P₂-P₁=

饱和蒸气压：在一定温度下，与同种物质的液态处于平衡状态的蒸气所产生的压强。

拉乌尔定律：在一定温度下，平衡时稀溶液中溶剂在其气相时饱和蒸汽压P_A等于同一温度下该纯溶剂饱和蒸气压与该溶剂的摩尔分数的乘积。

亨利定律：在一等温度下，微溶气体B在溶剂A中的摩尔分数X_B与该气体在气相时的平衡分压P_B成正比。

稀溶液任一组分的化学势：

①溶剂的化学势：  

溶剂的标准化学势：

②溶质的化学势：    ［％］）

溶质的标准化学势：

稀溶液的蒸气压下降：

稀溶液的沸点上升：    k_b（沸点上升常数）=

稀溶液的凝固点下降：                k_f(凝固点下降常数) =

稀溶液的渗透压：                         

稀溶液的依数性：稀溶液中溶剂的蒸气压下降，沸点上升，凝固点下

降，渗透压等的量值均与稀溶液中溶质的数量有关而与溶质种类无关，

这就是稀溶液的依数性。

分配定律：

                  

           

                 所以=k

理想液态混合物：在一定温度下，液态混合物中任一组分B在全部组成范围内（x_B：０   1）

都遵守拉乌尔定律：

理想液态混合物特点：①②总压：③分压定律：（y_A、y_B表示A、B气相组成）则有        

理想液态混合物的微观模型：①②

理想液态混合物的化学势：

理想液态混合物的热力学性质的特点：

①②

③

④  

例：300K时有5mol邻二甲苯与5mol间二甲苯形成理想液态混合物，求

解：=0；

=-17290J

=57.63J/K

非理想液态混合物：由于组成混合物的各组分的性质差异较大，其中任意组分在整个浓度范围内对拉乌尔定律产生偏差。

①正偏差：

②负偏差：

理想液态混合物二元组分组成蒸气压图：

                     

①

     ②

③

非理想液态混合物：

非理想液态混合物化学势：

a _B:活度即有效浓度， ：活度系数

=                              a_B=

真实溶液对溶质：

=          a^/_B=

标准态：定义a_B=1时的状态叫该物质的标准态。

⑴符合拉乌尔定律，纯物质⑵符合亨利定律，纯物质。

 

第二篇：!大学英语考试四级词汇笔记真题总结---词语大辨析

◣词语大辨析◥-§①

abandon，desert，forsake，quit都含有一定的"放弃"之意

abandon 指完全、永远地放弃,尤指对之负有责任或义务者,放弃一个项目或计划

desert 强调故意违背自己的义务、责任或誓言等(擅离职守)

forsake 指遗弃以前所爱的人或事物,着重于断绝情感上的依恋 eg.forsake one's wife and children遗弃妻儿;forsake bad habits摈弃坏习惯

quit 指突然或出其不意地放弃,现一般指"停止" eg.quit work停止工作

exercises(choose the best answer & translate every sentences):

1.His presence of mind never __ him.

A.deserted B.left C.lost D.quit

2.Despite some difficulties,they're not going to __ the plan.

A.abandon B.desert C.forsake D.quit

3.__ it out!

A.Forsake B.Quit C.Give up D.Desert

4.Arnold Schwarzenegger has __ the theater for politics. A.deserted B.forsook C.quit D.exchanged

1.His presence of mind never him.他从不失去镇静.

2.Despite some difficulties,they're not going to the plan. 尽管他们遇到了一些困难,但并不打算放弃这个计划.

3.住嘴./住手.

4.Arnold Schwarzenegger has the theater for politics.阿诺德?施瓦辛格弃艺从政了

◣词语大辨析◥-§②

accessory，decoration，ornament 都含有一定的"装饰品"之意

accessory [常作pl.]指(女性的)装饰品,(手提包,些,手套,帽子,项链,耳环等)

decoration 指为了装饰某物所使用的艳丽好看的装饰品

ornament 指一般装饰品(ornament在作动词时常可和decorate互换)

1.The hall is ___ with flowers and flags.

A.full B.filled C.garnished D.decorated

2.The Christmas tree was decorated with shinning ___ such as colored lights and glass balls.

A.ornaments B.luxuries C.exhibits D.complements

3.She wore a green wool suit with matching ___.

A.decorations B.ornaments C.accessories D.appendix

4.Can you help me to ___ a fish with slices of lemon. A.add B.garnish C.decorate D.ornament

1.The hall is 大厅里装饰着鲜花和旗帜.(此句也能用ornament替换.)

2.The Christmas tree was decorated with shinning such as colored lights and glass balls.圣诞树被一些闪亮的装饰物点缀着,如彩灯和玻璃球.

3.She wore a green wool suit with matching .她穿了一件绿色的羊毛套装,佩戴着得体的首饰.

4.Can you help me to 你能帮我在鱼上加配柠檬片吗?(garnish多用于对烹饪、菜式的装饰,如加调味料,加配材料等)

◣词语大辨析◥-§③:

accomplish，complete，end，finish 都含有"完成"之意

accomplish 指成功地完成预期的计划或达到预期的目的或成果

英语四六级词语大辨析 Page 1 of 23

complete 指完成一件指派或预定的任务，或完善、完整未完成的部分

end 指一个动作或一件事情的结束或终止

finish 指把一件事或一个动作做完，强调事情的了结、终止

1.We tried to settle the arguement but ___ nothing.

A.accomplised B.completed C.ended D.finished

2.The term will ___ early in July.

A.accomplish B.complete C.end D.finish

3.The building was ___ in 1962..

A.accomplished B.completed C.ended D.finished

4.When will the work be ___.

A.accomplished B.completed C.ended D.finished

5.比较:I have finished the book.和I have completed a book.分别释为何意呢?

1.We tried to settle the arguement but nothing.我们试图解决争端,但未成功.

2.The term will 学期将在七月初结束.

3.The building was in 1962.大厦建成于19xx年.

4.When will the work be 工作什么时候完结?

5.I have finished the book.我读完了那本书.

I have completed a book.我写完了一本书.

◤词语大辨析◢-§.④

accurate，correct，delicate，exact，precise都含有一定的"正确,精确"之意

accurate 准确的，精确的，指某人或某事不仅不出错，而且与事实无出入，强调准确性

correct 正确的，指某人或某事合乎事实或公认的标准或规则，没有错误

delicate 精美、精细的、雅致的

exact 确切的、精确的,语气较accurate强,指某人或某事数量或质量完全符合事实或标准,而且在细致末节上也丝毫不差

precise 精密的,指具有高度的精确性和准确性,强调范围界限的鲜明性或细节的精密,有时略带"吹毛求疵"的贬义

1.His painting is a/an ___ copy of the original.

A.exact B.precise C.correct D.accurate

2.Laser technology has enhanced the ___ of many surgical procedures.

A.detail B.cost C.exaction D.precision

3.We hope to become more ___ in predicting earthquakes.

A.exact B.correct C.precise D.accurate

4.It’s the ___ thing to do.

A.accurate B.precise C.exact D.correct

5.One of his eyes was injured in an accident, but after a ___ operation,he quickly recovered his sight. A. precise B.delicate C.considerate D.exact

1.His painting is a/an copy of the original.他的画是与原作丝毫不差的临摹作品.

2.Laser technology has enhanced the of many surgical procedures.激光技术已大大提高了外科手术的精确度.

3.We hope to become more in predicting earthquakes.我们希望能更准确地预测地震.(be accurate in… 在…方面很精确)

4.It’s the thing to do.正应如此.

5.One of his eyes was injured in an accident,but after a 他的一只眼睛在事故中受伤,但经过精细的手术以后很快恢复了视力.

英语四六级词语大辨析 Page 2 of 23

◤词语大辨析◢-§.⑤

accuse，charge，indict都含有一定的"指控,控告"之意

accuse为…指责某人,控告某人

charge指控某人…

indict 具体用法见练习3、4、5句

1.The soldier was ___ of running away when the enemy attacked.

A.scolded B.charged C.accused D.punished

2.He ___ me with negligence of duty.

A.accused B.blamed C.charged D.indicted

3.The police ___ him as a rioter.

A.indicted B.accused C.charged D.punished

4.His company ___ him for sabotage.

A.accused B.indicted C.blamed D.charged

5.He was ___ on a charge of murder. A.accused B.charged C.punished D.indicted

1.The soldier was accused of running away when the enemy attacked.这个士兵被指控为临阵逃脱.

