官方网站：www.xiaoma.com

托福阅读考试的推理题

推理题的标志是在题干中出现infer/imply/suggest/indicate/most likely 这样的词汇，它和细节题属于同源题目，都需要定位并且根据文中信息来选择答案。与细节题不同的是，推理题在找到原文中定位点之后考察的是学生对于文中信息的总结概括，或者反向推理的能力。以下是托福阅读推理题的介绍我们来看一道例题，

It should be obvious that cetaceans-whales, porpoises, and dolphins-are mammals. They breathe through lungs, not through gills, and give birth to live young. Their streamlined bodies, the absence of hind legs, and the presence of a fluke3 and blowhole4 cannot disguise their affinities with land-dwelling mammals. However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses, whose limbs are functional both on land and at sea), it is not easy to envision what the first whales looked like. Extinct but, already fully marine cetaceans are known from the fossil record. How was the gap between a walking mammal and a swimming whale bridged? Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans.

Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about early sea otters? ○It is not difficult to imagine what they looked like

○There were great numbers of them.

○They lived in the sea only.

○They did not leave many fossil remains.

首先我们来对题目的出题范围进行定位，题干的blowhole可以作为定位词汇，定位到原文的第四句话：“However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses, whose limbs are functional both on land and at sea), it is not easy to envision what the first whales looked like.”在这句话里交代了“unlike the casess of sea otters”，即与sea otters不一样的是，whales的陈述是：it is not easy to envision what the first whales looked like.即，不容易看出第一头鲸长什么样子。而sea ottter是和鲸鱼相反，所以选择A选项，即不难看出第一头sea otter长什么样子。所以实际上，这种题目虽然叫做推理题，但是并不需要同学们在做题的时候推的过远，基本考察的还是对原文信息概括和总结的能力。

 

第二篇：托福阅读 句子插入题

托福阅读部分中的句子插入题相对于词汇题、句子简化题、事实信息题，它在每篇文章都会出现一道题，而且位置是固定的，一定在最后一题内容小结题之前的倒数第二题，如此一来若是答错了也不影响考生对文章的理解和做题。那么如何应对该类考题呢？环球托福老师将在下文详解。

既然这句插入的话对文章本身是没有影响的，那么插入的句子插在某段段首的几率大么？答案明显是否定的。原因呢？因为外国人的思维模式比较直截了当，不会像中国人那样藏着掖着，抛砖引玉或是画龙点睛。所以往往在某段第一句的句子在该段都起着至关重要的角色：主题句，它会总结上文，而更多的情况是引领下文。

我们排除了一个答案：就是段首的位置，但是还有三个干扰选项啊！！！句子插入题到底在考察什么呢？答案是：上下文的衔接。插入的句子一定要和上下文衔接得当。下面环球托福老师就带广大的托儿们了解句子插入题解题方法。

步骤一：先阅读要插入的句子。

步骤二：关注插入的句子主语部分，要在该插入句子之前得以重复。

以TPO4 Deer Population of the Puget Sound的句子插入题为例。

Paragraph 2-3: Nearly any kind of plant of the forest understory can be part of a deer's diet, where the forest inhibits the growth of grass and other meadow plants,

the black-tailed deer browses on huckleberry, salad, dogwood, and almost any other shrub

or herb. But this is fair-weather feeding. What keeps the black-tailed deer alive in the harsher seasons of plant decay and dormancy? One

compensation for not hibernating is the built-in urge to migrate. █ Deer may move from high-elevation browse areas in summer down to the lowland areas in late fall.

█ Even with snow on the ground, the high bushy understory is exposed;

also snow and wind bring down leafy branches of cedar, hemlock, red alder,

and other arboreal fodder.

█The numbers of deer have fluctuated markedly since the entry of Europeans

into Puget Sound country. █ The early explorers and settlers told of abundant

deer in the early 1800s and yet almost in the same breath bemoaned the lack of

this succulent game animal.

Look at the four squares [█] that indicate where the following sentence could

be added to the passage.

There food is available and accessible throughout the winter.

Where would the sentence best fit?

插入的句子主语部分出现两个单词there 和food, there是地点状语，说明插入的位置之前出现了地点和食物。而文中的四个插入的句子只有第二处之前提到了high-elevation browser和lowland areas, 并且还提到了鹿吃的browse。所以答案是第二处。

步骤三：注意插入句子的逻辑关系词：转折，递进和因果关系表示结果的词。

下面以TPO 3 Long-term stability of ecosystem为例。

Paragraph 6: █Ecologists are especially interested to know what factors

contribute to the resilience of communities because climax communities all over

the world are being severely damaged or destroyed by human activities. █The

destruction caused by the volcanic explosion of Mount St. Helens, in the

northwestern United States, for example, pales in comparison to the destruction

caused by humans. █We need to know what aspects of a community are most

important to the community’s resistance to destruction, as well as its

recovery. █

Look at the four squares [█] that indicate where the following sentence could

be added to the passage.

In fact, damage to the environment by humans is often much more severe

than damage by natural events and processes.

Where would the sentence best fit?

插入的句子主语部分是：damage to the environment by human, 要和原文得以重复，我们不难发现在第二处和第三处都有提到，但是插入句子的开头出现了一个逻辑关系词：in fact。这个词的意思是：事实上，在托福阅读插入句子中表示递进。如果发现逻辑关系词，问题似乎就迎刃而解了，我们发现第六段的第二句是个例子，也就表明第二句话一定是为前面一句话服务的，这句话的意思是：火山爆发所造成的破坏比起人类造成的破坏显得苍白无力。但是我们发现第一句话中完全没有提到自然灾害所造成的破坏，只是提到了人类活动所造成的破坏。所以我们应该把插入的句子放在第二处，它对第一处进一步阐明作者思想。

环球托福老师也帮助大家总结了常出现在句子插入题中的逻辑关系词：

★表示转折：however, but, nevertheless, nonetheless

★表示递进：in fact, actually, indeed, furthermore, additionally, besides

★表示结果：as a consequence, as a result, thus, hence, so

除了上述三点做题方法，环球托福老师还总结了插入句子中的表示持续性的动词，例如：continue to, keep on, go on, again, 这些单词和词组都有一个共同的特点，都和再一次有关。换句话说，既然它说了“继续，再一次，持续”则意味着“原来有过，所以才能继续”，所以在找插入点时，只要把持续做的事，在段落中找到即可，插入的句子一定插在它的后面。

环球托福老师建议我们考生一定要对以上三种做题方法进行掌握，相信托儿们一定能秒杀句子插入题。