2. He charged me with negligence of duty.他指控我玩忽职守.

3.The police indicted him as a rioter.警察指控他为扰乱治安者.(indict sb. as…指控某人为…)

4.His company indicted him for sabotage他公司告发他的破坏行为.(indict sb for sth.告发某人…)

5.He was indicted on a charge of murder.他因犯杀人罪被起诉.(sb. be indicted on a charge of …因犯…被告发)

◤词语大辨析◢-§.⑥

achieve,acquire,attain,gain,obtain都含有一定的"获得,达到"之意

achieve 强调由于极大的努力,克服困难后达到目标

acquire 指经过不懈努力才获得的技术,知识等抽象的东西,也指养成习惯等

attain 正式用语,指经过艰苦努力才使人达到完美境地

gain 指需要做出比obtain更大的努力,往往指通过竞争获得某些有价值的东西

obtain 指经过努力或付出代价或经过很长时间儿得到所需要的东西

1.After so many years of hard work,he finally ___ success.

A.obtained B.acquired C.achieved D.gained

2.She has ___ some very unpleasant habits recently.

A.obtained B.gained C.attained D.acquired

3.In typhoon,winds ___ a speed greater than 120 km per hour.

A.assume B.accomplish C.attain D.assemble

4.In the second experiment they ___ a very clear result.

A.obtained B.acquired C.won D.attained

5.No ___ without pains.

A.obtains B.gains C.attains D.acquires

6.She ___ a good knowledge of English from Mr. Chen's lectures. A.achieved B.attained C.acquired D.gained

C.D.C.A.B.C.

1.After so many years of hard work,he finally achieved success.经过这么多年努力,他终于获得了成功.

2.She has acquired some very unpleasant habits recently.她最近养成了一些不良的习惯.

3.In typhoon,winds attain a speed greater than 120 km per hour.发生台风时,风速每小时高达120公里.

英语四六级词语大辨析 Page 3 of 23

4.In the second experiment they obtained a very clear result.在第二次试验中他们的到了一个非常清楚的结果.

5.No gains without pains.不劳则无获.

6.She acquired a good knowledge of English from Mr. Chen's lectures.他从陈教授的讲座中学到很多英语知识.

◤词语大辨析◢-§.⑦

acknowledge,admit,concede,confess,recognize都含有一定的"承认"之意

acknowledge 着重”公开承认”,常用来指过去曾隐瞒或否认的事

admit 是指在压力下不得不承认已经证实或难以否认的事实,供认(事实,错误等)

concede (不情愿地)承认,(在结果确定前)承认失败

confess 着重承认自己的过错或罪恶

recognize 指正式承认主权、权利等

1.He ___ that the statement was true in an argument.

A.conceded B.admitted C.confessed D.recognized

2.She ___ having been at fault.

A.admitted B.confessed C.acknowledged D.recognized

3.The new law was generally admitted ___ difficult to enforce.

A.being B.to being C.to be D.to have

4.Although they had suffered heavy losses,they refused to ___ defeat.

A.conced B.conserve C.admit D.assert

5.Finally he has to ___ himself guilty.

A.concede B.confess C.admit D.acknowledge

6.Mr.Zhang was___ as the legitimate representative. A.acknowledge B.admitted C.conceded D.recognized

A.C.C.A.B.D

1.He that the statement was true in an argument.他在辩论中承认对方的说法是正确的.(有点不情愿的承认)

2.She 他承认自己曾犯过错误.

3.The new law was generally admitted difficult to enforce.大家普遍认为,新的法律很难实施.(admit后面可跟名词或动名词作宾语,不根不定式作宾语,但可接不定式作宾补.此句中admit为被动结构,所以用to be difficult to enforce作主语补语.)

4.Although they had suffered heavy losses,they refused to defeat.虽然他们已遭受惨重损失,但还是不肯认输.

5.Finally he has to 最终他不得不认罪.(confess oneself认罪)

6.Mr.Zhang was 张先生背城认为公司的合法代表.

◤词语大辨析◢-§⑧

affirm，assert，allege，claim都含有一定的"宣称，断言"之意

affirm 断言,肯定,指根据事实坚定不移地宣称,有无可争辩之意

assert 宣称,坚持,指不管事实如何,主观自信地宣称

allege 宣称,断定,指在无真实凭据情况下宣称,硬说

claim 声称,主张,往往表示说话者反对或不同意某一观点

1.Politicians more often___ their desire for retirement than show that they really mean it.

A.assert B.claim C.allege D.affirm

2.The suspect ___ that he had not been in the neighbourhood.

A.advocated B.alleged C.addressed D.announceed

3.He ___ his belief that she was innocent.

A.affirmed B.asserted C.maintained D.stressed

4.He ___ that this could be done.

英语四六级词语大辨析 Page 4 of 23

A.affirmed B.alleged C.asserted D.claimed

5.Don’t ___ to know what you don’t know. A.claimed B.asserted C.alleged D.affirmed

1.Politicians more often their desire for retirement than show that they really mean it.政治家经常声称他们想退休,但未必是真的.

2.The suspect 嫌疑犯生成案发时他并不在现场.

3.He his belief that she was innocent.他坚持自己的想法,她是无辜的.

4.He that this could be done..他宣称这是可行的.

5.Don't to know what you don't know.不要强不知以为知.

◤词语大辨析◢-§⑨

alarm,dread,fear,fright,horror,panic,terror都含有一定的"惊恐"之意

alarm 惊恐,忧虑,指突然遇到危险产生的紧张,害怕,惊慌失措的心理状态,也可指一般的担心忧虑 (take/feel alarm at…因…而惊恐) dread 担忧,惧怕,多指因预料有危险和不愉快的事面临而产生的不安心情,比fear更为强烈的恐惧

fear 表示恐惧最普通的用语,指遇到危险或灾难内心感到不安或发慌

fright 指突然的惊恐

horror 令人毛骨悚然,使人极其厌恶的恐怖(常用于强调表现出恐怖的现象或行为,而不强调引起恐怖的原因)

panic 恐慌(指吃惊以后随之而来的不知所措,神经几乎失控的状态)

terror 恐怖(指个人安全受到严重威胁时所产生的巨大恐惧及惊骇)

1.There is nothing to get ___ about.

A.alarmed B.feared C.horrified D.terrified

2.She had always been in ___of meeting with an accident.

A.horror B.alarm C.terror D.dread

3.Our cat ___ dogs.

A.alarms B.fears C.panics D.dreads

4.I don't ___ easily.

A.fear B.dread C.frighten D.alarm

5.They watch with ___ as the tightrope walker struggled to remain his balance.

A.panic B.alarm C.horror D.terror

6.All the residents of the town ___ when there was a big fire in the supermarket.

A.paniced B.panicked C.surprised D.shocked

7.She was ___ out of her senses. A.alarmed B.feared C.hottified D.terrified

1.There is nothing to get 没什么可大惊小怪的.

2.She had always been in of meeting with an accident.他总是担心遇上意外事故.

3.Our cat dogs.我们家的猫怕狗.

4.I don't 我不会轻易受惊的.

5.They watch with 他们心惊肉跳得看着走钢丝绳的演员摇摇晃晃地在恢复平衡.

6.All the residents of the town 超市的一场大火震惊了全镇居民.(panic的过去式为panicked)

7.She was out of her senses.她吓得魂不附体.

◤词语大辨析◢-§⑩

alter,change,convert,modify,shift,transform,vary都含有一定的"改变"之意

英语四六级词语大辨析 Page 5 of 23

alter 改变,变更,指衣服等表面或局部做部分变动,而没有变成另一种事物

change 改变,变更,指位置,性质,外表,形式或是数量与质量等改变.常与into连用.

convert 使转变,变化,一般只表示事物的外表及用途等方面发生的次要变化,而不是本质上的巨大变化,也可用于改变某人的政治观点、信仰.这个词义是其他词所没有的

modify 修改,变更,较正式,常用以表示意见,计划或形式,质量方面不大的变化

shift 指位置或方向的移动,改变

transform 指外形或面貌的改变,彻底改变性格,性质等

vary 改变,不同,有区别,变化

1.If your coat is too long,the tailor can___it to fit you.

A.alter B.convert C.change D.modify

2.Great ___ have taken place since he left.

A.alters B.converts C.changes D.transforms

3.He used to be a Christian,but he is now___ to Buddhism.

A.converted B.changed C.transformed D.reformed

4.Prices that ___ with the quality.

A.shift B.vary C.convert D.alter

5.The wind has ___ from north to south.

A.shifted B.converted C.altered D.transformed

6.Many military factories have been ___ into civil ones in order to meet the needs of the country.

A.altered B.varied C.shifted D.transformed

7.The inventor ___ his original design in order to increase the machine’s effiency. A.exchanged B.converted C.modified D.cultivated

1.If your coat is too long,the tailor can 如果你的衣服太大,裁缝会给你改的合身.

2.Great have taken place since he left.他走后变化很大.

3 He used to be a Christian,but he is now. to Buddhism.他过去是一个基督教徒,现在改信佛教.

4.Prices that 价格随质量不同而变化.(vary with…随…而变化)

5.The wind has 风向从北转到了南.

6.Many military factories have been into civil ones in order to meet the needs of the country.为了适应国情的需要,我们把很多军用工厂改成了民用工厂.

7.The inventor his original design in order to increase the machine’s efficiency.发明者改变原来的设计目的是提高机器的效率.

◤词语大辨析◢-§⑾

alternative,choose,pick,select都含有一定的"选择"之意

alternative adj. n. 供选择的,抉择,供选择的东西.指在两者之间进行选择,两者选一的

choose 适用范围最广,指从众多的对象中挑选,这中挑选常取决于个人的意志与判断,不强调客观标准.它所选择的对象可以是不同种类的,可以是有形的或无形的.还常带有最终选定的含义,即表示选定候不再变化.

pick 口头用语,指仔细地,精心地选择,含有挑剔的意思.一般指挑选有形的东西

select 语气比choose重,多用于正式场合.指仔细地,审慎地精选,强调客观性,而不是主观性.所挑选的对象可以是有形或无形的,但一定是同种类的.

1.He ___an appropriate birthday card for his mother.

A.chose B.picked C.selected D.elected

2.Children shouldn't ___ food.

A.pick off B.pick C.choose D.select

3.He ___ Miss Lilyfor his wife.

英语四六级词语大辨析 Page 6 of 23

A.chose B.selected C.picked D.elected

4.When traveling,you are advised to take travelers' checks,which provide a secure ___ to carrying your money in cash.

A.preference B.selection C.choice D.alternative

5.I'm to ___ a few good books to send to my friend. A.choose B.pick up C.pick out D.pick at

1.He 他给母亲精心挑选了一张合适的生日卡.

2.Children shouldn’t food.孩子不应该挑食.(pick off摘去,采取)

3 He Miss Lilyfor his wife.他选择了莉丽小姐作为他的妻子.(从本句可以看出"choose常带有最终选定的含义"这一点)

4.When traveling,you are advised to take travelers' checks,which provide a secure in cash.建议你旅游时带旅行支票,那样要比带现金安全.

5.I'm to a few good books to send to my friend.我要挑选几本好书给我的朋友.(pick up收拾整理,用车接人 pick out挑选,拣出 pick at吃一点点,无食欲地吃)

◤词语大辨析◢-§⑿

altitude,aptitude,attitude,latitude都非常形近

altitude 高度,海拔(an altitude of 20,000 metres above sea level海拔20,000米)

aptitude 才能,智力,倾向,习性

attitude 态度,看法

latitude 纬度(longitude经度)

1.Beavers have an ___ for building dams.

A.altitude B.aptitude C.attitude D.latitude

2.She takes the ___ that Children should be allowed to learn at their own pace.

A.altitude B.aptitude C.attitude D.latitude

3.He has an ___ for languages.

A.altitude B.aptitude C.attitude D.latitude

4.What's your ___ towards this question?

A.altitude B.aptitude C.attitude D.latitude

5.Taipei is located at 121.7 degrees east longitude and 25 degrees north ___.

A.altitude B.aptitude C.attitude D.latitude

6.The pilot is exercising the ___ flight. A.altitude B.aptitude C.attitude D.latitude

1.Beavers have an for building dams.水獭有筑坝的习性.

2.She takes the 她采取的态度就是应该允许孩子们按照自己的节奏学习.

3 He has an 他有学语言的才能.

4.What's yourtowards this question?你对这个问题有什么看法?

5.Taipei is located at 121.7 degrees east longitude and 25 degrees north台北位于东经121.7度,北纬25度.

6.The pilot is exercising the flight.飞行员正在练习高空飞行.

◤词语大辨析◢-§⒀

announce, declare, proclaim都含有一定的"宣布"之意

announce 指对公众或特定的一群关心的人进行宣布，常指大家感兴趣的事，如国家大事、商品信息、生死病婚、开会等新闻 declare 指在庄严场合，官方权威人士公开郑重宣布，有时指在公共场合对某事表明态度

proclaim 指官方事务中当局对大众所作的重要宣布

其实,三个词之间有时也可经常互换使用.

英语四六级词语大辨析 Page 7 of 23

1.Everyone was silent as he ___ the winner of the competition.

A.told B.declared C.announced D.proclaimed

2.The government ___ war on the drug dealers.

A.stated B.declared C.announced D.claimed

3.They ___ him a model worker.

A.stated B.declared C.prized D.proclaimed

4.The chairman ___ the exhibition open.

A.stated B.declared C.spoke D.proclaimed

5.The Congress of the Communist Party of China was ___ to meet in the paper. A.stated B.declared C.announced D.proclaimed

1.Everyone was silent as he the winner of the competition.当他宣布竞赛的获胜者时,大家都静静地倾听.

政府向毒品贩子宣战.(declare war on/against…向…宣战;proclaim war宣战)

3.They 它们宣布他为劳动模范.

4.The chairman the exhibition open.主席宣布展览会开幕.(本句感觉也可用announced,你认为呢?)

5.The Congress of the Communist Party of China was ◤词语大辨析◢-§⒁

ample, adequate, plentiful,sufficient都含有一定的"足够,丰富"之意

ample 指不仅能达到应有的程度,满足需要,而且还有余,一般不修饰数量不定的名词(ample time充裕的时间;an ample basket of fruit满满一篮水果;ample space宽敞的空间)

adequate 足够的,充分的,指数量和质量上复合一个特定的标准或不太高的要求

plentiful 丰富的,很多的,富裕的

sufficient 尤指程度上多到能满足或达到某种特殊需要,特别是精神上的需要

1.There is ___ evidence to suggest that the lawyer in question knew exactly what she was doing.

A.sufficient B.plentiful C.adequate D.ample

2.By law,when one makes a large purchase,he should have ___ opportunity to change his mind.

A.accurate B.urgent C.adequate D.excessive

3.The supply is not ___ to the demand.

A.sufficient B.plentiful C.adequate D.ample

4.He has acquired ___ proficiency to read Chinese literary works.

A.sufficient B.plentiful C.adequate D.ample

5.A ___ harvest is in sight. A.sufficient B.plentiful C.adequate D.ample

1.There is ample evidence to suggest that the lawyer in question knew exactly what she was doing.有充分证据表明那个正在提问的律师确实知道她在做什么.(ample evidence充分证据)

2.By law,when one makes a large purchase,he should have adequate opportunity to change his mind.根据法律,当一个人进行大宗购买时,他应该有充分的机会改变自己的注意.

3.The supply is not adequate to the demand.供不应求.

4.He has acquired sufficient proficiency to read Chinese literary works.他已获得足够能力阅读中国文学著作.

5.A plentiful harvest is in sight.丰收在望.(plentiful/good harvest丰收)

◤词语大辨析◢-§⒂

amplify, enhance, enlarge,expand,magnify都含有一定的"扩大,提高"之意

英语四六级词语大辨析 Page 8 of 23

amplify 放大,扩大,增强,指放大,增强(信号等)

enhance 提高,增强,指(价格,力量,吸引力,声望)等的增加,提高.

enlarge 指体积,大小,范围,能力等方面的增加

expand 既可指数量上或体积上的增加,也可用来之前后左右上下任何方向的扩大,也指知识的增长,生意的扩大

magnify 指放大,扩大(声音,照片等)

1.Human knowledge has greatly ___ in the last 30 years which enables people to achieve more and live more comfortably.

A.enlarged B.expanded C.enhanced D.amplified

2.Please ___ a radio signal.

A.amplified B.expanded C.enhanced D.enlarged

3.The republication of the poet’s most recent works will certainly ___ his national reputation.

A.magnify B.expand C.enhance D.amplify

4.People often use a loudspeaker to ___ the voice.

A.develop B.enlarge C.magnify D.widen

5.We must ___ our views by reading.

A.amplify B.magnify C.enhance D.enlarge

6.The boss is going to ___ retail operations.

A.amplify B.magnify C.enhance D.expand

7.Mother asked someone to ___ the kitchen. A.amplify B.magnify C.enhance D.enlarge

1. Human knowledge has greatly expanded in the last 30 years which enables people to achieve more and live more comfortably.过去30年人类的知识已经有了很大的增长,这就使得人们能够取得更大的成就,生活也更舒适了.

2. Please amplify a radio signal.请放大无线电信号.

3. The republication of the poet’s most recent works will certainly enhance his national reputation.这位诗人最新作品的再版毋庸置疑地会提高他在国内的声望.

4. People often use a loudspeaker to magnify the voice.人们常用扩音器来放大声音.

5. We must enlarge our views by reading.我们必须以读书来增长见识.

6.The boss is going to expand retail operations.老板正打算扩大零售业务.

7.Mother asked someone to enlarge the kitchen.妈妈找人来扩大了厨房.

◤词语大辨析◢-§⒃

annoy,furious,indignant,irritate,provoke都含有一定的"恼怒"之意

annoy 指有余被迫忍受某种不愉快甚至讨厌的事情而失去耐心或沉着(be annoyed at/by sth. be annoyed with sb. 对某人/某事很生气)

furious 狂怒的(be furious with sb. be furious at/about sth对某人/某事大发雷霆)

indignant 强调的是愤怒,愤慨,愤愤不平

irritate 指一再打扰某人,终于使其失去耐心而发怒.

provoke 激怒(人,动物),使生气(provoke sb. to do /into doing...刺激某人做某事)

1.It ___ me that she just assumes we'll all fit in with her plans.

A.irritates B.bothers C.annoys D.provokes

2.The manager was ___ by consumer's insolence.

A.irritated B.bothered C.complained D.provoked

3.Father was ___ with Peter about his mistake.

A.careless B.bothered C.furious D.provoked

4.Mike ___ Mary to anger so that Mary was divorced from Mike.

A.irritated B.bothered C.annoyed D.provoked

英语四六级词语大辨析 Page 9 of 23

5.Mother is ___ against Bob because he is not obedient.

A.irritated B.annoyed C.furious D.provoked

6.This unfair trestment arouses popular ___. A.irritation B.annoyance C.indignation D.complaint

1.It __C__ me that she just assumes we'll all fit in with her plans.她想当然地认为我们都适合她的计划,这使我非常恼怒.

A.irritates B.bothers C.annoys D.provokes

2.The manager was __A__ by consumer's insolence.经理被消费者的蛮横态度弄得恼火.

A.irritated B.bothered C.complained D.provoked

3.Father was __C__ with Peter about his mistake.父亲对彼得犯的错误大发雷霆.

A.careless B.bothered C.furious D.provoked

4.Mike __D__ Mary to anger so that Mary was divorced from Mike.麦克激怒了玛丽以至于玛丽跟麦克离婚了.(provoke sb. to anger激怒某人;叫某人生气)

A.irritated B.bothered C.annoyed D.provoked

5.Mother is __A__ against Bob because he is not obedient.妈妈对鲍伯的不听话很生气.(irritate against sb.对某人生气)

A.irritated B.annoyed C.furious D.provoked

6.This unfair trestment arouses popular __C__.这种不公待遇引起了公愤. A.irritation B.annoyance C.indignation D.complaint

◤词语大辨析◢-§⒄

apparatus,appliance,equipment,facility,instrument都含有一定的"器具"之意

apparatus 指"一套仪器,一套器械,装置"

appliance 通常指需要动力才能操作的家用电器和装置等

equipment 指"设备,装备"

facility (pl.)"设备,设施",只是工作生活便利的工具和环境

instrument 指精密的或科学的和艺术上使用的器具等

1.Today,housework has been made much easier by electrical ___.

A.facilities B.appliances C.instruments D.apparatus

2.The complete ___ of the new library will take another year.

A.apparatus B.facility C.instrument D.equipment

3.The school offer us the ___ for study.

A.facilities B.appliances C.instruments D.apparatus

4.This hospital imported many surgical ___ from abroad.

A.facilities B.appliances C.instruments D.apparatus

5.The Browns are always very cold in winter because they have not a heating ___. A.facilities B.appliances C.instruments D.apparatus

1.Today,housework has been made much easier by electrical __B__.现在,家用电器使得家务活轻松多了.

A.facilities B.appliances C.instruments D.apparatus

2.The complete __D___ of the new library will take another year.新图书馆的全套设备还要花一年时间才能完成.

A.apparatus B.facility C.instrument D.equipment

3.The school offer us the __A__ for study.学校为我们提供了便利学习的设施.

A.facilities B.appliances C.instruments D.apparatus

4.This hospital imported many surgical __C__ from abroad.医院从国外进口了许多外科器械.

A.facilities B.appliances C.instruments D.apparatus

5.The Browns are always very cold in winter because they have not a heating __D__.布朗一家每到冬天就很冷,因为他们没有暖气设备.

英语四六级词语大辨析 Page 10 of 23

A.facilities B.appliances C.instruments D.apparatus

◤词语大辨析◢-§⒅

answer,reply,respond都含有一定的"回答"之意

answer 用的最广,几乎可指口头,书面乃至行动所表示的一切

reply 指较为正式或经过考虑的答复,除了后面接直接宾语或以that开始的句子外,一般只用作不及物动词,后面连用to,表示回答旁人的问题(话语,信件,祝贺,攻击等)

respond 一般指对紧急问题或请求作出答复,或用行动对所说或所做的事情做出反应

1.The car ___ well to the controls.

A.responds B.corresponds C.replies D.reflects

2.The electrician went at once in ___ to the phone call.

A.reply B.respond C.reflection D.answer

3.He ___ nothing about this.

A.refuse B.answer C.reply D.respond

4.Please ___ at your earliest convenience.

A.answer B.reflect C.reply D.respond

5.The illness quickly ___ to proper treatment. A.replied B.answered C.reflected D.responded

1.The car __A__ well to the controls.这辆汽车操纵灵敏.(respong to sth.对某事物反映灵敏,起反应,回答,响应;corrspond to相当于,与...对应;reply to回信,对...做出反应)

A.responds B.corresponds C.replies D.reflects

2.The electrician went at once in __D__ to the phone call.电工一接到电话马上就去了.(in answer to作为对...的回答,响应,反击等)

A.reply B.respond C.reflection D.answer

3.He __B__ nothing about this.对此他没有回答.

A.refuse B.answer C.reply D.respond

4.Please __C__ at your earliest convenience.请尽早答复.

A.answer B.reflect C.reply D.respond

5.The illness quickly __D__ to proper treatment.疾病经适当治疗后很快好转. A.replied B.answered C.reflected D.responded

◤词语大辨析◢-§⒆

apparent,clear,evident,obvious,visible都含有一定的"明显"之意

apparent 显然明白的,表面上的;常用来修饰容易看见或认识的事物

clear 普通用语,凡听清、看清或易于理解的东西都可以用

evident 指以事实为根据,加以推理就很明显,多用于抽象事物和推理,如事实、错误、成功等

obvious 指极为明显,一目了然,不用多说就能清楚的东西

visible 显著的,明显的,可看见的

以上词语,在某些时候可以互换,并无非常明显的界限.

1.Everyone present ran out for no ____ reason.

A.apparent B.other C.absurd D.strange

2.It is (quite) ____ that he took the wrong path.

A.apparent B.evident C.stupid D.absurd

3.Tom was nowhere in ____.

A.apparence B.evidence C.obviosity D.vision

英语四六级词语大辨析 Page 11 of 23

4.It is ____ that two and two make four.

A.apparent B.evident C.obvious D.visible

5.He talked to the customer with ____ impatience.

A.evident B.clear C.much D.visible

6.It is ____ (that) you have been cheated. A.clear B.apparent C.regretful D.ignorant

1.Everyone present ran out for no __A__ reason.在场的每个人都莫名其妙地跑掉了.

A.apparent B.other C.absurd D.strange

2.It is (quite) __B__ that he took the wrong path.很显然,他走错了道.(本题选用obvious也是可以的嘛! It is (quite) evident that...很显然...)

A.apparent B.evident C.stupid D.absurd

3.Tom was nowhere in __B__ .到处都看不到汤姆.(in evidence 明显的,显眼的,显而易见的,可看见的)

A.apparence B.evidence C.obviosity D.vision

4.It is __C__ that two and two make four.二加二等于四,那是明明白白的.(It is bovious that...)

A.apparent B.evident C.obvious D.visible

5.He talked to the customer with __D__ impatience.他和顾客谈话时显然不耐烦的样子.(本题选用apparent或obvious也没什么不可以.但evident和clear就有点勉强了.)

A.evident B.clear C.much D.visible

6.It is __A__ (that) you have been cheated.明白得很,你已受骗了.(It is clear that...) A.clear B.apparent C.regretful D.ignorant

◤词语大辨析◢-§(20)

关于people的四个词,可能大家很早就听说过了吧,但我不知道是否都弄清楚了,所以在这里再提一下.

a people,peoples,people,the people有何区别?你分清了嘛?

a people 指一个国家或地区的"民族、人民".

peoples 为a people的复数形式,指许多国家或地区的不同的"民族、人民".

people 泛指"人们",是集合名词,不能指一人.以单数形式表示复数意义,谓语动词要用复数

the people 指"人民",可指某个国家的人民,也可指全世界的人民.它表示复数概念.若the people作为主语,它的谓语动词要用复数形式.

1.The Chinese are a hard-working ____.

A.people B.a people C.the people D.peoples

2.____ will laugh at you.

A.People B.A people C.The people D.Peoples

3.____ are the makers of history.

A.People B.A people C.The people D.Peoples

4.Five hundred ____ have attended the open air concert.

A.people B.a people C.the people D.peoples

5.____ of the two countries are determined to unite still more closely.

A.People B.A people C.The people D.The Peoples

6.____ who were waiting at the entrance have now gone inside. A.People B.A people C.The people D.Peoples

1.The Chinese are a hard-working __A__.中国是个勤劳的民族.(a (adj.) people)

A.people B.a people C.the people D.peoples

2.__A__ will laugh at you.人们会嘲笑你的.

A.People B.A people C.The people D.Peoples

3.__C__ are the makers of history.人民是历史的创造者.

英语四六级词语大辨析 Page 12 of 23

A.People B.A people C.The people D.Peoples

4.Five hundred __A__ have attended the open air concert.五百人参与了露天音乐会.

A.people B.a people C.the people D.peoples

5.__D__ of the two countries are determined to unite still more closely.两国人民决心团结得更加紧密.

A.People B.A people C.The people D.The peoples

6.__C__ who were waiting at the entrance have now gone inside.刚才等在入口处的人们现在都进去了. A.People B.A people C.The people D.Peoples

◣词语大辨析◢-§(21)"争论,争吵"

argue,debate,discuss,dispute,quarrel都含有一定的"争论"之意

argue 指一方坚持自己的意见,立场和观点,通过争论企图说服对方debate 多指公开,正式场合进行的辩论或严肃的争论,双方各自陈述理由,"交锋""往返"的意味较强

discuss 指为了解决问题或弄清对方的观点而进行的讨论,磋商

dispute 指持续,激烈的争论,语气较强,有”相持不下,未得解决”的意思)

quarrel 争吵,争论,含与人发生口角的意思

1.I ____ with my flat-mate about who should do the housework.

A.discussed B.debated C.argued D.quarreled

2.What we are ____ about is not survival but the quality of life.

A.disputing B.deducing C.discussing D.debating

3.They are ____over foreign policy.

A.disputing B.discussing C.arguing D.debating

4.They hold a fierce ____ as to whether their company should restore the trade relationship which was broken years ago.

A.debate B.clash C.disagreement D.contest

5.What he said just now had little to do with the question under ____.

A.debate B.discussion C.dispution D.arguement

6.The case was fully ____ before agreement was reached. A.quarreled B.argued C.debated D.contested

1.I __D__ with my flat-mate about who should do the housework.我和我同住一个单元的人关于谁应做家务吵了一架)

A.discussed B.debated C.argued D.quarreled

2.What we are __A__ about is not survival but the quality of life.我们所争论的不是生存问题而是生活质量问题.

A.disputing B.deducing C.discussing D.debating

3.They are __C__ over foreign policy.他们正就外交政策进行辩论A.disputing B.discussing C.arguing D.debating

4.They hold a fierce __A__ as to whether their company should restore the trade relationship which was broken years ago.他们就公司是否应当恢复几年前中断了的贸易关系进行了一场激烈的争论.

A.debate B.clash C.disagreement D.contest

5.What he said just now had little to do with the question under __B__.他刚才所见讲的与讨论的问题关系不大在讨论中)

A.debate B.discussion C.dispution D.arguement

6.The case was fully __B__ before agreement was reached.这案件在达成一致意见前进行了充分争论. A.quarreled B.argued C.debated D.contested

◤词语大辨析◥-§22.

arise,arouse,raise,rise四个形近词,你分清了吗?

arise vi. 突然出现;起床

英语四六级词语大辨析 Page 13 of 23

arouse vt.引起,唤醒,激起

raise vt.举起,提高,较多地被用于具体的场合,如举手,举杯,升旗等;有时也用于提高工资,提高工作效率等

rise vi.上升,升高,上涨等,大多用于抽象或比喻的场合,如太阳,蒸汽,产量的上升,有时也用于具体场合,如人的起立,河水的上涨等

1.The wind is ____.

A.rising B.raising C.arousing D.arising

2.Our wages have been ____ recently.

A.risen B.raised C.aroused D.arisen

3.A new problem has ____.

A.risen B.raised C.aroused D.arisen

4.He ____ her mothering instincts.

A.rose B.raised C.aroused D.arose

5.He ____ at 6:30 a.m. as usual.

A.rose B.raised C.aroused D.arose

6.The river ____ by two feet after the heavy rains. A.rose B.raised C.aroused D.arose

1.The wind is __A__.起风了.

A.rising B.raising C.arousing D.arising

2.Our wages have been __B__ recently.最近我们的工资提高了.

A.risen B.raised C.aroused D.arisen

3.A new problem has __D__.出现了一个新问题.

A.risen B.raised C.aroused D.arisen

4.He __C__ her mothering instincts.他激起了她的母爱本能.

A.rose B.raised C.aroused D.arose

5.He __D__ at 6:30 a.m. as usual.他像平常一样早晨6点半起床.

A.rose B.raised C.aroused D.arose

6.The river __A__ by two feet after the heavy rains.暴雨使河水水位升高两英尺. A.rose B.raised C.aroused D.arose

◤ 词语大辨析◥―§(23)

some time,some times,sometime,sometimes,some day,the other day

some time n. "相当长的一段时间" adv. "某个时候,某一天"=sometime

some times adv. "数次"

sometime adv. "某个时候,某一天"(可指过去,也可指将来),可用some time代替

sometimes adv."有时,间或"=now and then /from time to time

some day "有朝一日,有一天"(只指将来的一天),常与表示将来的时态连用,也可写成someday

the other day "那一天,前几天"(只指过去的某一天),仅用于过去时态中

1.____ I'm going to make a journey round the world.

A.The other day B.Some times C.Sometimes D.Some day

2.We ____ have letters from her.

A.some time B.some times C.sometime D.sometimes

3.I saw her ____ in July.

A.some day B.sometime C.some times D.sometimes

4.____ ,as I was walking up to town,I saw a strange man.

A.Some day B.Sometime C.The other day D.Some time

5.Marx stayed in Belgium for ____.

英语四六级词语大辨析 Page 14 of 23

A.Some time B.Sometime C.Some times D.Sometimes

6.I met your elder sister in the museum ____. A.someday B.sometimes C.some times D.some time

1.__D__ I'm going to make a journey round the world.有朝一日我要环游世界.

A.The other day(只用于过去时) B.Some times C.Sometimes D.Some day(用于将来时)

2.We __D__ have letters from her.我们有时收到她的来信.

A.some time B.some times C.sometime D.sometimes

3.I saw her __B__ in July.我在七月的某一天见到过她.

A.some day(用于将来时) B.sometime(也可用sometime) C.some times D.sometimes

4.__C__,as I was walking up to town,I saw a strange man.在我走去镇上的那一天,我看见一个奇怪的人.

A.Some day(用于将来时) B.Sometime(概念较模糊,不清楚哪天) C.The other day(用于过去时,特指那一天) D.Some time

5.Marx stayed in Belgium for __A__.马克思在比利时待了一段时间.

A.Some time B.Sometime C.Some times D.Sometimes

6.I met your elder sister in the museum __C__.我好几次在博物馆碰见你姐姐. A.someday B.sometimes C.some times D.some time

◣词语大辨析◥--§(24) "假的"

artificial,fake,false都含有一定"假的"之意.

artificial 人造的,假的,矫揉造作的,不自然的 eg.an artificial lake人工湖; artificial smile做作的微笑/假笑; an artificial earth satellite人造地球卫星

fake adj.假的,伪造的,冒充的 n.假货,赝品(the antique is a fake那古董是件赝品)

false 假的,不真实的,带有欺骗性的假象 eg.false goods假冒商品

1.There were some ___ flowers on the table.

A.artificial B.false C.unnatural D.unreal

2.Some criminals were ptinting ____ dollar bills until they were arrested.

A.decent B.fake C.patent D.suspicious

3.Someone shouted "Fire!" but it was a ____ alarm and there was no danger.

A.fake B.false C.unreal D.untrue

4.She was too nervous to make an ____ manner.

A.fake B.unreal C.false D.artificial

5.Three plus three is seven.True or ___?

A.artificial B.fake C.false D.untrue

6.His friends played him ___. A.artificial B.fake C.false D.untrue

1.There were some __A__ flowers on the table.桌上放着一些假花.

A.artificial B.false C.unnatural D.unreal

2.Some criminals were ptinting __B__ dollar bills until they were arrested.有些罪犯在被逮捕前一直印假美钞.

A.decent(体面的) B.fake C.patent(专利的) D.suspicious(可疑的)

3.Someone shouted "Fire!" but it was a __B__ alarm and there was no danger.有人喊"失火了",可那只是一场虚惊并无危险.(false alarm 虚假的警报)

A.fake B.false C.unreal D.untrue

4.She was too nervous to make an __D__ manner.她太紧张了,做出了不自然的举止.

A.fake B.unreal C.false D.artificial

5.Three plus three is seven.True or __C__?三加三等于七.对还是错?

A.artificial B.fake C.false D.untrue

英语四六级词语大辨析 Page 15 of 23

6.His friends played him __C__.他的朋友欺骗了他,欺骗某人) A.artificial B.fake C.false D.untrue

◣词语大辨析◢-§25. " 归因于..."

ascribe,attribute,contribute,owe

ascribe 和 attribute 差别不大,都可以解释为"(中性)把...归因于,(褒义)把...归功于,(贬义)把...归咎于",也可以解释为"把...归属于,认为...归属于...",基本可以互换

contribute (to)有助于,促成...

owe (to)把...(褒义)

1.Medical research has shown that the widespread use of cigarettes ____ to the increase of cancers.

A.ascribe B.attribute C.contribute D.owe

2.Professor Li ____ his success to his mother.

A.owns B.ruins C.owes D.roars

3.We ____ Edison's success to his intelligence and hard work.

A.subject B.attribute C.owing D.refer

4.The discover of America is usually ____ to Columbus.

A.ascribed B.gave C.rewarded D.contributed

5.One should not ____ one's error to objective conditions.

A.apply B.owe C.contribute D.ascribe

6.I ___ it to you that I finished my work in time.

A.owe B.contribute C.award D.give

7.The exchange of goodwill missions greatly ____ to a better understanding between the two countries.

A.ascribe B.attribute C.contribute D.owe

8.This poem is ____ to Homer. A.owed B.ascribed C.contributed D.belong

1.Medical research has shown that the widespread use of cigarettes __C__ to the increase of cancers.医学研究表明人们普遍吸烟导致癌症患者人数增加.

A.ascribe B.attribute C.contribute D.owe

2.Professor Li __C__ his success to his mother.李教授把他的成功归功于他母亲.

A.owns B.ruins(破坏) C.owes/ascribe/attribute D.roars(吼叫)

3.We __B__ Edison's success to his intelligence and hard work.我们把爱迪生的成就归因于他的聪明才智和辛勤工作.

A.subject to 服从 B.attribute/ascribe C.owing to 由于 D.refer to 参阅,涉及

4.The discover of America is usually __A__ to Columbus.美洲大陆的发现通常被归功于哥伦布.

A.ascribed/attributed/owed B.gave C.rewarded D.contributed

5.One should not __D__ one's error to objective conditions.一个人不应把自己的错误归咎于客观条件.

A.apply to 运用,申请 B.owe C.contribute D.ascribe/attribute

6.I __A__ it to you that I finished my work in time.亏得有你帮忙,我才及时完成了工作.

A.owe...to... 把...归功于... B.contribute C.award D.give

7.The exchange of goodwill missions greatly __C__ to a better understanding between the two countries.互派友好代表团大大促进了两国之间的相互了解.

A.ascribe B.attribute C.contribute D.owe

8.This poem is __B__ to Homer.这首诗被认定为荷马所作.

A.owed B.ascribed...to...(认为...归属于...) C.contributed D.belong(没有被动语态)

◣词语大辨析◢-§26. "聚集,收集..."

assemble,accumulate,collect,gather

英语四六级词语大辨析 Page 16 of 23

assemble vt.收集,调集 (eg.assemble forces调集兵力;assemble evidence收集证据) vi.聚集(人或事为某种共同目的聚集在一起,为特定计划而统一行动等)

accumulate 指知识财富的"累积,积聚"

collect vi.聚集,在集中以某一点或组成一组的意义上可与gather互换; vt.收集,仔细地/有选择的收集(集邮,搜集银币等都是一种有选择的收集)

gather vt.指把分布广泛零散的东西聚集在一起或人们走到一起汇集成一群

1.People sometimes ____ one particular type of object,for example stamps or coins,as a hobby.

A.gather B.assemble C.collect D.accumulate

2.The kindergartener ____ the children round her.

A.assembled B.collected C.gathered D.accumulated

3.Everybody ____ in the hall where they were welcomed by the secretary.

A.accumulate B.assembled C.piled D.joined

4.If you don't sort out the papers on your desk on a regular basis they just keep on____ .

A.accumulating B.accountant C.accumulation D.accommodation

5.I went to several libraries to ____ information about the scheme. A.gain B.assemble C.accumulate D.gather

1.People sometimes __C__ one particular type of object,for example stamps or coins,as a hobby..人们有时收集一些特殊的物品,如邮票或硬币,作为一种业余爱好.

A.gather B.assemble C.collect D.accumulate

2.The kindergartener __C__ the children round her..幼儿园阿姨把孩子们聚集在她周围.

A.assembled B.collected C.gathered D.accumulated

3.Everybody __B__ in the hall where they were welcomed by the secretary.大家都聚集在大厅,在那里受到书记的接见.

A.accumulate B.assembled(vi.) C.piled堆积 D.joined(接连)

4.If you don't sort out the papers on your desk on a regular basis they just keep on__A__ .如果你不定时整理桌上的文件,那它们只能堆得越来越多.(sort out"整理")

A.accumulating(keep on doing...) B.accountant C.accumulation D.accommodation

5.I went to several libraries to __D__ information about the scheme.我去了几家图书馆搜集了有关这个计划的信息.

A.gain B.assemble C.accumulate D.gather"指把分布广泛分散的东西聚集在一起"

◣词语大辨析◢-§(27)"估计..."

assess,estimate,evaluate,value,都含有一定的"估计"之意

assess 指对财产,收入,损失等做出评估(make an assessment)

estimate 对某物的性质,数量最大概的推断,指无法清算或数清时做出估计

value→evaluate 指对物的价值给与评定

1.Examinations are not the only means of ____ someone's ability.

A.estimating B.assessing C.valuing D.justifying

2.He ____ that the hall would hold one thousand people.

A.estimated B.calculated C.valuing D.evaluated

3.I ____ the house at $200,000.

A.calculate B.estimate C.value D.evaluate

4.Before he started work,I asked the builder to give me an ____ of the cost of repairing the roof.

A.estimate B.assessment C.announcement D.evaluation

英语四六级词语大辨析 Page 17 of 23

◣词语大辨析◢-§(28)

assure,ensure,guarantee,insure,warrant都含有一定的"保证"之意

assure 表示向某人保证某事一定会发生(内含有让某人放心之意) assure sb. of sth /assure sb. that...

ensure "确定,保证"确保某种行为一定会发生 ensure sth. /ensure that...

guarantee 对某事物的品质或人的行为"提出担保",对事物、商品等无质量,性能等方面的欺诈行为做出保证

insure "保险..."(纯粹经济意义)

warrant "担保,保证"

1.The director gave me his ____ that he would double my pay if I did my job well.

A.warrant B.certainly C.obligation D.assurance

2.The patient has been ____ of the safety of the operation.

A.assured B.guaranteed C.insured D.ensured

3.We must ____ that the telegram arrives in time.

A.secure B.assure C.ensure D.insure

4.We'd like to ____ our customers of the best possible service.

A.assure B.ensure C.guarantee D.insure

5.Tom has ____ his house against fire.

A.assured B.insured C.ensured D.guaranteed

6.Every camera we sell comes with a two-year ____.

A.guarantee B.safety C.confimation D.conservation

7.The manufacturers ____ that all the washing machines they supply are properly tested.

A.testify B.convince C.warrant D.manifest

8.My watch is ____ for one year.

A.assured B.insured C.guaranteed D.ensured

9.I ____ (you).

A.guarantee B.ensure C.warrant D.insure

10.His ability will ____ success to/for him. A.insure B.ensure C.guarantee D.assure

1.The director gave me his __D__ that he would double my pay if I did my job well.上司向我保证,只要我工作出色,他将加倍付给我工资.

A.warrant B.certainly C.obligation D.assurance

2.The patient has been __A__ of the safety of the operation.病人已确信手术是安全的

A.assured B.guaranteed C.insured D.ensured

3.We must __C__ that the telegram arrives in time.我们必须保证这份电报及时到达

A.secure(secure sth. from/against "使...安全,可靠") B.assure C.ensure D.insure

4.We'd like to __A__ our customers of the best possible service.我们愿向我们的顾客保证尽可能提供最好的服务.

A.assure B.ensure C.guarantee D.insure

5.Tom has __B__ his house against fire.Tom为他的房屋保了火险.

A.assured B.insured C.ensured D.guaranteed

6.Every camera we sell comes with a two-year __A__. 我们出售的照相机,每台都有一张为期两年的保修单.

A.guarantee B.safety C.confimation(证实) D.conservation(保存,保护)

7.The manufacturers __C__ that all the washing machines they supply are properly tested.生产商保证他们提供的所有洗衣机都经过了检验.

A.testify B.convince C.warrant D.manifest

8.My watch is __C__ for one year.我的表保用一年.

A.assured B.insured C.guaranteed D.ensured

9.I __C__ (you).我敢保证./我向你保证.

A.guarantee B.ensure C.warrant D.insure

10.His ability will __B__ success to/for him.他的能力会保证他成功 A.insure B.ensure C.guarantee D.assure

◣词语大辨析◢-§(29)

英语四六级词语大辨析 Page 18 of 23

arouse,awake,evoke,wake,waken都含有一定的"唤醒,唤起"之意

arouse vt.引起,唤起,激起;唤醒=awaken

awake adj.[用作表语]醒着的 vt.唤醒,觉醒 vi.醒,觉醒,意识到

evoke vt.唤起,引起,使人想到

wake vi.醒来 vt.唤醒,唤起,激起,使认识到 wake (up) to 认识到,意识到

waken vi.醒来,睡醒(up);觉醒,振奋 vt.唤醒,弄醒;使觉醒;使振奋,激发;激起

1.I wish I could ____ some interest in English grammar in my students.

A.wake up B.wake C.awaken D.waken

2.When people are asked what kind of housing they need or want,the question ___ a variety of answer.

A.evokes B.mediates C.defies D.magnifies

3.You must ____ the fact that you have failed in business.

A.awake B.be awake C.awake to D.waken

4.During the night a person's temperature may drop one or two degrees,and it can be difficult to ____ him in the morning if his body hasn't become hot yet.

A.arise B.arouse C.raise D.rise

5.He ____ to find himself in the hospital.

A.arouse B.awoke C.awaken D.woke

6.What time do you usually ____ (up)? A.evoke B.arouse C.awake D.wake

1.I wish I could __C__ some interest in English grammar in my students.要是我能够激发起学生学习英语语法的兴趣该多好.(在表示"激发,引起"之意讲时,多用awaken,有时也可用awake,awake sb.'s interest激发某人的兴趣)

A.wake up B.wake C.awaken D.waken

2.When people are asked what kind of housing they need or want,the question__A__ a variety of answer.当问及人们需要什么样的住房时,得到的答案有各种各样.

A.evokes(引起) B.mediates(调停) C.defies(蔑视) D.magnifies(放大)

3.You must __C__ the fact that you have failed in business.你必须清楚你的事业已经失败了.

A.awake B.be awake C.awake to (觉悟,领悟,认识到) D.waken

4.During the night a person's temperature may drop one or two degrees,and it can be difficult to __B__ him in the morning if his body hasn't become hot yet.夜间人的体温会降低一至二度,如果早晨温度还不升高的话,就很难叫醒他.

A.arise B.arouse C.raise D.rise

5.He __D__ to find himself in the hospital.他醒来发现自己在医院里.

A.arouse B.awoke C.awaken D.woke(vi.)

6.What time do you usually __D__ (up)?你平时在什么时候醒来?(wake up"醒醒,醒来") A.evoke B.arouse C.awake D.wake

◣词语大辨析◢-§(30)

amaze,astonish,surprise都含有一定的"惊讶"之意

amaze 使吃惊,程度比surprise强(=surprise very much),一般指好事.(be amazed at sth./to do sth.)

astonish 使惊愕,指使人大吃一惊(=surprise greatly),含有几乎使人无法相信之意,是个语气较强的词(sb. be astonished at(by) sth./to do sth./that..."被(因)...惊吓")

surprise 使惊异,指由于突然的事情使人产生惊奇,有出乎意料的含义.普通用词,语气最弱. (sb. be surprised at/by sth./that.../to do sth.;feel surprised at..."对...感到惊讶";in surprise"吃惊地,在震惊中")

三个词在用法上基本相同,可互换,只是语气上有所差别.

1.I am ____ by what you tell me.

A.tired B.believed C.amused D.amazed

2.What ____ her most was hearing her name mentioned on TV.

A.astonished B.surpassed C.shocked D.shaked

3.Not ____,the process of choosing names varies widely from culture to culture.

A.obviously B.particularly C.surprisingly D.normally

4.To the ____ of everybody,he won the prize.

A.surprise B.astonishment C.amazement D.amazing

5.I was ____ to find him there.

A.ambitious B.amazed C.amused D.analysed

6.He ____ us by announcing that he was going to get married in a few day. A.feared B.astonished C.alarmed D.terrify

1.I am __D__ by what you tell me.我听了你所说的话觉得惊愕.

A.tired B.believed C.amused D.amazed

英语四六级词语大辨析 Page 19 of 23

2.What __A__ her most was hearing her name mentioned on TV.她最大吃一惊的是在电视中听到了自己的名字.

A.astonished B.surpassed C.shocked D.shaked

3.Not __C__,the process of choosing names varies widely from culture to culture.起名字的方法因文化不同而有很大差异是不足为奇的.

A.obviously B.particularly C.surprisingly D.normally

4.To the __A__ of everybody,he won the prize.使大家惊奇的是,他竟得了奖.(to one's surprise/to the surprise of sb.'s"使某人惊奇的是")

A.surprise B.astonishment C.amazement D.amazing

5.I was __B__ to find him there.我发现他在那儿,吃了一惊.

A.ambitious B.amazed C.amused D.analysed

6.He __B__ us by announcing that he was going to get married in a few day.对于他宣布他即将结婚的消息,我们大吃一惊. A.feared B.astonished C.alarmed D.terrify

◣词语大辨析◢-§(31)

award,reward都含有一定的"奖励"之意

award 指正式或官方颁发,授予award sb. sth.=award sth. to sb.

reward 给予报酬,指因对方的工作、服务、帮助而给予的报酬,奖赏某人(in reward for”作为对…回报”;reward sb. for “因…而报答某人”)

above all,after all,first of all形式相似,意义不同

above all “尤其是,最重要的是”,强调特别对待,类似于especially,more than anything else.

after all “毕竟,到底”,表示一种让步口气,与in spite of everything,in the end 相似

first of all “首先”,表示一种次序,与before anything else类似

1.Martin Luther King,great Black leader in the movement against racial discrimination,was ____ the Nobel Prize for peace for his outstanding contribution to world peace.

A.rewared B.given C.awarded D.offered

2.They ____ the winners with gifts of fruit and flowers.

A.rewarded B.awarded C.charged D.paid

3.____ you should be honest.

A.above all B.after all C.first of all D.at all

4.Don't get discouraged by setbacks,we are new to the work____.

A.after all B.above all C.in all D.

5.Children need many things,but ____ they need love.

A.after all B.above all C.for all D.and all

6.I ____ stumbled. A.all in B.all but C.all over D.above all

1. 1.Martin Luther King,great Black leader in the movement against racial discrimination,was __C__ the Nobel Prize for peace for his outstanding contribution to world peace. 反对种族歧视运动的杰出黑人领袖Martin Luther King,因其对世界和平的突出贡献而被授予诺贝尔和平奖.

A.rewared B.given C.awarded D.offered

2.They __A__ the winners with gifts of fruit and flowers.他们送给获胜者水果和鲜花最为奖赏.(reward sb. with “用…酬劳某人”)

A.rewarded B.awarded C.charged D.paid

3.__C__ you should be honest.首先你必须诚实.

A.above all B.after all C.first of all D.at all (at all”丝毫,根本”)

4.Don’t get discouraged by setbacks,we are new to the work__A__.别因挫折而灰心,这工作对我们来说毕竟还是新的.

A.after all B.above all C.in all (in all “总共”) D.

5.Children need many things,but __B__ they need love.孩子门需要很多东西,最重要的是爱.

A.after all B.above all C.for all (for all “尽管,虽然”) D.and all (and all “以及其他一切,等等”)

英语四六级词语大辨析 Page 20 of 23

6.I __B__ stumbled.我差点儿摔跤.

A.all in (all in “精疲力竭的,疲乏到极点”) B.all but (all but “差点儿,几乎”) C.all over (all over “浑身到处,全部结束”) D.above all

◣词语大辨析◢-§(32)

bank,beach,coast,seaside,shore都含有一定的"(海)岸,边"之意

bank "河岸,堤岸",指河流两旁高出水面的地方

beach "海(湖,河)滩,水滨",指受潮水冲刷而形成的有细沙或卵石覆盖的平缓的斜坡

coast "海岸,海岸线",是地理上的专用名词,指海洋与陆地的分界线,有清晰的边界概念.它不能用来指河岸或湖岸. seaside "海滨",尤指假日度假胜地

shorel "岸,滨",含义广泛,可指围绕海洋、河流及湖泊旁边的陆地,含有与水相对的意味(in shore"近岸";on shore"在岸上,在陆上";off shore"离岸")

1.Shanghai lies on the east ____ of China.

A.bank B.beach C.coast D.seaside

2.They saw a boat about a mile from the ____.

A.shore B.seaside C.bank D.beach

3.Many English people like to go to the ____ for their holidays and lying on the ____ in the sun.

A.shore B.coast C.seaside D.beach

4.The old man used to sit on the river____ to fish.

A.bank B.coast C.seaside D.beach

5.The children are playing with sand along the ____.

A.shorel B.beach C.bank D.coast

6.The ship stopped a little way off the ____. A.coast B.shore C.bank D.beach

1.Shanghai lies on the east __C__ of China. 上海位于中国东海岸.

A.bank B.beach C.coast D.seaside

2.They saw a boat about a mile from the __A__.他们在离海岸大约一英里处看到一条小船.

A.shore B.seaside C.bank D.beach

3.Many English people like to go to the __C__ for their holidays and lying on the __D__ in the sun.许多英国人喜欢去海滨度假,并躺在海滩上晒太阳.

A.shore B.coast C.seaside D.beach

4.The old man used to sit on the river__A__ to fish.那位老人过去常常坐在河岸上钓鱼.

A.bank B.coast C.seaside D.beach

5.The children are playing with sand along the __B__.孩子们在海滩上玩沙.

A.shorel B.beach C.bank D.coast

6.The ship stopped a little way off the __B__.船停在离岸不远处. A.coast B.shore C.bank D.beach

◣词语大辨析◢-§(33)

ban,forbid,prohibit都含有一定的"禁止"之意

ban n.vt."禁止,禁令"(=formal prohibition),指合法地或由于社会压力而禁止,含谴责或不赞成的态度,通常搭配形式:ban ...from sth./doing sth.

forbid vt."禁止,不许",普通用语,比prohibit通俗,用于较小事物,或个人、上级、官方、长辈做出的禁止命令、规定,或客观条件不允许,通常搭配形式:forbid sb. to do sth.

prohibit vt."禁止,不准"(=forbid by authority),指通过法律、法令、警告等作出禁止命令的正式规定或规则,通常搭配形式:prohibit sb. from sth/doing sth.

英语四六级词语大辨析 Page 21 of 23

1.He is obviously quite embarrassed about it because he ____ me to tell anyone.

A.banned B.forbade C.protected D.prohibited

2.His parents ____ him from playing video games.

A.forbid B.prohibit C.rebel D.reject

3.The international treaty ____ trade in plants and animals of endangered species.

A.promotes B.facilitates C.prohibits D.paralyzed

4.Swimming in this pool is ___.

A.banned B.stopped C.forbid D.refused

5.The rain ____us to go out.

A.bans B.forbids C.prohibits D.makes

6.Schools ____ their students to smoke and drink. A.ban B.inspire C.prohibit D.forbid

1.He is obviously quite embarrassed about it because he __B__ me to tell anyone.很显然他对此事很难为情,因为他禁止我告诉别人.

A.banned B.forbade C.protected D.prohibited

2.His parents __B__ him from playing video games.他父母禁止他打电子游戏.

A.forbid B.prohibit C.rebel(造反) D.reject

3.The international treaty __C__ trade in plants and animals of endangered species.国际公约禁止有关濒危动植物的贸易.

A.promotes B.facilitates C.prohibits D.paralyzed(使麻痹)

4.Swimming in this pool is__A__. 禁止在本池内游泳.

A.banned B.stopped C.forbid D.refused

5.The rain __B__us to go out.下雨阻止了我们出去.

A.bans B.forbids C.prohibits D.makes

6.Schools __D__ their students to smoke and drink.学校禁止学生抽烟和饮酒. A.ban B.inspire C.prohibit D.forbid

◣词语大辨析◢-§(34)

bare，blank，empty，hollow，margin，vacant 都含有一定的"空白"之意

bare a.光秃秃的,无遮蔽的,通常指局部的裸

blank a.空白的，指表面无字迹，没有写字、印刷、或做记号的空白处

empty a. (房间等)空的，没有物的，指描绘之物的内部本应有的东西这时却没有，或者可容人或物的地方或容器这时未容纳(房间里无家里设备或没有人)

hollow a.空的，空心的，空虚的，指所描绘之物的中心是空的，也可指空虚的

margin n.页边空白，多指纸张的页边，边缘的空白

vacant a.空的，(房间等)未被占用的，空着的，指暂时没有人居住或占据而空闲着的

1.Although they plant trees in this area every year，the tops of some hills are still ____.

A.blank B.vacant C.hollow D.bare

2.There is a ____ space at the bottom of the form for you to sign your name in.

A.empty B.vacant C.blank D.hollow

3.Space scientists believe that the black hole is ____,and would draw everything,even light,toward its center.

A.empty B.hollow C.vacant D.blank

4.Since everyone would like to find an apartment near the university,there are very few ____ apartments in the area.

A.vacant B.free C.empty D.reserved

5.I believe that the best way to take notes is in the ____ of the book instead of on the notebook.

A.borders B.boundaries C.edges D.margin

英语四六级词语大辨析 Page 22 of 23

1.Although they plant trees in this area every year，the tops of some hills are still __D__. 尽管他们每年都在这个地区植树,可是有些山头仍是光秃秃的.

A.blank B.vacant C.hollow D.bare

2.There is a __C__ space at the bottom of the form for you to sign your name in. 在这表格的下方有一个空白处供你签名.

A.empty B.vacant C.blank D.hollow

3.Space scientists believe that the black hole is __B__,and would draw everything,even light,toward its center. 太空科学家认为,这个黑洞是空的,它会把一切东西,甚至光吸入它的中心.

A.empty B.hollow C.vacant D.blank

4.Since everyone would like to find an apartment near the university,there are very few __A__ apartments in the area. 由于每个人都想在大学附近找到一间公寓,所以那个地区几乎没有空房.

A.vacant B.free C.empty D.reserved

5.I believe that the best way to take notes is in the __D__ of the book instead of on the notebook. 我认为记笔记的最好方法是记在页边的空白处,而不是记在笔记本上. A.borders B.boundaries C.edges D.margin

◣词语大辨析◢-§(35)

bear，endure，stand，tolerate都含有一定的"忍耐、忍受"之意

在表示忍受pain，suffering，hardship等时，在许多情况下这四个词可以互换使用；通常与can或cannot连用 bear 强调忍受者对痛苦、忧虑、烦恼以及责任的承受力（常用于否定句中）

endure (=bear bravely)指经受长期的艰难、困苦或折磨而不屈服，强调持久力和意志坚强（常用于否定句中） stand 强调不屈不挠或经受得起（常用于否定句中）

tolerate指忍受某人或某种行为而不反抗，语气最弱（即可用于肯定句也可用于否定句）

1.It seems that these ants can ____temperatures which would kill other species.

A.stand B.bear C.endure D.tolerate

2.Some old people don't like pop songs because they can't ____ so much noise.

A.resist B.sustain C.tolerate D.undergo

3.This cloth will not ____ washing.

A.stand in for B.bear C.endure D.tolerate

4.I can't ____ him. I can't ____ to wait any longer.

A.endure,stand B.endure,bear C.tolerate,bear D.stand,endure

5.We will not ____ interference in our home affairs. A.stand B.agree with C.endure D.tolerate

1.It seems that these ants can __D__temperatures which would kill other species. 看来这些蚂蚁能够忍受可能会置其他物种于死地的温度.

A.stand B.bear C.endure D.tolerate

2.Some old people don't like pop songs because they can't __C__ so much noise. 老年人不喜欢流行歌曲,因为他们不能忍受太大的吵闹声.

A.resist B.sustain C.tolerate D.undergo

3.This cloth will not __B__ washing. 这块布不耐洗.

A.stand in for B.bear C.endure D.tolerate

4.I can't __A__ him. I can't ____ to wait any longer. 我不能容忍他.我再也等待不下去了.

A.endure,stand B.endure,bear C.tolerate,bear D.stand,endure

5.We will not __D__ interference in our home affairs. 我们决不能容忍干涉我们的内政.

A.stand B.agree with C.endure D.tolerate

英语四六级词语大辨析 Page 23 of 23